Pub Date : 2023-02-27DOI: 10.9734/ajrid/2023/v12i3245
Faeza Fatima, Muntaha Khan, M. Puri, Kamran Chaudhary
The pandemic has led to a major change of focus in the healthcare system. The pandemic that started in December 2019 in Wuhan rapidly became a global health crisis. Pregnant women fall under the high risk category and the infection endangers two lives. Vaccination appeared as the only hope at the peak of pandemic. Materials and Methods: 650 pregnant women at a tertiary care centre in New Delhi were interviewed objectively irrespective of gestational age and educational status. Results and Discussion: 383 women(58.9%) pregnant women were willing to get the vaccine. 267 (41.1%) were not willing to the get the vaccine. 91.5 % women were aware that covid-19 vaccine is available for pregnant women. 90.3% women knew that covid 19 infection can be dangerous for pregnant women. Only 75.7 % women thought covid 19 infection can be dangerous for new born and children. Women who were aware that the infection can be dangerous for pregnant women and newborn were more willing to get the vaccine compared to women who were not aware. Women who thought the vaccine could be harmful for the fetus were reluctant to get the vaccine. Conclusion: Increasing awareness and knowledge in the pregnant population would lead to better vaccine acceptability. Vaccination status among pregnant population is still poor and with better awareness drives we can improve the vaccination statistics. The results can be extrapolated for other health drives and health seeking behavior development.
{"title":"A Study of Perception and Acceptance of COVID 19 Vaccination by Pregnant Women in a Tertiary Health Centre in Delhi, India","authors":"Faeza Fatima, Muntaha Khan, M. Puri, Kamran Chaudhary","doi":"10.9734/ajrid/2023/v12i3245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrid/2023/v12i3245","url":null,"abstract":"The pandemic has led to a major change of focus in the healthcare system. The pandemic that started in December 2019 in Wuhan rapidly became a global health crisis. Pregnant women fall under the high risk category and the infection endangers two lives. Vaccination appeared as the only hope at the peak of pandemic. \u0000Materials and Methods: 650 pregnant women at a tertiary care centre in New Delhi were interviewed objectively irrespective of gestational age and educational status. \u0000Results and Discussion: 383 women(58.9%) pregnant women were willing to get the vaccine. 267 (41.1%) were not willing to the get the vaccine. 91.5 % women were aware that covid-19 vaccine is available for pregnant women. 90.3% women knew that covid 19 infection can be dangerous for pregnant women. Only 75.7 % women thought covid 19 infection can be dangerous for new born and children. Women who were aware that the infection can be dangerous for pregnant women and newborn were more willing to get the vaccine compared to women who were not aware. Women who thought the vaccine could be harmful for the fetus were reluctant to get the vaccine. \u0000Conclusion: Increasing awareness and knowledge in the pregnant population would lead to better vaccine acceptability. Vaccination status among pregnant population is still poor and with better awareness drives we can improve the vaccination statistics. The results can be extrapolated for other health drives and health seeking behavior development.","PeriodicalId":166387,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126589637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-21DOI: 10.9734/ajrid/2023/v12i3244
S. Bhairy, Alfiha Momin, Mugdha Pednekar, D. Madan, Ashraf Shaikh, R. Bankar, Subrahmanyam Pitchika
The Trans ungual drug delivery (TUDD) system involves the delivery of drugs through the hard keratinized nail plate. Topical treatment is ideal for treating nail diseases because it has localized effects, resulting in fewer systemic side effects and perhaps better adherence. Conventional formulations have failed to promote nail adhesion and medication absorption due to the nail's highly keratinized hydrophilic nature, which obstructs drug absorption. Systemic therapy has several side effects and a high rate of recurrence, whereas surgery is painful and invasive. As a result, there is a definite need to design an efficient TUDD system that allows antifungals to penetrate the nail and reach the infection site at a sufficient concentration and for a longer period of action to eliminate the infection. The system also avoids the oral toxicity of drugs. Several techniques, including physical, chemical, and mechanical, are employed to increase medication penetration over the nail plate. To increase nail adherence, therapeutic action, and bioavailability, several innovative formulation techniques are being researched, including the use of penetration enhancers in traditional dosage forms (gel, solution), novel dosage forms such as films, nail lacquer, and nanotechnology.
