Pub Date : 2023-08-07DOI: 10.9734/ajrid/2023/v14i2288
Jemima Islam, Mir Wasim Ali, S. Chowdhury, Soumyadip Rakshit, Md Karimulla Mondal, Anup Kumar Datta, K. Banerjee, Soumitra Ghosh
Cryptococcosis is the fungal infection caused by the yeast that belongs to the cryptococcus species which is divided into two broad categories, Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. Cryptococcosis is the opportunistic infection in the immunocompromised individual, particularly in HIV infected individual. In immunocompetent individuals, there may be serological evidence of cryptococcal infection, but cryptococcal disease is very rare in the absence of impaired immunity. Here we are reporting a case of disseminated cryptococcosis (multiple cold abscesses, sacroiliitis and asymptomatic pulmonary nodules) in an immunocompetent patient, which was initially thought to be mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.
{"title":"Disseminated Cryptococcosis in an Immunocompetent Patient: A Case Study","authors":"Jemima Islam, Mir Wasim Ali, S. Chowdhury, Soumyadip Rakshit, Md Karimulla Mondal, Anup Kumar Datta, K. Banerjee, Soumitra Ghosh","doi":"10.9734/ajrid/2023/v14i2288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrid/2023/v14i2288","url":null,"abstract":"Cryptococcosis is the fungal infection caused by the yeast that belongs to the cryptococcus species which is divided into two broad categories, Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. Cryptococcosis is the opportunistic infection in the immunocompromised individual, particularly in HIV infected individual. In immunocompetent individuals, there may be serological evidence of cryptococcal infection, but cryptococcal disease is very rare in the absence of impaired immunity. Here we are reporting a case of disseminated cryptococcosis (multiple cold abscesses, sacroiliitis and asymptomatic pulmonary nodules) in an immunocompetent patient, which was initially thought to be mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.","PeriodicalId":166387,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases","volume":"330 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133809393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.9734/ajrid/2023/v14i2287
M. Ghafoor
Objective: The study has been carried to find impact of lockdown on spread of COVID-19 by evaluating number of affected cases in lockdown and post-lockdown period. The study was conducted to analyse whether lockdown has limited spread of disease or otherwise. Methods: The study has been conducted retrospectively between 23rd March 2020 to 12th November 2020 on number of affected cases reported in Daily Jang Newspaper of Pakistan. Since lockdown period was 47 days, therefore data was collected in multiple of 47 days to evaluate results in lockdown and post lock down period. Results: Immediately after lockdown data has shown an increase in percentage (47.04), increase of affected cases (531.46), growth factor (6.31) and frequency of distribution (164244). Lower incidence was observed in lockdown with a number of 26010 bearing percentage of 7.45. Conclusion: The lockdown has limited spread of new viral disease (SARS-CoV-2) with reduced number of affected cases and huge increase in number of cases were observed immediately after lockdown. The number of affected cases were found to be subsequently reduced unless start of second phase of pandemic. On removing limitations due to lock down growth factor and frequency of distribution also indicate higher incidence of new viral disease.
