Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis最新文献

{"title":"Investigation of the stability profile of therapeutic α-MSH analogue: Insights from liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry analysis of afamelanotide","authors":"Ashwini Chawathe ,&nbsp;Nitish Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.jpba.2026.117362","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpba.2026.117362","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Afamelanotide, also known as melanotan-1, is a synthetic 13-amino acid peptidomimetic of α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH), and is a critical peptide orphan drug used for the management of erythropoietic protoporphyria. It contains norleucine and <span>D</span>-phenylalanine at positions 4 and 7, in place of methionine and <span>L</span>-phenylalanine, respectively as found in endogenous peptide. Therapeutic peptide stability profiling is crucial in drug development because chemical and physical degradation during storage alters structural properties, potentially reducing efficacy and compromising safety by preventing target engagement. Stability testing for synthetic peptides is performed by following the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines Q1A(R2) and Q5C. The current work endeavours to explore afamelanotide’s degradation pathways under various chemical and physical stress conditions: acidic, basic, neutral, and oxidative stress, UV light exposure, and increased temperature at 60⁰C. The study demonstrated that afamelanotide undergoes degradation under all applied stress conditions with the generation of fourteen different degradation products (DPs) which were separated by gradient reversed-phase HPLC on a Zorbax SB C18 column (300 Å, 4.6*150 mm, 3.5 µm) and the method was validated according to the ICH Q2(R1) guideline. To enable comprehensive characterization, the analysis was coupled with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS/MS), where collision-induced dissociation yielded abundant and accurate fragmentation patterns, enabling the detailed structural elucidation of the products. While this work has identified several degradation pathways such as truncation, methylation, deacetylation, and oxidation, it also establishes complete stability profile of α-MSH analogue, thus offering key insights for the rational design of robust drug formulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16685,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 117362"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145981052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of fifteen compounds in rat plasma by UHPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS for pharmacokinetic study after oral administration of Euonymi herba extract","authors":"Fanjiao Zuo ,&nbsp;Peng Zhao ,&nbsp;Xueyu Liu,&nbsp;Huining Geng,&nbsp;Lu Chen,&nbsp;Jinyue Ma,&nbsp;Yameng Zhu,&nbsp;Zhenguo Lv,&nbsp;Ye Shang,&nbsp;Huizi Ouyang,&nbsp;Jun He","doi":"10.1016/j.jpba.2026.117358","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpba.2026.117358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Euonymi herba</em> (EH) was one of the traditional characteristic national medicines of Guangxi, which had various pharmacological activities such as hemostasis, anti-myocardial hypoxia, and anti-aging. This study established a reliable ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole linear ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous quantification of multiple components in rat plasma following oral administration of EH extract. The method demonstrated satisfactory specificity, excellent linearity (r ≥ 0.9938), acceptable precision (RSD ≤ 10.34 %), accuracy (ranging from −9.73–9.00 %), recovery (between 65.95 % and 111.75 %), matrix effect (between 60.49 % and 116.11 %) and stability (RSD ≤ 8.36 %), with all key parameters meeting acceptance criteria for bioanalytical method validation. The pharmacokinetic study yielded the profiles and parameters for ten components, revealing dulcitol as the compound with the highest exposure and fastest absorption. This work provides critical data for elucidating the pharmacologically active constituents of EH.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16685,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 117358"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of leprosy reactions using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy supervised by clinical evaluation","authors":"Paulo Cezar de Moraes ,&nbsp;Alessandra Koehler ,&nbsp;Letícia Maria Eidt ,&nbsp;Cristiane Almeida Soares Cattani ,&nbsp;Valeriano Antonio Corbellini ,&nbsp;Maria Lúcia Scroferneker","doi":"10.1016/j.jpba.2026.117354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpba.2026.117354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous, infectious and disabling disease, whose etiological agents are <em>Mycobacterium leprae</em> and <em>M. lepromatosis</em>. Leprosy reactions are the main causes of peripheral nerve damage and sequelae of the disease. There is no laboratory test that alone allows the identification of these episodes, causing delays in their diagnosis and treatment. The objective of this study was to propose a methodology based on Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to detect leprosy reactions in the saliva of leprosy patients, supervised by the clinical diagnosis of these episodes. A total of 131 saliva samples were included and analyzed by attenuated total reflection (ATR)-FTIR; a supervised analysis with partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), after orthogonal signal correction (OSC), was used to classify the samples