{"title":"A Note on the Current Status of the Trans-ungual Delivery of Poorly Soluble Drugs at a Glance: Formulation Perspective","authors":"S. Bhairy, Alfiha Momin, Mugdha Pednekar, D. Madan, Ashraf Shaikh, R. Bankar, Subrahmanyam Pitchika","doi":"10.9734/ajrid/2023/v12i3244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrid/2023/v12i3244","url":null,"abstract":"The Trans ungual drug delivery (TUDD) system involves the delivery of drugs through the hard keratinized nail plate. Topical treatment is ideal for treating nail diseases because it has localized effects, resulting in fewer systemic side effects and perhaps better adherence. Conventional formulations have failed to promote nail adhesion and medication absorption due to the nail's highly keratinized hydrophilic nature, which obstructs drug absorption. Systemic therapy has several side effects and a high rate of recurrence, whereas surgery is painful and invasive. As a result, there is a definite need to design an efficient TUDD system that allows antifungals to penetrate the nail and reach the infection site at a sufficient concentration and for a longer period of action to eliminate the infection. The system also avoids the oral toxicity of drugs. Several techniques, including physical, chemical, and mechanical, are employed to increase medication penetration over the nail plate. To increase nail adherence, therapeutic action, and bioavailability, several innovative formulation techniques are being researched, including the use of penetration enhancers in traditional dosage forms (gel, solution), novel dosage forms such as films, nail lacquer, and nanotechnology.","PeriodicalId":166387,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases","volume":"192 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117166516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.9734/ajrid/2023/v12i2241
J. J. Sheely
Coronavirus Disease-2019 is a new life-threatening, quickly-spreadable pandemic disease. It is a huge family of viruses known to cause sickness from breathing trouble, fever, fatigue, cough, sore throat, breathlessness, and common cold to the continuation of acute respiratory tract infection and the severity of the infection sometimes visible as pneumonia, acute respiratory syndrome and even death. The disease is commonly known as COVID-19. Since December 2019, Covid-19 emerged in Hunan seafood market at Wuhan in South China and rapidly spreading throughout the world, the virus epidemic has been proclaimed a public health emergency of International concern by World Health Organization (WHO). An exceedingly infectious potential for spreading resulted in the universal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in 2020. Though some specialists cast doubts that the virus is transmitted from animals to humans, there are mixed results on the origin of coronavirus. In this review, we go through the history of covid-19, virus life cycle, diagnosis, and prevention with reference to the historical coronavirus pandemic in 2002.
{"title":"A Review of Covid-19 Detailed Study of History, Life Cycle, Diagnosis and Prevention of Corona Virus","authors":"J. J. Sheely","doi":"10.9734/ajrid/2023/v12i2241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrid/2023/v12i2241","url":null,"abstract":"Coronavirus Disease-2019 is a new life-threatening, quickly-spreadable pandemic disease. It is a huge family of viruses known to cause sickness from breathing trouble, fever, fatigue, cough, sore throat, breathlessness, and common cold to the continuation of acute respiratory tract infection and the severity of the infection sometimes visible as pneumonia, acute respiratory syndrome and even death. The disease is commonly known as COVID-19. Since December 2019, Covid-19 emerged in Hunan seafood market at Wuhan in South China and rapidly spreading throughout the world, the virus epidemic has been proclaimed a public health emergency of International concern by World Health Organization (WHO). An exceedingly infectious potential for spreading resulted in the universal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in 2020. Though some specialists cast doubts that the virus is transmitted from animals to humans, there are mixed results on the origin of coronavirus. In this review, we go through the history of covid-19, virus life cycle, diagnosis, and prevention with reference to the historical coronavirus pandemic in 2002.","PeriodicalId":166387,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124036193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.9734/ajrid/2023/v12i2240
Akashkumar N Singh, N. Singh, S. Tatineni
The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected many countries across the globe both socially and economically and continues to be a major concern to the healthcare system. The majority of the patient groups that were affected were elderly patients and patients with existing co-morbidities such as such as diabetes; hypertension; cardiovascular disease; lung, liver, and kidney disease; cancer patients on chemotherapy; smokers; transplant recipients; and patients taking steroids etc. who were highly vulnerable and susceptible to the infection. Various protective measures such as quarantine from confirmed and suspected cases, nationwide lockdowns, etc., have been implemented in all the affected countries to contain the spread of the virus. Efforts have also been made to develop effective therapeutic strategies to stop the spread of the disease and minimize its high rates of morbidity and mortality especially considering the rapid evolution of the virus giving rise to different variants. A systematic review of the various guidelines published by well-known organizations such as Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) and the Ministry of Health (MoH) India and International organizations such as the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), National Institute of Health (NIH), and World Health Organization (WHO), for the management of COVID-19, was performed and a side-by-side comparison of various important aspects of these guidelines is presented in this review article. The review results showed that, despite minor differences in the terminology used for severity classification, SpO2 levels, quarantine period, and criteria of severity classification these guidelines were mostly similar pertaining to the clinical signs and symptoms of COVID-19, diagnosis and testing criteria, criteria for severity classification, preliminary advice, risk factors, isolation, and methods of prevention of spread – criteria for home quarantine, use of face mask, social distancing, etc. While the majority of the differences noted were mainly in the COVID-19 management strategies and/or treatment recommendations. Overall, besides the limitations, the various guidelines as discussed in this article can still serve as an important tool to healthcare workers and caregivers by providing adequate guidance on the right management of COVID-19 at that time.
