Reservoir ichnological study was employed to improve on the inconsistencies and poor interpretation of hydrocarbon-bearing strata within the multipartite maturing terrain of the onshore Niger Delta basin. Ichnofacies characterization revealed two distinctive trace fossil suites that both reflected different feeding behaviours and responses to substrate consistency, which assisted in the high-resolution assessment of facies constituting the paralic reservoirs. Fifteen potential reservoir intervals were subdivided into productive and non-productive as revealed on core slabs as well as well log signatures. Fluctuating river sediment influx has been considered to be detrimental to the colonization of the channel deposits and barrier bars, which resulted in excellent hydrocarbon reservoirs in the study area. The sandstone facies, characterized by sparse bioturbation and extensive bedding, displays imprints of Ophiomorpha, Thalassinoides, and Palaeophycus. The removal of these imprints has minimized subtle heterogeneities, resulting in more uniform reservoir characteristics. This uniformity has favored the accumulation of hydrocarbons within the point bars.Biogenicchurning of bedded sediment generated a poorer sorting index thereby reducing the reservoir quality at 9866-9840ft, 9154-9120ft, and 9090- 060ft depth intervals, which has been interpreted to represent poor reservoir potentials. However, it is advised that future investigations should focus on the forced regressive shoreface and delta front reservoirs of the studied interval for its internal continuity that may contain maximum production potential.
{"title":"Hydrocarbon production potential of paralic reservoirs from the Niger Delta basin: Evidence from ichnological studies","authors":"O.O. Efemena, C. Ugwueze","doi":"10.4314/sa.v23i2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sa.v23i2.8","url":null,"abstract":"Reservoir ichnological study was employed to improve on the inconsistencies and poor interpretation of hydrocarbon-bearing strata within the multipartite maturing terrain of the onshore Niger Delta basin. Ichnofacies characterization revealed two distinctive trace fossil suites that both reflected different feeding behaviours and responses to substrate consistency, which assisted in the high-resolution assessment of facies constituting the paralic reservoirs. Fifteen potential reservoir intervals were subdivided into productive and non-productive as revealed on core slabs as well as well log signatures. Fluctuating river sediment influx has been considered to be detrimental to the colonization of the channel deposits and barrier bars, which resulted in excellent hydrocarbon reservoirs in the study area. The sandstone facies, characterized by sparse bioturbation and extensive bedding, displays imprints of Ophiomorpha, Thalassinoides, and Palaeophycus. The removal of these imprints has minimized subtle heterogeneities, resulting in more uniform reservoir characteristics. This uniformity has favored the accumulation of hydrocarbons within the point bars.Biogenicchurning of bedded sediment generated a poorer sorting index thereby reducing the reservoir quality at 9866-9840ft, 9154-9120ft, and 9090- 060ft depth intervals, which has been interpreted to represent poor reservoir potentials. However, it is advised that future investigations should focus on the forced regressive shoreface and delta front reservoirs of the studied interval for its internal continuity that may contain maximum production potential. ","PeriodicalId":166410,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Africana","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140981686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. E. Ubah, I. Ijeh, K. C. Oguamanam,, C. A. Obike, A. Egbuonu
The study evaluated the proximate analysis, anti- dyslipidemic and cardioprotective effects of dietary incorporated Vernonia amygdalina (VA) leaves in Monosodium glutamate (MSG) intoxicated High fat diet (HFD) fed Wistar rats. The proximate analysis of the leaves revealed the highest ash and carbohydrate content in the control (basal) diet, highest protein, crude fibre and moisture content in the 10% VA incorporated HFD and the highest crude fat in the HFD only group. Dietary incorporation of VA in HFD reversed the trend of hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia observed in experimental animals after chronic MSG, HFD and MSG + HFD administration. At the end of week 8, HFD only group produced a higher level of total cholesterol and triglyceride when compared to the basal control diet group and the MSG only group while the 10% VA HFD group produced the greatest reduction in total cholesterol and triglyceride from week 9 – week 12. Possible mechanisms include the presence of crude fibers which binds to bile acids reducing the absorption of cholesterol. Histopathology studies of the myocardial tissues at the end of the study revealed in the MSG + HFD group signs of a marked diffused edema of the myocardium which was absent in the MSG only and HFD only groups while 5% and 10% VA incorporated HFD and the standard drug Orlistat 10 mg/kg failed to reverse the observed toxicity. Conclusion: Dietary VA reversed lipid derangement observed but failed to reverse myocardial histopathologies after chronic MSG + HFD administration and could be used as an adjunct for the treatment of obesity.
