Carl Bergmann was an astute naturalist and physiologist. His ideas about animal size and shape were important advances in the pre-Darwinian nineteenth century. Bergmann’s rule claims that that in cold climates, large body mass increases the ratio of volume-to-surface area and provides for maximum metabolic heat retention in mammals and birds. Conversely, in warmer temperatures, smaller body mass increases surface area relative to volume and allows for greater heat loss. For humans, we now know that body size and shape are regulated more by social-economic-political-emotional (SEPE) factors as well as nutrition-infection interactions. Temperature has virtually no effect. Bergmann’s rule is a “just-so” story and should be relegated to teaching and scholarship about the history of science. That “rule” is no longer acceptable science and has nothing to tell us about physiological anthropology.
{"title":"Bergmann’s rule is a “just-so” story of human body size","authors":"Bogin, Barry, Hermanussen, Michael, Scheffler, Christiane","doi":"10.1186/s40101-022-00287-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40101-022-00287-z","url":null,"abstract":"Carl Bergmann was an astute naturalist and physiologist. His ideas about animal size and shape were important advances in the pre-Darwinian nineteenth century. Bergmann’s rule claims that that in cold climates, large body mass increases the ratio of volume-to-surface area and provides for maximum metabolic heat retention in mammals and birds. Conversely, in warmer temperatures, smaller body mass increases surface area relative to volume and allows for greater heat loss. For humans, we now know that body size and shape are regulated more by social-economic-political-emotional (SEPE) factors as well as nutrition-infection interactions. Temperature has virtually no effect. Bergmann’s rule is a “just-so” story and should be relegated to teaching and scholarship about the history of science. That “rule” is no longer acceptable science and has nothing to tell us about physiological anthropology.","PeriodicalId":16768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Anthropology","volume":"554 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138504599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-12DOI: 10.1186/s40101-022-00288-y
Nurul Athirah Naserrudin, April Monroe, R. Culleton, R. Hod, M. Jeffree, K. Ahmed, M. R. Hassan
{"title":"Reimagining zoonotic malaria control in communities exposed to Plasmodium knowlesi infection","authors":"Nurul Athirah Naserrudin, April Monroe, R. Culleton, R. Hod, M. Jeffree, K. Ahmed, M. R. Hassan","doi":"10.1186/s40101-022-00288-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40101-022-00288-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Anthropology","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65832759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a promising therapeutic molecule. Epigenetic mechanisms, including non-coding RNAs, regulate the expression level of the PPARγ gene. We aimed to examine the PPARγ expression in non-diabetic individuals in four body mass index (BMI) categories and its association with miR-34a and miR-143 expression. Visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues (VAT and SAT) samples were collected from patients undergoing bariatric or elective open abdominal surgeries. The subjects (mean age: 42±14.8 years) included 18 normal-weight, 19 overweight, 18 obese, and 19 morbidly obese individuals. The RNAs levels were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. The PPARγ expression was significantly upregulated in both adipose depots of the morbidly obese subjects compared to the normal group. SAT PPARγ level was significantly increased in the obese group compared to the normal-weight group (P<0.01); this increase was also significant in the SAT of morbidly obese subjects compared to the overweight cases (P=0.02). Differences in the regulation of PPARγ expression in both SAT and VAT were significant between the four groups (P<0.05). While miR-143 was overexpressed in the SAT of obese and morbidly obese individuals compared to the normal-weight group, the pairwise comparison showed no significant difference in the miR-34a expression of SAT between the four BMI groups (P>0.01). After controlling for the confounding factors, the expression of VAT PPARγ was directly associated with the miR-34a level in the normal-weight group (β=0.311, P=0.010). A negative association was observed between the VAT PPARγ expression and miR-34a expression in obese cases (β = − 0.594, P=0.039). The results also confirmed the regulatory function of microRNAs in the PPARγ expression and adipogenesis.
