Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.16980/jitc.19.4.202308.195
Yi Huang, Sung-Hwan Kim, Sung-Su Park
Purpose - This research aims to analyze the impact of local government support on the exports of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), with a particular focus on 4th industrial revolution firms.
Design/Methodology/Approach - In this study, we use corporate information obtained from the Korea Enterprise Data (KED) database from 2015 to 2020 for firms located in Gyeongsangbuk-do. We conducted a fixed-effects panel regression analysis to diagnose the effect of local government support on the exports of firms. A total of 41,153 firm-year data from 10,840 firms were used in the analysis.
Findings - The results show that local government support for SMEs have a statistically significant negative effect on the exports of 4th industrial revolution firms in the region. However, scientific and technological support by the local government have a positive effect on the exports of the 4th industrial revolution firms. Their yearly effects are usually reversed over time after budget support. Among local government budgets, only the science and technology support budget and the education support budget positively impact export performance, and small and medium-sized enterprises and social welfare support budgets negatively affect exports. In addition, the result of R&D investment in 4th industrial companies is not statistically significant.
Research Implications - With different effects on firm exports, governments, either local or central, shouold consider the short-term and long-term effects in providing subsidies and support.
{"title":"The Effect of Local Government Supports on Export of SMEs: Focused on 4th Industrial Revolution Firms","authors":"Yi Huang, Sung-Hwan Kim, Sung-Su Park","doi":"10.16980/jitc.19.4.202308.195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16980/jitc.19.4.202308.195","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose - This research aims to analyze the impact of local government support on the exports of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), with a particular focus on 4th industrial revolution firms.
 Design/Methodology/Approach - In this study, we use corporate information obtained from the Korea Enterprise Data (KED) database from 2015 to 2020 for firms located in Gyeongsangbuk-do. We conducted a fixed-effects panel regression analysis to diagnose the effect of local government support on the exports of firms. A total of 41,153 firm-year data from 10,840 firms were used in the analysis.
 Findings - The results show that local government support for SMEs have a statistically significant negative effect on the exports of 4th industrial revolution firms in the region. However, scientific and technological support by the local government have a positive effect on the exports of the 4th industrial revolution firms. Their yearly effects are usually reversed over time after budget support. Among local government budgets, only the science and technology support budget and the education support budget positively impact export performance, and small and medium-sized enterprises and social welfare support budgets negatively affect exports. In addition, the result of R&D investment in 4th industrial companies is not statistically significant.
 Research Implications - With different effects on firm exports, governments, either local or central, shouold consider the short-term and long-term effects in providing subsidies and support.","PeriodicalId":166989,"journal":{"name":"Korea International Trade Research Institute","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136036409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.16980/jitc.19.4.202308.229
Won-Seok Choi, Woong Eun
Purpose - This study aimed to analyze the long-term effects of FDI inflows into 16 metropolitan cities and provinces on the economic growth of individual regions, and to compare and analyze differences in regional performance through these estimates.
Design/Methodology/Approach - This study analyzed the impact of FDI flows into 16 metropolitan cities and provinces on regional economic growth by applying the FMOLS model after organizing panel time series data from 1998 to 2021.
Findings - As a result of estimation through the Panel FMOLS model, when RFDI inflows to all metropolitan cities and provinces increased by 1%, GRDP increased by 0.21% on average in the long run. However, 12 individual metropolitan cities and provinces, which were statistically significant, showed different degrees of impact on growth. when RFDI inflows increased by 1%, GRDP showed various estimation results from lowest +0.09% (Ulsan) to the highest +0.93% (Gyeonggi). In addition, Ulsan (-0.12%p), Gangwon (-0.05%p), and Jeju (-0.11%p) fell below the overall average estimates as a result of comparing and analyzing growth differences between the average estimates of all metropolitan cities and provinces, and 12 individual metropolitan cities and provinces. This means that even if there is a positive growth of GRDP due to RFDI inflows, the ripple effect varies considerably between regions.
