The Success Case Method (SCM) technique is a relatively quick and easy method of verifying implementation success. Using the SCM technique, this study evaluates culturally competent health and nutrition education trainings on diabetes type II control directed to (50) male Latinos/Hispanics living in Atlanta, Georgia. United States. In order to identify the most (and least) successful participants, a brief 5-questions survey was provided four (4) weeks after the completion of the training. Five (5) factors were selected as measures of success: (1) Initiation, (2) Continuity, (3) Self-Assessment, (4) Knowledge Sharing, and (5) Applicability to which participants had to determine on a scale of 1 to 5 their level of success. A random sample of five (5) of most successful and five (5) least successful participants were selected for interviews with the purpose of getting a deeper sense of the participants experience and determine the exact nature and extent of their success. Results revealed that most participants achieved success as a result of the training, with a higher number of “most successful” cases in initiation, continuity, self-assessment, and knowledge sharing. Applicability was not successfully achieved by a large number of participants, for example, how physical activity is important not only for diabetes type II control but also for high blood pressure control. In-depth interviews revealed that language, culture, credentials, clarification and family support are benefits for success, while, lack of time, income, supplies, lack of family support, and education are barriers for success. The results demonstrate the need for topic specific trainings that provide knowledge and skills for this community on chronic disease prevention and health promotion; the importance of social assistance in order to address barriers and the influence of family support in the Latino men health status and decision-making.
{"title":"Evaluation Findings of Culturally Competent Nutrition Trainings: A Case Study Using the Success Case Method","authors":"Yuliette Gonzalez, Marcia Almuina Guemes, Yanelis Gonzalez","doi":"10.4172/2155-9600.1000667719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9600.1000667719","url":null,"abstract":"The Success Case Method (SCM) technique is a relatively quick and easy method of verifying implementation success. Using the SCM technique, this study evaluates culturally competent health and nutrition education trainings on diabetes type II control directed to (50) male Latinos/Hispanics living in Atlanta, Georgia. United States. In order to identify the most (and least) successful participants, a brief 5-questions survey was provided four (4) weeks after the completion of the training. Five (5) factors were selected as measures of success: (1) Initiation, (2) Continuity, (3) Self-Assessment, (4) Knowledge Sharing, and (5) Applicability to which participants had to determine on a scale of 1 to 5 their level of success. A random sample of five (5) of most successful and five (5) least successful participants were selected for interviews with the purpose of getting a deeper sense of the participants experience and determine the exact nature and extent of their success. Results revealed that most participants achieved success as a result of the training, with a higher number of “most successful” cases in initiation, continuity, self-assessment, and knowledge sharing. Applicability was not successfully achieved by a large number of participants, for example, how physical activity is important not only for diabetes type II control but also for high blood pressure control. In-depth interviews revealed that language, culture, credentials, clarification and family support are benefits for success, while, lack of time, income, supplies, lack of family support, and education are barriers for success. The results demonstrate the need for topic specific trainings that provide knowledge and skills for this community on chronic disease prevention and health promotion; the importance of social assistance in order to address barriers and the influence of family support in the Latino men health status and decision-making.","PeriodicalId":16764,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences","volume":"93 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84178086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-9600.1000709
R. Singh, Deepti Deshpande
Functional properties of chicken breast meat are affected by heat treatments and the condition of meat, i.e., normal or pale, soft exudative (PSE) meat. The two main fractions of meat proteins, myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic are affected differently by the treatments and the condition of the meat. The aim of this study was to extract myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic proteins from the chicken breast meat and determine differences in protein extractability between normal and PSE meat, and determine temperature transitions in whole muscle and its constituent proteins. The protein concentration of sarcoplasmic protein was less than that of myofibrillar protein in chicken breast muscle. It was also found that the protein solubility differed in normal and PSE muscle. The PSE muscle showed lower protein solubility as compared to the normal muscle which was assumed to be due to the denaturation of some of the protein fractions in PSE muscle. The results of SDS-PAGE did not show much variance in the protein profiles of the PSE and normal samples indicating that the solubilized protein in PSE and normal samples was similar. Thermal denaturation determined using differential Scanning Calorimeter, identified thermal transition peaks which could be of value in the design a scheduled heating sequence for cooking of chicken breast.
