Pub Date : 2023-11-29DOI: 10.9734/ajrid/2023/v14i4308
N. Fall, V. M. P. Cisse, Khardiata Diallo Mbaye, Ndeye Aissatou Lakhe, Aminata Massaly, Daye Ka, A. Sarr, P. Diouf, Daouda Thioub, A. S. Badiane, L. Fortes, Pape Samba Bâ, A. Sall, Moussa Seydi
Aims: To describe the epidemiological, clinico-biological and radiological aspects of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 infection at the Fann Epidemics Treatment Center (ETC). Methodology: Cross-sectional study in Fann hospital, between July 2021 and March 2022. We included all patients hospitalized for COVID-19 infection on the basis of epidemiological, clinical and CT scanographic evidence associated with a positive RT-PCR or Ag RDT. The data were entered into Excel and analysed using R software. Qualitative variables were expressed as absolute and relative frequencies. Quantitative variables were described by the average accompanied by its standard deviation or the median associated with the extremes according to their distribution. Results: A total of 248 patients were enrolled during the study period. The average age was 61.7 ±15.2 years. Of the 248 patients, 110 were women (44.4%). High blood pressure was the most frequent comorbidity and was found in 89 patients (35.89%), followed by diabetes (21.7%) and obesity (7.26%) respectively. Three quarters (76.6%) of our patients had not been vaccinated against COVID-19. Dyspnoea was the most frequently encountered clinical symptoms (77%). More than a third of patients (39%) had extra-respiratory symptoms. A total of 109 patients underwent d-dimer testing, of whom 80 (73.4%) had levels ≥ 500ng/ml. One hundred and eighty-two patients (73.4%) had undergone thoracic CT or CT angio. And among them, 71.9% had ground-glass lesions, and half (50%) had severe to critical lesions. In our study, 52 patients died, representing a case-fatality rate of 21%. Conclusion: Our study population consisted mainly of elderly subjects, most of whom had not been vaccinated against COVID-19 and had one or more comorbidities, the most representative of which were high blood pressure, diabetes and heart diseases. In this population, the mortality rate of COVID-19 was significant, approximately one in four patients.
{"title":"Epidemiological, Clinical and Radiological Profile of Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19 at the Epidemic Treatment Centre of the Fann Hospital, Dakar during the Third and Fourth Waves","authors":"N. Fall, V. M. P. Cisse, Khardiata Diallo Mbaye, Ndeye Aissatou Lakhe, Aminata Massaly, Daye Ka, A. Sarr, P. Diouf, Daouda Thioub, A. S. Badiane, L. Fortes, Pape Samba Bâ, A. Sall, Moussa Seydi","doi":"10.9734/ajrid/2023/v14i4308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrid/2023/v14i4308","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To describe the epidemiological, clinico-biological and radiological aspects of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 infection at the Fann Epidemics Treatment Center (ETC). Methodology: Cross-sectional study in Fann hospital, between July 2021 and March 2022. We included all patients hospitalized for COVID-19 infection on the basis of epidemiological, clinical and CT scanographic evidence associated with a positive RT-PCR or Ag RDT. The data were entered into Excel and analysed using R software. Qualitative variables were expressed as absolute and relative frequencies. Quantitative variables were described by the average accompanied by its standard deviation or the median associated with the extremes according to their distribution. Results: A total of 248 patients were enrolled during the study period. The average age was 61.7 ±15.2 years. Of the 248 patients, 110 were women (44.4%). High blood pressure was the most frequent comorbidity and was found in 89 patients (35.89%), followed by diabetes (21.7%) and obesity (7.26%) respectively. Three quarters (76.6%) of our patients had not been vaccinated against COVID-19. Dyspnoea was the most frequently encountered clinical symptoms (77%). More than a third of patients (39%) had extra-respiratory symptoms. A total of 109 patients underwent d-dimer testing, of whom 80 (73.4%) had levels ≥ 500ng/ml. One hundred and eighty-two patients (73.4%) had undergone thoracic CT or CT angio. And among them, 71.9% had ground-glass lesions, and half (50%) had severe to critical lesions. In our study, 52 patients died, representing a case-fatality rate of 21%. Conclusion: Our study population consisted mainly of elderly subjects, most of whom had not been vaccinated against COVID-19 and had one or more comorbidities, the most representative of which were high blood pressure, diabetes and heart diseases. In this population, the mortality rate of COVID-19 was significant, approximately one in four patients.","PeriodicalId":166387,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139211834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-21DOI: 10.9734/ajrid/2023/v14i4307
E. Nwolisa, Udochukwuka Ikejiaku, J. Ezeogu, Kingsley Asinobi, Franklin Chime Emerenini, Kawa Alaoma, E. Ezenwa
