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Quercetin/Polyethyleneimine Modified Gold Nanoconjugates Inhibit Apoptosis and ROS Production Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide in DRG Sensory Neurons 槲皮素/聚乙烯亚胺修饰金纳米共轭物抑制过氧化氢诱导的 DRG 感觉神经元凋亡和 ROS 生成
IF 3.7 3区 医学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.08.008
The basis of most neurological syndromes is the accumulation of free radical molecules. Quercetin is a polyphenolic bioflavonoid molecule and it has a very strong antioxidant effect by maintaining oxidative balance. There are many difficulties in the clinical use of quercetin due to its hydrophobic structure, low solubility, instability, poor oral bioavailability, and limited tissue-barrier penetration. Its synergistic use in complex with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) could overcome these problems. AuNPs have recently emerged as an attractive candidate for delivery applications of various biomolecules and drugs. The aim of this study was to synthesize two different sized gold nanoparticles (AuNP20 and AuNP50) modified with polyethyleneimine (PEI) and quercetin, evaluate their potential neuroprotective effects on the in vitro oxidative stress model using DRG primary sensory neurons. It was shown that the antioxidant and anti-apoptotic ability of the bioflavonoid was preserved after exposure to the designed quercetin modified AuNPs. The PEI surface coating increased the stability and biocompatibility of the AuNPs in both sizes. It also potentially enables additional surface functionalization. This study indicates that designed nanoparticles (AuNP-Q-PEI) with different sizes could be a useful potential platform for the treatment of neurodegenerative syndromes or cancer diseases.
大多数神经综合症的基础是自由基分子的积累。槲皮素是一种多酚生物类黄酮分子,具有很强的抗氧化作用,能维持氧化平衡。由于槲皮素的疏水性结构、低溶解度、不稳定性、口服生物利用度差、组织屏障渗透有限等原因,槲皮素的临床应用存在许多困难。槲皮素与金纳米粒子(AuNPs)的协同使用可以克服这些问题。近来,AuNPs 已成为递送各种生物大分子和药物的极具吸引力的候选材料。本研究的目的是合成两种不同尺寸的金纳米粒子(AuNP20 和 AuNP50),并用聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)和槲皮素修饰,利用 DRG 初级感觉神经元评估它们对体外氧化应激模型的潜在神经保护作用。结果表明,生物类黄酮的抗氧化和抗凋亡能力在暴露于所设计的槲皮素修饰 AuNPs 后得以保留。PEI 表面涂层提高了两种尺寸 AuNPs 的稳定性和生物相容性。它还有可能实现更多的表面功能化。这项研究表明,设计出的不同尺寸的纳米粒子(AuNP-Q-PEI)可以成为治疗神经退行性综合症或癌症疾病的一个有用的潜在平台。
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引用次数: 0
Editorial Advisory Board 编辑顾问委员会
IF 3.7 3区 医学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0022-3549(24)00383-6
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引用次数: 0
Past, Current, and Future: Application of Image Analysis in Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Development 过去、现在和未来:图像分析在小分子药物开发中的应用。
IF 3.7 3区 医学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.08.003
The often-perceived limitations of image analysis have for many years impeded the widespread application of such systems as first line characterisation tools. Image analysis has, however, undergone a notable resurgence in the pharmaceutical industry fuelled by developments system capabilities and the desire of scientists to characterize the morphological nature of their particles more adequately. The importance of particle shape as well as size is now widely acknowledged.
With the increasing use of modelling and simulations, and ongoing developments though the integration of machine learning and artificial intelligence, the utility of image analysis is increasing significantly driven by the richness of the data obtained. Such datasets provide means to circumvent the requirement to rely on less informative descriptors and enable the move towards the use of whole distributions. Combining the improved particle size and shape measurement and description with advances in modelling and simulations is enabling improved means to elucidate the link between particle and bulk powder properties.
In addition to improved capabilities to describe input materials, approaches to characterize single components within multicomponent systems are providing scientists means to understand how their material may change during manufacture thus providing a means to link the behaviour of final dosage forms with the particle properties at the point of action.