{"title":"Thermally Induced Changes in Quality of Chicken Breast Meat Protein Fractions","authors":"R. Singh, Deepti Deshpande","doi":"10.4172/2155-9600.1000709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9600.1000709","url":null,"abstract":"Functional properties of chicken breast meat are affected by heat treatments and the condition of meat, i.e., normal or pale, soft exudative (PSE) meat. The two main fractions of meat proteins, myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic are affected differently by the treatments and the condition of the meat. The aim of this study was to extract myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic proteins from the chicken breast meat and determine differences in protein extractability between normal and PSE meat, and determine temperature transitions in whole muscle and its constituent proteins. The protein concentration of sarcoplasmic protein was less than that of myofibrillar protein in chicken breast muscle. It was also found that the protein solubility differed in normal and PSE muscle. The PSE muscle showed lower protein solubility as compared to the normal muscle which was assumed to be due to the denaturation of some of the protein fractions in PSE muscle. The results of SDS-PAGE did not show much variance in the protein profiles of the PSE and normal samples indicating that the solubilized protein in PSE and normal samples was similar. Thermal denaturation determined using differential Scanning Calorimeter, identified thermal transition peaks which could be of value in the design a scheduled heating sequence for cooking of chicken breast.","PeriodicalId":16764,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences","volume":"35 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88005826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-9600.1000648
S. Roh, O. Kwon, Young-bae Seo
We aimed to evaluate the renal protective capacity of Fermented Black Ginseng (FBG) and its mechanism to reduce the cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Nephrotoxicity was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin (20 mg/kg) and treated with white ginseng (WB) and FBG (200 mg/kg/day, orally) for 4 days before cisplatin treatment. Biochemical results showed that WG and FBG pretreatment significantly reduced the increase of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine, and histopathological changes were meaningfully ameliorated. Cisplatin increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and depletion of Glutathione (GSH) in serum and kidney, whereas, WG or FBG administration markedly down-regulated. Moreover, the expression of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin (IL)-6 was markedly suppressed by both WB and FBG. However, FBG pretreatment was more effective than those of WG in COX-2, iNOS, and IL-6 levels. Moreover, FBG treated mice significantly up-regulated the antioxidative enzymes. In HPLC analysis, the increasing ginsenoside contents that include Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rc, Rb3, Rd, Rg3, Rk1, and Rg5 by heat-processing were greater about 5.7 fold when fermentation additionally. Taken together, FBG may be a worthful candidate for the prevention of nephrotoxicity in patients receiving cisplatin.
