Pub Date : 2017-08-15DOI: 10.4172/2150-3508.1000215
B. M. Laimeheriwa
This study aims to construct taxonomic character of Cypraea annulus based on shell morphological; analyzed the developmental stages of the snail shell and investigated the similarities and phenotypic distances of snails with numerical taxonomic approaches. This research lasted four years on island of Larat and Ambon. The sample used was 2926. Construction of morphological taxonomic characters using binary data types with 296 test characters and ordinal types with 173 test characters; and 32 specimens of operational taxonomic units. The data is processed and analyzed on Lasboratory of Maritime and Marine Study Centre, University of Pattimura. The results of this study indicate that the development stages of C. annulus shell: juvenile stage (11.00-14.99 mm), sub adult (15.00-18.99 mm), adult (19.00-22.99 mm) and post adult (>23.00 mm). The distribution of similarity coefficient and phenetic distance values between 32 OTU C. annulus has a morphological phenetic similarity in the range of values above 95% and the phenetic distance in the range of less than 1.0. C. annulus numerical taxonomic based on morphological taxonomic character with 296 characters of test at binary data type, obtained two taxa phenotypes at a taxonomic phenon similarity level of 94%; Whereas with 173 character test of ordinal data type, obtained three taxa phenotype at taxonomic correlation level 0.970.
{"title":"Phenetic Relationship Study of Gold Ring Cowry, Cypraea Annulus (Gastropods: Cypraeidae) in Mollucas Islands Based on Shell Morphological","authors":"B. M. Laimeheriwa","doi":"10.4172/2150-3508.1000215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2150-3508.1000215","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to construct taxonomic character of Cypraea annulus based on shell morphological; analyzed the developmental stages of the snail shell and investigated the similarities and phenotypic distances of snails with numerical taxonomic approaches. This research lasted four years on island of Larat and Ambon. The sample used was 2926. Construction of morphological taxonomic characters using binary data types with 296 test characters and ordinal types with 173 test characters; and 32 specimens of operational taxonomic units. The data is processed and analyzed on Lasboratory of Maritime and Marine Study Centre, University of Pattimura. The results of this study indicate that the development stages of C. annulus shell: juvenile stage (11.00-14.99 mm), sub adult (15.00-18.99 mm), adult (19.00-22.99 mm) and post adult (>23.00 mm). The distribution of similarity coefficient and phenetic distance values between 32 OTU C. annulus has a morphological phenetic similarity in the range of values above 95% and the phenetic distance in the range of less than 1.0. C. annulus numerical taxonomic based on morphological taxonomic character with 296 characters of test at binary data type, obtained two taxa phenotypes at a taxonomic phenon similarity level of 94%; Whereas with 173 character test of ordinal data type, obtained three taxa phenotype at taxonomic correlation level 0.970.","PeriodicalId":166175,"journal":{"name":"Fisheries and Aquaculture Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130551673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-11DOI: 10.4172/2150-3508.1000214
E. Stutzman, J. Molnar, G. Atukunda, J. Walakira
Aquaculture development commentary supports the formation of fish farmer associations or producer organizations as avenues for cultivating small- and medium-scale commercial farmers. However, little is known about the types of associations that facilitate commercialization. This research presents four qualitative case studies, based on semi-structured interviews, profiling existing associations of commercial fish farmers in Uganda. We conclude that the umbrella organizations under which local fish farmer associations vertically align themselves have important implications for fish farmer production. Aquaculture-specific umbrella organizations contribute to the success of local member association’s more than general umbrella organizations do. Successful fish farmer associations accept government assistance only when it directly improves their fish farm operations. Other farmer groups seemed to wait for direct subsidization. Training fish farmers, providing quality information, cost sharing, and advocating for the aquaculture sector, not donor seeking, are the top priorities in productive fish farmer associations.