Research Implications - Metropolitan cities and provinces should promote the growth of GRDP by reorganizing the industrial structure to attract high-tech industries, sharing skilled manpower in the metropolitan economy, and converting to SOC for technological innovation.
{"title":"The Effects of FDI inflows into Korea’s 16 Metropolitan Cities and Provinces on Regional Growth","authors":"Won-Seok Choi, Woong Eun","doi":"10.16980/jitc.19.4.202308.229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16980/jitc.19.4.202308.229","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose - This study aimed to analyze the long-term effects of FDI inflows into 16 metropolitan cities and provinces on the economic growth of individual regions, and to compare and analyze differences in regional performance through these estimates.
 Design/Methodology/Approach - This study analyzed the impact of FDI flows into 16 metropolitan cities and provinces on regional economic growth by applying the FMOLS model after organizing panel time series data from 1998 to 2021.
 Findings - As a result of estimation through the Panel FMOLS model, when RFDI inflows to all metropolitan cities and provinces increased by 1%, GRDP increased by 0.21% on average in the long run. However, 12 individual metropolitan cities and provinces, which were statistically significant, showed different degrees of impact on growth. when RFDI inflows increased by 1%, GRDP showed various estimation results from lowest +0.09% (Ulsan) to the highest +0.93% (Gyeonggi). In addition, Ulsan (-0.12%p), Gangwon (-0.05%p), and Jeju (-0.11%p) fell below the overall average estimates as a result of comparing and analyzing growth differences between the average estimates of all metropolitan cities and provinces, and 12 individual metropolitan cities and provinces. This means that even if there is a positive growth of GRDP due to RFDI inflows, the ripple effect varies considerably between regions.
 Research Implications - Metropolitan cities and provinces should promote the growth of GRDP by reorganizing the industrial structure to attract high-tech industries, sharing skilled manpower in the metropolitan economy, and converting to SOC for technological innovation.","PeriodicalId":166989,"journal":{"name":"Korea International Trade Research Institute","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136036547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.16980/jitc.19.4.202308.291
Seo-Young Lee
Purpose - The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of logistics efficiency in G-7 countries on economic growth. In other words, it quantitatively evaluates the correlation between the alternative variable of logistics performance index (LPI), representing logistics efficiency, and economic growth, providing an in-depth analysis of how logistics efficiency in G-7 countries significantly influences economic growth.
Design/Methodology/Approach - In this study, a Cobb-Douglas production function is employed as the basis for the research model. The Cobb-Douglas production function is an economic model that explains output obtained through the efficient combination of factors involved in production. Through this model, the influence of logistics efficiency on economic growth can be estimated.
Findings - The estimated results using a fixed-effects model are as follows. Both the amount of capital input (K) and labor input (L) have significant effects on economic growth. On the other hand, the logistics performance index (LPI), representing an alternative measure of logistics efficiency, is not statistically significant in relation to the economic growth rate.
Research Implications - This study holds significance in elucidating the relationship between logistics efficiency and economic growth in G-7 countries, and it also contributes to enhancing understanding and interest in the field of logistics.
{"title":"The Impact of Logistics Efficiency on Economic Growth in the Era of the New Normal: Experiences of G-7 Countries","authors":"Seo-Young Lee","doi":"10.16980/jitc.19.4.202308.291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16980/jitc.19.4.202308.291","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose - The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of logistics efficiency in G-7 countries on economic growth. In other words, it quantitatively evaluates the correlation between the alternative variable of logistics performance index (LPI), representing logistics efficiency, and economic growth, providing an in-depth analysis of how logistics efficiency in G-7 countries significantly influences economic growth.
 Design/Methodology/Approach - In this study, a Cobb-Douglas production function is employed as the basis for the research model. The Cobb-Douglas production function is an economic model that explains output obtained through the efficient combination of factors involved in production. Through this model, the influence of logistics efficiency on economic growth can be estimated.