{"title":"Association of miR-34a and miR-143 levels with PPARγ gene expression in adipose tissues of non-diabetic adults","authors":"Zarkesh, Maryam, Tabaei, Kimia, Akbarzadeh, Mahdi, Daneshafrooz, Afsoon, Zadeh-Vakili, Azita","doi":"10.1186/s40101-022-00286-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40101-022-00286-0","url":null,"abstract":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a promising therapeutic molecule. Epigenetic mechanisms, including non-coding RNAs, regulate the expression level of the PPARγ gene. We aimed to examine the PPARγ expression in non-diabetic individuals in four body mass index (BMI) categories and its association with miR-34a and miR-143 expression. Visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues (VAT and SAT) samples were collected from patients undergoing bariatric or elective open abdominal surgeries. The subjects (mean age: 42±14.8 years) included 18 normal-weight, 19 overweight, 18 obese, and 19 morbidly obese individuals. The RNAs levels were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. The PPARγ expression was significantly upregulated in both adipose depots of the morbidly obese subjects compared to the normal group. SAT PPARγ level was significantly increased in the obese group compared to the normal-weight group (P<0.01); this increase was also significant in the SAT of morbidly obese subjects compared to the overweight cases (P=0.02). Differences in the regulation of PPARγ expression in both SAT and VAT were significant between the four groups (P<0.05). While miR-143 was overexpressed in the SAT of obese and morbidly obese individuals compared to the normal-weight group, the pairwise comparison showed no significant difference in the miR-34a expression of SAT between the four BMI groups (P>0.01). After controlling for the confounding factors, the expression of VAT PPARγ was directly associated with the miR-34a level in the normal-weight group (β=0.311, P=0.010). A negative association was observed between the VAT PPARγ expression and miR-34a expression in obese cases (β = − 0.594, P=0.039). The results also confirmed the regulatory function of microRNAs in the PPARγ expression and adipogenesis.","PeriodicalId":16768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Anthropology","volume":"556 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138504607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Tsarang (at 3560 m), which is located in Mustang, 62.7% of the residents answered that they had a subjective medical history of arthritis, and 41.1% of the residents answered that their families had a subjective medical history of arthritis on a survey conducted in 2017. The expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) and its effects are deeply involved in hypoxic adaptation in Tibetan highlanders. At the same time, HIF is also related to the onset of rheumatoid arthritis. Therefore, the adaptive mechanism acquired by Tibetan highlanders may promote the development of rheumatoid arthritis. The prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis is estimated to be approximately 0.5–1.0% worldwide. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in Tsarang residents using existing diagnostic criteria and to explore its risk factors. An epidemiological survey was conducted in Tsarang in 2019. Data obtained from anthropometry and questionnaires were statistically analyzed. Biochemical measurements using blood samples were also performed, and the results were used to assess arthritis status. Residents’ joint status was scored, and arthritis was assessed based on the clinical disease activity index and ACR/EULAR 2010 criteria. Twenty-seven males and 50 females participated in this survey. In Tsarang, ACR/EULAR 2010 classified 4.3% of males and 7.1% of females as having rheumatoid arthritis, indicating a very high estimated prevalence. We also performed a multivariate analysis to explore its risk factors, and two factors, older age (standardized parameter estimate = 4.84E−01, 95% CI = [9.19E−02, 8.76E−01], p = 0.0170) and a history of living in urban areas (standardized parameter estimate = − 5.49E−01, 95% CI = [− 9.21E−01, 1.77E−01], p = 0.0050), significantly contributed to the higher ACR/EULAR 2010 score in females. In addition, three factors, having no spouse (standardized parameter estimate = 3.17E−01, 