Background: The Viral load (VL) test measures the number of copies of HIV RNA in one milliliter of blood and is the preferred antiretroviral therapy (ART) monitoring strategy. Viral suppression is defined as patients having ≤ 1000 copies of viral RNA/ml of blood. Methods/Materials: This study involved the retrospective review of viral load test result of patients aged 2-19years living with HIV/AIDS and enrolled in the treatment programme of the Paediatric infectious diseases clinic of the Federal University Teaching hospital Owerri. Results: 117 patients met the inclusion criteria and 103 were virally suppressed giving a suppression rate of 88%. Majority of those virally suppressed were in the 15-19 age group. A logistic regression analysis to ascertain the impact of age, gender, drug regimen, and duration on ARTs on the likelihood of viral suppression showed that age, gender, and drug regimen were not significant predictors of viral suppression (p > 0.05). However, duration on ARTs was a significant predictor (p < 0.01), with patients who had been on ARTs for greater than 24 months having higher odds of viral suppression (OR = 5.42, 95% CI = 1.84-15.93) compared to those who had been on ARTs for 0-6 months. Conclusion: Our study provides important insights into the viral load pattern of children and adolescents living with HIV/AIDS in Owerri. It highlights the importance of early initiation of ART, adherence to ART regimen, and routine viral load monitoring to achieve and maintain viral suppression.
{"title":"Viral Load Pattern of HIV Positive Children and Adolescents Attending a Paediatric Infectious Diseases Clinic in Owerri, Nigeria","authors":"E. Nwolisa, Udochukwuka Ikejiaku, J. Ezeogu, Kingsley Asinobi, Franklin Chime Emerenini, Kawa Alaoma, E. Ezenwa","doi":"10.9734/ajrid/2023/v14i4307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrid/2023/v14i4307","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The Viral load (VL) test measures the number of copies of HIV RNA in one milliliter of blood and is the preferred antiretroviral therapy (ART) monitoring strategy. Viral suppression is defined as patients having ≤ 1000 copies of viral RNA/ml of blood. Methods/Materials: This study involved the retrospective review of viral load test result of patients aged 2-19years living with HIV/AIDS and enrolled in the treatment programme of the Paediatric infectious diseases clinic of the Federal University Teaching hospital Owerri. Results: 117 patients met the inclusion criteria and 103 were virally suppressed giving a suppression rate of 88%. Majority of those virally suppressed were in the 15-19 age group. A logistic regression analysis to ascertain the impact of age, gender, drug regimen, and duration on ARTs on the likelihood of viral suppression showed that age, gender, and drug regimen were not significant predictors of viral suppression (p > 0.05). However, duration on ARTs was a significant predictor (p < 0.01), with patients who had been on ARTs for greater than 24 months having higher odds of viral suppression (OR = 5.42, 95% CI = 1.84-15.93) compared to those who had been on ARTs for 0-6 months. Conclusion: Our study provides important insights into the viral load pattern of children and adolescents living with HIV/AIDS in Owerri. It highlights the importance of early initiation of ART, adherence to ART regimen, and routine viral load monitoring to achieve and maintain viral suppression.","PeriodicalId":166387,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139254469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-09DOI: 10.9734/ajrid/2023/v14i4306
S. O. Onemu, M. O. Onemu-Metitiri, Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu
The test for coagulase activity is a simple and non-expensive test for the identification of S. aureus strains from clinical samples in resource-poor settings. The results of these tests have been reported to vary with the source of plasma and with some atypical strains that test negative with the coagulase test. The study was carried out to determine if misidentification of strains of S. aureus exists on account of the reliance on the coagulase tests. Clinical isolates of Staphylococci that tested negative by the coagulase tests from wounds, pus, aspirates, blood cultures and urogenital samples were collected and re-tested by the slide and tube coagulase tests and confirmed to be negative. Each isolate was inoculated onto mannitol sat agar and DNAse agar plates and incubated at 37oC for 18 h. Isolates that fermented mannitol and showed a positive DNAse test were 25/366 (6.8%). The highest number of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus aureus (CNSA) occurred within blood culture samples 25.7% and in wound, pus and aspirates, 6.9% and the least proportion, 2.9% from urogenital samples. The generation of CNSA strains is strongly associated with severely-ill patients and the potential for the administration of cell-wall inhibiting antibacterial agents may have important roles to play in the emergence CNSA. The inclusion of DNAse test in the routine identification of staphylococci is advocated especially when an isolate has tested coagulase-negative.