The aim is to provide an overview of image analysis and update readers with innovations and capabilities to other methods in the small molecule arena. We will also describe the use of AI for the improved analysis using image analysis.
多年来,人们通常认为图像分析在应用上存在局限性,这阻碍了此类系统作为一线表征工具的广泛应用。然而,随着系统功能的发展,以及科学家们希望更充分地表征颗粒形态性质的愿望,图像分析在制药行业又有了显著的发展。颗粒形状和大小的重要性现已得到广泛认可。随着建模和模拟的使用越来越多,以及机器学习和人工智能集成的不断发展,图像分析的实用性在所获得的丰富数据的推动下大幅提高。这些数据集提供了规避依赖信息量较少的描述符的方法,并使我们能够使用整体分布。将改进的粒度和粒形测量与描述技术与建模和模拟技术的进步结合起来,可以更好地阐明颗粒和粉体特性之间的联系。除了提高描述输入材料的能力外,表征多组分系统中单个成分的方法也为科学家提供了了解其材料在制造过程中如何变化的手段,从而提供了将最终剂型的行为与作用点的颗粒特性联系起来的方法。本文旨在概述图像分析,并向读者介绍小分子领域其他方法的创新和功能。我们还将介绍如何利用人工智能改进图像分析。
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引用次数: 0
Low-field NMR Works as a Rapid, Automatic, Non-Invasive and Wide-Scale Coverage Technique for Aggregates Indication in Biomacromolecule Development 低场核磁共振是一种快速、自动、无创和大范围覆盖的技术,可用于生物大分子开发过程中的聚集体指示。
IF 3.7 3区 医学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.07.021
Protein aggregation is challenging for biopharmaceutical drug, because it affects the stability of protein formulations in real-time. However, current techniques for protein aggregate indication meet a number of limitations including limited aggregate size range, complex pre-treatments and lack of chromatographic approaches. Herein, a rapid, automatic, non-invasive and wide-scale coverage technique for aggregates indication is developed to overcome these challenges. Firstly, the response of low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) to the aggregates is explored by making a comparison with certain established techniques. LF-NMR achieves a high sensitivity of water proton transverse relaxation rate (R2 of H2O, hereinafter referred as R2(H2O)) to protein aggregates from nanometer to micrometer. Then, the quantitative relationship between R2(H2O) and aggregates is investigated furtherly. R2(H2O) could serve as an all-size coverage protein aggregates indicator during development. As a non-invasive method, LF-NMR does not need any sample handling. It takes only 44 s for one test, and saves a lot of manpower, materials and costs. Compared with other established analytical techniques, the technique developed here could be a powerful tool for a rapid, automatic, non-invasive and wide-scale coverage technique for aggregates indication in biomacromolecule development.