95% CI = [5.74E−02, 5.77E−01], p = 0.0179), having a smoking habit (standardized parameter estimate = 2.88E−01, 95% CI = [1.71E−02, 5.59E−01], p = 0.0377), and a history of living in urban areas (standardized parameter estimate = − 3.69E−01, 95% CI = [− 6.83E−01, − 5.60E−02], p = 0.0219), resulted in significantly higher clinical disease activity index scores in females. Furthermore, smoking habits were found to significantly increase blood hyaluronic acid in both males (standardized parameter estimate = 6.03E−01, 95% CI = [3.06E−01, 9.01E−01], p = 0.0020) and females (standardized parameter estimate = 4.87E−01, 95% CI = [5.63E−02, 9.18E−01], p = 0.0291). In this study, we evaluated the symptoms of arthritis and estimated the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis using classification criteria for Tibetan highlanders who have adapted to the hypoxic environment and fostered their own culture. The high prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis among Tsarang residents suggests that the hypoxic adaptation mechanism involving HIF in Tibetan hig
在野马州的察朗(海拔3560米)，在2017年进行的一项调查中，62.7%的居民回答他们有关节炎的主观病史，41.1%的居民回答他们的家庭有关节炎的主观病史。缺氧诱导因子(HIF)的表达及其影响与青藏高原人的缺氧适应密切相关。同时，HIF也与类风湿关节炎的发病有关。因此，青藏高原人获得的适应机制可能促进类风湿关节炎的发展。类风湿关节炎的患病率估计在全世界约为0.5-1.0%。本研究的目的是利用现有的诊断标准估计察朗居民类风湿性关节炎的患病率，并探讨其危险因素。2019年在查朗进行了流行病学调查。通过人体测量和问卷调查获得的数据进行统计分析。使用血液样本进行生化测量，结果用于评估关节炎状态。根据临床疾病活动指数和ACR/EULAR 2010标准对居民关节状态进行评分，并对关节炎进行评估。27名男性和50名女性参与了这项调查。在查朗，ACR/EULAR 2010将4.3%的男性和7.1%的女性归类为类风湿关节炎，表明估计患病率非常高。我们还进行了多因素分析以探讨其危险因素，年龄(标准化参数估计= 4.84E−01,95% CI = [9.19E−02,8.76E−01]，p = 0.0170)和城市生活史(标准化参数估计= - 5.49E−01,95% CI = [- 9.21E−01,1.77E−01]，p = 0.0050)是女性较高的ACR/EULAR 2010评分的显著因素。此外，无配偶(标准化参数估计= 3.17E−01,95% CI = [5.74E−02,5.77E−01]，p = 0.0179)、有吸烟习惯(标准化参数估计= 2.88E−01,95% CI = [1.71E−02,5.59E−01]，p = 0.0377)、有城市生活史(标准化参数估计= - 3.69E−01,95% CI = [- 6.83E−01，- 5.60E−02]，p = 0.0219)是导致女性临床疾病活动指数得分较高的三个因素。此外，吸烟习惯显著增加了男性和女性的血透明质酸(标准化参数估计= 6.03E−01,95% CI = [3.06E−01,9.01E−01]，p = 0.0020)和女性(标准化参数估计= 4.87E−01,95% CI = [5.63E−02,9.18E−01]，p = 0.0291)。在这项研究中，我们评估了关节炎的症状，并估计类风湿关节炎的患病率使用分类标准的西藏高原人已经适应了低氧环境和培养自己的文化。Tsarang居民中类风湿关节炎的高患病率表明，西藏高原人HIF的缺氧适应机制可能促进类风湿关节炎的发病或恶化。藏族高原人类风湿关节炎的高患病率可能与本研究分析的环境因素有关，也可能与缺氧适应基因有关。需要进一步调查以阐明所涉及的遗传因素。
{"title":"High prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis and its risk factors among Tibetan highlanders living in Tsarang, Mustang district of Nepal","authors":"Arima, Hiroaki, Koirala, Sweta, Nema, Kotaro, Nakano, Masayuki, Ito, Hiromu, Poudel, Kapil Madi, Pandey, Kishor, Pandey, Basu Dev, Yamamoto, Taro","doi":"10.1186/s40101-022-00283-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40101-022-00283-3","url":null,"abstract":"In Tsarang (at 3560 m), which is located in Mustang, 62.7% of the residents answered that they had a subjective medical history of arthritis, and 41.1% of the residents answered that their families had a subjective medical history of arthritis on a survey conducted in 2017. The expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) and its effects are deeply involved in hypoxic adaptation in Tibetan highlanders. At the same time, HIF is also related to the onset of rheumatoid arthritis. Therefore, the adaptive mechanism acquired by Tibetan highlanders may promote the development of rheumatoid arthritis. The prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis is estimated to be approximately 0.5–1.0% worldwide. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in Tsarang residents using existing diagnostic criteria and to explore its risk factors. An epidemiological survey was conducted in Tsarang in 2019. Data obtained from anthropometry and questionnaires were statistically analyzed. Biochemical measurements using blood samples were also performed, and the results were used to assess arthritis status. Residents’ joint status was scored, and arthritis was assessed based on the clinical disease activity index and ACR/EULAR 2010 criteria. Twenty-seven males and 50 females participated in this survey. In Tsarang, ACR/EULAR 2010 classified 4.3% of males and 7.1% of females as having rheumatoid arthritis, indicating a very high estimated prevalence. We also performed a multivariate analysis to explore its risk factors, and two factors, older age (standardized parameter estimate = 4.84E−01, 95% CI = [9.19E−02, 8.76E−01], p = 0.0170) and a history of living in urban areas (standardized parameter estimate = − 5.49E−01, 95% CI = [− 9.21E−01, 1.77E−01], p = 0.0050), significantly contributed to the higher ACR/EULAR 2010 score in females. In addition, three factors, having no spouse (standardized parameter estimate = 3.17E−01, 95% CI = [5.74E−02, 5.77E−01], p = 0.0179), having a smoking habit (standardized parameter estimate = 2.88E−01, 95% CI = [1.71E−02, 5.59E−01], p = 0.0377), and a history of living in urban areas (standardized parameter estimate = − 3.69E−01, 95% CI = [− 6.83E−01, − 5.60E−02], p = 0.0219), resulted in significantly higher clinical disease activity index scores in females. Furthermore, smoking habits were found to significantly increase blood hyaluronic acid in both males (standardized parameter estimate = 6.03E−01, 95% CI = [3.06E−01, 9.01E−01], p = 0.0020) and females (standardized parameter estimate = 4.87E−01, 95% CI = [5.63E−02, 9.18E−01], p = 0.0291). In this study, we evaluated the symptoms of arthritis and estimated the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis using classification criteria for Tibetan highlanders who have adapted to the hypoxic environment and fostered their own culture. The high prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis among Tsarang residents suggests that the hypoxic adaptation mechanism involving HIF in Tibetan hig","PeriodicalId":16768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Anthropology","volume":"557 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138504606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-02DOI: 10.1186/s40101-022-00285-1
Kai Joo Lim, J. John, S. Rahim, R. Avoi, M. R. Hassan, M. S. Jeffree, M. Y. Ibrahim, K. Ahmed
{"title":"A 1-year cross-sectional study on the predominance of influenza among hospitalized children in a tropical area, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah","authors":"Kai Joo Lim, J. John, S. Rahim, R. Avoi, M. R. Hassan, M. S. Jeffree, M. Y. Ibrahim, K. Ahmed","doi":"10.1186/s40101-022-00285-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40101-022-00285-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Anthropology","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65832583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-26DOI: 10.1186/s40101-022-00284-2
Kosuke Hirata, N. Iida, A. Kanda, Mikio Shoji, T. Yoshida, Y. Yamada, R. Akagi
{"title":"Association of age-related decrease in intracellular-to-total water ratio with that in explosive strength of the plantar flexors: a cross-sectional study","authors":"Kosuke Hirata, N. Iida, A. Kanda, Mikio Shoji, T. Yoshida, Y. Yamada, R. Akagi","doi":"10.1186/s40101-022-00284-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40101-022-00284-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Anthropology","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65832443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-10DOI: 10.1186/s40101-022-00280-6
E. Ortiz-Prado, Gonzalo Mendieta, Katherine Simbaña-Rivera, Lenin Gómez-Barreno, Samanta Landazuri, Eduardo Vasconez, M. Calvopiña, Ginés Viscor
{"title":"Genotyped indigenous Kiwcha adults at high altitude are lighter and shorter than their low altitude counterparts","authors":"E. Ortiz-Prado, Gonzalo Mendieta, Katherine Simbaña-Rivera, Lenin Gómez-Barreno, Samanta Landazuri, Eduardo Vasconez, M. Calvopiña, Ginés Viscor","doi":"10.1186/s40101-022-00280-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40101-022-00280-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Anthropology","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65832865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-09DOI: 10.1186/s40101-022-00281-5
S. Mizukami, K. Arima, Yasuyo Abe, Yoshihito Tomita, Hiroki Nakashima, Yuzo Honda, Michiko Uchiyama, Tetsuji Ookawachi, Hisashi Goto, Maiko Hasegawa, Y. Sou, M. Kanagae, M. Osaki, K. Aoyagi
{"title":"Association between fat mass by bioelectrical impedance analysis and bone mass by quantitative ultrasound in relation to grip strength and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in postmenopausal Japanese women: the Unzen study","authors":"S. Mizukami, K. Arima, Yasuyo Abe, Yoshihito Tomita, Hiroki Nakashima, Yuzo Honda, Michiko Uchiyama, Tetsuji Ookawachi, Hisashi Goto, Maiko Hasegawa, Y. Sou, M. Kanagae, M. Osaki, K. Aoyagi","doi":"10.1186/s40101-022-00281-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40101-022-00281-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Anthropology","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65832429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-15DOI: 10.1186/s40101-022-00278-0