{"title":"Understanding the Role of Fish Farmer Associations as Intermediaries for the Commercialization of Aquaculture in Uganda","authors":"E. Stutzman, J. Molnar, G. Atukunda, J. Walakira","doi":"10.4172/2150-3508.1000214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2150-3508.1000214","url":null,"abstract":"Aquaculture development commentary supports the formation of fish farmer associations or producer organizations as avenues for cultivating small- and medium-scale commercial farmers. However, little is known about the types of associations that facilitate commercialization. This research presents four qualitative case studies, based on semi-structured interviews, profiling existing associations of commercial fish farmers in Uganda. We conclude that the umbrella organizations under which local fish farmer associations vertically align themselves have important implications for fish farmer production. Aquaculture-specific umbrella organizations contribute to the success of local member association’s more than general umbrella organizations do. Successful fish farmer associations accept government assistance only when it directly improves their fish farm operations. Other farmer groups seemed to wait for direct subsidization. Training fish farmers, providing quality information, cost sharing, and advocating for the aquaculture sector, not donor seeking, are the top priorities in productive fish farmer associations.","PeriodicalId":166175,"journal":{"name":"Fisheries and Aquaculture Journal","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129968952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-08DOI: 10.4172/2150-3508.1000213
Hamere Melaku, M. Lakew, E. Alemayehu, A. Wubie, M. Chane
Isolation and identification of pathogenic fungi from African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) eggs and adults in Ethiopian National Fishery and Aquatic Life Research Center hatchery was conducted from October 2015 to May 2016. The aim of this study was to investigate the aquatic fungal flora associated with eggs and brood stock from African catfish in the center. A total of 16 egg samples, 77 swab samples from skin of adult fishes (brood stock) and water samples from 14 incubating containers were investigated. Samples were collected from water, outer body surface of fish as well as from artificially hatched eggs. Isolation and identification of the fungus was done on colonial and microscopic characteristics. In this study, 84.11% samples were positive for fungal growth and fungus isolates belonging to seven different genera were identified. Tricophyton, Saprolegnia, Rhizopus, Penicillium, Mucor, Microsporum and Alternaria were among the dominant isolated fungal genera. Among the isolated genera, Tricophyton was detected from 13.08% of the samples, while Alternaria had the least with 3.74%, unidentified fungi accounts for 14.02% and unidentified yeast were 20.56%. Based on the results, various pathogenic fungi species were identified from fish body, water and hatched eggs, hence are potential causes of mortality and decreased egg hatchability. In the light of this, appropriate egg and water disinfection methods are essential for hatchery management. Fishes in rearing facilities must be given proper health management monitoring to prevent outbreak of fungal disease.
{"title":"Isolation and Identification of Pathogenic Fungus from African Catfish ( Clarias gariepinus ) Eggs and Adults in National Fishery and Aquatic Life Research Center Hatchery, Ethiopia","authors":"Hamere Melaku, M. Lakew, E. Alemayehu, A. Wubie, M. Chane","doi":"10.4172/2150-3508.1000213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2150-3508.1000213","url":null,"abstract":"Isolation and identification of pathogenic fungi from African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) eggs and adults in Ethiopian National Fishery and Aquatic Life Research Center hatchery was conducted from October 2015 to May 2016. The aim of this study was to investigate the aquatic fungal flora associated with eggs and brood stock from African catfish in the center. A total of 16 egg samples, 77 swab samples from skin of adult fishes (brood stock) and water samples from 14 incubating containers were investigated. Samples were collected from water, outer body surface of fish as well as from artificially hatched eggs. Isolation and identification of the fungus was done on colonial and microscopic characteristics. In this study, 84.11% samples were positive for fungal growth and fungus isolates belonging to seven different genera were identified. Tricophyton, Saprolegnia, Rhizopus, Penicillium, Mucor, Microsporum and Alternaria were among the dominant isolated fungal genera. Among the isolated genera, Tricophyton was detected from 13.08% of the samples, while Alternaria had the least with 3.74%, unidentified fungi accounts for 14.02% and unidentified yeast were 20.56%. Based on the results, various pathogenic fungi species were identified from fish body, water and hatched eggs, hence are potential causes of mortality and decreased egg hatchability. In the light of this, appropriate egg and water disinfection methods are essential for hatchery management. Fishes in rearing facilities must be given proper health management monitoring to prevent outbreak of fungal disease.","PeriodicalId":166175,"journal":{"name":"Fisheries and Aquaculture Journal","volume":"33 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125736416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-03DOI: 10.4172/2150-3508.1000191