into two groups: with and without leprosy reactions. The PLS-DA model with one latent variable and one OSC component showed 100 % sensitivity and specificity both in the calibration and prediction sets. Thus, all samples were correctly classified, allowing the diagnosis of leprosy reactions in saliva with high accuracy. Therefore, the FTIR-based chemometric model proved promising for the rapid and early identification of these episodes, contributing to clinical management of patients with leprosy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16685,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 117354"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145981050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling excretion behavior of polyethylene glycol 1000 with 13–26 subunits in rats by UHPLC-MS/MS","authors":"Xiaoyan Zhang ,&nbsp;Shuang Feng ,&nbsp;Ziluo Zhang ,&nbsp;Chuya Wang ,&nbsp;Yongshan Ai ,&nbsp;Yalin Xi ,&nbsp;Lei Yin ,&nbsp;Meiyun Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.jpba.2026.117353","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpba.2026.117353","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study established a robust and selective ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method to investigate the excretion behavior of polyethylene glycol 1000 (PEG1K) oligomers (N = 13–26) in rats. PEG is widely used in pharmaceutical applications, particularly in drug delivery systems, yet detailed excretion profiles of lower molecular weight PEGs remain insufficiently characterized. The developed method utilized ammonium adducts ([M+NH₄]⁺) as precursor ions in multiple reaction monitoring mode, enabling sensitive and high-throughput quantification of individual oligomers in biological matrices. Following intravenous administration in rats, excretion kinetics were monitored over 48 h. Cumulative recovery analysis revealed that renal excretion was the dominant elimination pathway, accounting for 47.30–68.52 % of the administered dose in urine, while fecal excretion represented only 0.66–3.38 %. These findings provide critical insights into the in vivo disposition of PEG1K, supporting its safety evaluation and rational application in drug formulation. The presented analytical platform offers a reliable tool for polymer pharmacokinetic studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16685,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 117353"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a simple labeling method using fluorescent protein fusion proteins targeting the membrane lipids of small extracellular vesicles","authors":"Yuki Kobayashi,&nbsp;Yuki Takahashi,&nbsp;Hiroto Otera,&nbsp;Yuriko Higuchi,&nbsp;Yoshinobu Takakura","doi":"10.1016/j.jpba.2026.117356","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpba.2026.117356","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extracellular vesicles (EV) are lipid-based nanoparticles naturally released by cells, exhibiting considerable heterogeneity in size, surface charge, and biomolecular composition. Recently, increasing attention has been directed toward the characterization of distinct EV-subpopulations, particularly based on unique surface antigen expression profiles. Therefore, a method for analyzing EV-subpopulations using versatile equipment would be highly valuable. In this study, we developed a labeling method for analyzing specific populations in small EVs (sEVs) distinguished by their levels phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure. For visualization, sEVs were labeled with two fusion proteins (enhanced green fluorescent protein [EGFP] linked to lactadherin [LA] and mCherry-Vn96) comprising a PS-binding protein or sEV-tropic peptide (Vn96) combined with fluorescent proteins. Using ultracentrifugation, bulk sEVs were collected, and a fraction of PS⁽⁻⁾ sEVs (PS⁽⁺⁾ sEV-depleted fraction) were isolated by depleting PS⁽⁺⁾ sEVs from bulk sEVs. In bulk sEVs, the colocalization of EGFP-LA and mCherry-Vn96-derived signals was detected. In contrast, the PS⁽⁺⁾ sEV-depleted fraction exhibited reduced EGFP-LA fluorescence signal, with only mCherry-Vn96 fluorescence remaining detectable. In conclusion, our labeling technique facilitates the identification and analysis of sEV-subpopulations using fluorescence microscopy in small sample volumes. This platform can also be adapted for broader applications by incorporating additional protein markers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16685,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 117356"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145981047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the therapeutic potential of Anoectochilus roxburghii in glucose and lipid metabolism disorder: From phenotypic effects to molecular mechanisms and network pharmacology","authors":"Wei Li ,&nbsp;Yaqian Cheng ,&nbsp;Tong Wu ,&nbsp;Chenning Zhao ,&nbsp;Qingsong Shao ,&nbsp;Lanying Pan ,&nbsp;Ying Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.jpba.2026.117360","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpba.2026.117360","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dysregulation of glucose and lipid metabolism has emerged as a leading cause of cardiovascular diseases worldwide. The current treatment for these diseases is often a combination of drugs. Despite the preference efficacy of combination therapies, adverse reactions have been frequently reported, such as gastrointestinal bleeding. <em>Anoectochilus roxburghii</em> (Wall.) Lindl<em>.