Background. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is endemic in Southeast Asia and the Philippines. Novel treatments are desirable due to the high disease burden and adverse effects of existing modalities. Detection of WT1 expression via immunohistochemistry has been reported in many tumors. Moreover, immunotherapy via WT1 peptide vaccination has shown promising results in a wide range of malignancies. No studies on WT1 expression in NPC have been published in any population. Objective. Documenting WT1 expression in NPC via immunohistochemistry may provide insight into the possibility of using WT1 vaccination for this disease. Methodology. This was a retrospective descriptive study. All newly-diagnosed cases of NPC from 2016 to 2017 with samples stored in the Department of Laboratories of the Philippine General Hospital were considered. Cases were included based on specific criteria. The tumor classification of each case was reviewed and WT1 immunohistochemistry staining was performed. Assessment of the strength of WT1 immunostaining was conducted. The results were analyzed using Chi-square test for association with fisher exact correction. Results. A total of 57 cases were included, all of which were non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinomas (NK-SCCs). Forty-nine were undifferentiated type while eight were differentiated type. The mean age was 48 years. Two thirds were male, one third were female. Seventeen of the 57 cases (29.8%) were positive for WT1 immunostaining, and all were undifferentiated type. The majority (82.32%) of the positive cases showed cytoplasmic expression. There was a significant association between tumor classification and WT1 staining. Conclusion. Similar to studies conducted in other carcinomas, a considerable subset of NPCs express WT1. This finding opens other avenues for exploration, including the feasibility of WT1 peptide vaccination as a treatment option. Further studies on the associations between WT1 and NPC are recommended.
{"title":"Immunohistochemical Expression of WT1 in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Among Filipino Patients in a Tertiary Hospital","authors":"Criston Van Manasan, J. M. Atun, J. Carnate","doi":"10.21141/PJP.2019.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21141/PJP.2019.05","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is endemic in Southeast Asia and the Philippines. Novel treatments are desirable due to the high disease burden and adverse effects of existing modalities. Detection of WT1 expression via immunohistochemistry has been reported in many tumors. Moreover, immunotherapy via WT1 peptide vaccination has shown promising results in a wide range of malignancies. No studies on WT1 expression in NPC have been published in any population. Objective. Documenting WT1 expression in NPC via immunohistochemistry may provide insight into the possibility of using WT1 vaccination for this disease. Methodology. This was a retrospective descriptive study. All newly-diagnosed cases of NPC from 2016 to 2017 with samples stored in the Department of Laboratories of the Philippine General Hospital were considered. Cases were included based on specific criteria. The tumor classification of each case was reviewed and WT1 immunohistochemistry staining was performed. Assessment of the strength of WT1 immunostaining was conducted. The results were analyzed using Chi-square test for association with fisher exact correction. Results. A total of 57 cases were included, all of which were non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinomas (NK-SCCs). Forty-nine were undifferentiated type while eight were differentiated type. The mean age was 48 years. Two thirds were male, one third were female. Seventeen of the 57 cases (29.8%) were positive for WT1 immunostaining, and all were undifferentiated type. The majority (82.32%) of the positive cases showed cytoplasmic expression. There was a significant association between tumor classification and WT1 staining. Conclusion. Similar to studies conducted in other carcinomas, a considerable subset of NPCs express WT1. This finding opens other avenues for exploration, including the feasibility of WT1 peptide vaccination as a treatment option. Further studies on the associations between WT1 and NPC are recommended.","PeriodicalId":166708,"journal":{"name":"Philippine Journal of Pathology","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127298197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The emergence of improved multi-modal diagnostics including functional imaging has enabled the diagnosis of more nonpalpable breast lesions. Lesions diagnosed as early unifocal breast cancers are amenable to breast-conserving surgery (BCS). The precise localization of these lesions is a caveat to its complete removal along with sufficient surgical margins and the preservation of normal breast tissues. Carbon marking is an alternative to needle wire localization that is easy to perform and simplifies the workflow of the multidisciplinary team involved in breast cancer care.