该研究评估了谷氨酸钠（MSG）中毒高脂饮食（HFD）喂养的 Wistar 大鼠膳食中添加 Vernonia amygdalina（VA）叶片的近似物分析、抗血脂异常和心脏保护作用。叶片的近似物分析表明，对照组（基础）膳食中的灰分和碳水化合物含量最高，添加 10% VA 的高脂膳食中的蛋白质、粗纤维和水分含量最高，而仅添加高脂膳食组的粗脂肪含量最高。在高密度脂蛋白日粮中添加 VA 逆转了实验动物在长期摄入味精、高密度脂蛋白日粮和味精 + 高密度脂蛋白日粮之后观察到的高胆固醇血症和高甘油三酯血症的趋势。在第 8 周结束时，与基础控制饮食组和仅含味精组相比，仅含高密度脂蛋白饮食组产生的总胆固醇和甘油三酯水平更高，而从第 9 周到第 12 周，10% VA 高密度脂蛋白饮食组产生的总胆固醇和甘油三酯降幅最大。可能的机制包括粗纤维的存在与胆汁酸结合，减少了胆固醇的吸收。研究结束时对心肌组织进行的组织病理学研究显示，味精 + 高纤维食物组的心肌组织出现了明显的弥漫性水肿，而只有味精组和只有高纤维食物组的心肌组织则没有这种症状，而添加了高纤维食物和标准药物奥利司他 10 毫克/千克的 5% 和 10% VA 组则未能逆转观察到的毒性。结论膳食 VA 可逆转观察到的脂质紊乱，但未能逆转长期服用味精 + 高频分解食物后的心肌组织病理学，可用作治疗肥胖症的辅助药物。
{"title":"Anti-dyslipidemic and cardio-protective effects of dietary Vernonia amygdalina leaves in monosodium glutamate intoxicated high fat diet fed Wistar rats","authors":"E. E. Ubah, I. Ijeh, K. C. Oguamanam,, C. A. Obike, A. Egbuonu","doi":"10.4314/sa.v23i2.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sa.v23i2.13","url":null,"abstract":"The study evaluated the proximate analysis, anti- dyslipidemic and cardioprotective effects of dietary incorporated Vernonia amygdalina (VA) leaves in Monosodium glutamate (MSG) intoxicated High fat diet (HFD) fed Wistar rats. The proximate analysis of the leaves revealed the highest ash and carbohydrate content in the control (basal) diet, highest protein, crude fibre and moisture content in the 10% VA incorporated HFD and the highest crude fat in the HFD only group. Dietary incorporation of VA in HFD reversed the trend of hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia observed in experimental animals after chronic MSG, HFD and MSG + HFD administration. At the end of week 8, HFD only group produced a higher level of total cholesterol and triglyceride when compared to the basal control diet group and the MSG only group while the 10% VA HFD group produced the greatest reduction in total cholesterol and triglyceride from week 9 – week 12. Possible mechanisms include the presence of crude fibers which binds to bile acids reducing the absorption of cholesterol. Histopathology studies of the myocardial tissues at the end of the study revealed in the MSG + HFD group signs of a marked diffused edema of the myocardium which was absent in the MSG only and HFD only groups while 5% and 10% VA incorporated HFD and the standard drug Orlistat 10 mg/kg failed to reverse the observed toxicity. Conclusion: Dietary VA reversed lipid derangement observed but failed to reverse myocardial histopathologies after chronic MSG + HFD administration and could be used as an adjunct for the treatment of obesity. ","PeriodicalId":166410,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Africana","volume":"27 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140981444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effectiveness of geophysical and geochemical methods in delineating hydrocarbon contamination in a spill site is carried out around theErhoike flow station in Kokori, Ethiope East LGA, Delta State. Wenner array was used for the transverse in acquiring the data which spanned a transverse of 200m and 3D model resistivity images were obtained from the inversion and presented in horizontal depth slices. Well water samples were also taken for Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) content while soil samples from the location were also taken for Porosity and coefficient of permeability. The result of the 3D horizontal depth slices in the location reveals that Erhoike is impacted with hydrocarbon plume to a depth of 31.7m. The concentration of TPHCs from the water analysis shows that the wells around the suspected zones are affected by hydrocarbon. The laboratory tests for porosity (Փ ) and coefficient of permeability (k) for the soil samples are indicative of sand/silty sand which thus allows the flow of PHCs plume to the soil and groundwater in the study area. The results of the study have shown that the soil is permeable and porous which would allow the passage of the leaked and spilled PHCs through the soil to groundwater where the PHCs could mix, float and sink into groundwater. The 3D analysis revealed the presence of PHCs up to a depth of 33.7m but prominent at a depth of 10m which indicates the presence of PHCs in the wells. The hydrochemical analysis also proved the same results as that of the 3D which authenticated the reliability of the method used in the study.