{"title":"Review of COVID-19 Management Guidelines","authors":"Akashkumar N Singh, N. Singh, S. Tatineni","doi":"10.9734/ajrid/2023/v12i2240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrid/2023/v12i2240","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected many countries across the globe both socially and economically and continues to be a major concern to the healthcare system. The majority of the patient groups that were affected were elderly patients and patients with existing co-morbidities such as such as diabetes; hypertension; cardiovascular disease; lung, liver, and kidney disease; cancer patients on chemotherapy; smokers; transplant recipients; and patients taking steroids etc. who were highly vulnerable and susceptible to the infection. Various protective measures such as quarantine from confirmed and suspected cases, nationwide lockdowns, etc., have been implemented in all the affected countries to contain the spread of the virus. Efforts have also been made to develop effective therapeutic strategies to stop the spread of the disease and minimize its high rates of morbidity and mortality especially considering the rapid evolution of the virus giving rise to different variants. A systematic review of the various guidelines published by well-known organizations such as Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) and the Ministry of Health (MoH) India and International organizations such as the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), National Institute of Health (NIH), and World Health Organization (WHO), for the management of COVID-19, was performed and a side-by-side comparison of various important aspects of these guidelines is presented in this review article. The review results showed that, despite minor differences in the terminology used for severity classification, SpO2 levels, quarantine period, and criteria of severity classification these guidelines were mostly similar pertaining to the clinical signs and symptoms of COVID-19, diagnosis and testing criteria, criteria for severity classification, preliminary advice, risk factors, isolation, and methods of prevention of spread – criteria for home quarantine, use of face mask, social distancing, etc. While the majority of the differences noted were mainly in the COVID-19 management strategies and/or treatment recommendations. Overall, besides the limitations, the various guidelines as discussed in this article can still serve as an important tool to healthcare workers and caregivers by providing adequate guidance on the right management of COVID-19 at that time.","PeriodicalId":166387,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases","volume":"259 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116208360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.9734/ajrid/2023/v12i2238
Ugochukwu Samuel Aguwa, Izuchukwu Azuka Okafor, Echezona Ejike Udokanma, Ikechukwu Jude Okolie, Okonkwo David Izuchukwu, Felix Ovie Ogbo, Chioma Dorothy Nwosu, Adline Uchechi Aguwa
Background: Vaccine programmes' success lies in the acceptability and understanding of vaccine concerns among diverse population groups. This study investigates the covid-19 vaccination concerns among Nigerian youths. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 631 youths (343 females and 270 males) between 15-44 years who were randomly recruited online and offline from the six geo-political regions of Nigeria. The questionnaire was administered between 10 February and 15 March 2021. SPSS (Chi-square and Cramer's V Statistic) was used to determine the association (p<0.05)between covid-19 vaccination concerns and participants' demographic characteristics. Results: Among the 12 identified covid-19 vaccination concerns, side-effects (p=0.037), not necessary (p=0.007), negative reaction to vaccines (p=0.026) and assumed non-exposure to covid-19 patients (p=0.004),, were statistically associated with gender. For age, efficacy doubt (p=0.023), political/economic construct (p=0.023), family disapproval (p=0.018), and non-exposure to covid-19 patients (p=0.000) were statistically significant. Efficacy doubt (p=0.029) and the vaccine is a hoax (p=0.020) were associated with marital status. Side effect (p=0.182), a mere human experiment (p=0.777), doubt on efficacy (p=0.305), not necessary (p=0.457), political/economic construct (p=0.673), negative reaction to vaccine (p=0.162), and the vaccine may not be affordable (p=0.506) were not associated with the occupation. For the level of education, side effects (p=0.140), a mere human experiment (p=0.580), efficacy doubt (p=0.243), and negative reaction to the vaccine (p=0.386). Conclusion: Amongst youths in developing nations, especially in institutions of learning, health promotion and vaccine advocacy strategies should be intensified. The strategies should incorporate reinstating trust in vaccine efficacy and education and target youths and their family health decision-makers.