H. S. Abedalhammed, N. Abdulrahman, H. Sadik
This study was designed to investigate the effect of natural, sprout powder and hydroponic planting of Barley on some growth parameters of common carp Cyprinus carpio L. The trail was conducted for 56 days and for this purpose 175 fingerlings common carp, mean initial weight of 34.71 g were acclimated to laboratory conditions and fed with control pellets (30%crude protein) prior to the feeding trials for 21 days. Seven experimental diets were used and the control as 0% (T1), Natural planting 2.5 (T2) and 5 gm/kg diet (T3), Hydroponic Planting 2.5 (T4) and 5 gm/kg diet (T5), Barley sprout powder 2.5 (T6) and 5 gm/kg diet (T7). According to the results no significant differences observed in mean initial weight this was done in way to avoid differences attributed to fish initial weight, T4 (Barley sprout powder 2.5 g/kg diet) was significantly higher in each daily and relative growth rate, but the specific growth rate both T4 and T7 were significantly higher than other treatments. No significant differences observed in Food Conversion Ratio and Protein Efficiency Ratio but T4 (Barley sprout powder 2.5 g/kg diet), T6 (Natural planting 2.5 gm/kg diet) and T7 (Natural planting 5 gm/kg diet) differ significantly in Food Efficiency Ratio. As general conclusion the adding of germinated barley enhance common carp performance in any way of germination.
{"title":"Effect of Natural and Hydroponic Barley Plant and Sprout on the Common Carp (Cyprinus Carpio) Growth Performances","authors":"H. S. Abedalhammed, N. Abdulrahman, H. Sadik","doi":"10.4172/2150-3508.1000191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2150-3508.1000191","url":null,"abstract":"This study was designed to investigate the effect of natural, sprout powder and hydroponic planting of Barley on \u0000 some growth parameters of common carp Cyprinus carpio L. The trail was conducted for 56 days and for this \u0000 purpose 175 fingerlings common carp, mean initial weight of 34.71 g were acclimated to laboratory conditions and \u0000 fed with control pellets (30%crude protein) prior to the feeding trials for 21 days. Seven experimental diets were \u0000 used and the control as 0% (T1), Natural planting 2.5 (T2) and 5 gm/kg diet (T3), Hydroponic Planting 2.5 (T4) and 5 \u0000 gm/kg diet (T5), Barley sprout powder 2.5 (T6) and 5 gm/kg diet (T7). According to the results no significant \u0000 differences observed in mean initial weight this was done in way to avoid differences attributed to fish initial weight, \u0000 T4 (Barley sprout powder 2.5 g/kg diet) was significantly higher in each daily and relative growth rate, but the \u0000 specific growth rate both T4 and T7 were significantly higher than other treatments. No significant differences \u0000 observed in Food Conversion Ratio and Protein Efficiency Ratio but T4 (Barley sprout powder 2.5 g/kg diet), T6 \u0000 (Natural planting 2.5 gm/kg diet) and T7 (Natural planting 5 gm/kg diet) differ significantly in Food Efficiency Ratio. \u0000 As general conclusion the adding of germinated barley enhance common carp performance in any way of \u0000 germination.","PeriodicalId":166175,"journal":{"name":"Fisheries and Aquaculture Journal","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115703816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-29DOI: 10.4172/2150-3508.1000212
A. Al-Zaidan
Zebrafish is a commonly used species in toxicology studies investigations such as molecular genetics, histopathology and developmental biology. A toxicity test was conducted to investigate the effects of toxic ammonia (NH3) in relation to time and concentration by establishing a measurable endpoints for chemical exposure and monitoring the biological responses on zebrafish exposed to high levels of toxic ammonia concentration using ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) as E1: 17.21 mg/l, E2: 24.51 mg/l, E3: 25.81 mg/l, E4: 32.11 mg/l and E5: 38.91 mg/l NH3-N at 24 hr, 48 hrs and 72 hrs periods. Fish exposed to the high levels of toxic ammonia exhibited hematological, histopathological and molecular alterations to the gills, liver and kidney at all exposure periods 24 hrs, 48 hrs and 72 hrs. The interrelation between the hematological, histopathological and gene expression have proven to be time and dose dependent having a linear relation under the influence of high levels of toxic ammonia exposure. Such hematological and histopathological changes observed in the gills, liver and kidney of zebrafish in the present study indicates that the fish were responding to the direct effects of the toxic ammonia and secondary effects caused by stress.