{"title":"Integrated geophysical and geochemical characterization of hydrocarbon contaminated site in Erhoike-Kokori, Southern Nigeria","authors":"O. S. Marere, O. J. Airen","doi":"10.4314/sa.v23i2.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sa.v23i2.19","url":null,"abstract":"The effectiveness of geophysical and geochemical methods in delineating hydrocarbon contamination in a spill site is carried out around theErhoike flow station in Kokori, Ethiope East LGA, Delta State. Wenner array was used for the transverse in acquiring the data which spanned a transverse of 200m and 3D model resistivity images were obtained from the inversion and presented in horizontal depth slices. Well water samples were also taken for Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) content while soil samples from the location were also taken for Porosity and coefficient of permeability. The result of the 3D horizontal depth slices in the location reveals that Erhoike is impacted with hydrocarbon plume to a depth of 31.7m. The concentration of TPHCs from the water analysis shows that the wells around the suspected zones are affected by hydrocarbon. The laboratory tests for porosity (Փ ) and coefficient of permeability (k) for the soil samples are indicative of sand/silty sand which thus allows the flow of PHCs plume to the soil and groundwater in the study area. The results of the study have shown that the soil is permeable and porous which would allow the passage of the leaked and spilled PHCs through the soil to groundwater where the PHCs could mix, float and sink into groundwater. The 3D analysis revealed the presence of PHCs up to a depth of 33.7m but prominent at a depth of 10m which indicates the presence of PHCs in the wells. The hydrochemical analysis also proved the same results as that of the 3D which authenticated the reliability of the method used in the study. ","PeriodicalId":166410,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Africana","volume":"31 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140981401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O.G. Igharo, C.B.N. Akpata, G. A. AIKPITANYI-IDUITUA, T.J. Ime-Idim, O.E. Ero
Drugs of abuse are prescription, over-the-counter, or other forms of drugs that are often used for purposes other than those for which they are meant to be used, or in excessive amounts. The abuse of illicit drugs (for example cocaine, heroin, and codeine) poses a serious threat to public health, not to mention a great challenge to the health care system. It is important to review the techniques used in detecting these drugs of abuse to stay ahead of this growing global drug problem. This review aims to give an overview of known clinical laboratory techniques used in detecting some common drugs of abuse that could serve as an integral part of determining the presence of these drugs in bodily fluids and samples. Relevant literature was reviewed in various search engines (Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Bing). Findings showed that some of the current clinical laboratory techniques for detecting and quantifying drugs of abuse include Microcrystalline tests, thin-layer chromatography, colourimetric tests, immunoassays, urine dipstick tests, and ultraviolet spectroscopy. Apart from these known techniques, new and emerging techniques are being validated to serve as additions to these already existing techniques and be used in clinical settings. In conclusion, the burden of drug abuse is on the rise and becoming a public health concern. There should be an ever-increasing interest in developing new analytical methodologies not only to detect but also to quantify drugs of abuse which may be applied in a plethora of areas including clinical settings.Some of the outlined techniques are highly priced and for cost ineffectiveness, they may be difficult to afford and sustain in resource-restraint settings like developing nations. Hence, grants and laboratory infrastructural support may be needed from international donor agencies.