{"title":"Prevalence of Coagulase Negative Strains of Staphylococcus aureus in Clinical Specimens at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria","authors":"S. O. Onemu, M. O. Onemu-Metitiri, Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu","doi":"10.9734/ajrid/2023/v14i4306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrid/2023/v14i4306","url":null,"abstract":"The test for coagulase activity is a simple and non-expensive test for the identification of S. aureus strains from clinical samples in resource-poor settings. The results of these tests have been reported to vary with the source of plasma and with some atypical strains that test negative with the coagulase test. The study was carried out to determine if misidentification of strains of S. aureus exists on account of the reliance on the coagulase tests. Clinical isolates of Staphylococci that tested negative by the coagulase tests from wounds, pus, aspirates, blood cultures and urogenital samples were collected and re-tested by the slide and tube coagulase tests and confirmed to be negative. Each isolate was inoculated onto mannitol sat agar and DNAse agar plates and incubated at 37oC for 18 h. Isolates that fermented mannitol and showed a positive DNAse test were 25/366 (6.8%). The highest number of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus aureus (CNSA) occurred within blood culture samples 25.7% and in wound, pus and aspirates, 6.9% and the least proportion, 2.9% from urogenital samples. The generation of CNSA strains is strongly associated with severely-ill patients and the potential for the administration of cell-wall inhibiting antibacterial agents may have important roles to play in the emergence CNSA. The inclusion of DNAse test in the routine identification of staphylococci is advocated especially when an isolate has tested coagulase-negative.","PeriodicalId":166387,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases","volume":" 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135242272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-07DOI: 10.9734/ajrid/2023/v14i4304
Paila Ramesh, Muthu Kumaran, None Rajeevan, None Ramani, Prem Kumar, I. Shubha, P. Ratnakar Kini, None Murali, A. Chezhian, Caroline Selvi, None Aravind
Back Ground: Esophageal candidiasis, previously believed to be limited to immunocompromised individuals, is now on the rise among those with healthy immune systems. This condition can be severely debilitating, and if not managed effectively, it can lead to persistent and enduring infections.The clinical spectrum,predisposing factors and microbiological profile of esophageal candidiasis has not been evaluated previously in our hospital. Aim: To analyze the clinical and microbiological profile of patients with esophageal candidiasis. Methods: The study conducted at Madras Medical College in Chennai during 2021-2022 is an observational study centered at a single institution. It involved a cohort of 100 patients diagnosed with candida esophagitis who met the specified inclusion criteria. The diagnosis of candida esophagitis (EC) in the study was established through the identification of characteristic candidal plaques during endoscopy. Biopsies were taken using standard biopsy forceps, and the diagnosis was confirmed through pathological examination, which revealed the presence of yeast forms typical for candida invading the esophageal mucosa. Results: During the study period, around 16,000 upper endoscopies were performed in our endoscopy unit. The main findings of our study was that the prevalence of EC was less observed (0.62%, 100/16000).One fourth (26%) of our cases were presented with dysphagia followed by nausea (15%), dyspepsia (15%), asymptomatic (11%), regurgitation (9%), chest discomfort (8%), vomiting (6%), odynophagia (5%) and hiccups (5%). More than half (59%) of cases during endoscopy were grade 1 esophageal candidiasis followed by grade 2 EC (32%), grade 3 EC (8%) & oropharyngeal candidiasis observed in (1%). More than one third (39%) of cases candida lesions observed in distal esophagus followed by entire esophagus in (27%), mid esophagus in (24%) and upper esophagus in (10%). KOH mount positive in 56% cases and more than 2/3rd (67%) of EC were due to candida albicans species & one fifth (20%) showed resistance to fluconazole. Conclusion: In conclusion, Candida esophagitis may be more common than previously suspected. Neither the presenting symptoms nor the endoscopy findings are always classic for this disease. Large-size prospective studies are needed to further identify the clinical & microbiological profile of esophageal candidiasis.