{"title":"The Acute Effects of Un-ionized Ammonia on Zebrafish (Danio rerio)","authors":"A. Al-Zaidan","doi":"10.4172/2150-3508.1000212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2150-3508.1000212","url":null,"abstract":"Zebrafish is a commonly used species in toxicology studies investigations such as molecular genetics, histopathology and developmental biology. A toxicity test was conducted to investigate the effects of toxic ammonia (NH3) in relation to time and concentration by establishing a measurable endpoints for chemical exposure and monitoring the biological responses on zebrafish exposed to high levels of toxic ammonia concentration using ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) as E1: 17.21 mg/l, E2: 24.51 mg/l, E3: 25.81 mg/l, E4: 32.11 mg/l and E5: 38.91 mg/l NH3-N at 24 hr, 48 hrs and 72 hrs periods. Fish exposed to the high levels of toxic ammonia exhibited hematological, histopathological and molecular alterations to the gills, liver and kidney at all exposure periods 24 hrs, 48 hrs and 72 hrs. The interrelation between the hematological, histopathological and gene expression have proven to be time and dose dependent having a linear relation under the influence of high levels of toxic ammonia exposure. Such hematological and histopathological changes observed in the gills, liver and kidney of zebrafish in the present study indicates that the fish were responding to the direct effects of the toxic ammonia and secondary effects caused by stress.","PeriodicalId":166175,"journal":{"name":"Fisheries and Aquaculture Journal","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125248607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-17DOI: 10.4172/2150-3508.1000211
Jason Cheal, Anup S. Chamrajnagar, E. Fong, Jonathan C. Glance
We investigate a semi-contained, two-tank model for a Litopenaeus vannamei (White Pacific Shrimp) aquaculture farm. Our model simulates the possibility of a self-sustaining aquaculture system, with an interdependent triad of shrimp, algae, and bacteria. The two tanks are symmetric: the first containing developing shrimp through the hatchery and nursery phase and the second containing full grown shrimp through the grow-out phase. This system is modelled by six, first order differential equations. Using analytic and numeric techniques, we examine the dynamics and equilibria of this system as well as each of its individual components. This paper examines the effects of varying harvesting frequencies and magnitudes, and searches for an optimal harvesting strategy. Our analysis concluded that in the confines of our model, a technique of harvesting 81.5% of harvestable shrimp every 2 days provides a hypothetical optimal strategy. However, upon consideration of practical constraints, a harvesting strategy of 98% of harvestable shrimp every 10 days represents a real-world optimal harvesting strategy.