{"title":"Clinical laboratory techniques for detecting drugs of abuse: Feasibility in developing nations","authors":"O.G. Igharo, C.B.N. Akpata, G. A. AIKPITANYI-IDUITUA, T.J. Ime-Idim, O.E. Ero","doi":"10.4314/sa.v23i2.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sa.v23i2.31","url":null,"abstract":"Drugs of abuse are prescription, over-the-counter, or other forms of drugs that are often used for purposes other than those for which they are meant to be used, or in excessive amounts. The abuse of illicit drugs (for example cocaine, heroin, and codeine) poses a serious threat to public health, not to mention a great challenge to the health care system. It is important to review the techniques used in detecting these drugs of abuse to stay ahead of this growing global drug problem. This review aims to give an overview of known clinical laboratory techniques used in detecting some common drugs of abuse that could serve as an integral part of determining the presence of these drugs in bodily fluids and samples. Relevant literature was reviewed in various search engines (Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Bing). Findings showed that some of the current clinical laboratory techniques for detecting and quantifying drugs of abuse include Microcrystalline tests, thin-layer chromatography, colourimetric tests, immunoassays, urine dipstick tests, and ultraviolet spectroscopy. Apart from these known techniques, new and emerging techniques are being validated to serve as additions to these already existing techniques and be used in clinical settings. In conclusion, the burden of drug abuse is on the rise and becoming a public health concern. There should be an ever-increasing interest in developing new analytical methodologies not only to detect but also to quantify drugs of abuse which may be applied in a plethora of areas including clinical settings.Some of the outlined techniques are highly priced and for cost ineffectiveness, they may be difficult to afford and sustain in resource-restraint settings like developing nations. Hence, grants and laboratory infrastructural support may be needed from international donor agencies. ","PeriodicalId":166410,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Africana","volume":"79 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140979024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To observe and document the distinctive eclipse phenomenon on the source, we conducted a photometric observation of the variable star AO Ser using the 0.4m SBIG optical telescope from the Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network remotely from Nigeria. On December 22, 2022, the LCOGT was used to observe the AO Ser data, and the telescope time was 120 minutes. Using SAO Image Viewer (DS9), VisieR, and IRIS software, we performed a photometric analysis on the eclipsing stellar data, allowing us to plot the light curve and infer eclipses. According to the outcome of our photometric analysis, AO Ser is an eclipsing binary variable star. The stellar analysis presented shows theaverage values of stellar eclipse parametersfrom the analysis of the Vfilterof AO Ser, asA1 = 1.37km, A2 = 0.329km, D1 = 188×103hrs (52.94secs), D2 = 79.4×103hrs (22.7secs) and d1 = 26.4×103hrs (7.65secs), d2 = 0hrs (0secs) respectively. For the B filter, the averagesof A1 = 0.65km, A2 = 0.145km, D1 = 185×103hrs (52.11secs), D2 = 76.6×103hrs (21.26.0secs), d1 = 26.0 ×103hrs (7.044secs) and d2 = 0hrs (0secs).The primary candidate of AO Ser is smaller than its secondary companion, as shown by the value of d2 = 0secs being the same for both V and B Filters observations. Two times during the orbit, when the primary passed in front of the secondary and when the secondary passed in front of the primary, the observed brightness decreased. The primary eclipse was designated as having a deeper peak than the secondary eclipse, which had a shallower peak. The percentage of the occulted stellar area and the stars' effective temperatures were used to calculate the size of the stellar brightness drop.