 Findings - The estimated results using a fixed-effects model are as follows. Both the amount of capital input (K) and labor input (L) have significant effects on economic growth. On the other hand, the logistics performance index (LPI), representing an alternative measure of logistics efficiency, is not statistically significant in relation to the economic growth rate.
 Research Implications - This study holds significance in elucidating the relationship between logistics efficiency and economic growth in G-7 countries, and it also contributes to enhancing understanding and interest in the field of logistics.","PeriodicalId":166989,"journal":{"name":"Korea International Trade Research Institute","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136036149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.16980/jitc.19.4.202308.131
Hyun-Eung Lee, Joon-Hwan Kim
Purpose - Based on several keywords, this study proposes three specific strategies and action plans to manage the K-content fandom.
Design/Methodology/Approach - With the revitalization of the K-content industry becoming a major strategy for increasing national competitiveness in Korea, this study proposes specific strategies to manage the fandom from three perspectives for the growth and development of the K-content industry. These are not macro strategies, but micro strategies that focus on specific areas.
Findings - First, misinformation should be managed in the process of communication with the fandom. This requires developing the political, social, and cultural sensitivity of artists, sharing visions and values to ensure consistency in the messages delivered, and supporting fandoms to establish a system to respond to misinformation. Second, the mental health of artists should be managed by their agencies. Because the psychological well-being of the artists is a major concern for the fandom now, agencies should provide professional counseling or therapy services while creating an environment that prevents exposure to verbal abuse and invasions of privacy. Third, K-content agencies should manage the leadership brand of their companies. Through the establishment of a leadership brand customized to the fandom, a positive corporate image and rapport with the fandom based on understanding and empathy should be formed. Finally, this study provides suggestions for further research on fandom management.
Research Implications - This study aims to contribute to the sustainable growth of the K-content industry by specifically presenting strategies that entertainment companies can take in the process of fandom management.
{"title":"Fandom Management Strategies for the K-Content Industry","authors":"Hyun-Eung Lee, Joon-Hwan Kim","doi":"10.16980/jitc.19.4.202308.131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16980/jitc.19.4.202308.131","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose - Based on several keywords, this study proposes three specific strategies and action plans to manage the K-content fandom.
 Design/Methodology/Approach - With the revitalization of the K-content industry becoming a major strategy for increasing national competitiveness in Korea, this study proposes specific strategies to manage the fandom from three perspectives for the growth and development of the K-content industry. These are not macro strategies, but micro strategies that focus on specific areas.
 Findings - First, misinformation should be managed in the process of communication with the fandom. This requires developing the political, social, and cultural sensitivity of artists, sharing visions and values to ensure consistency in the messages delivered, and supporting fandoms to establish a system to respond to misinformation. Second, the mental health of artists should be managed by their agencies. Because the psychological well-being of the artists is a major concern for the fandom now, agencies should provide professional counseling or therapy services while creating an environment that prevents exposure to verbal abuse and invasions of privacy. Third, K-content agencies should manage the leadership brand of their companies. Through the establishment of a leadership brand customized to the fandom, a positive corporate image and rapport with the fandom based on understanding and empathy should be formed. Finally, this study provides suggestions for further research on fandom management.
 Research Implications - This study aims to contribute to the sustainable growth of the K-content industry by specifically presenting strategies that entertainment companies can take in the process of fandom management.","PeriodicalId":166989,"journal":{"name":"Korea International Trade Research Institute","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136036548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.16980/jitc.19.4.202308.13
Jin-Cheol Lee
Purpose - This paper seeks to analyze numerous abstracts associated with Cross Border E-commerce (CBEC) through the application of text mining techniques. The goal is to pinpoint key research trends and forecast upcoming developments. By delving into the existing literature and spotting emerging trends, this study aims to offer invaluable insights into the present state of research in the domain, and underscore areas warranting further exploration.
Design/Methodology/Approach - In this study, text mining techniques were employed to analyze research trends in CBEC. Text mining can distill the core content of a document by analyzing keywords. The analysis encompassed 768 CBEC research articles published in journals indexed by SCI, SCIE, SSCI, and SCOPUS.