{"title":"Impact of Lockdown on COVID-19 Affected People-Analysis in Pakistan by the Year 2020","authors":"M. Ghafoor","doi":"10.9734/ajrid/2023/v14i2287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrid/2023/v14i2287","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The study has been carried to find impact of lockdown on spread of COVID-19 by evaluating number of affected cases in lockdown and post-lockdown period. The study was conducted to analyse whether lockdown has limited spread of disease or otherwise. \u0000Methods: The study has been conducted retrospectively between 23rd March 2020 to 12th November 2020 on number of affected cases reported in Daily Jang Newspaper of Pakistan. Since lockdown period was 47 days, therefore data was collected in multiple of 47 days to evaluate results in lockdown and post lock down period. \u0000Results: Immediately after lockdown data has shown an increase in percentage (47.04), increase of affected cases (531.46), growth factor (6.31) and frequency of distribution (164244). Lower incidence was observed in lockdown with a number of 26010 bearing percentage of 7.45. \u0000Conclusion: The lockdown has limited spread of new viral disease (SARS-CoV-2) with reduced number of affected cases and huge increase in number of cases were observed immediately after lockdown. The number of affected cases were found to be subsequently reduced unless start of second phase of pandemic. On removing limitations due to lock down growth factor and frequency of distribution also indicate higher incidence of new viral disease.","PeriodicalId":166387,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124511657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-29DOI: 10.9734/ajrid/2023/v14i2286
Anshdha Shah, S. Sinha, Charu Jain, Shukla Das, Nikita, N. P. Singh
Background: Dengue is an endemic disease in tropical and sub-tropical regions across the globe with South-east Asian countries showing an increasing prevalence over the years. Objective: To observe changes in the disease pattern of Dengue during pre and post pandemic periods. Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational study was performed. The laboratory-based study retrieved data for the tests routinely performed for detection of Dengue infection and Covid-19 infection. The positivity rate was calculated for Dengue (2019-21) and for Covid (2020-21). The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on dengue incidence was studied. Observations: It was observed that dengue infection peaked during the monsoon and post-monsoon period. The testing for dengue infection declined by 79.3% when the Covid-19 pandemic struck in 2020. The testing for dengue in 2021 showed an increase of 49.9% when compared to 2019 with a higher positivity rate of 36.4%. Conclusion: In the wake of Covid-19 pandemic, as the healthcare system became focused on managing the emergency-like situation and routine diagnostic protocols thus, the control measures for vector borne diseases were disrupted. The surge of dengue cases in 2021 indicates that onset of Covid-19 created a smokescreen which gave rise to increased spread of dengue in the following year. Therefore, it is prudent to incorporate measures to ensure that the control and management of other diseases continues to run seamlessly even during emergence of future epidemics/pandemics.
{"title":"Dengue in Times of Covid-19: A Pre and Post Pandemic Evaluation in East Delhi Population","authors":"Anshdha Shah, S. Sinha, Charu Jain, Shukla Das, Nikita, N. P. Singh","doi":"10.9734/ajrid/2023/v14i2286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrid/2023/v14i2286","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Dengue is an endemic disease in tropical and sub-tropical regions across the globe with South-east Asian countries showing an increasing prevalence over the years. \u0000Objective: To observe changes in the disease pattern of Dengue during pre and post pandemic periods. \u0000Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational study was performed. The laboratory-based study retrieved data for the tests routinely performed for detection of Dengue infection and Covid-19 infection. The positivity rate was calculated for Dengue (2019-21) and for Covid (2020-21). The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on dengue incidence was studied. \u0000Observations: It was observed that dengue infection peaked during the monsoon and post-monsoon period. The testing for dengue infection declined by 79.3% when the Covid-19 pandemic struck in 2020. The testing for dengue in 2021 showed an increase of 49.9% when compared to 2019 with a higher positivity rate of 36.4%. \u0000Conclusion: In the wake of Covid-19 pandemic, as the healthcare system became focused on managing the emergency-like situation and routine diagnostic protocols thus, the control measures for vector borne diseases were disrupted. The surge of dengue cases in 2021 indicates that onset of Covid-19 created a smokescreen which gave rise to increased spread of dengue in the following year. Therefore, it is prudent to incorporate measures to ensure that the control and management of other diseases continues to run seamlessly even during emergence of future epidemics/pandemics.","PeriodicalId":166387,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127080582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-27DOI: 10.9734/ajrid/2023/v14i2284
Sabine Aimée Touangnou-Chamda, M. Boda, Arnaud Franck Elang, D. S. Mbaga, Eric Simo, S. Kenmoe, J. Essindi, C. Mikangue, Alexandra Emmanuelle Membangbi, Aicha Ngoutane, Carol Sake, U. Tamoufé, Jacky Njiki-Bikoi, Sara Honorine Riwom, J. Nwobegahay
Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) Mother-To-Child Transmission (MTCT) prevalence and its predictors. Following the limited success achieved with the previous MTCT prevention programs, the Cameroon’s public health ministry adopted in 2014 the Option B+ program that recommends a systematic lifelong treatment to all HIV positive pregnant woman. Study Design: A case-control study was conducted within two groups: a reference group constituted of exposed infants from HIV positive mothers undergoing Option B+ program, and a control group of infants from Anti-Retroviral Treatment (ART) naive HIV positive mothers during pregnancy. Place and Duration of Study: Douala and Yaounde Military Hospitals (HMR2 and HMR1 respectively) as well as the Bertoua Regional Hospital (HRB), From October 2017 to March 2018. Methodology: This research included infected mother - exposed child pairs. Infected mothers’ sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were reported. Infants sampled at six weeks at the HIV MTCT prevention units were tested at the Military Health Research Center for HIV-1 RNA early detection through rtPCR with Abbott m2000sp automated system. Multivariate logistic regression model was built to assess the predictors of MTCT and to compare groups. Results: Within the study period, the overall HIV-1 prevalence in the 107 six weeks old reference group infants and 23 control group infants was nil and 4.35% (1/23) respectively. Logistic regression showed that predictors of HIV-1 MTCT were: home delivery p=0.03 and absence of ART during pregnancy p = 0.04. Conclusion: Vertical transmission of HIV-1 infection is more likely in ART naïve pregnant women as compared to their counterparts established on ART. Hence, implementation of the Option B+ appear to be very essential in eliminating HIV-1 MTCT. Consequently, a systematic enrolment of these pregnant women living with HIV if scaled up, would be very instrumental in eliminating HIV-1 MTCT in Cameroon.
{"title":"Low Prevalence and Risk Factors Related to HIV-1 Mother to Child Transmission under Option B+ Program at 3 Referral Military and Public Hospitals in Cameroon","authors":"Sabine Aimée Touangnou-Chamda, M. Boda, Arnaud Franck Elang, D. S. Mbaga, Eric Simo, S. Kenmoe, J. Essindi, C. Mikangue, Alexandra Emmanuelle Membangbi, Aicha Ngoutane, Carol Sake, U. Tamoufé, Jacky Njiki-Bikoi, Sara Honorine Riwom, J. Nwobegahay","doi":"10.9734/ajrid/2023/v14i2284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrid/2023/v14i2284","url":null,"abstract":"Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) Mother-To-Child Transmission (MTCT) prevalence and its predictors. Following the limited success achieved with the previous MTCT prevention programs, the Cameroon’s public health ministry adopted in 2014 the Option B+ program that recommends a systematic lifelong treatment to all HIV positive pregnant woman. \u0000Study Design: A case-control study was conducted within two groups: a reference group constituted of exposed infants from HIV positive mothers undergoing Option B+ program, and a control group of infants from Anti-Retroviral Treatment (ART) naive HIV positive mothers during pregnancy. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Douala and Yaounde Military Hospitals (HMR2 and HMR1 respectively) as well as the Bertoua Regional Hospital (HRB), From October 2017 to March 2018. \u0000Methodology: This research included infected mother - exposed child pairs. Infected mothers’ sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were reported. Infants sampled at six weeks at the HIV MTCT prevention units were tested at the Military Health Research Center for HIV-1 RNA early detection through rtPCR with Abbott m2000sp automated system. Multivariate logistic regression model was built to assess the predictors of MTCT and to compare groups. \u0000Results: Within the study period, the overall HIV-1 prevalence in the 107 six weeks old reference group infants and 23 control group infants was nil and 4.35% (1/23) respectively. Logistic regression showed that predictors of HIV-1 MTCT were: home delivery p=0.03 and absence of ART during pregnancy p = 0.04. \u0000Conclusion: Vertical transmission of HIV-1 infection is more likely in ART naïve pregnant women as compared to their counterparts established on ART. Hence, implementation of the Option B+ appear to be very essential in eliminating HIV-1 MTCT. Consequently, a systematic enrolment of these pregnant women living with HIV if scaled up, would be very instrumental in eliminating HIV-1 MTCT in Cameroon.","PeriodicalId":166387,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124629750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-27DOI: 10.9734/ajrid/2023/v14i2285
Priyankkumar G. Moradiya, R. Mahajan, S. Solav, S. Savale, Gauri S. Khajindar, Rajlaxmi R. Jagtap, Aman S. Solav, Suresh L. Balani
F18-FDG (Fluorine18- fluoro-deoxyglucose) Positron emission tomography/computerized tomography scan (PET/CT Scan) scan shows intense physiologic uptake in the brain parenchyma. This prevents evaluation of small cerebral lesions. Ga-68-FAPI (Gallium68- Fibroblast activation protein inhibitor) does not localize in normal brain parenchyma. Hence, it can detect cerebral lesions which concentrate the tracer. We report a case of neurocysticercosis in a 32 years old female who presented with headache, nausea and one episode of seizure. MRI brain raised possibility of tuberculoma over neurocysticercosis. There was a hypometabolic area in the right temporal lobe as revealed by F-18-FDG PET/CT, with no FDG avid lesions or lymph nodes identified in the body. Ga68-FAPI PET/CT was performed which showed increased tracer uptake within the right temporal lobe lesion. A focal FAPI uptake was also noted in a tiny hypodense lesion in the left internal oblique muscle of abdomen, which showed signal characteristics of intramuscular cysticercosis on limited MRI study.