{"title":"An Observational Study of Clinical and Microbiological Profile of Esophageal Candidiasis in a Tertiary Care Center, Madras City, India","authors":"Paila Ramesh, Muthu Kumaran, None Rajeevan, None Ramani, Prem Kumar, I. Shubha, P. Ratnakar Kini, None Murali, A. Chezhian, Caroline Selvi, None Aravind","doi":"10.9734/ajrid/2023/v14i4304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrid/2023/v14i4304","url":null,"abstract":"Back Ground: Esophageal candidiasis, previously believed to be limited to immunocompromised individuals, is now on the rise among those with healthy immune systems. This condition can be severely debilitating, and if not managed effectively, it can lead to persistent and enduring infections.The clinical spectrum,predisposing factors and microbiological profile of esophageal candidiasis has not been evaluated previously in our hospital. Aim: To analyze the clinical and microbiological profile of patients with esophageal candidiasis. Methods: The study conducted at Madras Medical College in Chennai during 2021-2022 is an observational study centered at a single institution. It involved a cohort of 100 patients diagnosed with candida esophagitis who met the specified inclusion criteria. The diagnosis of candida esophagitis (EC) in the study was established through the identification of characteristic candidal plaques during endoscopy. Biopsies were taken using standard biopsy forceps, and the diagnosis was confirmed through pathological examination, which revealed the presence of yeast forms typical for candida invading the esophageal mucosa. Results: During the study period, around 16,000 upper endoscopies were performed in our endoscopy unit. The main findings of our study was that the prevalence of EC was less observed (0.62%, 100/16000).One fourth (26%) of our cases were presented with dysphagia followed by nausea (15%), dyspepsia (15%), asymptomatic (11%), regurgitation (9%), chest discomfort (8%), vomiting (6%), odynophagia (5%) and hiccups (5%). More than half (59%) of cases during endoscopy were grade 1 esophageal candidiasis followed by grade 2 EC (32%), grade 3 EC (8%) & oropharyngeal candidiasis observed in (1%). More than one third (39%) of cases candida lesions observed in distal esophagus followed by entire esophagus in (27%), mid esophagus in (24%) and upper esophagus in (10%). KOH mount positive in 56% cases and more than 2/3rd (67%) of EC were due to candida albicans species & one fifth (20%) showed resistance to fluconazole. Conclusion: In conclusion, Candida esophagitis may be more common than previously suspected. Neither the presenting symptoms nor the endoscopy findings are always classic for this disease. Large-size prospective studies are needed to further identify the clinical & microbiological profile of esophageal candidiasis.","PeriodicalId":166387,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases","volume":"32 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135476184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-07DOI: 10.9734/ajrid/2023/v14i4305
Forman Erwin Siagian
Aim: To reveal the urgency to understand and augment the recognizance of the possibility existence of parasitic materials on cytological evaluation of urine.
Discussion: Urine is always contemplated as an ideal diagnostic specimen due to its direct and easiness to collect that surely non-invasive. Three common parasites that can be found in urine are Trichomonas vaginalis, Schistosoma hematobium and microfilaria of Wuchereria bancrofti. Other parasites and parasitic ova may also be seen in urinary sediments as a result of fecal or vaginal contamination. Urine Parasitological analysis embraces a wide expansive areas of tests, which comprise an assortment of physico-macroscopic analysis, microscopic analysis on cells and Parasite-bacterial appearance, parasite and microbe cultures, chemical tests, and even can be extended up to molecular identification. Importantly, from urine samples, a confirmed Parasitological diagnosis (and also Microbiology and other kind of disease) can be made through definite tests.