蛋白质聚集对生物制药来说具有挑战性,因为它会影响蛋白质制剂的实时稳定性。然而,目前的蛋白质聚集指示技术有许多局限性,包括聚集体大小范围有限、预处理复杂和缺乏色谱方法。在此,我们开发了一种快速、自动、无创和大范围覆盖的聚集体指示技术,以克服这些挑战。首先,通过与某些成熟技术的比较,探索了低场核磁共振(LF-NMR)对聚集物的响应。低场核磁共振实现了水质子横向弛豫速率(R2 of H2O,以下简称 R2(H2O))对从纳米到微米级蛋白质聚集体的高灵敏度。然后,进一步研究了 R2(H2O) 与聚集体之间的定量关系。R2(H2O) 可作为发育过程中全尺寸覆盖蛋白质聚集体的指标。作为一种非侵入式方法,LF-NMR 无需处理任何样品。一次检测仅需 44 秒,节省了大量人力、物力和成本。与其他成熟的分析技术相比,本研究开发的技术可以成为一种快速、自动、无创和大范围覆盖的生物大分子聚集指示技术的有力工具。
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引用次数: 0
Analytical Procedure Development and Proposed Established Conditions: A Case Study of a Mass Spectrometry Based NDSRI Analytical Procedure 分析程序的开发和拟议的既定条件:基于质谱法的 NDSRI 分析程序案例研究。
IF 3.7 3区 医学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.07.022
With the finalization of the ICH Q14 Analytical Procedure Development guideline, how to apply enhanced approaches (such as analytical quality by design (AQbD)) to develop an analytical procedure, and to propose Established Conditions (ECs) and corresponding reporting categories, is increasingly being discussed. To gain practical experience in applying an enhanced approach for method development and identifying ECs, we developed, validated, and implemented an analytical procedure for a nitrosamine drug substance-related impurity (NDSRI). Here, as an example of the application of Q12 Lifecycle Management guideline principles in regards to analytical procedures, we briefly elaborate how: 1) the principles documented in the ICH Q14 guideline for analytical procedure development were applied, with the focus on identifying an Analytical Target Profile (ATP), knowledge management and risk assessment; 2) analytical procedure robustness according to the recommendations in ICH Q2(R2) Validation of Analytical Procedure guideline and Q14, were evaluated; and 3) mass spectrometry ECs and associated proposed reporting categories were proposed.
随着 ICH Q14 分析程序开发指南的最终确定,如何应用增强型方法(如分析质量设计法 (AQbD))来开发分析程序,并提出既定条件 (EC) 和相应的报告类别正越来越多地被讨论。为了获得应用增强方法开发方法和确定EC的实践经验,我们开发、验证并实施了亚硝胺药物物质相关杂质(NDSRI)的分析程序。在此,作为 Q12 生命周期管理指南原则在分析程序中的应用实例,我们简要阐述了如何做到以下几点:1) 应用了 ICH Q14 指南中关于分析程序开发的原则,重点是确定分析目标轮廓 (ATP)、知识管理和风险评估;2) 根据 ICH Q2(R2) 分析程序验证指南和 Q14 中的建议评估了分析程序的稳健性;3) 提出了质谱 EC 和相关的建议报告类别。
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引用次数: 0
The importance of surface composition and wettability on the dissolution performance of high drug loading amorphous dispersion formulations. 表面成分和润湿性对高载药量无定形分散制剂溶解性能的重要性。
IF 3.7 3区 医学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.09.020
Tze Ning Hiew, Marina A Solomos, Prapti Kafle, Hector Polyzois, Dmitry Y Zemlyanov, Ashish Punia, Daniel Smith, Luke Schenck, Lynne S Taylor

One of the limitations with an amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) formulation strategy is low drug loading. Hydrophobic drugs have poor wettability and require a substantial amount of polymer to stabilize the amorphous drug and facilitate release. Using grazoprevir and hypromellose acetate succinate as model drug and polymer respectively, the interplay between particle surface composition, particle wettability, and release performance was investigated. A hierarchical particle approach was used where the surfaces of high drug loading ASDs generated by either solvent evaporation or co-precipitation were further modified with a secondary excipient (i.e., polymer or wetting agent). The surface-modified particles were characterized for drug release, wettability, morphology, and surface composition using two-stage dissolution studies, contact angle measurements, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. Despite surface modification with hydrophilic polymers, hierarchical cPAD particles did not consistently exhibit good release performance. Contact angle measurements showed that the secondary excipient had a profound impact on particle wettability. Particles with good wettability showed improved drug release relative to particles that did not wet well, even with similar drug loadings. These observations underscore the intricate interplay between particle wettability and performance in amorphous dispersion formulations and illustrate a promising hierarchical particle approach to formulate high drug loading amorphous dispersions with improved dissolution performance.