Findings - After conducting research on CBEC using text mining techniques, this paper identified the primary topics of ‘Convergence Research’, ‘International Logistics’, and ‘China CBEC’. The study suggests that there is an expected transition from a straightforward e-commerce distribution model to a structure that converges with other industries.
Research Implications - Given the complexities of international commerce, it is crucial to offer product information that aligns with the customs and culture of the target country. This study suggests that CBEC will likely evolve by integrating IT technologies, such as big data and AI, with international logistics. As a result, it is anticipated to emerge as a converging industry.
{"title":"Determining Research Trends in the Field of Cross-Border E-Commerce (CBEC) Utilizing Text Mining Techniques","authors":"Jin-Cheol Lee","doi":"10.16980/jitc.19.4.202308.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16980/jitc.19.4.202308.13","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose - This paper seeks to analyze numerous abstracts associated with Cross Border E-commerce (CBEC) through the application of text mining techniques. The goal is to pinpoint key research trends and forecast upcoming developments. By delving into the existing literature and spotting emerging trends, this study aims to offer invaluable insights into the present state of research in the domain, and underscore areas warranting further exploration.
 Design/Methodology/Approach - In this study, text mining techniques were employed to analyze research trends in CBEC. Text mining can distill the core content of a document by analyzing keywords. The analysis encompassed 768 CBEC research articles published in journals indexed by SCI, SCIE, SSCI, and SCOPUS.
 Findings - After conducting research on CBEC using text mining techniques, this paper identified the primary topics of ‘Convergence Research’, ‘International Logistics’, and ‘China CBEC’. The study suggests that there is an expected transition from a straightforward e-commerce distribution model to a structure that converges with other industries.
 Research Implications - Given the complexities of international commerce, it is crucial to offer product information that aligns with the customs and culture of the target country. This study suggests that CBEC will likely evolve by integrating IT technologies, such as big data and AI, with international logistics. As a result, it is anticipated to emerge as a converging industry.","PeriodicalId":166989,"journal":{"name":"Korea International Trade Research Institute","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136036404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.16980/jitc.19.4.202308.319
Mun-Seong Choi
Purpose - This research aims to forecast the scale of LNG-fueled ships from 2020 to 2035 based on an economic performance analysis.
Design/Methodology/Approach - This research compares the present value of costs for three alternatives (using low-sulfur fuel, installing scrubbers, and LNG-fueled ships). According to the two scenarios set in this study, the scale of LNG- fueled ship introduction was predicted from 2020 to 2035.
Findings - The result showed that the proportion of LNG-fueled ships (based on DWT) will be 34.9% in 2035 by Scenario 1, and 20.1% in 2035 by Scenario 2. A one-year delay in global LNG bunkering infrastructure construction would reduce the introduction of LNG-fueled ships by about 2% in 2035. As a result of comparing the current situation with the results of this study, it was found to show a pattern similar to Scenario 2 assuming a pessimistic outlook.
Research Implications - In order to activate the introduction of LNG-fueled ships, it is necessary to expand the LNG bunkering infrastructure, which is considered the most important factor hindering the introduction of LNG-fueled ships. Also, it would be a meaningful task to try forecasting considering the volume of goods transported. In addition, it would be interesting to evaluate the performance on climate change and the environment following the introduction of LNG-fueled ships.
{"title":"A Study on Prospects for the Introduction of LNG Fueled Ships","authors":"Mun-Seong Choi","doi":"10.16980/jitc.19.4.202308.319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16980/jitc.19.4.202308.319","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose - This research aims to forecast the scale of LNG-fueled ships from 2020 to 2035 based on an economic performance analysis.
 Design/Methodology/Approach - This research compares the present value of costs for three alternatives (using low-sulfur fuel, installing scrubbers, and LNG-fueled ships). According to the two scenarios set in this study, the scale of LNG- fueled ship introduction was predicted from 2020 to 2035.
