Journal of paediatrics and child health最新文献

Background: New Zealand's sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI) rates remain high, and ethnic disparities appear to be increasing. This study describes the characteristics and circumstances of these deaths.

Methods: Coronial data identified 101 SUDI cases in 2022-2023. Sociodemographic factors, sleep environment, and maternal smoking and/or vaping were analysed and compared with previous years.

Results: The SUDI rate was 0.87/1000 live births. Rates among Māori (1.97/1000) and Pacific (0.91/1000) infants were higher than those among Europeans (0.17/1000). 72.3% of cases occurred while direct bed sharing. Maternal smoking was reported in 51.5% of cases, vaping in 30.3%, and smoking and/or vaping in 72.7%. Vaping was more likely in bed-sharing than non-bed-sharing deaths (p = 0.003). Compared with New Zealand studies from 1987 to 1990 and 2012 to 2015, current cases show increasing proportions of Māori and Pacific infants, older mothers, back sleeping and direct bed sharing.

Conclusions: SUDI rates remain unacceptably high with widening ethnic disparities. The proportion of deaths associated with direct bed sharing is striking and is increasing. Vaping appears to be an emerging SUDI risk factor, especially when combined with direct bed sharing. Further studies examining the association of vaping with SUDI are urgently needed.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the contribution of home-prepared school lunches to daily energy intake and their potential influence on obesity risk among primary school children.

Methods: A total of 399 students (200 girls, 199 boys) aged 6-10 years (mean age 7.73 ± 1.2 years) from three primary schools in Arsin, Trabzon, were included. Researchers documented the contents of students' lunchboxes through photographs and administered a 'Nutrition Habits Data Collection Form' along with the KIDMED index. Anthropometric measurements were obtained. Nutrient intake and body mass index (BMI) were calculated using the CeviCal nutrient analysis programme. Statistical analyses involved ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U and chi-square tests, with p < 0.05 considered significant.

Results: Children with higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet exhibited significantly greater height (p < 0.05). Regular consumption of home-prepared lunches was associated with lower body weight and BMI (p < 0.05), whereas irregular lunchbox habits correlated with higher BMI despite taller stature. Overall, 4% of participants were classified as obese based on BMI percentiles, while 10.3% were obese according to weight classification. Notably, no first-grade students were obese, whereas 10.6% of fourth-grade students fell into the obese category (p < 0.05). Additionally, adequate hydration was positively associated with height.

Conclusion: Regular consumption of home-prepared school meals is associated with lower BMI values and a lower likelihood of obesity among primary school children. Promoting healthy dietary habits and adherence to high-quality nutrition at school may be a potential public health strategy associated with a lower risk of childhood obesity.

Aim: Nurses play a critical role in the insertion and maintenance of PIVC, and in monitoring and preventing complications and failures associated with this procedure. This study aimed to assess paediatric nurses' knowledge and confidence in the insertion and maintenance of peripheral intravenous catheters for paediatric patients in Saudi Arabia.

Design: A cross-sectional study was employed in this study METHODS: This study was conducted among 160 nurses working in paediatric wards, paediatric intensive care units, neonatal intensive care units, paediatric emergency units, and daycare units. The nurses completed an online survey using validated questionnaires to evaluate self-reported knowledge and confidence in PIVC insertion and maintenance.

Results: The study findings revealed that the nurses participating had inadequate knowledge of PIVC insertion (mean score: 4.47 ± 1.57) and maintenance (mean score: 5.5 ± 2.11) but high confidence in their ability to perform these procedures (mean score: 41.23 ± 7.37 for insertion and 38.33 ± 6.80 for maintenance). No significant association was observed between nurses' demographic variables, such as age, gender, level of education, working area, training, and experience, and their knowledge or confidence in PIVC insertion and maintenance.

Patient or public contribution: Based on the study findings, it highlights gaps in paediatric nurses' PIVC insertion and maintenance practice. Addressing these gaps requires targeted education and skill training, which can potentially lead to enhanced success rates for procedures, decrease complications, as well as increase the safety and quality of care given to critically ill paediatric patients.

Objective: Febrile seizure (FS) is the most common seizure type in childhood, affecting 2%-5% of children, usually between 12 and 18 months of age. While generally benign, recurrence occurs in a substantial proportion of cases. This study aimed to identify clinical risk factors associated with recurrent FS in children presenting with their first episode.

Methods: Medical records of 150 children aged 6-23 months who presented with a first FS to Zeynep Kamil Women's and Children's Training and Research Hospital between 2015 and 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic features, clinical and examination findings, electroencephalography (EEG) results, and the frequency and timing of recurrent FSs were analysed. Factors associated with recurrence within 3 years were evaluated.

Results: The cohort comprised 63 females and 87 males, with a mean age of 12.67 ± 4.40 months. Simple FS was observed in 64.7% and complex FS in 35.3%.A family history of FS was present in 52.7%, and epilepsy in 8.7%. Recurrence occurred in 80% of patients during follow-up. Complex FS (p = 0.037), family history of FS (p = 0.034), family history of epilepsy (p = 0.048), and a higher number of affected relatives (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with recurrence.

Conclusion: Identifying children at higher risk for recurrent FS is crucial for appropriate counselling. Complex FS and familial predisposition significantly increase recurrence risk.

Aims: When test results are reanalysed after a patient has been discharged from a service, 'recontact' can be necessary to inform them of pertinent new information. This scoping review aims to investigate perspectives of clinical healthcare professionals on this recontact and its associated considerations.

Methods: We searched Medline and Embase for studies investigating the perspectives of healthcare professionals on patient recontact.

Results: Of 518 articles identified, 13 articles were included in the review. All 13 articles examined recontact in the setting of genetics. There was a consensus that recontact can be necessary, but there was disagreement about where the responsibility to initiate it lies. Challenges identified included logistical strain and validating patient consent.

Conclusion: Patient recontact is seen as important, but concerns around workload drive a lack of consensus around where the responsibility to recontact lies. There is scope for more research on the implications of recontact outside the field of genetics, and clarification is needed around reasonable expectations of recontact in different clinical situations.