无定形固体分散体(ASD)配方策略的局限之一是药物负载量低。疏水性药物的润湿性较差,需要大量聚合物来稳定无定形药物并促进释放。本研究分别以格列普韦和醋酸琥珀酸伪丙美洛糖作为模型药物和聚合物,研究了颗粒表面成分、颗粒润湿性和释放性能之间的相互作用。采用分层颗粒法,即在溶剂蒸发或共沉淀产生的高载药量 ASD 表面进一步添加辅助辅料(即聚合物或润湿剂)。利用两阶段溶解研究、接触角测量、扫描电子显微镜和 X 射线光电子能谱分别对表面修饰颗粒的药物释放、润湿性、形态和表面成分进行了表征。尽管使用亲水性聚合物进行了表面修饰,但分层 cPAD 颗粒并没有持续表现出良好的释放性能。接触角测量结果表明,辅助辅料对颗粒的润湿性有很大影响。润湿性好的颗粒与润湿性差的颗粒相比,药物释放效果更好,即使药物载量相似。这些观察结果突显了无定形分散制剂中颗粒润湿性与性能之间错综复杂的相互作用,并说明了一种很有前景的分层颗粒方法,可用于配制具有更好溶解性能的高药物负载无定形分散体。
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引用次数: 0
Study of polymer component migrated in medicinal product from transportation packaging component: A systematic assessment beyond regulatory expectations. 运输包装部件迁移到医药产品中的聚合物成分研究:超越监管期望的系统性评估。
IF 3.7 3区 医学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.09.021
Sandeep Zokande, Kavita Inamdar, Amit Gosar, Amit Kale

Light Density Polyethylene (LDPE) bottles with a specific resin were chosen as container closure system (CCS) to fill "Latanoprost ophthalmic solution" (a generic drug product). As an alternative packaging component, additional manufacturer of LDPE bottles with the same characteristics as the previously selected LDPE bottles was chosen. The appropriateness of both packaging components was evaluated using an extractables and leachable (E&L) study and a formal stability programme that monitored quality of latanoprost ophthalmic solution. The results of relevant quality attributes in stability samples of latanoprost ophthalmic solution packed in both LDPE bottles were compared. It noticed that an unknown impurity in latanoprost ophthalmic solution packaged in LDPE bottles manufactured by an additional manufacturer. Further study revealed that this unknown impurity is Epsilon-caprolactam, a leachable of plastic used in the transportation of LDPE bottles. The leachability was validated through an extraction analysis of a plastic bag used for transportation. Thus, in certain cases, when the source of leachable is not identifiable by an E&L examination of primary, secondary, and tertiary packaging components, the assessment could be extended to include packaging components utilized throughout the supply chain.

选择使用特定树脂的轻密度聚乙烯(LDPE)瓶作为容器封闭系统(CCS),用于灌装 "拉坦前列腺素眼用溶液"(一种非专利药品)。作为替代包装组件,还选择了与先前选定的低密度聚乙烯瓶具有相同特性的其他低密度聚乙烯瓶制造商。通过可提取物和可浸出物(E&L)研究以及监测拉坦前列素眼药水质量的正式稳定性计划,对两种包装成分的适当性进行了评估。比较了两种 LDPE 瓶包装的拉坦前列腺素眼用溶液稳定性样品的相关质量属性结果。结果发现,在另一家制造商生产的低密度聚乙烯瓶包装的拉坦前列腺素眼用溶液中含有一种未知杂质。进一步研究发现,这种未知杂质是ε-己内酰胺,是一种在低密度聚乙烯瓶运输过程中使用的易浸出塑料。通过对用于运输的塑料袋进行萃取分析,验证了这种可浸出性。因此,在某些情况下,当对一级、二级和三级包装部件进行的 E&L 检查无法确定可浸出物的来源时,可将评估范围扩大到包括整个供应链中使用的包装部件。
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引用次数: 0
Review of machine learning for lipid nanoparticle formulation and process development. 脂质纳米颗粒配方和工艺开发的机器学习回顾。
IF 3.7 3区 医学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.09.015
Phillip J Dorsey, Christina L Lau, Ti-Chiun Chang, Peter C Doerschuk, Suzanne M D'Addio

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are a subset of pharmaceutical nanoparticulate formulations designed to encapsulate, stabilize, and deliver nucleic acid cargoes in vivo. Applications for LNPs include new interventions for genetic disorders, novel classes of vaccines, and alternate modes of intracellular delivery for therapeutic proteins. In the pharmaceutical industry, establishing a robust formulation and process to achieve target product performance is a critical component of drug development. Fundamental understanding of the processes for making LNPs and their interactions with biological systems have advanced considerably in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. Nevertheless, LNP formulation research remains largely empirical and resource intensive due to the multitude of input parameters and the complex physical phenomena that govern the processes of nanoparticle precipitation, self-assembly, structure evolution, and stability. Increasingly, artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) are being applied to improve the efficiency of research activities through in silico models and predictions, and to drive deeper fundamental understanding of experimental inputs to functional outputs. This review will identify current challenges and opportunities in the development of robust LNP formulations of nucleic acids, review studies that apply machine learning methods to experimental datasets, and provide discussion on associated data science challenges to facilitate collaboration between formulation and data scientists, aiming to accelerate the advancement of AI/ML applied to LNP formulation and process optimization.