{"title":"A Model for Self-Sustaining Litopenaeus Vannamei Farm Alternatives","authors":"Jason Cheal, Anup S. Chamrajnagar, E. Fong, Jonathan C. Glance","doi":"10.4172/2150-3508.1000211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2150-3508.1000211","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate a semi-contained, two-tank model for a Litopenaeus vannamei (White Pacific Shrimp) aquaculture farm. Our model simulates the possibility of a self-sustaining aquaculture system, with an interdependent triad of shrimp, algae, and bacteria. The two tanks are symmetric: the first containing developing shrimp through the hatchery and nursery phase and the second containing full grown shrimp through the grow-out phase. This system is modelled by six, first order differential equations. Using analytic and numeric techniques, we examine the dynamics and equilibria of this system as well as each of its individual components. This paper examines the effects of varying harvesting frequencies and magnitudes, and searches for an optimal harvesting strategy. Our analysis concluded that in the confines of our model, a technique of harvesting 81.5% of harvestable shrimp every 2 days provides a hypothetical optimal strategy. However, upon consideration of practical constraints, a harvesting strategy of 98% of harvestable shrimp every 10 days represents a real-world optimal harvesting strategy.","PeriodicalId":166175,"journal":{"name":"Fisheries and Aquaculture Journal","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133218003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-10DOI: 10.4172/2150-3508.1000210
G. Roopma, Otra, R. Kumari, Monika Sharma, Dalbir Singh
Present study was conducted to study the effect of varying level of dietary lipid on the growth, Feed conversion ratio (FCR) and body composition of the juveniles of Labeo rohita. Group of 25 juveniles in triplicate (average weight 0.022 gm ± 0.002 gm) were fed on three iso-nitrogenous experimental diets containing (40% protein) and varying levels of lipid i.e., 6%, 9% and 12% for a period of 60 days. Results revealed that the best increment in growth was obtained with 9% supplementary lipid (%WG 26.08 ± 0.681) followed by the diet containing 12% lipid (%WG 23.41 ± 1.646) and least with 6% lipid (%WG 22.71 ± 1.540). FCR and FCE shows inverse relation as highest value of FCE (9.35) and least value of FCR (10.70) was obtained in juveniles fed on 9% lipid diet with significant differences (p ≤ 0.001). Further biochemical analysis revealed that highest value of muscle lipid has been found in juveniles fed on 9% lipid diet i.e., 1.11 gm and least with diet containing 6% lipid i.e., 0.78 gm. Thus, based on the present results, it could be concluded that an artificial feed with 9% supplemented fish oil is sufficient without any adverse effects on growth performance and muscle quality.
{"title":"Growth Response of Juveniles of Rohu, Labeo Rohita to Different Levels ofLipid in the Diet","authors":"G. Roopma, Otra, R. Kumari, Monika Sharma, Dalbir Singh","doi":"10.4172/2150-3508.1000210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2150-3508.1000210","url":null,"abstract":"Present study was conducted to study the effect of varying level of dietary lipid on the growth, Feed conversion ratio (FCR) and body composition of the juveniles of Labeo rohita. Group of 25 juveniles in triplicate (average weight 0.022 gm ± 0.002 gm) were fed on three iso-nitrogenous experimental diets containing (40% protein) and varying levels of lipid i.e., 6%, 9% and 12% for a period of 60 days. Results revealed that the best increment in growth was obtained with 9% supplementary lipid (%WG 26.08 ± 0.681) followed by the diet containing 12% lipid (%WG 23.41 ± 1.646) and least with 6% lipid (%WG 22.71 ± 1.540). FCR and FCE shows inverse relation as highest value of FCE (9.35) and least value of FCR (10.70) was obtained in juveniles fed on 9% lipid diet with significant differences (p ≤ 0.001). Further biochemical analysis revealed that highest value of muscle lipid has been found in juveniles fed on 9% lipid diet i.e., 1.11 gm and least with diet containing 6% lipid i.e., 0.78 gm. Thus, based on the present results, it could be concluded that an artificial feed with 9% supplemented fish oil is sufficient without any adverse effects on growth performance and muscle quality.","PeriodicalId":166175,"journal":{"name":"Fisheries and Aquaculture Journal","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132979342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-07DOI: 10.4172/2150-3508.1000209
N. Chérif, A. Fatma