本研究旨在探讨发酵黑参(FBG)对肾脏的保护作用及其降低顺铂肾毒性的机制。顺铂治疗前4天单次腹腔注射顺铂(20 mg/kg)，并用白参(WB)和FBG (200 mg/kg/天，口服)治疗。生化结果显示，WG和FBG预处理显著降低了血尿素氮(BUN)和肌酐的升高，组织病理学改变有明显改善。顺铂增加了血清和肾脏中活性氧(ROS)的产生和谷胱甘肽(GSH)的消耗，而WG或FBG则明显下调。此外，WB和FBG显著抑制了核因子κ b (NF-κB)、环氧化酶-2 (COX-2)、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)、肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNF-α)和白细胞介素-6的表达。但在COX-2、iNOS和IL-6水平上，FBG预处理比WG预处理更有效。此外，FBG处理小鼠的抗氧化酶显著上调。HPLC分析表明，经热处理后人参皂苷Rg1、Re、Rb1、Rc、Rb3、Rd、Rg3、Rk1、Rg5含量增加约5.7倍。综上所述，FBG可能是预防顺铂患者肾毒性的一个有价值的候选物。
{"title":"Renoprotective Effects of Fermented Black Ginseng through Ameliorating Oxidative Stress Associated with Cisplatin-Induced Acute Nephrotoxicity in Mice","authors":"S. Roh, O. Kwon, Young-bae Seo","doi":"10.4172/2155-9600.1000648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9600.1000648","url":null,"abstract":"We aimed to evaluate the renal protective capacity of Fermented Black Ginseng (FBG) and its mechanism to reduce the cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Nephrotoxicity was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin (20 mg/kg) and treated with white ginseng (WB) and FBG (200 mg/kg/day, orally) for 4 days before cisplatin treatment. Biochemical results showed that WG and FBG pretreatment significantly reduced the increase of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine, and histopathological changes were meaningfully ameliorated. Cisplatin increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and depletion of Glutathione (GSH) in serum and kidney, whereas, WG or FBG administration markedly down-regulated. Moreover, the expression of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin (IL)-6 was markedly suppressed by both WB and FBG. However, FBG pretreatment was more effective than those of WG in COX-2, iNOS, and IL-6 levels. Moreover, FBG treated mice significantly up-regulated the antioxidative enzymes. In HPLC analysis, the increasing ginsenoside contents that include Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rc, Rb3, Rd, Rg3, Rk1, and Rg5 by heat-processing were greater about 5.7 fold when fermentation additionally. Taken together, FBG may be a worthful candidate for the prevention of nephrotoxicity in patients receiving cisplatin.","PeriodicalId":16764,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences","volume":"33 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88248876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-9600.1000700
S. Bell, P. Ling, R. Baker, C. Marsland
Seventy percent of the United States population is overweight or obese, which increases the risk of chronic conditions and premature death. Strategies for losing weight have so far proved unsuccessful, and compounding the problem is that funding for clinical nutritional research studies is limited. Food companies can fund clinical studies, supervised by nutritional researchers. Herein is such a study where a food company’s customers were provided five, free, portion-controlled, nutrient-dense meals each day for 15 days to help improve their diet quality and lose weight. In exchange, participants completed data collection forms and posted video and comments on social media. Both normal weight (n=46) and overweight and obese subjects (n=97) participated. Subjects consumed four to five of the nutrient-dense meals, which contributed about 1,250 kcal daily and about 140%-165% of the Daily Value for all vitamins and minerals, except sodium. In addition, they consumed other foods adding another 250-300 kcal. The group lost a significant amount of weight (1.5 ± 4.5 kg; P<0.0001). After 15 days, more than 60% of the participants reported feeling better, having better sleep, and having more energy. In the subgroup of overweight and obese subjects, weight loss was 2 ± 2 kg in the overweight group (P<0.001) and for obese subjects, it was 2 ± 7 kg (P<0.01). Of this group, 17 lost at least 5% body weight, which is medically significant. Waist circumference decreased significantly for overweight women (P<0.001), overweight men (P=0.005), and obese men (P<0.0001). Waist circumference normalized in 12 individuals, indicating a reduction in the risk of hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. The findings suggest that nutrient-dense meals, promote weight loss and improve health. Spontaneous energy-restriction occurred without hunger by consuming nutrient-dense foods. Weight loss strategies of the future may focus on nutrient-counting rather than calorie-counting.