脂质纳米颗粒(LNPs)是药物纳米颗粒制剂的一个子集,旨在封装、稳定和在体内输送核酸货物。脂质纳米粒子的应用包括对遗传疾病的新干预、新型疫苗以及治疗蛋白质的另一种细胞内递送模式。在制药行业,建立稳健的配方和工艺以实现目标产品性能是药物开发的关键组成部分。在 COVID-19 大流行之后,人们对 LNP 制作过程及其与生物系统相互作用的基本认识有了长足的进步。然而,由于输入参数繁多,以及纳米粒子沉淀、自组装、结构演变和稳定性等过程受复杂物理现象的制约,LNP 配方研究在很大程度上仍然是经验性的,是资源密集型的。人工智能和机器学习(AI/ML)正被越来越多地应用于通过硅学模型和预测来提高研究活动的效率,并推动从实验输入到功能输出的更深入的基本理解。本综述将明确当前在开发稳健的核酸 LNP 制剂方面所面临的挑战和机遇,回顾将机器学习方法应用于实验数据集的研究,并讨论相关的数据科学挑战,以促进制剂和数据科学家之间的合作,从而加快将人工智能/ML 应用于 LNP 制剂和工艺优化的进程。
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引用次数: 0
Stability modeling methodologies to enable earlier patient access. 稳定性建模方法,让患者更早获得治疗。
IF 3.7 3区 医学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.09.018
Andrew Lennard, Boris Zimmermann, Didier Clenet, Michael Molony, Cecilia Tami, Cristian Oliva Aviles, Amy Moran, Philip Pue-Gilchrist, E'Lissa Flores

Over recent years, confidence has been gained that predictive stability modeling approaches using statistical tools, prior knowledge and industry experience enable, in many instances, a robust and reliable shelf-life/expiry or retest period prediction for medicinal products. These science and risk-based approaches can compensate for not having a complete real-time stability data set to be included in regulatory applications at the time of initial submission and, thereby, accelerate the availability of new medicines. Examples of predictive stability modeling include accelerated stability assessment procedure (ASAP), advanced kinetic modeling (AKM), and novel modeling approaches that involve the use of Bayesian statistics and Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications such as Machine Learning (ML), with applicability to both synthetic and biological molecules. For biologics, product-specific and platform prior knowledge could be used to overcome model limitations known for non-quantitative stability indicating attributes. A successful ongoing verification approach by comparing the predicted data with real-time stability data would be an appropriate risk management approach which is intended to address regulatory concerns, and further build confidence in the robustness of these predictive modelling approaches with regulatory agencies. Global regulatory acceptance of stability modeling could allow patients to receive potential life-saving medications faster without compromising quality, safety or efficacy.