{"title":"Wire-Free Virtual Breast Localization Using Liquid Carbon Nanoparticles","authors":"Ma. Theresa Buenaflor, Ricardo Victorio Quimbo, N.San Agustin","doi":"10.21141/PJP.2019.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21141/PJP.2019.08","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of improved multi-modal diagnostics including functional imaging has enabled the diagnosis of more nonpalpable breast lesions. Lesions diagnosed as early unifocal breast cancers are amenable to breast-conserving surgery (BCS). The precise localization of these lesions is a caveat to its complete removal along with sufficient surgical margins and the preservation of normal breast tissues. Carbon marking is an alternative to needle wire localization that is easy to perform and simplifies the workflow of the multidisciplinary team involved in breast cancer care.","PeriodicalId":166708,"journal":{"name":"Philippine Journal of Pathology","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115160538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Carnate, Leila Salera, C. Castillo, Jay Hansel Tabije
We report a case a of oral carcinoma cuniculatum, an exophytic variant of oral squamous cell carcinoma that has bland cytomorphologic features, and a peculiar and characteristic growth pattern. Despite the lack of cytologic atypia, the tumor exhibited locally aggressive and infiltrative behavior with bone and cutaneous involvement. Pertinent benign and malignant mimics, and helpful differentiating features are also discussed.
{"title":"Oral Carcinoma Cuniculatum: A Case Report","authors":"J. Carnate, Leila Salera, C. Castillo, Jay Hansel Tabije","doi":"10.21141/PJP.2019.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21141/PJP.2019.06","url":null,"abstract":"We report a case a of oral carcinoma cuniculatum, an exophytic variant of oral squamous cell carcinoma that has bland cytomorphologic features, and a peculiar and characteristic growth pattern. Despite the lack of cytologic atypia, the tumor exhibited locally aggressive and infiltrative behavior with bone and cutaneous involvement. Pertinent benign and malignant mimics, and helpful differentiating features are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":166708,"journal":{"name":"Philippine Journal of Pathology","volume":"174 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131412716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Benkassar Abdurajak, Servando D. Halili, Alyasa’ Abubakar
Background. Betel quid chewing has been reported to have carcinogenic properties due to the presence of harmful compounds present in its ingredients. The oral mucosa is directly exposed to these carcinogenic compounds which could cause pathological changes and lead to malignancies. Micronucleus is a biomarker that indicates genetic alteration could form due to exposure from carcinogenic substances that can be attributed from betel quid chewing. Thus, a person’s oral health status can be gauged through the detection of micronucleus in buccal cells. Objective. A cross-sectional study was done to compare the presence of micronuclei in buccal epithelial cells between betel quid chewers and non-betel quid chewers in Zamboanga City. Methodology. Purposive sampling was used to enroll the 104 participants (52 betel quid chewers and 52 non-betel quid chewers). The demographic profiles and betel quid chewing habits of the participants were obtained using a questionnaire. Buccal cells samples were collected using clean and dry tongue depressors and were smeared directly onto pre-cleaned glass slides. Slides were processed for Papanicolaou staining by a medical technologist. For each slide, 1000 buccal cells were examined using a light microscope with an attached camera. Photomicrographs of buccal cells with micronuclei were taken. Two pathologists separately validated the results through the photomicrographs. Intraclass correlation coefficient for inter-rater reliability gave a value of 1 which indicates high reliability among observers. Results. The median of the frequency of micronuclei among betel quid chewers and non-betel quid chewers were 56.5 and 36, respectively. Mann-Whitney U test revealed a significant difference ( p =0.031) at α=0.05 in the Micronuclei frequency between the 2 groups. There were 36.5% of betel quid chewers who have Micronuclei frequency above the cut-off value and on the other hand, 15.4% among the non-betel quid chewers. Pearson’s correlation coefficient revealed that there was a very weak negative relationship (r=-0.072) between total Micronuclei frequency and length of time of betel quid exposure among the exposed group. Conclusion. Betel-quid chewers have significantly higher frequency of micronuclei compared to non-betel quid chewers which puts them at higher risk for developing oral malignancies.