70%的美国人超重或肥胖，这增加了患慢性病和过早死亡的风险。到目前为止，减肥的策略被证明是不成功的，而使问题更加复杂的是临床营养研究的资金有限。食品公司可以资助由营养研究人员监督的临床研究。这里有一个这样的研究，一家食品公司的顾客在15天内每天提供五顿免费的、份量控制的、营养丰富的饭菜，以帮助他们改善饮食质量和减肥。作为交换，参与者填写数据收集表格，并在社交媒体上发布视频和评论。正常体重(n=46)和超重及肥胖受试者(n=97)均参与。受试者每天食用四到五份营养丰富的膳食，这些膳食提供了约1,250千卡的热量，约占每日所需维生素和矿物质(钠除外)的140%-165%。此外，他们还食用其他食物，增加250-300千卡热量。这组人的体重明显减轻(1.5±4.5公斤;P < 0.0001)。15天后，超过60%的参与者报告感觉更好，睡眠更好，精力更充沛。在超重和肥胖亚组中，超重组体重减轻2±2 kg (P<0.001)，肥胖组体重减轻2±7 kg (P<0.01)。在这组人中，有17人的体重至少减轻了5%，这在医学上是很重要的。超重女性(P<0.001)、超重男性(P=0.005)和肥胖男性(P<0.0001)的腰围显著降低。12个人的腰围恢复正常，表明高血压、2型糖尿病和心血管疾病的风险降低。研究结果表明，营养丰富的饮食有助于减肥和改善健康。自发的能量限制发生在没有饥饿的情况下，通过食用营养丰富的食物。未来的减肥策略可能侧重于营养计数而不是卡路里计数。
{"title":"Use of Self-Reported Data to Determine the Effect of Nutrient-Dense Meals on Body Weight and Quality of Life","authors":"S. Bell, P. Ling, R. Baker, C. Marsland","doi":"10.4172/2155-9600.1000700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9600.1000700","url":null,"abstract":"Seventy percent of the United States population is overweight or obese, which increases the risk of chronic conditions and premature death. Strategies for losing weight have so far proved unsuccessful, and compounding the problem is that funding for clinical nutritional research studies is limited. Food companies can fund clinical studies, supervised by nutritional researchers. Herein is such a study where a food company’s customers were provided five, free, portion-controlled, nutrient-dense meals each day for 15 days to help improve their diet quality and lose weight. In exchange, participants completed data collection forms and posted video and comments on social media. Both normal weight (n=46) and overweight and obese subjects (n=97) participated. Subjects consumed four to five of the nutrient-dense meals, which contributed about 1,250 kcal daily and about 140%-165% of the Daily Value for all vitamins and minerals, except sodium. In addition, they consumed other foods adding another 250-300 kcal. The group lost a significant amount of weight (1.5 ± 4.5 kg; P<0.0001). After 15 days, more than 60% of the participants reported feeling better, having better sleep, and having more energy. In the subgroup of overweight and obese subjects, weight loss was 2 ± 2 kg in the overweight group (P<0.001) and for obese subjects, it was 2 ± 7 kg (P<0.01). Of this group, 17 lost at least 5% body weight, which is medically significant. Waist circumference decreased significantly for overweight women (P<0.001), overweight men (P=0.005), and obese men (P<0.0001). Waist circumference normalized in 12 individuals, indicating a reduction in the risk of hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. The findings suggest that nutrient-dense meals, promote weight loss and improve health. Spontaneous energy-restriction occurred without hunger by consuming nutrient-dense foods. Weight loss strategies of the future may focus on nutrient-counting rather than calorie-counting.","PeriodicalId":16764,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88251754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-9600.1000738
B. Framroze, F. Havaldar
Calcium is an essential mineral that supports bone and joint health. It is used as a supplement, most typically as calcium carbonate, to assist in preserving bone density especially when dietary calcium intake is inadequate. In the present study we examined the effect of five varied calcium sources, three natural and two synthetic, on stimulation, proliferation and mineralization of cultured human osteoblast cells. A MTT assay using cultured human fetal osteoblast cells (hFOB 1.19) was used to determine the effective proliferative dose for salmon collagen bone calcium (0.25 mg/ml). Elemental calcium equivalence was used to select the appropriate doses for algae calcium (0.14 mg/ml), eggshell powder (0.16 mg/ml), calcium citrate (0.22 mg/ml) and calcium carbonate (0.13). Alkaline phosphatase activity, DNA synthesis rates and calcium ion deposition were evaluated after incubation under different conditions and harvesting the cells. Alkaline phosphatase activity, DNA synthesis rates and calcium ion deposition rates were all highest for the natural salmon bone collagen calcium, followed by algae calcium. The eggshell powder, calcium citrate and calcium carbonate did not exhibit significant changes from control in most of these assays. The results of these assays suggest that natural marine collagen calcium such as salmon bone collagen calcium acts as the most effective intervention on osteoblast performance and actual calcium deposition. It should be recommended as a superior supplement for improved bone and joint health function.