 Findings - The result showed that the proportion of LNG-fueled ships (based on DWT) will be 34.9% in 2035 by Scenario 1, and 20.1% in 2035 by Scenario 2. A one-year delay in global LNG bunkering infrastructure construction would reduce the introduction of LNG-fueled ships by about 2% in 2035. As a result of comparing the current situation with the results of this study, it was found to show a pattern similar to Scenario 2 assuming a pessimistic outlook.
 Research Implications - In order to activate the introduction of LNG-fueled ships, it is necessary to expand the LNG bunkering infrastructure, which is considered the most important factor hindering the introduction of LNG-fueled ships. Also, it would be a meaningful task to try forecasting considering the volume of goods transported. In addition, it would be interesting to evaluate the performance on climate change and the environment following the introduction of LNG-fueled ships.","PeriodicalId":166989,"journal":{"name":"Korea International Trade Research Institute","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136036150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.16980/jitc.19.4.202308.143
Ji-Young Um, Tae-Seog Jeong
Purpose - This study was conducted to empirically identify the relationship between organizational cynicism, shared leadership, organizational trust, and affirmative commitment targeting church organizations facing crises due to COVID-19. In addition, it was conducted to expand research in related fields by analyzing church organizations, which are non-profit organizations, from a management perspective.
Design/Methodology/Approach - For this research, 20 churches and five church-related institutions were used to conduct a survey, and 202 copies of the collected questionnaires were used for statistical analysis. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, frequency analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis, and correlation analysis were conducted, and the hypothesis was verified through structural equation model analysis.
Findings - As a result of the study, organizational cynicism and shared leadership each had a significant effect on emotional commitment through organizational trust. However, there was no direct effect, and organizational trust played a complete mediating role.
Research Implications - This study generally supports the results of previous studies that studied the influence relationship of organizational cynicism, shared leadership, organizational trust, and affirmative commitment variables, and slightly different results due to the characteristics of church organizations were also derived. Accordingly, this study tried to find ways to activate shared leadership and alleviate organizational cynicism. This study is meaningful in that it empirically analyzed the negative and positive factors affecting the organization at the same time by adapting the results of research conducted on companies to church organizations, which are non-profit.
{"title":"A Study on the Relationship among Organizational Cynicism, Shared Leadership, Organization Trust, and Affirmative Commitment","authors":"Ji-Young Um, Tae-Seog Jeong","doi":"10.16980/jitc.19.4.202308.143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16980/jitc.19.4.202308.143","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose - This study was conducted to empirically identify the relationship between organizational cynicism, shared leadership, organizational trust, and affirmative commitment targeting church organizations facing crises due to COVID-19. In addition, it was conducted to expand research in related fields by analyzing church organizations, which are non-profit organizations, from a management perspective.
 Design/Methodology/Approach - For this research, 20 churches and five church-related institutions were used to conduct a survey, and 202 copies of the collected questionnaires were used for statistical analysis. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, frequency analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis, and correlation analysis were conducted, and the hypothesis was verified through structural equation model analysis.
 Findings - As a result of the study, organizational cynicism and shared leadership each had a significant effect on emotional commitment through organizational trust. However, there was no direct effect, and organizational trust played a complete mediating role.
 Research Implications - This study generally supports the results of previous studies that studied the influence relationship of organizational cynicism, shared leadership, organizational trust, and affirmative commitment variables, and slightly different results due to the characteristics of church organizations were also derived. Accordingly, this study tried to find ways to activate shared leadership and alleviate organizational cynicism. This study is meaningful in that it empirically analyzed the negative and positive factors affecting the organization at the same time by adapting the results of research conducted on companies to church organizations, which are non-profit.","PeriodicalId":166989,"journal":{"name":"Korea International Trade Research Institute","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136036406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.16980/jitc.19.4.202308.277
Won-Ok Lee
Purpose - This study was conducted to identify the significant difference between visitor importance and satisfaction with craft beer brewpub selection attributes, evaluate craft beer brewpub visitor selection attributes using IPA techniques to identify specific services, study operational strategies for future brewpub visitors, and provide basic data for managers to establish marketing strategies.