This report describes the viral epidemiology of wild fish adjacent to cage farms within the Tunisian coasts and is focused on viral nervous necrosis virus (VNNV). A total of 92 apparently healthy wild marine fish were collected near aquaculture facilities in five different coastal areas of Tunisia. The brains and eyes of fish were examined by quantitative real time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to detect the nodavirus coat protein gene of. A total of 57 out of 92 (61.9%) samples were positive for nodavirus by qRT-PCR. This finding indicates that carrier fish occur at a considerable level in populations of wild marine fish. Samples from 13 fish species were found to be positive to the virus genome: Sarpa salpa, Trachurs trachurus, Boobs boops, Sardinella aurita, Diplodus vulgaris, Diplodus puntazzo Liza aurata, Diplodue sargus, Sparus aurata, Sardina pilchardus, Spicara maena, Spondyliosoma cantharus, and Diplodus annularis. The partial sequences of the RNA2 coat protein gene of these strains were identical with RGNNV type previously identified within farmed sea bass and sea bream species in Tunisia, with a homology >97%. With respect to the proximity of the sampling sites to the coast and to rearing facilities, results analysis can suggest that these viruses may be indigenous to Tunisian coastal waters.
{"title":"Nodaviruses in Wild Fish Population Collected Around Aquaculture Cage Sites from Coastal Areas of Tunisia","authors":"N. Chérif, A. Fatma","doi":"10.4172/2150-3508.1000209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2150-3508.1000209","url":null,"abstract":"This report describes the viral epidemiology of wild fish adjacent to cage farms within the Tunisian coasts and is focused on viral nervous necrosis virus (VNNV). A total of 92 apparently healthy wild marine fish were collected near aquaculture facilities in five different coastal areas of Tunisia. The brains and eyes of fish were examined by quantitative real time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to detect the nodavirus coat protein gene of. A total of 57 out of 92 (61.9%) samples were positive for nodavirus by qRT-PCR. This finding indicates that carrier fish occur at a considerable level in populations of wild marine fish. Samples from 13 fish species were found to be positive to the virus genome: Sarpa salpa, Trachurs trachurus, Boobs boops, Sardinella aurita, Diplodus vulgaris, Diplodus puntazzo Liza aurata, Diplodue sargus, Sparus aurata, Sardina pilchardus, Spicara maena, Spondyliosoma cantharus, and Diplodus annularis. The partial sequences of the RNA2 coat protein gene of these strains were identical with RGNNV type previously identified within farmed sea bass and sea bream species in Tunisia, with a homology >97%. With respect to the proximity of the sampling sites to the coast and to rearing facilities, results analysis can suggest that these viruses may be indigenous to Tunisian coastal waters.","PeriodicalId":166175,"journal":{"name":"Fisheries and Aquaculture Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132366867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-23DOI: 10.4172/2150-3508.1000208
A. Et, Akaahan Tj, Akogwu Sa
This study examined the morphometry of Tilapia zilli and Oreochromis niloticus from lower River Benue at Makurdi. Seven morphometry measurements (body weight, standard length, total length, dorsal fin length, caudal fin length, head length and body width) of each captured fish. The mean of morphological parameters of Tilapia zilli of body weight, standard length, total length, dorsal fin length, caudal fin length, head length and body width were 12.83 g, 8.00 cm, 9.95 cm, 4.50 cm, 3.19 cm, 2.27 cm and 4.44 cm respectively. Similarly the mean morphometry of Oreochromis niloticus was body weight: 15.51 g, standard length: 9.00 cm, total length: 10.76 cm, dorsal fin length: 5.85 cm, caudal fin length: 3.68 cm, head length: 2.67 cm and body width: 4.41 cm. The correlation analysis between morphometry of Tilapia zilli was significant between head length and total length only. However, correlation analysis between morphometry of Oreochromis niloticus revealed a significant positive correlation between standard length and bodyweight, total length and body weight, standard length and total length, dorsal fin length and body width and head length and dorsal fin length only. There was a strong relationship between log of body weight and standard length using regression analysis with R2 value of 0.8689 in Oreochromis niloticus while a weak relationship was obtained in Tilapia zilli with R2 value of 0.0889 during the study. The study concludes that the two species of the Tilapia are different with different morphological features used in its identification.