{"title":"An In Vitro Study on the Effect of Five Commercial Calcium Supplements on Human Osteoblast Cell Proliferation and Ca2+ Mineralization","authors":"B. Framroze, F. Havaldar","doi":"10.4172/2155-9600.1000738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9600.1000738","url":null,"abstract":"Calcium is an essential mineral that supports bone and joint health. It is used as a supplement, most typically as calcium carbonate, to assist in preserving bone density especially when dietary calcium intake is inadequate. In the present study we examined the effect of five varied calcium sources, three natural and two synthetic, on stimulation, proliferation and mineralization of cultured human osteoblast cells. A MTT assay using cultured human fetal osteoblast cells (hFOB 1.19) was used to determine the effective proliferative dose for salmon collagen bone calcium (0.25 mg/ml). Elemental calcium equivalence was used to select the appropriate doses for algae calcium (0.14 mg/ml), eggshell powder (0.16 mg/ml), calcium citrate (0.22 mg/ml) and calcium carbonate (0.13). Alkaline phosphatase activity, DNA synthesis rates and calcium ion deposition were evaluated after incubation under different conditions and harvesting the cells. Alkaline phosphatase activity, DNA synthesis rates and calcium ion deposition rates were all highest for the natural salmon bone collagen calcium, followed by algae calcium. The eggshell powder, calcium citrate and calcium carbonate did not exhibit significant changes from control in most of these assays. The results of these assays suggest that natural marine collagen calcium such as salmon bone collagen calcium acts as the most effective intervention on osteoblast performance and actual calcium deposition. It should be recommended as a superior supplement for improved bone and joint health function.","PeriodicalId":16764,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86373223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-9600.1000672
Umran Seven Erdemir, Y. Sahan, Ş. Gucer
In this study, total concentrations and bioaccessibility of some essential and toxic elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) were determined in commercial fruit purees intended for baby consumption as complementary foods. Enzymatic in vitro digestions were performed to simulate the stomach and the intestine conditions. A five-level, three factor central composite design, was applied to optimize the open-wet digestion methodology as well as enzyme amounts used in vitro methods to achieve maximum elemental levels. Rice flour and baby food composite certified reference materials analysis were applied to optimize the digestion parameters and evaluate the accuracy of the optimized method. Water fractions of samples were analyzed and evaluated in terms of their suitability for risk assessment studies by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Recommended dietary allowance level of 1.3% for Zn, adequate intake levels of 15.3%, 0.04%, 4.4% and 68% for Cu, Mg, Mn and Cr, respectively were achieved as well as 20%, 6% level and 2% tolerable intakes of Cd, Ni and As, respectively. Thus, contribution of the consumption of one jar of fruit based complementary baby food to diet of infants aged up to 12 months were assessed.