Design/Methodology/Approach - As a result of conducting a paired t-test on the importance and satisfaction related to craft beer brewpub selection attributes, it was confirmed that each of the beer product value factors, atmospheric value factors, and food value factors, excluding emotional value factors, were all less satisfied than important.
Findings - These results mean that overall threats exist from the perspective of the restaurant beverage market because they are not sufficiently satisfied with the overall service properties of brewpubs compared to the factors that visitors consider important. Therefore, managers need to check factors derived from the current operation and improve to improve consumer satisfaction and increase sales.
Research Implications - In the future, it is necessary to secure a sufficient number of samples of various stakeholders in order to secure the generalization of the research results. In addition, a sample was drawn by simultaneously asking the importance and satisfaction of the questionnaire response. In order to upgrade the research design, it would be more meaningful to evaluate and compare importance before visiting craft beer brewpubs.
{"title":"A Study on the Craft Beer Brewpub using IPA","authors":"Won-Ok Lee","doi":"10.16980/jitc.19.4.202308.277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16980/jitc.19.4.202308.277","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose - This study was conducted to identify the significant difference between visitor importance and satisfaction with craft beer brewpub selection attributes, evaluate craft beer brewpub visitor selection attributes using IPA techniques to identify specific services, study operational strategies for future brewpub visitors, and provide basic data for managers to establish marketing strategies.
 Design/Methodology/Approach - As a result of conducting a paired t-test on the importance and satisfaction related to craft beer brewpub selection attributes, it was confirmed that each of the beer product value factors, atmospheric value factors, and food value factors, excluding emotional value factors, were all less satisfied than important.
 Findings - These results mean that overall threats exist from the perspective of the restaurant beverage market because they are not sufficiently satisfied with the overall service properties of brewpubs compared to the factors that visitors consider important. Therefore, managers need to check factors derived from the current operation and improve to improve consumer satisfaction and increase sales.
 Research Implications - In the future, it is necessary to secure a sufficient number of samples of various stakeholders in order to secure the generalization of the research results. In addition, a sample was drawn by simultaneously asking the importance and satisfaction of the questionnaire response. In order to upgrade the research design, it would be more meaningful to evaluate and compare importance before visiting craft beer brewpubs.","PeriodicalId":166989,"journal":{"name":"Korea International Trade Research Institute","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136036147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.16980/jitc.19.4.202308.91
Zheng-Liang Zhang, Il-Seon Yoo
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to explore determinants that have a great impact on the wage gap of labors by education(wH /wL), and which factors lead to the extension of this and promote income inequality among workers in the Korean manufacturing industry since the 1990s.
Design/Methodology/Approach - Based on human capital theory, labors are divided into highly-educated and low-educated labor. The effective labor function was established as a form of the CES function. The estimation equation consisting of the labor ratio by education(LH / LL), technical progress, and globalization can be derived as factors affecting the wage gap by education. Based on this estimation equation, an empirical analysis was implemented to analyze the wage gap factors of labors. A fully-modified ordinary least square was used as the method of estimation.
Findings - In the Korean manufacturing industry, the absolute wage gap by education expanded while the relative wage gap narrowed due to an increase in LH / LL. It also expanded due to the effect of exogenous factors such as technical progress and globalization. Since the international financial crisis, the effect of LH / LL has decreased, and those of technical progress and globalization have increased, widening the relative wage gap which strengthens income inequality among workers.
Research Implications - Currently, the wage gap by education has widened in the manufacturing industry, and income inequality has become a social issue. Under the de-manufacturing industrial structure, there are policy implications to promote technical progress that can create employment by expanding investment in the service industry and increasing the productivity of low-educated labor.