{"title":"Gallium 68-Fibroblast Activation Protein Inhibitor: PET/CT Improves Diagnosis of Neurocysticercosis","authors":"Priyankkumar G. Moradiya, R. Mahajan, S. Solav, S. Savale, Gauri S. Khajindar, Rajlaxmi R. Jagtap, Aman S. Solav, Suresh L. Balani","doi":"10.9734/ajrid/2023/v14i2285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrid/2023/v14i2285","url":null,"abstract":"F18-FDG (Fluorine18- fluoro-deoxyglucose) Positron emission tomography/computerized tomography scan (PET/CT Scan) scan shows intense physiologic uptake in the brain parenchyma. This prevents evaluation of small cerebral lesions. Ga-68-FAPI (Gallium68- Fibroblast activation protein inhibitor) does not localize in normal brain parenchyma. Hence, it can detect cerebral lesions which concentrate the tracer. We report a case of neurocysticercosis in a 32 years old female who presented with headache, nausea and one episode of seizure. MRI brain raised possibility of tuberculoma over neurocysticercosis. There was a hypometabolic area in the right temporal lobe as revealed by F-18-FDG PET/CT, with no FDG avid lesions or lymph nodes identified in the body. Ga68-FAPI PET/CT was performed which showed increased tracer uptake within the right temporal lobe lesion. A focal FAPI uptake was also noted in a tiny hypodense lesion in the left internal oblique muscle of abdomen, which showed signal characteristics of intramuscular cysticercosis on limited MRI study.","PeriodicalId":166387,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116714338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-25DOI: 10.9734/ajrid/2023/v14i2283
T. Aye, Hpone Pyae Tun, K. Myat, T. Han, Naing Lin Tun, N. Lwin, Thiha Soe
Aims: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has very high mortality in severe forms of disease, where immunopathology plays an important role. Use of immunomodulating therapies including 6 to 12 mg of dexamethasone is well established. Higher doses of corticosteroids were used with reported success in some settings. This study aims to explore the role of pulse dose methylprednisolone therapy in very severe COVID-19 patients in preventing the need for ICU care and death in resource-limited setting. Study Design: Retrospective case series study. Place and Duration of Study: Oak-ta-chat-thal-ta-pwint COVID-19 treatment center in Yangon, Myanmar between September 2021 to December 2021. Methodology: This study included 13 confirmed COVID-19 patients with severe to critical illness, who were treated with pulse dose methylprednisolone therapy. We reviewed the patients’ demographics, comorbidities, and disease severity before starting pulse dose methylprednisolone therapy and changes in oxygen requirement, chest X-ray scores, inflammatory markers, development of significant clinical events, and 28 days mortality after therapy. Results: Before pulse dose methylprednisolone therapy, all 13 patients had very severe disease (mean SPO2/FiO2 = 173 mmHg, mean SPO2 = 88.54%, mean CRP = 115 mg/L, mean ferritin = 1,295.5 ng/mL and mean Brixia Score = 6.54). They received 3-7 days (mean = 5.5 days) of pulse dose methylprednisolone. Ten patients (76%) survived in a setting with limited ICU care. High ferritin was a significant predictor of mortality. Improvement in oxygen requirement was noticeable after 1-11 days (mean = 5.6 days). Hyperglycemia was common and confirmed bacterial infection was found in 3 patients, but all patients received empirical antibiotics therapy. Conclusion: Pulse-dose methylprednisolone therapy may be an effective salvage therapy in a carefully selected subset of very severe COVID-19 patients. It might be a feasible alternative to other more expensive immunomodulating agents and organ support treatments in a resource-limited setting.