</em>, one of the traditional Chinese medicines, is recognized for its hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic effects. However, the exact therapeutic potential of <em>A. roxburghii</em> in glucose and lipid metabolism remains unsolved. By employing <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> experiments, this study evaluated the pharmacological activities of <em>A. roxburghii</em> and identified the primary active compounds involved in glucose and lipid metabolism. The results indicated that <em>A. roxburghii</em> can ameliorate dysregulation in glucose and lipid metabolism by promoting glycogen synthesis, and inhibiting gluconeogenesis and fatty acid oxidation. Using UHPLC-QE-MS, a total of 662 compounds were detected in the aqueous extract of <em>A. roxburghii</em>, and 769 were identified in the ethanol extract. Key ingredients such as morin and kaempferol participated in glucose metabolism, while kinsenoside and naringenin modulating lipid metabolism. Furthermore, <em>A. roxburghii</em> may potentially intervene in the insulin resistance signaling pathway by influencing TP53 protein expression, thereby modulating glucose metabolism process. This research provides evidence for the development and application of <em>A. roxburghii</em> as potential drugs in the treatment of glucose and lipid disordered diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16685,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 117360"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated dual-molecular marker analysis with SSR and UPLC-Q-TOF/MS fingerprints technology reveal the interrelation of the molecule-metabolite in Morus alba L. leaves","authors":"Yuqing Tian ,&nbsp;Pei Ma ,&nbsp;Liang Wang ,&nbsp;Bei Song ,&nbsp;Jinghua Yang ,&nbsp;Dan Qian ,&nbsp;Wei Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.jpba.2026.117359","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpba.2026.117359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Morus alba</em> L. (<em>M. alba</em>) leaves, valued for their medicinal and edible properties, possess substantial economic and social importance. Notably, diverse germplasm resources of <em>M. alba</em> exhibit considerable variation in both metabolite composition and pharmacological activity. However, the interrelationships among genetic diversity, metabolites profiles, and pharmacological activity across different <em>M. alba</em> varieties remain insufficiently elucidated. This study aimed to construct simple sequence repeat (SSR) and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) fingerprints, together with antipyretic clustering diagrams, for 69 different varieties of <em>M. alba</em> leaves, and analyze the correlations among their genetic structures, metabolite profiles, and antipyretic activities. In this study, 69 <em>M. alba</em> leaf samples representing different varieties were collected, and their antipyretic effects were evaluated using a rat pharmacodynamic model. SSR fingerprints were generated with TP-M13 SSR molecular markers to screen core primer pairs for variety identification. Simultaneously, metabolite fingerprints were established using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS with common peaks calibrated and compounds qualitatively identified by mass spectrometry. Finally, multivariate chemometric approaches were applied to integrate SSR data and UPLC-Q-TOF/MS fingerprint profiles, and antipyretic activity results for clustering and correlation analysis. The dominant <em>M. alba</em> varieties, Yantai 792, Zhesang 3, 8036, Fengyuan 1, Laiwugusang, Xiajingusang, Gaoqing 792, Zhesang 1 and Heizhenzhu exhibited the strongest antipyretic activities. In contrast, Guiyou, Danbaisang, and Dashi showed weaker effects and were clustered into a single category in the molecule-metabolite-efficacy clustering diagram, thereby indicating the substantial influence of varieties differences on genetic diversity, metabolite composition, and pharmacological activity. Pearson correlation analysis further confirmed significant correlations among genetic components, metabolites, and pharmacological effects. In addition, a core marker set comprising 7 SSR loci was identified, together with 8 key chemical markers including cryptochlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid, isoquercitrin, rutin, nicotiflorin, astragalin, salicylic acid, and umbelliferone. These findings help identify the “molecule-metabolite” dual molecular markers with the bias of antipyretic effects for <em>M. alba</em> leaves varieties, and provide valuable insights for refining the medicinal value of <em>M. alba</em> leaves and promoting the utilization of high-value resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16685,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 117359"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145981049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of metabolites from the Himalayan herbal medicine Meconopsis integrifolia total flavonoids fraction in rats using UPLC-Q-exactive orbitrap-MS analysis","authors":"Enhui Ji ,&nbsp;Yuan Liu ,&nbsp;Yifan Tian ,&nbsp;Limin Li ,&nbsp;Pei Qun ,&nbsp;Zhengming Yang ,&nbsp;Chaoqin Ren ,&nbsp;Yanfei Huang ,&nbsp;Yongcang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jpba.2026.117357","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpba.2026.117357","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Meconopsis integrifolia</em> total flavonoids (MITF) have been identified as the hepatoprotective fraction of <em>M. integrifolia</em>, with its main components being flavonoid glycosides, along with lower levels of phenolic acids and alkaloids. Since flavonoid glycosides are poorly absorbed <em>in vivo</em>, metabolism serves as a crucial pathway for their biotransformation. However, the metabolism and material basis of