为了观测和记录变星源上独特的日食现象，我们在尼日利亚利用拉斯坎布雷天文台全球望远镜网络的 0.4 米 SBIG 光学望远镜对变星 AO Ser 进行了远程光度观测。2022 年 12 月 22 日，利用 LCOGT 观测了 AO Ser 数据，望远镜观测时间为 120 分钟。我们使用 SAO 图像查看器（DS9）、VisieR 和 IRIS 软件对食恒星数据进行了测光分析，从而绘制出光曲线并推断出食。根据我们的测光分析结果，AO Ser 是一颗食双星变星。所提供的恒星分析显示了对 AO Ser 的 V 滤光片分析得出的恒星食参数平均值，分别为 A1 = 1.37km，A2 = 0.329km，D1 = 188×103hrs （52.94 秒），D2 = 79.4×103hrs （22.7 秒），d1 = 26.4×103hrs （7.65 秒），d2 = 0hrs （0 秒）。B 滤波器的平均值分别为：A1 = 0.65km，A2 = 0.145km，D1 = 185×103小时（52.11秒），D2 = 76.6×103小时（21.26.0秒），d1 = 26.0×103小时（7.044秒），d2 = 0小时（0秒）。AO Ser的主候选星小于它的副伴星，这一点可以从V滤波器和B滤波器观测到的d2 = 0秒值相同看出。在轨道上有两次，当主食经过副食前方和副食经过主食前方时，观测到的亮度都有所下降。主食的峰值比副食的峰值深，副食的峰值比主食的峰值浅。被掩星面积的百分比和恒星的有效温度被用来计算恒星亮度下降的大小。
{"title":"Eclipse detection on variable star Ao Serpentis using Las Cumbres observatory global telescope (LCOGT)","authors":"S. Esaenwi, O.J. Vwavware","doi":"10.4314/sa.v23i2.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sa.v23i2.21","url":null,"abstract":"To observe and document the distinctive eclipse phenomenon on the source, we conducted a photometric observation of the variable star AO Ser using the 0.4m SBIG optical telescope from the Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network remotely from Nigeria. On December 22, 2022, the LCOGT was used to observe the AO Ser data, and the telescope time was 120 minutes. Using SAO Image Viewer (DS9), VisieR, and IRIS software, we performed a photometric analysis on the eclipsing stellar data, allowing us to plot the light curve and infer eclipses. According to the outcome of our photometric analysis, AO Ser is an eclipsing binary variable star. The stellar analysis presented shows theaverage values of stellar eclipse parametersfrom the analysis of the Vfilterof AO Ser, asA1 = 1.37km, A2 = 0.329km, D1 = 188×103hrs (52.94secs), D2 = 79.4×103hrs (22.7secs) and d1 = 26.4×103hrs (7.65secs), d2 = 0hrs (0secs) respectively. For the B filter, the averagesof A1 = 0.65km, A2 = 0.145km, D1 = 185×103hrs (52.11secs), D2 = 76.6×103hrs (21.26.0secs), d1 = 26.0 ×103hrs (7.044secs) and d2 = 0hrs (0secs).The primary candidate of AO Ser is smaller than its secondary companion, as shown by the value of d2 = 0secs being the same for both V and B Filters observations. Two times during the orbit, when the primary passed in front of the secondary and when the secondary passed in front of the primary, the observed brightness decreased. The primary eclipse was designated as having a deeper peak than the secondary eclipse, which had a shallower peak. The percentage of the occulted stellar area and the stars' effective temperatures were used to calculate the size of the stellar brightness drop. ","PeriodicalId":166410,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Africana","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140979631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Most studies of carbon footprint (CFP) in relation to climate change focus on the generation of greenhouse gases (GHG) by human activities such as electricity, industrialization and transportation in urban areas with little attention on rural areas. Against this background, this study aims to identify sources of Carbon dioxide (CO2) emission, and estimate the amount of CFP generated through fuel-wood consumption in Udu LGA of Delta State, Nigeria. Data for the study were obtained from a sample of 200 households in four (4) rural settlements chosen randomly from 32 villages. Mixed survey technique which involved questionnaires, field observations and measurement were employed to collect data for the study. Data obtained were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson Correlation Analysis and calculation of CFP. The study reveals that the major source of CO2 emission was fuel wood (82.0%), which is used for various domestic and production activities with an average of 39.58kg consumed by each sampled household; thus, generating between 7.24314 MT daily. The amount of CFP also varies directly with the sizes of the sampled households. The study recommends that alternative sources of clean energy should be developed and utilized for sustainable development of the environment and mitigation of climate change phenomenon.