{"title":"COVID-19 Vaccination Concerns: Perspectives of Youths in a Developing Nation's Context","authors":"Ugochukwu Samuel Aguwa, Izuchukwu Azuka Okafor, Echezona Ejike Udokanma, Ikechukwu Jude Okolie, Okonkwo David Izuchukwu, Felix Ovie Ogbo, Chioma Dorothy Nwosu, Adline Uchechi Aguwa","doi":"10.9734/ajrid/2023/v12i2238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrid/2023/v12i2238","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Vaccine programmes' success lies in the acceptability and understanding of vaccine concerns among diverse population groups. This study investigates the covid-19 vaccination concerns among Nigerian youths. \u0000Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 631 youths (343 females and 270 males) between 15-44 years who were randomly recruited online and offline from the six geo-political regions of Nigeria. The questionnaire was administered between 10 February and 15 March 2021. SPSS (Chi-square and Cramer's V Statistic) was used to determine the association (p<0.05)between covid-19 vaccination concerns and participants' demographic characteristics. \u0000Results: Among the 12 identified covid-19 vaccination concerns, side-effects (p=0.037), not necessary (p=0.007), negative reaction to vaccines (p=0.026) and assumed non-exposure to covid-19 patients (p=0.004),, were statistically associated with gender. For age, efficacy doubt (p=0.023), political/economic construct (p=0.023), family disapproval (p=0.018), and non-exposure to covid-19 patients (p=0.000) were statistically significant. Efficacy doubt (p=0.029) and the vaccine is a hoax (p=0.020) were associated with marital status. Side effect (p=0.182), a mere human experiment (p=0.777), doubt on efficacy (p=0.305), not necessary (p=0.457), political/economic construct (p=0.673), negative reaction to vaccine (p=0.162), and the vaccine may not be affordable (p=0.506) were not associated with the occupation. For the level of education, side effects (p=0.140), a mere human experiment (p=0.580), efficacy doubt (p=0.243), and negative reaction to the vaccine (p=0.386). \u0000Conclusion: Amongst youths in developing nations, especially in institutions of learning, health promotion and vaccine advocacy strategies should be intensified. The strategies should incorporate reinstating trust in vaccine efficacy and education and target youths and their family health decision-makers. ","PeriodicalId":166387,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124099140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.9734/ajrid/2023/v12i2239
P. Eniowo, A. Kareem, Akinbowale R. Eniowo, E. Adejuyigbe, Korede O. Oluwatuyi, Opeyemi O. Akinmadelo
Introduction: Neonatal sepsis is a major cause of morbidity/mortality and the definitive diagnosis is an isolation of the pathogen from blood culture which might take 2-7 days. A test for early confirmation of infection is therefore required. C-reactive protein (CRP) is therefore suggested as an early screening tool in the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. Aim: To determine the usefulness of CRP in the early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis among neonates. Study design: This was a prospective longitudinal study. Place of the study: Department of Paediatrics, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex Ile-Ife. Methods: Consecutive neonates were recruited. Blood culture was done and CRP was done at contact and 24 hours. Data were analysed and P = .05 was considered significant. Results: A total of 180 neonates comprising 106 (58.9%) males with a male to female ratio of 1.4:1 were studied. Thirty-two (17.8%) of the neonates had culture-proven sepsis with a prevalence of 10.1% among the inborn and 23.8% among the out-born with statistically significant difference (χ2 = 5.638, P = .018). The means of initial and repeat CRP for subjects with culture-proven sepsis were 41.4 (23.6) mg/l and 10.6 (4.3) mg/l respectively while subjects without sepsis were 9.2 (11.3) mg/l and 6.1 (2.6) mg/l respectively (P < .001). The CRP has a sensitivity of 93.8%, specificity 91.9%, negative predictive value 98.6%, and positive predictive value of 71.4%. The area under the curve for the receiver operator characteristic curve for subjects with CRP ≥ 10mg/L and positive culture was 0.909 (P < .001). Conclusion: The CRP has a high sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value and can therefore be used to screen neonates with sepsis.