{"title":"Buccal Cell Micronuclei among Betel Quid Chewers and Non-Betel Quid Chewers from Selected Barangays in Zamboanga City","authors":"Benkassar Abdurajak, Servando D. Halili, Alyasa’ Abubakar","doi":"10.21141/PJP.2019.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21141/PJP.2019.04","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Betel quid chewing has been reported to have carcinogenic properties due to the presence of harmful compounds present in its ingredients. The oral mucosa is directly exposed to these carcinogenic compounds which could cause pathological changes and lead to malignancies. Micronucleus is a biomarker that indicates genetic alteration could form due to exposure from carcinogenic substances that can be attributed from betel quid chewing. Thus, a person’s oral health status can be gauged through the detection of micronucleus in buccal cells. Objective. A cross-sectional study was done to compare the presence of micronuclei in buccal epithelial cells between betel quid chewers and non-betel quid chewers in Zamboanga City. Methodology. Purposive sampling was used to enroll the 104 participants (52 betel quid chewers and 52 non-betel quid chewers). The demographic profiles and betel quid chewing habits of the participants were obtained using a questionnaire. Buccal cells samples were collected using clean and dry tongue depressors and were smeared directly onto pre-cleaned glass slides. Slides were processed for Papanicolaou staining by a medical technologist. For each slide, 1000 buccal cells were examined using a light microscope with an attached camera. Photomicrographs of buccal cells with micronuclei were taken. Two pathologists separately validated the results through the photomicrographs. Intraclass correlation coefficient for inter-rater reliability gave a value of 1 which indicates high reliability among observers. Results. The median of the frequency of micronuclei among betel quid chewers and non-betel quid chewers were 56.5 and 36, respectively. Mann-Whitney U test revealed a significant difference ( p =0.031) at α=0.05 in the Micronuclei frequency between the 2 groups. There were 36.5% of betel quid chewers who have Micronuclei frequency above the cut-off value and on the other hand, 15.4% among the non-betel quid chewers. Pearson’s correlation coefficient revealed that there was a very weak negative relationship (r=-0.072) between total Micronuclei frequency and length of time of betel quid exposure among the exposed group. Conclusion. Betel-quid chewers have significantly higher frequency of micronuclei compared to non-betel quid chewers which puts them at higher risk for developing oral malignancies.","PeriodicalId":166708,"journal":{"name":"Philippine Journal of Pathology","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125688604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Post-obstructive pulmonary edema (POPE), a form of non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, is a significant entity in anesthesiology and head/neck surgery. This rapidly developing and life-threatening condition occurs following the relief of the obstruction in the upper airways. This condition has two main categories with distinct etiology. We report the case of a 62-year-old Filipino female who developed POPE after the removal of the endotracheal tube following a routine biopsy of her maxillary mass. Immediately after the removal of the endotracheal tube, she presented with episodes of hypotension and desaturation. Chest x-ray post-re-intubation revealed bilateral lung opacities. The autopsy findings of the respiratory and cardiovascular system are presented.
{"title":"Autopsy Findings in a Patient with Post-Obstructive Pulmonary Edema","authors":"Ma Santos, A. Chang, Jimmy V. Chang","doi":"10.21141/PJP.2019.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21141/PJP.2019.07","url":null,"abstract":"Post-obstructive pulmonary edema (POPE), a form of non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, is a significant entity in anesthesiology and head/neck surgery. This rapidly developing and life-threatening condition occurs following the relief of the obstruction in the upper airways. This condition has two main categories with distinct etiology. We report the case of a 62-year-old Filipino female who developed POPE after the removal of the endotracheal tube following a routine biopsy of her maxillary mass. Immediately after the removal of the endotracheal tube, she presented with episodes of hypotension and desaturation. Chest x-ray post-re-intubation revealed bilateral lung opacities. The autopsy findings of the respiratory and cardiovascular system are presented.","PeriodicalId":166708,"journal":{"name":"Philippine Journal of Pathology","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126820982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sherwin Galit, D. Tangcalagan, Julius Matt Rapanut, Alexander Sadiasa, Prince Ninja Borromeo Bautista, Kim Joshua Miranda Dominguez, J. Banaga, Celine Bernice Abaño Roxas, R. Navarro, Mark Philip Bugayong, J. Luchavez, M. Mondoy, L. Sombrero, S. Lupisan