{"title":"Pulse Dose Methylprednisolone Therapy in a Cohort of Very Severe COVID-19 Patients in a Resource-limited Setting in Myanmar: A Case Series of 13 Patients","authors":"T. Aye, Hpone Pyae Tun, K. Myat, T. Han, Naing Lin Tun, N. Lwin, Thiha Soe","doi":"10.9734/ajrid/2023/v14i2283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrid/2023/v14i2283","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has very high mortality in severe forms of disease, where immunopathology plays an important role. Use of immunomodulating therapies including 6 to 12 mg of dexamethasone is well established. Higher doses of corticosteroids were used with reported success in some settings. This study aims to explore the role of pulse dose methylprednisolone therapy in very severe COVID-19 patients in preventing the need for ICU care and death in resource-limited setting. \u0000Study Design: Retrospective case series study. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Oak-ta-chat-thal-ta-pwint COVID-19 treatment center in Yangon, Myanmar between September 2021 to December 2021. \u0000Methodology: This study included 13 confirmed COVID-19 patients with severe to critical illness, who were treated with pulse dose methylprednisolone therapy. We reviewed the patients’ demographics, comorbidities, and disease severity before starting pulse dose methylprednisolone therapy and changes in oxygen requirement, chest X-ray scores, inflammatory markers, development of significant clinical events, and 28 days mortality after therapy. \u0000Results: Before pulse dose methylprednisolone therapy, all 13 patients had very severe disease (mean SPO2/FiO2 = 173 mmHg, mean SPO2 = 88.54%, mean CRP = 115 mg/L, mean ferritin = 1,295.5 ng/mL and mean Brixia Score = 6.54). They received 3-7 days (mean = 5.5 days) of pulse dose methylprednisolone. Ten patients (76%) survived in a setting with limited ICU care. High ferritin was a significant predictor of mortality. Improvement in oxygen requirement was noticeable after 1-11 days (mean = 5.6 days). Hyperglycemia was common and confirmed bacterial infection was found in 3 patients, but all patients received empirical antibiotics therapy. \u0000Conclusion: Pulse-dose methylprednisolone therapy may be an effective salvage therapy in a carefully selected subset of very severe COVID-19 patients. It might be a feasible alternative to other more expensive immunomodulating agents and organ support treatments in a resource-limited setting.","PeriodicalId":166387,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126282592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-18DOI: 10.9734/ajrid/2023/v14i2282
D. Dubey, Swati Agnihotri, S. Vahikar, Shaila Mitra, K. Srivastava, A. Singh, Ravikant Verma
Aims: To study the impact of past COVID 19 infections on various hematological parameters and morbidity in patients with active dengue infection by assessing days of hospital stay, platelet transfusion etc. Study Design: Prospective study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pathology, Baba Raghav Das Medical college, Gorakhpur, India between June 2022 to November 2022. Methodology: 189 patients with active dengue infection, proven on Dengue ELISA for IgM detection, were included in this prospective study. Hematological parameters along with demographic profiles and clinicopathological details were recorded for the patients at the time of admission. Results: The mean age was comparable between the two groups, dengue patients with history of COVID 19 (Group A) being 26.93±14.27 years and dengue patients with no history of COVID 19 (Group B) being 28.52±17.65 years. Group A patients were found to have higher mean platelet count [68200.00±28153.33] than Group B patients [54181.21±31792.06]. The fatality rate was 2.68% in the Group A patients and 5% in the group B. Conclusion: Our research indicates that individuals with a history of COVID-19 infection have reduced dengue mortality. However, we cannot presume a causal association between dengue and COVID-19 infection prognosis.