Conclusion: In the context of allegation of parasite as an etiological agent, thorough morphological detection via careful sediment microscopic analysis helps in making early and correct diagnosis in most cases.
{"title":"Parasites Observed in Urine Sediments: A Rare but Convincing Truth","authors":"Forman Erwin Siagian","doi":"10.9734/ajrid/2023/v14i4305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrid/2023/v14i4305","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To reveal the urgency to understand and augment the recognizance of the possibility existence of parasitic materials on cytological evaluation of urine.
 Discussion: Urine is always contemplated as an ideal diagnostic specimen due to its direct and easiness to collect that surely non-invasive. Three common parasites that can be found in urine are Trichomonas vaginalis, Schistosoma hematobium and microfilaria of Wuchereria bancrofti. Other parasites and parasitic ova may also be seen in urinary sediments as a result of fecal or vaginal contamination. Urine Parasitological analysis embraces a wide expansive areas of tests, which comprise an assortment of physico-macroscopic analysis, microscopic analysis on cells and Parasite-bacterial appearance, parasite and microbe cultures, chemical tests, and even can be extended up to molecular identification. Importantly, from urine samples, a confirmed Parasitological diagnosis (and also Microbiology and other kind of disease) can be made through definite tests.
 Conclusion: In the context of allegation of parasite as an etiological agent, thorough morphological detection via careful sediment microscopic analysis helps in making early and correct diagnosis in most cases.","PeriodicalId":166387,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases","volume":"296 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135474936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-03DOI: 10.9734/ajrid/2023/v14i4303
I. Tondé, J. Tranchot-Diallo, D. Kambiré, A. Ky-Ba, M. Tamboura, D. O. Kaboré, R. Paré, F. Aké, M. Zongo, M. Sanou, M. Salou, A. S. Ouédraogo, I. Sanou, L. Sangaré, R. Ouédraogo-Traoré
In Burkina Faso, meningitis is epidemic, pneumococcus, meningococcus and Haemophilus influenzae are the most implicated. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of ABM characterized by PCR and culture in order to highlight the low yield of the culture. This is a prospective study on 26 health districts of surveillance between 2016 and 2019. The CSF sent were cultured, treated by direct PCR, i.e. from CSF without DNA extraction at the National Meningitis Reference Laboratory of Burkina Faso and at the CDC Atlanta. Several series of direct PCR were carried out for species diagnosis (lytA, sodC and hpd), serotyping of meningococcus and serotyping of pneumococcus (capsular genes) and Haemophilus influenzae (capsular genes). Two thousand eight hundred and forty-five (2,845) CSF were treated with 701 positives and a positivity rate of 24.75%. Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae represent respectively 39.2%, 51.9% and 8.9%. The strains of Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae were sensitive to antibiotics except 3 strains of Neisseria meningitidis, resistant to oxacillin. There is a drop in the positivity rate compared to previous years. Pneumococcus remains in the lead with serotype 1 (more than 50%) despite the introduction of PCV13.