{"title":"Assessing the Bioaccessibilities of Some Elements in Fruit Based Complementary Baby Foods","authors":"Umran Seven Erdemir, Y. Sahan, Ş. Gucer","doi":"10.4172/2155-9600.1000672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9600.1000672","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, total concentrations and bioaccessibility of some essential and toxic elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) were determined in commercial fruit purees intended for baby consumption as complementary foods. Enzymatic in vitro digestions were performed to simulate the stomach and the intestine conditions. A five-level, three factor central composite design, was applied to optimize the open-wet digestion methodology as well as enzyme amounts used in vitro methods to achieve maximum elemental levels. Rice flour and baby food composite certified reference materials analysis were applied to optimize the digestion parameters and evaluate the accuracy of the optimized method. Water fractions of samples were analyzed and evaluated in terms of their suitability for risk assessment studies by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Recommended dietary allowance level of 1.3% for Zn, adequate intake levels of 15.3%, 0.04%, 4.4% and 68% for Cu, Mg, Mn and Cr, respectively were achieved as well as 20%, 6% level and 2% tolerable intakes of Cd, Ni and As, respectively. Thus, contribution of the consumption of one jar of fruit based complementary baby food to diet of infants aged up to 12 months were assessed.","PeriodicalId":16764,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences","volume":"41 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84156278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-9600.1000E143
S. Youngwanichsetha
Metabolic syndrome is known to be a metabolic health problem among people worldwide. It is composed of abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, elevated blood glucose and dyslipidemia. These manifestations cause several organs and systems dysfunction. Many chronic diseases are associated with the metabolic syndrome including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, stroke, renal failure and its complications.
{"title":"Healthy Eating for Prevention of the Metabolic Syndrome","authors":"S. Youngwanichsetha","doi":"10.4172/2155-9600.1000E143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9600.1000E143","url":null,"abstract":"Metabolic syndrome is known to be a metabolic health problem among people worldwide. It is composed of abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, elevated blood glucose and dyslipidemia. These manifestations cause several organs and systems dysfunction. Many chronic diseases are associated with the metabolic syndrome including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, stroke, renal failure and its complications.","PeriodicalId":16764,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences","volume":"51 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89578651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-9600.1000662
H. Kume, Keiko Okazaki, N. Yamamoto, Yusuke Omae, K. Ashida, Takeshi Takahashi, I. Kimura
An enteral formula containing fermented milk products and prebiotics (prebiotic formula, PF) is known to promote the proliferation of Bifidobacterium and the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in humans and rats. We studied the effect of PF on the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and the involvement of SCFAs in this process, using the knockout (KO) mice for the SCFA receptors G protein-coupled receptor 41 (GPR41) and G protein-coupled receptor 43 (GPR43). Wild type (WT) or KO mice were fed either a standard formula (SF) or PF for two weeks, and then were orally administered either PF or SF after overnight fasting and dissected after 0, 30, 60, and 240 minutes. Blood GLP-1 and glucose levels were measured (Experiment 1). Alternatively, mice fed SF or PF for two weeks were dissected after four hours of fasting, and their blood GLP-1 and cecal SCFAs levels were measured (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, WT and GPR43KO mice showed a significant increase in GLP-1 concentration 30 and/or 60 minutes after formula administration in the PF group compared with that in the SF group. Similarly, WT and GPR43KO mice showed a significant suppression of the increase in glucose levels after formula administration in the PF group compared with that in the SF group. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in GLP-1 concentration or blood glucose levels between the two treatment groups in GPR41KO mice. In Experiment 2, there was a significant increase in cecal SCFA levels in the PF group compared with that in the SF group for all mice, as well as an increase in GLP-1 concentration. PF promotes GLP-1 secretion and SCFAs might contribute to the GLP-1 secretion that occurs directly after ingestion, through GPR41 signal transduction.