{"title":"Empirical assessment of fuel-wood induced carbon footprint in Udu Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria","authors":"J. Igben","doi":"10.4314/sa.v23i2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sa.v23i2.7","url":null,"abstract":"Most studies of carbon footprint (CFP) in relation to climate change focus on the generation of greenhouse gases (GHG) by human activities such as electricity, industrialization and transportation in urban areas with little attention on rural areas. Against this background, this study aims to identify sources of Carbon dioxide (CO2) emission, and estimate the amount of CFP generated through fuel-wood consumption in Udu LGA of Delta State, Nigeria. Data for the study were obtained from a sample of 200 households in four (4) rural settlements chosen randomly from 32 villages. Mixed survey technique which involved questionnaires, field observations and measurement were employed to collect data for the study. Data obtained were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson Correlation Analysis and calculation of CFP. The study reveals that the major source of CO2 emission was fuel wood (82.0%), which is used for various domestic and production activities with an average of 39.58kg consumed by each sampled household; thus, generating between 7.24314 MT daily. The amount of CFP also varies directly with the sizes of the sampled households. The study recommends that alternative sources of clean energy should be developed and utilized for sustainable development of the environment and mitigation of climate change phenomenon. ","PeriodicalId":166410,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Africana","volume":"39 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140979252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The antidyslipidemic activity of Irvingia wombolu ethanol seeds extract was studied in high fat diet induced dyslipidemic rats.Forty five (45) Wstar rats were grouped into 5 groups of 9 rats each. The animals were allowed 7 days acclimatization period. Group 1 was the control group and it received normal rat chow and water throughout the study. Groups 2 to 5 were given high fat diet for 14 days after which they were given normal rat chow till the end of the study. At the end of the 14 days, group 2 was not treated while group 3-5 were treated with 250, 500 and 1000mg/kg b.w ethanol extract of Irvingia wombolu seeds respectively for 28 days. The lipid profile of animals was evaluated three times: first after 14 days induction period (phase 1) i.e day 0 of treatment, second was taken 14 days after treatment (phase 2), third was taken 28 days after treatment (phase 3). The study lasted for 49 days and dimethyl sulphoxide was used as a vehicle for the extract. In phase 1, all the groups fed with high fat diet showed an increase in low density lipoprotein (LDL) triglyceride, total cholesterol and a decrease in high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. In phase 2 there was a decrease in LDL, triglyceride and total cholesterol level in addition to increase in HDL for animals in all the treatment groups. It was observed that in phase 3 only 250mg/kg group showed a progressive decrease in LDL, triglyceride, total cholesterol and an increase in HDL levels while 500 and 1000 mg/kg b.w showed an increase in LDL, triglyceride and total cholesterol level and a decrease in HDL. The result of the present study demonstrated the antidyslipidemic effect of ethanol extract of Irvingia wombolu seeds at lower dose.
{"title":"Antidyslipidemic effect of ethanol extract of Irvingia wombolu seeds in high fat diet induced dyslipidemic rat","authors":"L. Chuku, J. O. Uba, O. E. Ezim","doi":"10.4314/sa.v23i2.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sa.v23i2.27","url":null,"abstract":"The antidyslipidemic activity of Irvingia wombolu ethanol seeds extract was studied in high fat diet induced dyslipidemic rats.Forty five (45) Wstar rats were grouped into 5 groups of 9 rats each. The animals were allowed 7 days acclimatization period. Group 1 was the control group and it received normal rat chow and water throughout the study. Groups 2 to 5 were given high fat diet for 14 days after which they were given normal rat chow till the end of the study. At the end of the 14 days, group 2 was not treated while group 3-5 were treated with 250, 500 and 1000mg/kg b.w ethanol extract of Irvingia wombolu seeds respectively for 28 days. The lipid profile of animals was evaluated three times: first after 14 days induction period (phase 1) i.e day 0 of treatment, second was taken 14 days after treatment (phase 2), third was taken 28 days after treatment (phase 3). The study lasted for 49 days and dimethyl sulphoxide was used as a vehicle for the extract. In phase 1, all the groups fed with high fat diet showed an increase in low density lipoprotein (LDL) triglyceride, total cholesterol and a decrease in high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. In phase 2 there was a decrease in LDL, triglyceride and total cholesterol level in addition to increase in HDL for animals in all the treatment groups. It was observed that in phase 3 only 250mg/kg group showed a progressive decrease in LDL, triglyceride, total cholesterol and an increase in HDL levels while 500 and 1000 mg/kg b.w showed an increase in LDL, triglyceride and total cholesterol level and a decrease in HDL. The result of the present study demonstrated the antidyslipidemic effect of ethanol extract of Irvingia wombolu seeds at lower dose. ","PeriodicalId":166410,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Africana","volume":"98 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140978544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The research investigated the comparative morpho-anatomy of two sedges (Cyperus cyperoides (L.) Kuntze and Cyperus rotundus L.), members of the family Cyperaceae. They are perennial herbs and the former commonly known as commonflat sedge and the latter nut sedge or purple nutsedge. The epidermal peels were obtained by standard methods. The samples were fixed in formaldehyde, glacial acetic acid, 70% alcohol in the ratio of 1:1:18, dehydrated in alcohol solutions of 50%, 70%, 90%, absolute and sectioned, stained in 2% aqueous solution of Safranin O, counter stained in Alcian blue, mounted in glycerine.The result on epidermal studies showcased both kidney and dumbbell-shaped guard cells, graminaceous stomata which is amphistomatic for both species. The anatomical studies revealed scattered vascular bundies in ground tissues of stems, bulliform cells at adaxial foliar organs. The pith sections have large pith and a single row of barrel shaped endodermis prominently pronounced. The research findings here would assist in improving upon already existing knowledge about C. cyperoides and C rotundus.