目的:通过评估住院天数、血小板输注等指标，研究既往感染对活动性登革热感染患者各项血液学指标及发病率的影响。研究设计:前瞻性研究。学习地点和时间:2022年6月至2022年11月，印度Gorakhpur Baba Raghav Das医学院病理学系。方法:189例活动性登革热感染患者，经IgM检测登革ELISA证实，纳入本前瞻性研究。在入院时记录患者的血液学参数、人口统计资料和临床病理细节。结果:两组患者的平均年龄具有可比性，有COVID - 19病史的登革热患者(A组)为26.93±14.27岁，无COVID - 19病史的登革热患者(B组)为28.52±17.65岁。A组患者平均血小板计数[68200.00±28153.33]高于B组患者[54181.21±31792.06]。A组病死率为2.68%，b组病死率为5%。结论:有COVID-19感染史的个体降低了登革热病死率。然而，我们不能假定登革热与COVID-19感染预后之间存在因果关系。
{"title":"Is Previous Covid 19 Infection a Boon or Bane for Dengue Patient? - A Study from a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India","authors":"D. Dubey, Swati Agnihotri, S. Vahikar, Shaila Mitra, K. Srivastava, A. Singh, Ravikant Verma","doi":"10.9734/ajrid/2023/v14i2282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrid/2023/v14i2282","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To study the impact of past COVID 19 infections on various hematological parameters and morbidity in patients with active dengue infection by assessing days of hospital stay, platelet transfusion etc. \u0000Study Design: Prospective study. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pathology, Baba Raghav Das Medical college, Gorakhpur, India between June 2022 to November 2022. \u0000Methodology: 189 patients with active dengue infection, proven on Dengue ELISA for IgM detection, were included in this prospective study. Hematological parameters along with demographic profiles and clinicopathological details were recorded for the patients at the time of admission. \u0000Results: The mean age was comparable between the two groups, dengue patients with history of COVID 19 (Group A) being 26.93±14.27 years and dengue patients with no history of COVID 19 (Group B) being 28.52±17.65 years. Group A patients were found to have higher mean platelet count [68200.00±28153.33] than Group B patients [54181.21±31792.06]. The fatality rate was 2.68% in the Group A patients and 5% in the group B. \u0000Conclusion: Our research indicates that individuals with a history of COVID-19 infection have reduced dengue mortality. However, we cannot presume a causal association between dengue and COVID-19 infection prognosis.","PeriodicalId":166387,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122936233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-18DOI: 10.9734/ajrid/2023/v14i1281
R. Josefina, Suarez-Velasco Alda Iliana, Vázquez-Hernández Carolina, Sánchez-Munive Denisse, Indira Vega Gaitan, Ruvalcaba Ledezma Jesús Carlos
In December 2019, China announced a SARS CoV-2 virus in the Wuhan market, later announced by the WHO as the COVID-19 pandemic with a global impact on public health. The aim of this review was focused on determining if there are disparities in the impact of COVID-19 associated with the average salary. Methodology: A documentary review of information detected in the network [Data México] among other sources was carried out, using the keywords; covid-19 pandemic, confirmed cases of covid-19, socioeconomic status and covid-19, socioeconomic disparity and covid-19 as well as cross-checking of confirmed cases of COVID-19, the number of deaths from this cause and salary average of each of the federative entities. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS-Ver 23. The results denote marked socioeconomic disparities, the impact of covid-19 does not reside in the biology of the virus, but in particularities of the patient, social environment, and other predictors such as marginalization and comorbidities. Conclusion: Economic disparities, municipal marginalization constitute a predictor of presenting severe forms of COVID-19, an independent association of other predictors such as age and cardio-metabolic comorbidities.