{"title":"Diagnosis of Acute Bacterial Meningitis by PCR and the Problem of Isolating the Causative Bacterial Agents by Culture in Burkina Faso","authors":"I. Tondé, J. Tranchot-Diallo, D. Kambiré, A. Ky-Ba, M. Tamboura, D. O. Kaboré, R. Paré, F. Aké, M. Zongo, M. Sanou, M. Salou, A. S. Ouédraogo, I. Sanou, L. Sangaré, R. Ouédraogo-Traoré","doi":"10.9734/ajrid/2023/v14i4303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrid/2023/v14i4303","url":null,"abstract":"In Burkina Faso, meningitis is epidemic, pneumococcus, meningococcus and Haemophilus influenzae are the most implicated. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of ABM characterized by PCR and culture in order to highlight the low yield of the culture. This is a prospective study on 26 health districts of surveillance between 2016 and 2019. The CSF sent were cultured, treated by direct PCR, i.e. from CSF without DNA extraction at the National Meningitis Reference Laboratory of Burkina Faso and at the CDC Atlanta. Several series of direct PCR were carried out for species diagnosis (lytA, sodC and hpd), serotyping of meningococcus and serotyping of pneumococcus (capsular genes) and Haemophilus influenzae (capsular genes). Two thousand eight hundred and forty-five (2,845) CSF were treated with 701 positives and a positivity rate of 24.75%. Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae represent respectively 39.2%, 51.9% and 8.9%. The strains of Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae were sensitive to antibiotics except 3 strains of Neisseria meningitidis, resistant to oxacillin. There is a drop in the positivity rate compared to previous years. Pneumococcus remains in the lead with serotype 1 (more than 50%) despite the introduction of PCV13.","PeriodicalId":166387,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases","volume":"60 1‐2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135868306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-03DOI: 10.9734/ajrid/2023/v14i4302
Hamidatu Banawabali Seidu, Philip Gyaase, Desmond Kuupiel, Ernest Osei
Background: Countries are making progress towards the global goal of 90% of people with HIV knowing their status by 2020 and 95% by 2030. In 2019 about 19% of all those living with HIV worldwide were undiagnosed. The study sought to assess the knowledge of HIV status and preferred testing approach among men in the Bono Region, Ghana.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey involving 403 men aged 18 years and above who were accessing HIV counselling and testing services in seven major health facilities in the Bono region was employed. The data were analysed by using SPSS version 25.0 software with both descriptive and inferential analysis. Data were presented using frequencies, tables and charts. Statistical significance for all testing was set as 0.05.
Results: The results revealed that most of the respondents were below 30 years with mean age of 42.5 and standard deviation of 6.8. The prevalence rate of men who knew their HIV status in the Bono region was 55.6% and the preferred HIV testing approach was self-testing (61.3%). The reasons for the preferred approach was privacy (41%) and the predictor of HIV status was awareness (source of knowledge was significant; OR= 0.67 (95%CI=0.32,1.4); p-value=0.003. The location of the testing facility was statistically significant with OR= 1.66(95%CI=0.94,2.93); p-value=0.002 as well as marital status and occupation of the respondents were also statistically significant with OR=4.86 (95%CI=1.8-79); p-value=0.000 respectively.
Conclusion: The study concludes that if men are exposed to the facts about HIV testing services, the misconception about the disease will be reduced and more men will be involved in the HIV testing services. The study recommends that Policies, interventions and measures on testing should be integrated in a common health problem that brings men to hospitals just as done in women. Management of the health facilities should continue with the education on HIV testing services especially among men who are yet to undertake such services to prevent fear and anxiety. Further study is required to guide a differentiated approach to programmatic interventions. Encourage a similar survey in different region to confirm or disconfirm the findings of this study.
{"title":"Knowledge of Human Immuno Deficiency Virus (HIV) Status and Preferred Testing Approach among Men in Bono Region, Ghana","authors":"Hamidatu Banawabali Seidu, Philip Gyaase, Desmond Kuupiel, Ernest Osei","doi":"10.9734/ajrid/2023/v14i4302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrid/2023/v14i4302","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Countries are making progress towards the global goal of 90% of people with HIV knowing their status by 2020 and 95% by 2030. In 2019 about 19% of all those living with HIV worldwide were undiagnosed. The study sought to assess the knowledge of HIV status and preferred testing approach among men in the Bono Region, Ghana.
 Methods: A cross-sectional survey involving 403 men aged 18 years and above who were accessing HIV counselling and testing services in seven major health facilities in the Bono region was employed. The data were analysed by using SPSS version 25.0 software with both descriptive and inferential analysis. Data were presented using frequencies, tables and charts. Statistical significance for all testing was set as 0.05.
 Results: The results revealed that most of the respondents were below 30 years with mean age of 42.5 and standard deviation of 6.8. The prevalence rate of men who knew their HIV status in the Bono region was 55.6% and the preferred HIV testing approach was self-testing (61.3%). The reasons for the preferred approach was privacy (41%) and the predictor of HIV status was awareness (source of knowledge was significant; OR= 0.67 (95%CI=0.32,1.4); p-value=0.003. The location of the testing facility was statistically significant with OR= 1.66(95%CI=0.94,2.93); p-value=0.002 as well as marital status and occupation of the respondents were also statistically significant with OR=4.86 (95%CI=1.8-79); p-value=0.000 respectively.