{"title":"Comparative morpho-anatomy of two sedges (Cyperus cyperoides(L.) Kuntze and Cyperus rotundus","authors":"C. Wahua, M. Abass","doi":"10.4314/sa.v23i2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sa.v23i2.10","url":null,"abstract":"The research investigated the comparative morpho-anatomy of two sedges (Cyperus cyperoides (L.) Kuntze and Cyperus rotundus L.), members of the family Cyperaceae. They are perennial herbs and the former commonly known as commonflat sedge and the latter nut sedge or purple nutsedge. The epidermal peels were obtained by standard methods. The samples were fixed in formaldehyde, glacial acetic acid, 70% alcohol in the ratio of 1:1:18, dehydrated in alcohol solutions of 50%, 70%, 90%, absolute and sectioned, stained in 2% aqueous solution of Safranin O, counter stained in Alcian blue, mounted in glycerine.The result on epidermal studies showcased both kidney and dumbbell-shaped guard cells, graminaceous stomata which is amphistomatic for both species. The anatomical studies revealed scattered vascular bundies in ground tissues of stems, bulliform cells at adaxial foliar organs. The pith sections have large pith and a single row of barrel shaped endodermis prominently pronounced. The research findings here would assist in improving upon already existing knowledge about C. cyperoides and C rotundus. ","PeriodicalId":166410,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Africana","volume":"22 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140982232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tochi Ifeoma Cookey, D.S. Isheke, M. Elenwo, C. M. Enemchukwu, H. Innocent-Adiele, C. C. Adim, E. N. Onu, A. Awanye, G. A. Nwankwo, M. U. Igwe, I. Okonko
The syphilis-causing agent, Treponema pallidum, has long posed a threat to public health. In sub- Saharan Africa, it is a significant public health issue and is common in developing nations. This study looked into the syphilis prevalence among patients at Rivers State's Ogbakiri General Hospital. Eighty-nine samples were used in total for this investigation after haemolysing; those with fibrin and heavy particles were discarded. For these samples, stratified socio-demographic data were used. In the population, 31 (34.8%) patients were males and 58 (65.2%) were females. Ages ranged from 18 to 75, individuals between the ages of 18 and 30 made up 56.2% of the population; patients between the ages of 31 and 40 made up 10.1% patients between the ages of 41 and 60 made up 21.4% and patients aged 61 and beyond made up 12.4%. Also, 38 (42.7%) and 51 (57.3%) of the population, respectively, were singles and married, 13 (14.6%) of the study population had primary education, 45 (50.6%) had secondary education, and 23 (25.8%) had postsecondary education, according to the results of the educational status analysis. Based on occupational status, there were 8 (8.9%) nurses. According to the study, 2.2% of those who tested were positive for syphilis. Syphilis was found to be more common in people aged 61 to 75 (9.1%), males (3.2%), singles (5.3%) and higher educational status (4.3%). According to this report, Ogbakiri, Nigeria's Rivers State has a relatively low syphilis prevalence compared to other areas in the country.