{"title":"C-Reactive Protein as an Index of Early Diagnosis of Neonatal Sepsis","authors":"P. Eniowo, A. Kareem, Akinbowale R. Eniowo, E. Adejuyigbe, Korede O. Oluwatuyi, Opeyemi O. Akinmadelo","doi":"10.9734/ajrid/2023/v12i2239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrid/2023/v12i2239","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Neonatal sepsis is a major cause of morbidity/mortality and the definitive diagnosis is an isolation of the pathogen from blood culture which might take 2-7 days. A test for early confirmation of infection is therefore required. C-reactive protein (CRP) is therefore suggested as an early screening tool in the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. \u0000Aim: To determine the usefulness of CRP in the early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis among neonates. \u0000Study design: This was a prospective longitudinal study. \u0000Place of the study: Department of Paediatrics, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex Ile-Ife. \u0000Methods: Consecutive neonates were recruited. Blood culture was done and CRP was done at contact and 24 hours. Data were analysed and P = .05 was considered significant. \u0000Results: A total of 180 neonates comprising 106 (58.9%) males with a male to female ratio of 1.4:1 were studied. Thirty-two (17.8%) of the neonates had culture-proven sepsis with a prevalence of 10.1% among the inborn and 23.8% among the out-born with statistically significant difference (χ2 = 5.638, P = .018). The means of initial and repeat CRP for subjects with culture-proven sepsis were 41.4 (23.6) mg/l and 10.6 (4.3) mg/l respectively while subjects without sepsis were 9.2 (11.3) mg/l and 6.1 (2.6) mg/l respectively (P < .001). The CRP has a sensitivity of 93.8%, specificity 91.9%, negative predictive value 98.6%, and positive predictive value of 71.4%. The area under the curve for the receiver operator characteristic curve for subjects with CRP ≥ 10mg/L and positive culture was 0.909 (P < .001). \u0000Conclusion: The CRP has a high sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value and can therefore be used to screen neonates with sepsis.","PeriodicalId":166387,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124104877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-25DOI: 10.9734/ajrid/2023/v12i2237
Rakshita Ramesh Bhat, A. Gangoli, H. Kumar
Aims: Cysticercosis is a zoonotic disease caused by encysted larvae of the nematode Taenia solium. It can have variable clinical presentations, neurocysticercosis being the most common among them. Extraneural cysticercosis is relatively rare. Among them, isolated cysticercosis of the breast is extremely rare and medical literature in its entirety describes but a few cases of isolated cysticercosis of the breast. They can be easily mistaken for a fibroadenoma or breast malignancy. This may lead to an undue psychological burden on patients. Hence, properly diagnosing cysticercosis of the breast is essential in alleviating this burden to some extent. We encountered one such case when a patient presented with multiple painless lumps in the right breast. Presentation of Case: A 57-year-old female presented with multiple painless lumps in the right breast. On clinical examination, she was suspected to have numerous small fibroadenomas. She was sent for mammography in which two lesions showed features suggestive of fibroadenoma and the third, of an inflammatory abscess or inflammatory malignancy. She subsequently underwent a core biopsy and the histopathology report revealed that she had cysticercosis of breast. Discussion: Cysticercosis is a parasitic infection caused by the pork tapeworm.This case highlights the rarity and significance of properly diagnosing cysticercosis of breast. Mammography, high-resolution ultrasound or MRI can aid in the diagnosis. Definitive diagnosis is established by histopathological examination. Conclusion: Cysticercosis is a major public health problem, especially in the developing world. It must be given due consideration as a possible differential diagnosis in patients presenting with breast lumps in areas of high prevalence.
{"title":"Detection of a Case of Cysticercosis of the Breast: A Case Report","authors":"Rakshita Ramesh Bhat, A. Gangoli, H. Kumar","doi":"10.9734/ajrid/2023/v12i2237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrid/2023/v12i2237","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Cysticercosis is a zoonotic disease caused by encysted larvae of the nematode Taenia solium. It can have variable clinical presentations, neurocysticercosis being the most common among them. Extraneural cysticercosis is relatively rare. Among them, isolated cysticercosis of the breast is extremely rare and medical literature in its entirety describes but a few cases of isolated cysticercosis of the breast. They can be easily mistaken for a fibroadenoma or breast malignancy. This may lead to an undue psychological burden on patients. Hence, properly diagnosing cysticercosis of the breast is essential in alleviating this burden to some extent. We encountered one such case when a patient presented with multiple painless lumps in the right breast. \u0000Presentation of Case: A 57-year-old female presented with multiple painless lumps in the right breast. On clinical examination, she was suspected to have numerous small fibroadenomas. She was sent for mammography in which two lesions showed features suggestive of fibroadenoma and the third, of an inflammatory abscess or inflammatory malignancy. She subsequently underwent a core biopsy and the histopathology report revealed that she had cysticercosis of breast. \u0000Discussion: Cysticercosis is a parasitic infection caused by the pork tapeworm.This case highlights the rarity and significance of properly diagnosing cysticercosis of breast. Mammography, high-resolution ultrasound or MRI can aid in the diagnosis. Definitive diagnosis is established by histopathological examination. \u0000Conclusion: Cysticercosis is a major public health problem, especially in the developing world. It must be given due consideration as a possible differential diagnosis in patients presenting with breast lumps in areas of high prevalence.","PeriodicalId":166387,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127477856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-20DOI: 10.9734/ajrid/2023/v12i1236