{"title":"An Enteral Formula Containing Fermented Milk Products and Prebiotics Promotes Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Secretion via Short Chain Fatty Acid Signaling","authors":"H. Kume, Keiko Okazaki, N. Yamamoto, Yusuke Omae, K. Ashida, Takeshi Takahashi, I. Kimura","doi":"10.4172/2155-9600.1000662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9600.1000662","url":null,"abstract":"An enteral formula containing fermented milk products and prebiotics (prebiotic formula, PF) is known to promote the proliferation of Bifidobacterium and the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in humans and rats. We studied the effect of PF on the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and the involvement of SCFAs in this process, using the knockout (KO) mice for the SCFA receptors G protein-coupled receptor 41 (GPR41) and G protein-coupled receptor 43 (GPR43). Wild type (WT) or KO mice were fed either a standard formula (SF) or PF for two weeks, and then were orally administered either PF or SF after overnight fasting and dissected after 0, 30, 60, and 240 minutes. Blood GLP-1 and glucose levels were measured (Experiment 1). Alternatively, mice fed SF or PF for two weeks were dissected after four hours of fasting, and their blood GLP-1 and cecal SCFAs levels were measured (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, WT and GPR43KO mice showed a significant increase in GLP-1 concentration 30 and/or 60 minutes after formula administration in the PF group compared with that in the SF group. Similarly, WT and GPR43KO mice showed a significant suppression of the increase in glucose levels after formula administration in the PF group compared with that in the SF group. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in GLP-1 concentration or blood glucose levels between the two treatment groups in GPR41KO mice. In Experiment 2, there was a significant increase in cecal SCFA levels in the PF group compared with that in the SF group for all mice, as well as an increase in GLP-1 concentration. PF promotes GLP-1 secretion and SCFAs might contribute to the GLP-1 secretion that occurs directly after ingestion, through GPR41 signal transduction.","PeriodicalId":16764,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences","volume":"100 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83348773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-9600.1000696
Michael J Abercrombie, J. Shary, M. Ebeling, B. Hollis, C. Wagner
Objective: To perform per-protocol analysis of data obtained from the NICHD vitamin D pregnancy study published by Hollis et al., which found via intent-to-treat analysis that 4000IU/day vitamin D supplementation is safe and effective in achieving sufficiency in women and neonates. This study hypothesizes that differential adherence as examined by per-protocol analysis will affect the magnitude of differences in maternal and neonatal vitamin D status between treatment groups.Study design: A double-blind, RCT of vitamin D supplementation (400, 2000 or 4000IU/day) in 350 Caucasian, African American and Hispanic women with singleton pregnancies was conducted. This study defines adherence as 75% and 85% of pills taken between visits and examines the effect of adherence on vitamin D status across treatment groups. The primary outcome, measured by radioimmunoassay, is maternal serum 25(OH)D throughout pregnancy, one month prior to delivery (PTD) and neonatal serum 25(OH)D at delivery.Results: No statistically significant difference in maternal 25(OH)D throughout pregnancy, 1-month PTD, or neonatal 25(OH)D were found between 75% adherent participants and nonadherent participants regardless of supplementation. At 85% adherence, maternal 25(OH)D throughout pregnancy, one month PTD, and neonatal 25(OH)D were significantly higher in the 4000IU group compared to nonadherent participants (p=0.0002, p=0.0074, p=0.0068, respectively). No significant differences were found with 400 or 2000IU supplementation regardless of adherence.Conclusions: Participants 85% adherent to protocol and receiving 4000IU vitamin D were the only group that demonstrated significantly higher vitamin D status for each outcome: maternal 25(OH)D throughout pregnancy, 1-month PTD and neonatal 25(OH)D. Compared to intent-to-treat, this powerful per-protocol analysis demonstrates the impact that nonadherence can have on study results and has implications for how clinical trial data are analyzed and presented.