{"title":"Variation in the Morphometry Measurements of Two Tilapia Fish Species in Relation to Their Body Weight Obtained from Lower Benue River at Makurdi, Benue State Nigeria","authors":"A. Et, Akaahan Tj, Akogwu Sa","doi":"10.4172/2150-3508.1000208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2150-3508.1000208","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the morphometry of Tilapia zilli and Oreochromis niloticus from lower River Benue at Makurdi. Seven morphometry measurements (body weight, standard length, total length, dorsal fin length, caudal fin length, head length and body width) of each captured fish. The mean of morphological parameters of Tilapia zilli of body weight, standard length, total length, dorsal fin length, caudal fin length, head length and body width were 12.83 g, 8.00 cm, 9.95 cm, 4.50 cm, 3.19 cm, 2.27 cm and 4.44 cm respectively. Similarly the mean morphometry of Oreochromis niloticus was body weight: 15.51 g, standard length: 9.00 cm, total length: 10.76 cm, dorsal fin length: 5.85 cm, caudal fin length: 3.68 cm, head length: 2.67 cm and body width: 4.41 cm. The correlation analysis between morphometry of Tilapia zilli was significant between head length and total length only. However, correlation analysis between morphometry of Oreochromis niloticus revealed a significant positive correlation between standard length and bodyweight, total length and body weight, standard length and total length, dorsal fin length and body width and head length and dorsal fin length only. There was a strong relationship between log of body weight and standard length using regression analysis with R2 value of 0.8689 in Oreochromis niloticus while a weak relationship was obtained in Tilapia zilli with R2 value of 0.0889 during the study. The study concludes that the two species of the Tilapia are different with different morphological features used in its identification.","PeriodicalId":166175,"journal":{"name":"Fisheries and Aquaculture Journal","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131827867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-21DOI: 10.4172/2150-3508.1000207
Shovon Mnh, Majumdar Bc, Z. Rahman
Pollution and food safety are concerning issues in recent years. For that, the present investigation was aimed to determine the levels of heavy metals (Lead, Cadmium and Nickel) in different organs of three fish (Labeo rohita, Gibelion catla and Pangasius hypophthalmus) and to compare the present value with Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)/World Health Oraganization (WHO) acceptable limit. These commonly consumed fish were collected from Kawran Bazar fish market, Bangladesh and the concentrations of heavy metals were carried out using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The highest (48.33 ± 2.52 ppm) concentration of Lead (Pb) was found in the gill of Pangus fish and the lowest (23.33 ± 2.52 ppm) was found in the gonad of Rui fish. In case of Cadmium (Cd), the highest (0.96 ± 0.08 ppm) concentration was found in the gill of Rui fish whereas the lowest (0.02 ± 0.01 ppm) was found in the kidney of Pangus fish. The highest (6.63 ± 1.00 ppm) concentration of Nickel (Ni) was found in the gill of Katla fish and the lowest (0.10 ± 0.10 ppm) was found in the liver of the same species. The metal concentrations in the muscle of Rui, Katla and Pangus fish were in the decreasing order of Pb>Ni>Cd, Pb>Cd>Ni and Pb>Ni>Cd respectively. In the study, it was found that Pb has exceeded the limits in every case whereas Cd was within the limits except for a few and Ni was completely within the maximum allowable limits provided by FAO/ WHO. However, all these concentrated metals in different parts of fish body could be concentrated into human body, if they are consumed and if so happen; there will be a massive health risk for us.
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