B. Ndiaye, A. Diop, Rama Gaye, Lauriane Koko Marcel Koumondji, Thierno Abdoulaye Diallo, C. Mahou, A. Ba, A. Seck
Introduction: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is an imbalance of the vaginal flora that most commonly affects women of childbearing age. It is characterised by discomfort due to vaginal discharge and is associated with serious complications in women. We aimed to determine the prevalence of BV and its risk factors. Methodology: We conducted a prospective cross-sectional descriptive study in November 2020 at the Pasteur Institute of Dakar among women who were seen for vaginal sampling. We collected the following parameters: age, parity, history of infection, pregnancy and contraception. VB was diagnosed using the Amsel criteria and the Nugent score. Scoring is based on the presence of different bacterial morphotypes where a score ≥ 7 indicates the presence of BV, 4-6 indicates intermediate flora and 0- 3 normal flora. Analysis was performed using SPSS version 20.0.A statistically significant difference between the occurrence of bacterial vaginosis and a risk factor was retained for a p value < 0.05. Results: A total of 236 patients were included with a median age of 38 years. The prevalence of BV was 20.3%. It was more prevalent in women aged between [30-40 years] (28/101, 27.7%) followed by the age group [20-30 years] (13/51, 25.5%) with a statistically significant difference (p=0.0001).VB was more prevalent in nulliparous or primiparous women (28/118, 23.7%) and in those with no history of vaginal infections (20/83, 24.1%). Pregnant women and women without contraception were more affected with respectively (12/42, 28.6%) and (43/199, 21.6%). No relationship was found between BV and these previous potential risk factors. Conclusion: BV is a very common condition in women of childbearing age. Its complexity motivates numerous researches in order to elucidate its real implication in the occurrence of adverse gynecological conditions.
{"title":"Bacterial Vaginosis: Prevalence and Risk Factors among Women in Dakar, Senegal","authors":"B. Ndiaye, A. Diop, Rama Gaye, Lauriane Koko Marcel Koumondji, Thierno Abdoulaye Diallo, C. Mahou, A. Ba, A. Seck","doi":"10.9734/ajrid/2023/v12i1236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrid/2023/v12i1236","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is an imbalance of the vaginal flora that most commonly affects women of childbearing age. It is characterised by discomfort due to vaginal discharge and is associated with serious complications in women. We aimed to determine the prevalence of BV and its risk factors. \u0000Methodology: We conducted a prospective cross-sectional descriptive study in November 2020 at the Pasteur Institute of Dakar among women who were seen for vaginal sampling. We collected the following parameters: age, parity, history of infection, pregnancy and contraception. VB was diagnosed using the Amsel criteria and the Nugent score. Scoring is based on the presence of different bacterial morphotypes where a score ≥ 7 indicates the presence of BV, 4-6 indicates intermediate flora and 0- 3 normal flora. Analysis was performed using SPSS version 20.0.A statistically significant difference between the occurrence of bacterial vaginosis and a risk factor was retained for a p value < 0.05. \u0000Results: A total of 236 patients were included with a median age of 38 years. The prevalence of BV was 20.3%. It was more prevalent in women aged between [30-40 years] (28/101, 27.7%) followed by the age group [20-30 years] (13/51, 25.5%) with a statistically significant difference (p=0.0001).VB was more prevalent in nulliparous or primiparous women (28/118, 23.7%) and in those with no history of vaginal infections (20/83, 24.1%). Pregnant women and women without contraception were more affected with respectively (12/42, 28.6%) and (43/199, 21.6%). No relationship was found between BV and these previous potential risk factors. \u0000Conclusion: BV is a very common condition in women of childbearing age. Its complexity motivates numerous researches in order to elucidate its real implication in the occurrence of adverse gynecological conditions.","PeriodicalId":166387,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117322414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-17DOI: 10.9734/ajrid/2023/v12i1235
I. Edward, G. Ibrahim, M. Kabiru, E. Ikeh
Introduction: Acute infection of Toxoplasma gondii can be transmitted during pregnancy to the foetus vertically which may cause congenital complications like abortion, stillbirth, visual impairment, seizure, hearing impairment and neurological disorders. Methodology: A total of 357 pregnant women were screened using ELISA method for acute Toxoplasma gondii (IgM). Result: The investigation however shows a prevalence of 2.8% (IgM). Ages 16-20 and 26-30 years have the highest prevalence of 3(0.8%) positive. While ages 21-25 and 31-35 years have prevalence of 2(0.6%) positive. However ages 36-40 years are all negative. (p> 0.05).This did not show any statistical significant with the age groups. Northern Senatorial zone has the highest prevalence of 8(2.6%) followed by the Central Senatorial zone with 2(0.2%) while the Southern zone shows no acute Toxoplasmosis,(p <0.05) hence it shows statistical significant. Women in their second trimesters have the highest prevalence of 7(2.0%) followed by first trimesters with prevalence of 2(0.6%) and third trimester with prevalence of 1(0.2%) positive, however it is not statistical significant (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Therefore the chance of acquiring acute infection of T. gondii is possible during pregnancy and would have potential tragic outcomes for the mother and new-born despite the fact that it can be prevented. The need for aggressive awareness and necessary facilities available for screening of T. gondii during antenatal clinic is necessary.