{"title":"Analysis of the NICHD Vitamin D Pregnancy Cohort on a Per-Protocol vs. Intent-to-Treat Basis: The Effect of Adherence on Trial Results","authors":"Michael J Abercrombie, J. Shary, M. Ebeling, B. Hollis, C. Wagner","doi":"10.4172/2155-9600.1000696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9600.1000696","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To perform per-protocol analysis of data obtained from the NICHD vitamin D pregnancy study published by Hollis et al., which found via intent-to-treat analysis that 4000IU/day vitamin D supplementation is safe and effective in achieving sufficiency in women and neonates. This study hypothesizes that differential adherence as examined by per-protocol analysis will affect the magnitude of differences in maternal and neonatal vitamin D status between treatment groups.Study design: A double-blind, RCT of vitamin D supplementation (400, 2000 or 4000IU/day) in 350 Caucasian, African American and Hispanic women with singleton pregnancies was conducted. This study defines adherence as 75% and 85% of pills taken between visits and examines the effect of adherence on vitamin D status across treatment groups. The primary outcome, measured by radioimmunoassay, is maternal serum 25(OH)D throughout pregnancy, one month prior to delivery (PTD) and neonatal serum 25(OH)D at delivery.Results: No statistically significant difference in maternal 25(OH)D throughout pregnancy, 1-month PTD, or neonatal 25(OH)D were found between 75% adherent participants and nonadherent participants regardless of supplementation. At 85% adherence, maternal 25(OH)D throughout pregnancy, one month PTD, and neonatal 25(OH)D were significantly higher in the 4000IU group compared to nonadherent participants (p=0.0002, p=0.0074, p=0.0068, respectively). No significant differences were found with 400 or 2000IU supplementation regardless of adherence.Conclusions: Participants 85% adherent to protocol and receiving 4000IU vitamin D were the only group that demonstrated significantly higher vitamin D status for each outcome: maternal 25(OH)D throughout pregnancy, 1-month PTD and neonatal 25(OH)D. Compared to intent-to-treat, this powerful per-protocol analysis demonstrates the impact that nonadherence can have on study results and has implications for how clinical trial data are analyzed and presented.","PeriodicalId":16764,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences","volume":"6 18 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78507943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-9600.1000661
I. Hakim, L. Garland, Robin B Harris, H. Chow
Background: The effect on tea consumption on blood pressure and liver enzymes are controversial. The beneficial effects of long-term ingestion of black and green tea on systolic and diastolic blood pressure have been suggested by several studies.Objectives: The overall goal of this study was to determine the effects of high tea consumption on blood pressure and liver enzymes.Design: We completed a 6-month randomized, controlled, double-blinded trial in a group of former and current smokers who were randomized to receive black or green tea preparations or a matching placebo.Results: A total of 146 participants (80 females and 66 males) were enrolled in the study. At the end of the 6-month intervention, women in the black tea group showed a 4 mmHg decrease (p = 0.01) in systolic blood pressure while female in the green tea group showed a 30.1% decrease (p = 0.035) in Alanine transaminase (ALT). No significant changes were observed in men.Conclusion: Our data confirm previous findings related to the beneficial effect of black tea on blood pressure and of green tea on serum liver enzymes especially among females. In addition, our study showed that long-term regular consumption of black tea and green is safe.
{"title":"Effects of Black and Green Tea Consumption on Blood Pressure and Liver Enzymes: A Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"I. Hakim, L. Garland, Robin B Harris, H. Chow","doi":"10.4172/2155-9600.1000661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9600.1000661","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The effect on tea consumption on blood pressure and liver enzymes are controversial. The beneficial effects of long-term ingestion of black and green tea on systolic and diastolic blood pressure have been suggested by several studies.Objectives: The overall goal of this study was to determine the effects of high tea consumption on blood pressure and liver enzymes.Design: We completed a 6-month randomized, controlled, double-blinded trial in a group of former and current smokers who were randomized to receive black or green tea preparations or a matching placebo.Results: A total of 146 participants (80 females and 66 males) were enrolled in the study. At the end of the 6-month intervention, women in the black tea group showed a 4 mmHg decrease (p = 0.01) in systolic blood pressure while female in the green tea group showed a 30.1% decrease (p = 0.035) in Alanine transaminase (ALT). No significant changes were observed in men.Conclusion: Our data confirm previous findings related to the beneficial effect of black tea on blood pressure and of green tea on serum liver enzymes especially among females. In addition, our study showed that long-term regular consumption of black tea and green is safe.","PeriodicalId":16764,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79072742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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