OBJECTIVE The Research Institute for Tropical Medicine (RITM)–National Reference Laboratory (NRL) for Malaria and Other Parasites, mandated by the Department of Health–Philippines (DOH), administers an annual Proficiency Test (PT) in diagnostic medical parasitology to clinical laboratories throughout the Philippines through the National External Quality Assessment Scheme (NEQAS). The PT in Parasitology aims to monitor and evaluate the capability of Philippine laboratories in the identification of blood and intestinal parasites, and the estimation of malaria parasite density in malaria-infected blood films. As of 2018, participation in the NEQAS is an annual requirement by the Department of Health–Health Facilities and Services Regulatory Bureau (DOH-HFSRB) for each clinical laboratory to obtain a license to operate. This report aims to summarize the results of the PT for Parasitology and assess the performance of participating laboratories in malaria and fecal parasite microscopy from 2009 to 2015. METHODOLOGY RITM–NRL oriented clinical laboratories in the NEQAS in 2008. Laboratories submitted their accomplished enrolment forms to RITM–NRL and paid fees to enroll in the PT in 2009 to 2015. Participating laboratories identified the species of malaria in blood films and the parasite/s in formalin-preserved fecal specimens. Estimation of parasite density in malaria blood films was performed as well. RESULTS One thousand five hundred forty laboratories participated in 2009 to 2015. Mean and median scores in all seven years were below the cut-off score of 80. Schistosoma japonicum was the most difficult to identify with only 7.7% of laboratories having correct identification result. Majority of participants in 2010 to 2014 gave malaria parasite density estimates outside the acceptable range. CONCLUSION Microscopy requires skill that is honed through training and refresher courses in order to enhance and maintain the quality of performance of laboratorians in diagnostic parasitology.
{"title":"The National External Quality Assessment Scheme for Diagnostic Medical Parasitology in the Philippines, 2009–2015","authors":"Sherwin Galit, D. Tangcalagan, Julius Matt Rapanut, Alexander Sadiasa, Prince Ninja Borromeo Bautista, Kim Joshua Miranda Dominguez, J. Banaga, Celine Bernice Abaño Roxas, R. Navarro, Mark Philip Bugayong, J. Luchavez, M. Mondoy, L. Sombrero, S. Lupisan","doi":"10.21141/PJP.2019.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21141/PJP.2019.03","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE The Research Institute for Tropical Medicine (RITM)–National Reference Laboratory (NRL) for Malaria and Other Parasites, mandated by the Department of Health–Philippines (DOH), administers an annual Proficiency Test (PT) in diagnostic medical parasitology to clinical laboratories throughout the Philippines through the National External Quality Assessment Scheme (NEQAS). The PT in Parasitology aims to monitor and evaluate the capability of Philippine laboratories in the identification of blood and intestinal parasites, and the estimation of malaria parasite density in malaria-infected blood films. As of 2018, participation in the NEQAS is an annual requirement by the Department of Health–Health Facilities and Services Regulatory Bureau (DOH-HFSRB) for each clinical laboratory to obtain a license to operate. This report aims to summarize the results of the PT for Parasitology and assess the performance of participating laboratories in malaria and fecal parasite microscopy from 2009 to 2015. METHODOLOGY RITM–NRL oriented clinical laboratories in the NEQAS in 2008. Laboratories submitted their accomplished enrolment forms to RITM–NRL and paid fees to enroll in the PT in 2009 to 2015. Participating laboratories identified the species of malaria in blood films and the parasite/s in formalin-preserved fecal specimens. Estimation of parasite density in malaria blood films was performed as well. RESULTS One thousand five hundred forty laboratories participated in 2009 to 2015. Mean and median scores in all seven years were below the cut-off score of 80. Schistosoma japonicum was the most difficult to identify with only 7.7% of laboratories having correct identification result. Majority of participants in 2010 to 2014 gave malaria parasite density estimates outside the acceptable range. CONCLUSION Microscopy requires skill that is honed through training and refresher courses in order to enhance and maintain the quality of performance of laboratorians in diagnostic parasitology.","PeriodicalId":166708,"journal":{"name":"Philippine Journal of Pathology","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133997364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: This study aims to assess the predictive value of histologic characteristics in determination of hormone receptor (ER/PR) and HER-2/Neu status in patients with invasive breast carcinoma of no special type (NST). Methodology: A 4-year review of histopathology and immunohistochemistry reports of women diagnosed with invasive carcinoma NST, was done. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine the association between histologic characteristics and ER and PR status, while multinomial multiple logistic regression was used to determine the association between histologic characteristics and HER-2 status, and that between ER and PR expression, and HER-2 immunoreactivity. All analyses included age, pathologic tumor size, lymph node stage, and lymphovascular space invasion as covariates. Results: A total of 137 cases were included in the study. Architectural grade is a significant positive predictor of equivocal HER-2 status ( P =0.026). Nuclear grade is a significant negative predictor of ER status ( P =0.031). Elston score and Nottingham histologic grade showed no significant association with hormone receptor and HER-2 status. ER status demonstrated no significant association with HER-2 expression, but PR status appears to be a significant negative predictor of a strongly positive HER-2 status ( P =0.035). Lymph node stage seems to be a significant positive predictor of an equivocal HER-2 status. Conclusion: Histologic characteristics can predict ER, PR, and HER-2 status, and interactions between expression of these markers provide some insights regarding the complex genetic interactions in the pathogenesis of breast cancer, and its translation into different histologic phenotypes.