{"title":"Detection of syphilis among patients attending a General Hospital in Ogbakiri, River State, Nigeria","authors":"Tochi Ifeoma Cookey, D.S. Isheke, M. Elenwo, C. M. Enemchukwu, H. Innocent-Adiele, C. C. Adim, E. N. Onu, A. Awanye, G. A. Nwankwo, M. U. Igwe, I. Okonko","doi":"10.4314/sa.v23i2.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sa.v23i2.16","url":null,"abstract":"The syphilis-causing agent, Treponema pallidum, has long posed a threat to public health. In sub- Saharan Africa, it is a significant public health issue and is common in developing nations. This study looked into the syphilis prevalence among patients at Rivers State's Ogbakiri General Hospital. Eighty-nine samples were used in total for this investigation after haemolysing; those with fibrin and heavy particles were discarded. For these samples, stratified socio-demographic data were used. In the population, 31 (34.8%) patients were males and 58 (65.2%) were females. Ages ranged from 18 to 75, individuals between the ages of 18 and 30 made up 56.2% of the population; patients between the ages of 31 and 40 made up 10.1% patients between the ages of 41 and 60 made up 21.4% and patients aged 61 and beyond made up 12.4%. Also, 38 (42.7%) and 51 (57.3%) of the population, respectively, were singles and married, 13 (14.6%) of the study population had primary education, 45 (50.6%) had secondary education, and 23 (25.8%) had postsecondary education, according to the results of the educational status analysis. Based on occupational status, there were 8 (8.9%) nurses. According to the study, 2.2% of those who tested were positive for syphilis. Syphilis was found to be more common in people aged 61 to 75 (9.1%), males (3.2%), singles (5.3%) and higher educational status (4.3%). According to this report, Ogbakiri, Nigeria's Rivers State has a relatively low syphilis prevalence compared to other areas in the country. ","PeriodicalId":166410,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Africana","volume":"31 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140979356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cissus populnea, a plant native to West Tropical Africa, has garnered attention, particularly for its use in traditional medicine to improve genital erection in males. Accordingly, this study investigated the possible protective effects of aqueous leaf extract of Cissus populnea (ACPE) against lead acetate-induced testicular toxicity in Wistar rats. Twenty adult Wistar rats were divided into four groups and administered various treatments, including 50mg/kg body weight (BW) of lead acetate, 1000 mg/kg BW of ACPE, or a combination of both, for 28 days via an orogastric tube. Thereafter, animals were sacrificed and various parameters, including body weight changes, sperm quality, and histology of testes were evaluated. Lead acetate exposure led to significant (P<0.05) weight loss, reduction in sperm count and motility as well as histological alterations of the testes. However, ACPE treatment significantly (P<0.05) mitigated the adverse effects induced by lead in the testes of exposed rats. Taken together, these findings underscore the potential of Cissus populnea as a possible protective agent against lead-induced testicular toxicity, thus offering important insights for future treatment options derived from natural sources.
{"title":"Evaluation of the protective activity of aqueous leaf extract of Cissus populnea against lead-induced testicular toxicity in Wistar rats.","authors":"O.U. Idemudia, O.I. Momodu","doi":"10.4314/sa.v23i2.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sa.v23i2.25","url":null,"abstract":"Cissus populnea, a plant native to West Tropical Africa, has garnered attention, particularly for its use in traditional medicine to improve genital erection in males. Accordingly, this study investigated the possible protective effects of aqueous leaf extract of Cissus populnea (ACPE) against lead acetate-induced testicular toxicity in Wistar rats. Twenty adult Wistar rats were divided into four groups and administered various treatments, including 50mg/kg body weight (BW) of lead acetate, 1000 mg/kg BW of ACPE, or a combination of both, for 28 days via an orogastric tube. Thereafter, animals were sacrificed and various parameters, including body weight changes, sperm quality, and histology of testes were evaluated. Lead acetate exposure led to significant (P<0.05) weight loss, reduction in sperm count and motility as well as histological alterations of the testes. However, ACPE treatment significantly (P<0.05) mitigated the adverse effects induced by lead in the testes of exposed rats. Taken together, these findings underscore the potential of Cissus populnea as a possible protective agent against lead-induced testicular toxicity, thus offering important insights for future treatment options derived from natural sources. ","PeriodicalId":166410,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Africana","volume":"34 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140979214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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