{"title":"Impact of COVID-19 Infection by Federative Entity in Mexico: A Focus on Economic Inequalities and Vulnerability","authors":"R. Josefina, Suarez-Velasco Alda Iliana, Vázquez-Hernández Carolina, Sánchez-Munive Denisse, Indira Vega Gaitan, Ruvalcaba Ledezma Jesús Carlos","doi":"10.9734/ajrid/2023/v14i1281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrid/2023/v14i1281","url":null,"abstract":"In December 2019, China announced a SARS CoV-2 virus in the Wuhan market, later announced by the WHO as the COVID-19 pandemic with a global impact on public health. The aim of this review was focused on determining if there are disparities in the impact of COVID-19 associated with the average salary. \u0000Methodology: A documentary review of information detected in the network [Data México] among other sources was carried out, using the keywords; covid-19 pandemic, confirmed cases of covid-19, socioeconomic status and covid-19, socioeconomic disparity and covid-19 as well as cross-checking of confirmed cases of COVID-19, the number of deaths from this cause and salary average of each of the federative entities. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS-Ver 23. \u0000The results denote marked socioeconomic disparities, the impact of covid-19 does not reside in the biology of the virus, but in particularities of the patient, social environment, and other predictors such as marginalization and comorbidities. \u0000Conclusion: Economic disparities, municipal marginalization constitute a predictor of presenting severe forms of COVID-19, an independent association of other predictors such as age and cardio-metabolic comorbidities.","PeriodicalId":166387,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125998946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-15DOI: 10.9734/ajrid/2023/v14i1279
C. Nyenke, B. A. Nnokam, R. Esiere, R. Nwalozie
Dengue fever (break-bone fever) is a viral disease transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. It is caused by the Dengue virus, which is a single positive-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Flaviviridae family. Dengue fever is prevalent in tropical and subtropical areas and is a significant public health concern in many countries, including`g Nigeria. The disease is characterized by symptoms such as high fever, headache, body aches, nausea, vomiting, swollen glands, and rash. In severe cases, dengue fever can lead to complications such as bleeding, organ impairment, and dengue shock syndrome. Diagnosing dengue fever can be challenging, especially in areas where it is endemic. In endemic locations, diagnosis is often made clinically based on the patient's reported symptoms and a physical examination. Tourniquet testing, which involves applying a blood pressure cuff and counting any petechial hemorrhages, can help in the diagnosis. Laboratory methods, including full blood count, cell culture, nucleic acid identification (PCR), and serology, can be used to confirm the diagnosis. Preventing dengue fever involves controlling the mosquito vector and protecting oneself from mosquito bites. Measures such as eliminating mosquito breeding sites, using insect repellents, wearing protective clothing, and using bed nets can help prevent mosquito bites. Vaccination against dengue is also available, with the Dengvaxia vaccine being used in some countries. There is no specific antiviral treatment for dengue fever. Management focuses on supportive care, maintaining a healthy fluid balance, and relieving symptoms such as fever and pain. Severe cases may require hospitalization and intensive medical care. In Nigeria, dengue fever is often misdiagnosed or overlooked due to similarities with other febrile illnesses like malaria. This can lead to underreporting and inadequate management of dengue cases. Increasing awareness among healthcare professionals and the general population is crucial for early detection and appropriate management of dengue fever in Nigeria. In conclusion dengue fever is a viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes, primarily Aedes species. It is a significant global health concern, including in Nigeria. Early diagnosis, prevention measures, and supportive care are essential in managing dengue fever and reducing its impact on public health. This review is aimed at discussing the current issues of Dengue fever with focus on Nigeria.