近年来,利用统计工具、先验知识和行业经验进行稳定性预测建模的方法,在许多情况下都能对医药产品的保质期/失效期或再试验期进行稳健可靠的预测,这一点已经获得了信心。这些以科学和风险为基础的方法可以弥补首次提交监管申请时没有完整的实时稳定性数据集的不足,从而加快新药的上市速度。预测稳定性建模的例子包括加速稳定性评估程序 (ASAP)、高级动力学建模 (AKM) 以及涉及使用贝叶斯统计和人工智能 (AI) 应用(如机器学习 (ML))的新型建模方法,适用于合成分子和生物分子。对于生物制剂,可利用特定产品和平台先验知识来克服非定量稳定性指示属性模型的局限性。通过将预测数据与实时稳定性数据进行比较来成功进行持续验证的方法将是一种适当的风险管理方法,旨在解决监管机构关注的问题,并进一步建立监管机构对这些预测建模方法稳健性的信心。全球监管机构对稳定性建模的认可可以让患者更快地获得潜在的救命药物,而不会影响质量、安全性或疗效。
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引用次数: 0
Immunogenicity risk assessment of empty capsids present in adeno-associated viral vectors using predictive innate immune responses. 利用预测性先天性免疫反应评估腺相关病毒载体空壳的免疫原性风险。
IF 3.7 3区 医学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.09.006
Nicole Jarvi, Kirk Hofman, Aditi Venkatesh, Emily Gorecki, Sathy V Balu-Iyer

Immunogenicity of gene therapy and the impacts on safety and efficacy are of increasing interest in the pharmaceutical industry. Unique structural aspects of gene therapy delivery vectors, such as adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors, are expected to activate the innate immune system. The risk of innate immune activation is critical to understand due to the potential impacts on safety and on subsequent adaptive immune responses. In this study, we investigated the responses of key innate immune players-dendritic cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and the complement system-to AAV8 capsids. Immunogenicity risk was also predicted in the presence empty AAV capsids for AAV gene therapy. Compared to genome-containing "full" AAV8 capsids, empty AAV8 capsids more strongly induced proinflammatory cytokine production and migration by human and mouse dendritic cells, but the "full" capsid increased expression of co-stimulatory markers. Furthermore, in an NK cell degranulation assay, we found mixtures of empty and full AAV8 capsids to activate expression of TNF-α, IFN-γ, and CD107a more strongly in multiple NK cell populations compared to either capsid type alone. Serum complement C3a was also induced more strongly in the presence of mixed empty and full AAV8 capsid formulations. Risk for innate immune activation suggests the importance to determine acceptable limits of empty capsids. Immunogenicity risk assessment of novel biological modalities will benefit from the aforementioned in vitro innate immune activation assays providing valuable mechanistic information.

基因治疗的免疫原性及其对安全性和有效性的影响越来越受到制药业的关注。基因治疗载体(如腺相关病毒(AAV)载体)的独特结构预计会激活先天性免疫系统。先天性免疫激活的风险对安全性和后续适应性免疫反应具有潜在影响,因此了解这种风险至关重要。在这项研究中,我们调查了先天性免疫的主要参与者--树突状细胞、自然杀伤(NK)细胞和补体系统--对 AAV8 包囊的反应。我们还预测了空AAV包被用于AAV基因治疗时的免疫原性风险。与含有基因组的 "全 "AAV8病毒衣壳相比,空AAV8病毒衣壳能更强烈地诱导人和小鼠树突状细胞产生促炎细胞因子和迁移,但 "全 "病毒衣壳会增加共刺激标记物的表达。此外,在 NK 细胞脱颗粒试验中,我们发现空 AAV8 和全 AAV8 包囊的混合物与单独使用其中一种包囊相比,能更强地激活多种 NK 细胞群中 TNF-α、IFN-γ 和 CD107a 的表达。血清补体 C3a 在混合的空 AAV8 和全 AAV8 胶囊制剂中也有更强的诱导作用。先天性免疫激活的风险表明,确定空囊壳的可接受限度非常重要。新型生物模式的免疫原性风险评估将受益于上述体外先天性免疫激活试验,这些试验提供了宝贵的机理信息。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
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