 Conclusion: The study concludes that if men are exposed to the facts about HIV testing services, the misconception about the disease will be reduced and more men will be involved in the HIV testing services. The study recommends that Policies, interventions and measures on testing should be integrated in a common health problem that brings men to hospitals just as done in women. Management of the health facilities should continue with the education on HIV testing services especially among men who are yet to undertake such services to prevent fear and anxiety. Further study is required to guide a differentiated approach to programmatic interventions. Encourage a similar survey in different region to confirm or disconfirm the findings of this study.","PeriodicalId":166387,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases","volume":"16 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135867985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-30DOI: 10.9734/ajrid/2023/v14i3301
Juan Pablo Scapini, María Victoria del Rosal, Juan Ignacio Isaac, Ayelen Rodriguez, Damian Ingaramo, Micaela Campora
Aims: To study the rates of SARS-CoV-2 asymptomatic carriage in a young, healthy and full vaccinated population of students in the medical area. Contribute to the knowledge of the dynamics of the endemic and its control.
Study Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study.
Place and Duration of Study: Faculty of Medical Sciences, Instituto Universitario Italiano de Rosario, Argentina, between August and September 2022.
Methodology: 300 students were recruited. An oropharyngeal sample was taken from all the participants who completed an online electronic survey. The sampling period corresponded to weeks of low viral circulation in the province. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 was investigated by real-time RT-PCR.
Results: 72.7% of the participants reported a previous infection. All the participants received at least one dose of vaccine and 56.7% completed a 3-dose schedule. Two of the 300 samples were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. One was classified as presymptomatic since the individual developed compatible symptoms three days after taking the sample. The other case was the only one classified as an asymptomatic carrier, resulting in a SARS-CoV-2 portability rate of 0.33%.
Conclusion: The rate obtained for asymptomatic portability in our study was surprisingly low considering that these groups shared an average of 6 hours a day in closed environments. The risk of person to person spread in this population is extremely low and does not justify the use of masks or social distancing.
{"title":"Asymptomatic Carriage of SARS-CoV-2 in a University Population in Rosario, Argentina","authors":"Juan Pablo Scapini, María Victoria del Rosal, Juan Ignacio Isaac, Ayelen Rodriguez, Damian Ingaramo, Micaela Campora","doi":"10.9734/ajrid/2023/v14i3301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrid/2023/v14i3301","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To study the rates of SARS-CoV-2 asymptomatic carriage in a young, healthy and full vaccinated population of students in the medical area. Contribute to the knowledge of the dynamics of the endemic and its control.
 Study Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study.
 Place and Duration of Study: Faculty of Medical Sciences, Instituto Universitario Italiano de Rosario, Argentina, between August and September 2022.
 Methodology: 300 students were recruited. An oropharyngeal sample was taken from all the participants who completed an online electronic survey. The sampling period corresponded to weeks of low viral circulation in the province. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 was investigated by real-time RT-PCR.
 Results: 72.7% of the participants reported a previous infection. All the participants received at least one dose of vaccine and 56.7% completed a 3-dose schedule. Two of the 300 samples were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. One was classified as presymptomatic since the individual developed compatible symptoms three days after taking the sample. The other case was the only one classified as an asymptomatic carrier, resulting in a SARS-CoV-2 portability rate of 0.33%.
 Conclusion: The rate obtained for asymptomatic portability in our study was surprisingly low considering that these groups shared an average of 6 hours a day in closed environments. The risk of person to person spread in this population is extremely low and does not justify the use of masks or social distancing.","PeriodicalId":166387,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases","volume":"216 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136102354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tuberculosis is a completely curable disease which can affect any part of the body. But rare site TB can lead to diagnostic dilemma as it mimics other conditions. This study aims at identifying cases at an early stage preventing morbidity and mortality associated with the same.