{"title":"Acute Toxoplasmosis among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic in Kaduna State","authors":"I. Edward, G. Ibrahim, M. Kabiru, E. Ikeh","doi":"10.9734/ajrid/2023/v12i1235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrid/2023/v12i1235","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Acute infection of Toxoplasma gondii can be transmitted during pregnancy to the foetus vertically which may cause congenital complications like abortion, stillbirth, visual impairment, seizure, hearing impairment and neurological disorders. Methodology: A total of 357 pregnant women were screened using ELISA method for acute Toxoplasma gondii (IgM). Result: The investigation however shows a prevalence of 2.8% (IgM). Ages 16-20 and 26-30 years have the highest prevalence of 3(0.8%) positive. While ages 21-25 and 31-35 years have prevalence of 2(0.6%) positive. However ages 36-40 years are all negative. (p> 0.05).This did not show any statistical significant with the age groups. Northern Senatorial zone has the highest prevalence of 8(2.6%) followed by the Central Senatorial zone with 2(0.2%) while the Southern zone shows no acute Toxoplasmosis,(p <0.05) hence it shows statistical significant. Women in their second trimesters have the highest prevalence of 7(2.0%) followed by first trimesters with prevalence of 2(0.6%) and third trimester with prevalence of 1(0.2%) positive, however it is not statistical significant (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Therefore the chance of acquiring acute infection of T. gondii is possible during pregnancy and would have potential tragic outcomes for the mother and new-born despite the fact that it can be prevented. The need for aggressive awareness and necessary facilities available for screening of T. gondii during antenatal clinic is necessary.","PeriodicalId":166387,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126647576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-12DOI: 10.9734/ajrid/2023/v12i1234
Onyinye Lovette Nomeh, Obodoechi Ijeoma Federica, Ofonmbuk Victor Joseph, Ezeh Chinonyelum Moneth, Rebecca Chinenye Ogba, Ohadoma Angela Nkechi, I. Peter, Peace Oluchi Akpu, C. I. Edemekong, I. Iroha
Background and Objectives: Carbapenemase-producing bacteria are super bugs that make Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) difficult to treat with drug of last resort such as carbapenem and other antibiotic thus limiting the treatment options. Carbapenemase production is increasing in clinical isolates of E. coli and K. pneumoniae, their potential to spread widely among patients necessitates molecular detection of carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae implicated in Urinary Tract Infection. Methodology: A total of twelve (12) non-repeated clinical isolate of Escherichia coli (E1, E2, E3, E4, E5, E6, E7) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K8, K9, K10, K11, K12) were selected based on their in vitro phenotypic resistant to carbapenem antibiotics from patients diagnosed with urinary tract infection at Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki (AE-FEUTHA) Ebonyi Sate Nigeria. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were further confirmed using standard routine microbiological technique for isolation and identification of bacteria. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains were further screen for carbapenemase-producing gene by PCR specific primer. Result: PCR analysis with specific primer for carbapenemase gene revealed the presence and predominant of blaKPC in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae 12(100 %) followed by blaNDM 11(91.7 %), blaIMP 7(58.3 %) and blaVIM 2(16.7) as the least carbapenemase-producing gene in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. blaKPC was predominant in Escherichia coli 7(58.3 %) followed by blaNDM 6(50.0 %) and blaIMP 5(41.7 %) while both blaOXA and blaVIM (16.7 %) were the least detected carbapenemase gene. Klebsiella pneumoniae harbor high proportion of blaNDM and blaKPC both recording 5(41.7 %) followed by blaOXA and blaIMP both recording 2(16.7 %) but blaVIM gene was not identified in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Conclusion: The current findings highlight the occurrence of carbapenemase-producing gene in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae implicated in UTI. Since these genes are carried on the bacteria plasmid there is a tendency of cross-species dissemination over time. The detection of carbapenemase-producing gene call for prompt epidemiological surveillance and preventive strategies to limit the spread of these carbapenemase resistant genetic determinant and the need for antibiotic susceptibility testing of available antibiotic agent.