{"title":"An Analysis on the Determinants of the Wage Gap by Education and Income Inequality in the Korean Manufacturing Industry","authors":"Zheng-Liang Zhang, Il-Seon Yoo","doi":"10.16980/jitc.19.4.202308.91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16980/jitc.19.4.202308.91","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to explore determinants that have a great impact on the wage gap of labors by education(wH /wL), and which factors lead to the extension of this and promote income inequality among workers in the Korean manufacturing industry since the 1990s.
 Design/Methodology/Approach - Based on human capital theory, labors are divided into highly-educated and low-educated labor. The effective labor function was established as a form of the CES function. The estimation equation consisting of the labor ratio by education(LH / LL), technical progress, and globalization can be derived as factors affecting the wage gap by education. Based on this estimation equation, an empirical analysis was implemented to analyze the wage gap factors of labors. A fully-modified ordinary least square was used as the method of estimation.
 Findings - In the Korean manufacturing industry, the absolute wage gap by education expanded while the relative wage gap narrowed due to an increase in LH / LL. It also expanded due to the effect of exogenous factors such as technical progress and globalization. Since the international financial crisis, the effect of LH / LL has decreased, and those of technical progress and globalization have increased, widening the relative wage gap which strengthens income inequality among workers.
 Research Implications - Currently, the wage gap by education has widened in the manufacturing industry, and income inequality has become a social issue. Under the de-manufacturing industrial structure, there are policy implications to promote technical progress that can create employment by expanding investment in the service industry and increasing the productivity of low-educated labor.","PeriodicalId":166989,"journal":{"name":"Korea International Trade Research Institute","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136036260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.16980/jitc.19.3.202306.247
Ho-Sung Han, Jiyoung Um, Hee-Won Chae
Purpose – After breaking the three-year hiatus in medical tourism due to COVID-19, the medical tourism industry is looking forward to reopening. This study conducted an empirical study on the importance and performance of medical tourism service quality to provide implications in accelerating the revitalization of the medical tourism industry. Design/Methodology/Approach – Existing studies related to the service quality of medical tourism have been conducted mainly targeting foreign patients. In order to balance this point of view, 50 medical tourism employees in Bucheon city were set as targets. Then, IPA analysis on medical tourism service quality was conducted. Findings – The medical infrastructure and system, intensive service for foreign patients only, and professional manpower have excellent service quality, and areas to be improved are the foreign patient telemedicine system of the medical system and the foreign language homepage of the service system. In order to revitalize medical tourism, it is necessary to consider priorities in the relevant areas. Research Implications – This study is meaningful as data for comparison with previous studies on medical tourism service quality before COVID-19. In addition, research on service quality for medical tourism employees was conducted to balance the implications of medical tourism research.
{"title":"An IPA Analysis Study on Medical Tourism Service Quality: Focusing on Medical Tourism Employees in Bucheon City","authors":"Ho-Sung Han, Jiyoung Um, Hee-Won Chae","doi":"10.16980/jitc.19.3.202306.247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16980/jitc.19.3.202306.247","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – After breaking the three-year hiatus in medical tourism due to COVID-19, the medical tourism industry is looking forward to reopening. This study conducted an empirical study on the importance and performance of medical tourism service quality to provide implications in accelerating the revitalization of the medical tourism industry. Design/Methodology/Approach – Existing studies related to the service quality of medical tourism have been conducted mainly targeting foreign patients. In order to balance this point of view, 50 medical tourism employees in Bucheon city were set as targets. Then, IPA analysis on medical tourism service quality was conducted. Findings – The medical infrastructure and system, intensive service for foreign patients only, and professional manpower have excellent service quality, and areas to be improved are the foreign patient telemedicine system of the medical system and the foreign language homepage of the service system. In order to revitalize medical tourism, it is necessary to consider priorities in the relevant areas. Research Implications – This study is meaningful as data for comparison with previous studies on medical tourism service quality before COVID-19. In addition, research on service quality for medical tourism employees was conducted to balance the implications of medical tourism research.","PeriodicalId":166989,"journal":{"name":"Korea International Trade Research Institute","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115648294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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