{"title":"Dengue Fever: Etiology, Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment","authors":"C. Nyenke, B. A. Nnokam, R. Esiere, R. Nwalozie","doi":"10.9734/ajrid/2023/v14i1279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrid/2023/v14i1279","url":null,"abstract":"Dengue fever (break-bone fever) is a viral disease transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. It is caused by the Dengue virus, which is a single positive-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Flaviviridae family. Dengue fever is prevalent in tropical and subtropical areas and is a significant public health concern in many countries, including`g Nigeria. The disease is characterized by symptoms such as high fever, headache, body aches, nausea, vomiting, swollen glands, and rash. In severe cases, dengue fever can lead to complications such as bleeding, organ impairment, and dengue shock syndrome. Diagnosing dengue fever can be challenging, especially in areas where it is endemic. In endemic locations, diagnosis is often made clinically based on the patient's reported symptoms and a physical examination. Tourniquet testing, which involves applying a blood pressure cuff and counting any petechial hemorrhages, can help in the diagnosis. Laboratory methods, including full blood count, cell culture, nucleic acid identification (PCR), and serology, can be used to confirm the diagnosis. Preventing dengue fever involves controlling the mosquito vector and protecting oneself from mosquito bites. Measures such as eliminating mosquito breeding sites, using insect repellents, wearing protective clothing, and using bed nets can help prevent mosquito bites. Vaccination against dengue is also available, with the Dengvaxia vaccine being used in some countries. There is no specific antiviral treatment for dengue fever. Management focuses on supportive care, maintaining a healthy fluid balance, and relieving symptoms such as fever and pain. Severe cases may require hospitalization and intensive medical care. In Nigeria, dengue fever is often misdiagnosed or overlooked due to similarities with other febrile illnesses like malaria. This can lead to underreporting and inadequate management of dengue cases. Increasing awareness among healthcare professionals and the general population is crucial for early detection and appropriate management of dengue fever in Nigeria. In conclusion dengue fever is a viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes, primarily Aedes species. It is a significant global health concern, including in Nigeria. Early diagnosis, prevention measures, and supportive care are essential in managing dengue fever and reducing its impact on public health. This review is aimed at discussing the current issues of Dengue fever with focus on Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":166387,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130208847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-07DOI: 10.9734/ajrid/2023/v14i1278
F. E. Siagian
Aim: To discuss about the specific characteristics of intestinal parasitic infection that contributes to the formation of stunting. Discussion: Intestinal parasites infection (IPI) are one of the global utmost health dilemmas, because they put certain vulnerable member of the population, e.g., children, in danger. Global prevalence rate of IPI varied from 30-60%, especially in developing countries located within the region of tropical and subtropical zone that create a definite public health burden, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, including Indonesia. Basically, IPI divided into helminths- and protozoans; each have different and unique characteristics with helminths have a more sophisticated life cycle compare to protozoan. IPI tends to be chronic and sub-clinical, due to the evasion the host's immune system. This chronic IPI affects the host, directly and indirectly, and in long term when it happen during toddlerhood, it contributes to the formation of undernourishment and stunting via certain pathways. Transmission occurs mainly via food contamination; and it is usually always related with daily socio-economic activity. Persistent transmission exists when source of infection available and practice of poor hygiene supports continuous contamination in the environment. By knowing the details of the life cycle of each gastrointestinal parasite, all stake holder can participate in communal effort to break the chain of transmission. Conclusion: The presence of infected individuals with poor hygiene practice is the main contributor to the existence of persistent transmission in certain environment and this can then play a role in the formation of stunting.
{"title":"Intestinal Parasitic Infection Responsible for Undernourishment and Stunted Growth in Children of School Going Age","authors":"F. E. Siagian","doi":"10.9734/ajrid/2023/v14i1278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrid/2023/v14i1278","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To discuss about the specific characteristics of intestinal parasitic infection that contributes to the formation of stunting. \u0000Discussion: Intestinal parasites infection (IPI) are one of the global utmost health dilemmas, because they put certain vulnerable member of the population, e.g., children, in danger. Global prevalence rate of IPI varied from 30-60%, especially in developing countries located within the region of tropical and subtropical zone that create a definite public health burden, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, including Indonesia. Basically, IPI divided into helminths- and protozoans; each have different and unique characteristics with helminths have a more sophisticated life cycle compare to protozoan. IPI tends to be chronic and sub-clinical, due to the evasion the host's immune system. This chronic IPI affects the host, directly and indirectly, and in long term when it happen during toddlerhood, it contributes to the formation of undernourishment and stunting via certain pathways. Transmission occurs mainly via food contamination; and it is usually always related with daily socio-economic activity. Persistent transmission exists when source of infection available and practice of poor hygiene supports continuous contamination in the environment. By knowing the details of the life cycle of each gastrointestinal parasite, all stake holder can participate in communal effort to break the chain of transmission. \u0000Conclusion: The presence of infected individuals with poor hygiene practice is the main contributor to the existence of persistent transmission in certain environment and this can then play a role in the formation of stunting.","PeriodicalId":166387,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130142106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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