背景与目的:产碳青霉烯酶细菌是一种超级细菌，它使尿路感染难以用碳青霉烯类药物和其他抗生素等最后手段治疗，从而限制了治疗选择。大肠杆菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的临床分离株碳青霉烯酶产量正在增加，它们在患者中广泛传播的潜力需要对与尿路感染有关的产碳青霉烯酶的大肠杆菌和肺炎克雷伯菌进行分子检测。方法:从尼日利亚埃邦伊州Abakaliki Alex Ekwueme联邦大学教学医院(AE-FEUTHA)诊断为尿路感染的患者中筛选出12株非重复临床分离株大肠埃希菌(E1、E2、E3、E4、E5、E6、E7)和肺炎克雷伯菌(K8、K9、K10、K11、K12)，根据其体外表型对碳青霉烯类抗生素耐药。采用标准常规微生物学技术分离鉴定大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌。利用PCR特异性引物进一步筛选大肠杆菌和肺炎克雷伯菌产碳青霉烯酶基因。结果:碳青霉烯酶基因特异性引物PCR分析结果显示，blaKPC在大肠杆菌和肺炎克雷伯菌12中存在并优势表达(100%)，其次是blandm11(91.7%)、blaim7(58.3%)和blavim2(16.7%)，是大肠杆菌和肺炎克雷伯菌中产碳青霉烯酶最少的基因。碳青霉烯酶基因blaKPC在大肠杆菌7(58.3%)中含量最高，其次是blandm6(50.0%)和blaimp5 (41.7%)， blaOXA和blaVIM(16.7%)含量最低。肺炎克雷伯菌中blaNDM和blaKPC基因比例较高，均为5个(41.7%)，其次是blaxa和blaIMP基因，均为2个(16.7%)，而blaVIM基因未在肺炎克雷伯菌中检测到。结论:目前的研究结果表明，碳青霉烯酶产生基因在大肠杆菌和肺炎克雷伯菌中与尿路感染有关。由于这些基因携带在细菌质粒上，随着时间的推移，有跨物种传播的趋势。碳青霉烯酶产生基因的检测需要及时开展流行病学监测和预防策略，以限制这些碳青霉烯酶耐药遗传决定因素的传播，并需要对现有抗生素进行药敏试验。
{"title":"Detection of Carbapenemase-Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Implicated in Urinary Tract Infection","authors":"Onyinye Lovette Nomeh, Obodoechi Ijeoma Federica, Ofonmbuk Victor Joseph, Ezeh Chinonyelum Moneth, Rebecca Chinenye Ogba, Ohadoma Angela Nkechi, I. Peter, Peace Oluchi Akpu, C. I. Edemekong, I. Iroha","doi":"10.9734/ajrid/2023/v12i1234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrid/2023/v12i1234","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objectives: Carbapenemase-producing bacteria are super bugs that make Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) difficult to treat with drug of last resort such as carbapenem and other antibiotic thus limiting the treatment options. Carbapenemase production is increasing in clinical isolates of E. coli and K. pneumoniae, their potential to spread widely among patients necessitates molecular detection of carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae implicated in Urinary Tract Infection. \u0000Methodology: A total of twelve (12) non-repeated clinical isolate of Escherichia coli (E1, E2, E3, E4, E5, E6, E7) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K8, K9, K10, K11, K12) were selected based on their in vitro phenotypic resistant to carbapenem antibiotics from patients diagnosed with urinary tract infection at Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki (AE-FEUTHA) Ebonyi Sate Nigeria. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were further confirmed using standard routine microbiological technique for isolation and identification of bacteria. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains were further screen for carbapenemase-producing gene by PCR specific primer. \u0000Result: PCR analysis with specific primer for carbapenemase gene revealed the presence and predominant of blaKPC in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae 12(100 %) followed by blaNDM 11(91.7 %), blaIMP 7(58.3 %) and blaVIM 2(16.7) as the least carbapenemase-producing gene in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. blaKPC was predominant in Escherichia coli 7(58.3 %) followed by blaNDM 6(50.0 %) and blaIMP 5(41.7 %) while both blaOXA and blaVIM (16.7 %) were the least detected carbapenemase gene. Klebsiella pneumoniae harbor high proportion of blaNDM and blaKPC both recording 5(41.7 %) followed by blaOXA and blaIMP both recording 2(16.7 %) but blaVIM gene was not identified in Klebsiella pneumoniae. \u0000Conclusion: The current findings highlight the occurrence of carbapenemase-producing gene in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae implicated in UTI. Since these genes are carried on the bacteria plasmid there is a tendency of cross-species dissemination over time. The detection of carbapenemase-producing gene call for prompt epidemiological surveillance and preventive strategies to limit the spread of these carbapenemase resistant genetic determinant and the need for antibiotic susceptibility testing of available antibiotic agent.","PeriodicalId":166387,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129729058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：