Yutaka Tochihara
Japanese-style bathing (JSB), which involves soaking in hot water up to the shoulders in deep bathtubs for a long time in the evening to night, is unique. Many experimental and epidemiological studies and surveys have shown that JSB improve sleep quality, especially shortens sleep onset latency in winter. In addition, repeated JSB lead the improvement of depressive symptoms. JSB is a simple and low-cost non-pharmacological measure to sleep difficulty in winter and mental disorders, especially for the elderly. On the contrary, drowning, while soaking in a bathtub, is the most common of accidental death at home in Japan. It is estimated that approximately 19,000 Japanese individuals die annually while taking a bath, mostly during winter, and most victims are elderly people. Elderly Japanese people tend to prefer a higher-risk JSB because the temperature inside the house during winter, especially the dressing room/bathroom temperature, is very low. Since the physiological thermal effect of the elderly associated with bathing is relatively lower among the elderly than the young, the elderly prefer to take a long hot bath. This elderly's favorite style of JSB results in larger increased blood pressure in dressing rooms and larger decreased in blood pressure during hot bathing. A sudden drop in blood pressure while immersed in the bathtub leads to fainting and drowning. Furthermore, elderly people are less sensitive to cold air or hot water, therefore, it is difficult to take appropriate measures to prevent large fluctuations in blood pressure. To ensure a safe and comfortable winter bathing, the dressing room/bathroom temperature needs to be maintained at 20 °C or higher, and several degrees higher would be recommended for the elderly.
{"title":"A review of Japanese-style bathing: its demerits and merits.","authors":"Yutaka Tochihara","doi":"10.1186/s40101-022-00278-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40101-022-00278-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Japanese-style bathing (JSB), which involves soaking in hot water up to the shoulders in deep bathtubs for a long time in the evening to night, is unique. Many experimental and epidemiological studies and surveys have shown that JSB improve sleep quality, especially shortens sleep onset latency in winter. In addition, repeated JSB lead the improvement of depressive symptoms. JSB is a simple and low-cost non-pharmacological measure to sleep difficulty in winter and mental disorders, especially for the elderly. On the contrary, drowning, while soaking in a bathtub, is the most common of accidental death at home in Japan. It is estimated that approximately 19,000 Japanese individuals die annually while taking a bath, mostly during winter, and most victims are elderly people. Elderly Japanese people tend to prefer a higher-risk JSB because the temperature inside the house during winter, especially the dressing room/bathroom temperature, is very low. Since the physiological thermal effect of the elderly associated with bathing is relatively lower among the elderly than the young, the elderly prefer to take a long hot bath. This elderly's favorite style of JSB results in larger increased blood pressure in dressing rooms and larger decreased in blood pressure during hot bathing. A sudden drop in blood pressure while immersed in the bathtub leads to fainting and drowning. Furthermore, elderly people are less sensitive to cold air or hot water, therefore, it is difficult to take appropriate measures to prevent large fluctuations in blood pressure. To ensure a safe and comfortable winter bathing, the dressing room/bathroom temperature needs to be maintained at 20 °C or higher, and several degrees higher would be recommended for the elderly.</p>","PeriodicalId":16768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Anthropology","volume":" ","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8848820/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39926914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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