{"title":"Predictive Value of Histologic Characteristics on Hormone Receptor and HER-2 Status of Patients with Invasive Breast Carcinoma, No Special Type, in an Academic Medical Center","authors":"Kevin Elomina, Ma. Carmen Cagampan","doi":"10.21141/PJP.2019.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21141/PJP.2019.02","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study aims to assess the predictive value of histologic characteristics in determination of hormone receptor (ER/PR) and HER-2/Neu status in patients with invasive breast carcinoma of no special type (NST). Methodology: A 4-year review of histopathology and immunohistochemistry reports of women diagnosed with invasive carcinoma NST, was done. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine the association between histologic characteristics and ER and PR status, while multinomial multiple logistic regression was used to determine the association between histologic characteristics and HER-2 status, and that between ER and PR expression, and HER-2 immunoreactivity. All analyses included age, pathologic tumor size, lymph node stage, and lymphovascular space invasion as covariates. Results: A total of 137 cases were included in the study. Architectural grade is a significant positive predictor of equivocal HER-2 status ( P =0.026). Nuclear grade is a significant negative predictor of ER status ( P =0.031). Elston score and Nottingham histologic grade showed no significant association with hormone receptor and HER-2 status. ER status demonstrated no significant association with HER-2 expression, but PR status appears to be a significant negative predictor of a strongly positive HER-2 status ( P =0.035). Lymph node stage seems to be a significant positive predictor of an equivocal HER-2 status. Conclusion: Histologic characteristics can predict ER, PR, and HER-2 status, and interactions between expression of these markers provide some insights regarding the complex genetic interactions in the pathogenesis of breast cancer, and its translation into different histologic phenotypes.","PeriodicalId":166708,"journal":{"name":"Philippine Journal of Pathology","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116156336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pathology, a basic science course in medical schools is a highly visual subject that requires examination of tissues using a microscope. With progressive technological advancements, the use of time-tested optical microscopes in teaching is seemingly slowly replaced by virtual microscopy that many medical schools in developed countries proved its numerous advantages. In our setting, digital pathology is not yet fully integrated in medical school. Although a few medical institutions in the country may have started this technology, there are still a lot to explore with virtual microscopy that will unlock its full potential of revolutionizing medical education in the future.