pharmacological effects of MITF <em>in vivo</em> remain unknown. In this study, ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry was used to investigate the metabolic profiles of MITF. A total of 61 absorbed prototype compounds were identified, including 54 in feces (43 flavonoids, 8 phenolic acids, and 3 alkaloids), 8 in urine (2 flavonoids, 3 phenolic acids, 3 alkaloids), and 6 in plasma (2 flavonoids, 4 phenolic acids). Furthermore, 113 metabolites were characterized, including 64 in feces (38 flavonoids, 11 phenolic acids, 15 alkaloids), 46 in urine (17 flavonoids, 16 phenolic acids, 13 alkaloids), and 14 in plasma (5 flavonoids, 9 phenolic acids). The major metabolic pathways were dehydroxylation, hydroxylation, reduction, dehydrogenation, hydration, dehydration, methylation, sulfation, and glucuronidation. The results indicated that the biotransformation and absorption of flavonoids <em>in vivo</em> were limited. In contrast, phenolic acids and alkaloids were extensively absorbed. This research provides crucial insights into the metabolic fate of MITF in rats, thereby clarifying the pharmacologically active substances derived from <em>M. integrifolia</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Data availability</h3><div>The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to privacy or ethical restrictions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16685,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 117357"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A standard-free strategy for the differentiation of isomers and deep profiling of chemicalome in Chinese medicinal formulas","authors":"Ying-Shan Li ,&nbsp;Xing-Ting Dong ,&nbsp;Gui-Zhong Xin ,&nbsp;Li-Fang Liu ,&nbsp;Zi-Qi Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.jpba.2026.117349","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpba.2026.117349","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The precise differentiation of isomers is crucial for comprehensive mass spectrometry-based analysis of complex Chinese medicinal formulas (CMFs). To address this challenge, a standard-free strategy was proposed by integrating chromatographic behavior, mass spectrometric behavior, and quantum chemical calculations. Firstly, structural isomers and certain stereoisomers were differentiated based on characteristic fragment ions and calculated partition coefficient (<em>clogP</em>). For remaining indistinguishable isomers, fragment ions with significant intensity differences were identified, and 3D molecular structures of the precursor ions, product ions, and neutral loss fragments were constructed. The bond dissociation enthalpies (BDE) for critical fragmentation pathways were computed using density functional theory (DFT) and correlated with relative fragment ion abundances to achieve differentiation, following the principle that higher cleavage energies correspond to reduced fragmentation efficiency and lower product ion intensities. The methodology was validated using limited standards and the optimal collision energy (OCE) fitting. Using Qiangli Pipa syrup as a case, this integrated approach enabled the identification of 203 compounds, including 40 isomer groups comprising 27 structural isomers and 13 stereoisomers. This strategy overcomes the limitations of conventional methods that are typically restricted to specific structural classes, demonstrating robust capability for systematic isomer differentiation in CMFs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16685,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 117349"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ease of analysis through unification: One gas chromatographic method for the chemical profiling of essential oils","authors":"Dominik Kresnik,&nbsp;Bryan Bajor,&nbsp;Christian Steuer","doi":"10.1016/j.jpba.2026.117350","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpba.2026.117350","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rising interest in essential oils (EOs) for their therapeutic, antibacterial, and antifungal properties has led to an increasing demand for high-quality products in both medicinal and industrial sectors. To meet these stringent quality requirements, robust, precise, and efficient analytical methods are essential. Gas chromatography (GC) remains the gold standard for EO analysis due to its sensitivity and resolution. Although numerous methods are available –primarily targeting similar analytes in varying combinations standardization remains a challenge, with protocols differing across ISO guidelines and international pharmacopoeias. In this study, Design of Experiments (DoE) was employed to optimize and harmonize existing GC methods, focusing on sample preparation and chromatographic parameters. A polar GC column (60 m length, 0.25 mm inner diameter, 0.25 µm film thickness) was selected for its ability to effectively separate 87 terpenes, sesquiterpenes, and related compounds commonly found in EOs. The optimized temperature gradient enabled complete separation within a 75-minute runtime, outperforming or matching existing methods in terms of resolution and reproducibility. Streamlined sample preparation protocols led to reduced solvent consumption and minimized sample requirements across all tested EOs. As a proof of concept, the final method was applied to 12 different essential oils, demonstrating comparable analytical performance and confirming its broad applicability and efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16685,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 117350"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145981048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}