{"title":"Tuberculosis: Masquerade in Otorhinolaryngology","authors":"Arunima Viswakaran Sreelatha, Hetal Marfatia, Pranita Bhagat, Chandrani Chatterjee, None Ramprasath V.","doi":"10.9734/ajrid/2023/v14i3300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrid/2023/v14i3300","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberculosis is a completely curable disease which can affect any part of the body. But rare site TB can lead to diagnostic dilemma as it mimics other conditions. This study aims at identifying cases at an early stage preventing morbidity and mortality associated with the same.","PeriodicalId":166387,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases","volume":"156 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134908400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aims: This study aims to determine the relationship between population density and altitude of the territory and DHF incidence in Yogyakarta City in 2017-2018.
Study Design: The study was designed as an observational cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in Yogyakarta from 2017 to 2018. Methodology: This quantitative study employs an analytic observational cross-sectional design. Moran's I and LISA tests were used to analyze the data.
Results: Based on bivariate Moran's Scatterplot analysis, the density of residents with dengue incidence showed negative spatial autocorrelation (I=-0.308), and the altitude with dengue incidence showed negative spatial autocorrelation (I=-0.128), indicating that the majority of the sub-district was scattered in quadrants II and IV. The LISA density bivariate test results on residents with dengue incidence revealed that the Gondomanan Sub-district has positive autocorrelation (li= 0.30) with a Low-Low quadrant and statistical significance (P-Value=0.040.05). In contrast, Kotagede Sub-district has negative autocorrelation (li=-2.31) with a Low-High quadrant and statistical significance (P-Value=0.000.05). Gondomanan Sub-District has positive autocorrelation (li=0.67) at the Low-Low quadrant and statistical significance (P-Value=0.03 0.05), whereas Kotagede Sub-District has negative autocorrelation (li=-2.86) at the Low-High quadrant and statistical significance (P-Value=0.000.05).
Conclusion: Density residents have a negative autocorrelation with the incidence of DHF in Yogyakarta City. Local spatial density residents with DHF cases were found in the Gondomanan Sub-District with positive spatial autocorrelation. At the same time, Kotagede Sub-District had negative spatial autocorrelation in contrast to an altitude with a global spatial connection toward DHF incidence in Yogyakarta with negative autocorrelation.
{"title":"Spatial Analysis of DHF Cases in Yogyakarta City Based on Population Density and Altitude (2017-2018)","authors":"Ayu Elma Sandi, Ajeng Rahastri, Sulistyawati Sulistyawati","doi":"10.9734/ajrid/2023/v14i3299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrid/2023/v14i3299","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This study aims to determine the relationship between population density and altitude of the territory and DHF incidence in Yogyakarta City in 2017-2018.
 Study Design: The study was designed as an observational cross-sectional study.
 Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in Yogyakarta from 2017 to 2018. Methodology: This quantitative study employs an analytic observational cross-sectional design. Moran's I and LISA tests were used to analyze the data.
 Results: Based on bivariate Moran's Scatterplot analysis, the density of residents with dengue incidence showed negative spatial autocorrelation (I=-0.308), and the altitude with dengue incidence showed negative spatial autocorrelation (I=-0.128), indicating that the majority of the sub-district was scattered in quadrants II and IV. The LISA density bivariate test results on residents with dengue incidence revealed that the Gondomanan Sub-district has positive autocorrelation (li= 0.30) with a Low-Low quadrant and statistical significance (P-Value=0.040.05). In contrast, Kotagede Sub-district has negative autocorrelation (li=-2.31) with a Low-High quadrant and statistical significance (P-Value=0.000.05). Gondomanan Sub-District has positive autocorrelation (li=0.67) at the Low-Low quadrant and statistical significance (P-Value=0.03 0.05), whereas Kotagede Sub-District has negative autocorrelation (li=-2.86) at the Low-High quadrant and statistical significance (P-Value=0.000.05).
 Conclusion: Density residents have a negative autocorrelation with the incidence of DHF in Yogyakarta City. Local spatial density residents with DHF cases were found in the Gondomanan Sub-District with positive spatial autocorrelation. At the same time, Kotagede Sub-District had negative spatial autocorrelation in contrast to an altitude with a global spatial connection toward DHF incidence in Yogyakarta with negative autocorrelation.","PeriodicalId":166387,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135803839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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