{"title":"Digital Pathology: An Innovative Approach to Medical Education","authors":"L. Sagun, Randell Arias","doi":"10.21141/PJP.2018.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21141/PJP.2018.009","url":null,"abstract":"Pathology, a basic science course in medical schools is a highly visual subject that requires examination of tissues using a microscope. With progressive technological advancements, the use of time-tested optical microscopes in teaching is seemingly slowly replaced by virtual microscopy that many medical schools in developed countries proved its numerous advantages. In our setting, digital pathology is not yet fully integrated in medical school. Although a few medical institutions in the country may have started this technology, there are still a lot to explore with virtual microscopy that will unlock its full potential of revolutionizing medical education in the future.","PeriodicalId":166708,"journal":{"name":"Philippine Journal of Pathology","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123047887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective. The study was undertaken to determine if commercially bottled purified water can be used as substitute instrument feed water for three (3) newborn screening immunoassays. Methdology. A total of 294 control samples and 300 patient samples were included in this study. Accuracy and precision studies using control samples, and parallel testing using patient samples, were done to compare the use of clinical laboratory reagent water (CLRW) and commercially bottled purified water (CBPW) in the performance of automated time-resolved fluorescent immunoassay of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), 17α-OH-progesterone (17-OHP) and immunoreactive trypsinogen (IRT). Results. The use of CBPW as instrument feed water for measurements of TSH, 17-OHP and IRT levels by automated time-resolved fluorescent immunoassay using AutoDELFIA (Perkin-Elmer) in NBS has an acceptable accuracy and precision compared to using CLRW. The parallel testing using patient samples showed that, overall, the performance of using CBPW in automated time-resolved fluorescent immunoassay for TSH, 17-OHP, and IRT is acceptable, compared with using CLRW as instrument feed water. Conclusion. Commercially bottled purified water can be used as substitute when setting up a laboratory water purification system is too expensive for a laboratory, or as back up to clinical laboratory reagent water when there is breakdown of the installed water purification system to be used as instrument feed water in automated time-resolved fluorescent immunoassay of TSH, 17-OHP and IRT in NBS using AutoDELFIA (Perkin-Elmer).
{"title":"Commercially Bottled Purified Water as an Alternative Instrument Feed Water in Automated Time-Resolved Fluorescent Immunoassay for TSH, 17-OHP and IRT in Neonatal Screening","authors":"E. Villanueva, Roel Martin Bumalay, J. M. Rivera","doi":"10.21141/PJP.2018.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21141/PJP.2018.011","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. The study was undertaken to determine if commercially bottled purified water can be used as substitute instrument feed water for three (3) newborn screening immunoassays. Methdology. A total of 294 control samples and 300 patient samples were included in this study. Accuracy and precision studies using control samples, and parallel testing using patient samples, were done to compare the use of clinical laboratory reagent water (CLRW) and commercially bottled purified water (CBPW) in the performance of automated time-resolved fluorescent immunoassay of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), 17α-OH-progesterone (17-OHP) and immunoreactive trypsinogen (IRT). Results. The use of CBPW as instrument feed water for measurements of TSH, 17-OHP and IRT levels by automated time-resolved fluorescent immunoassay using AutoDELFIA (Perkin-Elmer) in NBS has an acceptable accuracy and precision compared to using CLRW. The parallel testing using patient samples showed that, overall, the performance of using CBPW in automated time-resolved fluorescent immunoassay for TSH, 17-OHP, and IRT is acceptable, compared with using CLRW as instrument feed water. Conclusion. Commercially bottled purified water can be used as substitute when setting up a laboratory water purification system is too expensive for a laboratory, or as back up to clinical laboratory reagent water when there is breakdown of the installed water purification system to be used as instrument feed water in automated time-resolved fluorescent immunoassay of TSH, 17-OHP and IRT in NBS using AutoDELFIA (Perkin-Elmer).","PeriodicalId":166708,"journal":{"name":"Philippine Journal of Pathology","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124882997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kenneth Aristotle Punzalan, Rhoda Yu, Iza Mae Chamen
The External Quality Assessment Scheme (EQAS) evaluates the performance of participating laboratories through an external agency by which known blinded samples are sent to participants for analysis, and their performance evaluated and monitored. The Transfusion Transmissible Infections – National Reference Laboratory provides an external quality assessment scheme for transfusion transmissible infections to blood service facilities in the Philippines with the aim of raising the standards of quality testing in infectious diseases in blood units and as a mandatory requirement in the licensing of laboratories. In the 2017 test event, 180 participants were given an EQAS panel composed of the HVHT4120 serology program and the MLRA415 malaria program. Results were submitted through an online informatics system managed by OneWorld Accuracy Canada using the ISO 13528:2008 Robust Statistics method (Huber’s Method). Results were analyzed and evaluated with the reference result of the NRL to which non-concordant results would be marked aberrant. From the 14,392 generated results from the HVHT4120 program and 885 generated results from the MLRA415 program, 51 (0.35%) results and 86 (9.72%) results were reported as aberrant respectively. The aberrant results reported were either due to random or systematic errors. Analyzed data from this test event are used for the continuous improvement of their competencies and the renewal of their license to operate as required by the Department of Health.
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