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Influence of sports experience on distribution of pro-saccade reaction time under gap condition. 运动经验对间隙条件下跳高前反应时分布的影响。
IF 3.1 4区 医学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-26 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-022-00277-1
Kenji Kunita, Katsuo Fujiwara

Background: Previous studies indicated that substantial individual variation exists in the distribution of pro-saccade reaction times under gap condition. To investigate the influence of sports experience on the distribution, we examined distribution of the pro-saccade reaction time under overlap and gap conditions, for the basketball club, table tennis club, and non-sporting control groups.

Methods: Subjects performed pro-saccade tasks under the overlap and gap conditions, in which the intentional and reflexive disengagement of fixation are important, respectively. Under the overlap condition, the central fixation point was illuminated for a random duration of 1-3 s, then the fixation point was turned off. Just after the switch-off of the fixation point, one of the peripheral targets was illuminated for a duration of 1 s. The visual stimulus under the gap condition was almost the same as that under the overlap condition. However, only the temporal gap between the switch-off of the fixation point and the onset of the target differed between those conditions. The gap duration in the gap condition was set at 200 ms. The mean of median value of the bandwidth showing the earliest peak in the histogram was calculated for each group. Thereafter, for each subject, the bandwidth showing the earliest peak under the gap condition was defined as the criterion bandwidth (0 ms bandwidth). Based on this criterion bandwidth, the mean of the relative frequency was calculated for every 10 ms of bandwidth, for the overlap and gap conditions, in each group.

Results: Under the overlap condition, for all subjects, the pro-saccade reaction times showed unimodal distribution. The means of the median value of the bandwidth showing the earliest peak for the basketball and table tennis groups (approximate 170 ms) were significantly earlier than that for the control group (approximate 190 ms). Under the gap condition, the distribution was bimodal for 11 of 15 subjects in the basketball group and for 5 of 15 subjects in the control group. In the table tennis group, the distribution was not bimodal but unimodal for all 15 subjects. For the basketball group, mean of the relative frequency showed bimodal distribution with approximate 120 ms and 170 ms peaks. For the table tennis and control groups, the mean of the relative frequency showed unimodal distribution with approximate 130 ms and 140ms peak, respectively.

Conclusions: The present study indicated that under the gap condition, the sports experience influenced on the distribution of the pro-saccade reaction time. The pro-saccade reaction time under the condition would show a distinct bimodal distribution for the basketball group and show a distinct and early unimodal distribution for the table tennis group. It was suggested that the physiological factor leading the group difference in the distribution was the effect of sports experie

背景:以往的研究表明,在间隙条件下,跳高前反应时间的分布存在较大的个体差异。为了研究运动经验对前扫视反应时间分布的影响,我们考察了篮球俱乐部、乒乓球俱乐部和非运动对照组在重叠和间隙条件下的前扫视反应时间分布。方法:被试在重叠条件和间隙条件下执行前扫视任务,在这两种条件下,注视的故意脱离和反射性脱离分别起着重要作用。在重叠条件下,对中心注视点随机照射1-3 s,然后关闭注视点。就在注视点关闭后,其中一个外围目标被照亮1秒。空白条件下的视觉刺激与重叠条件下的视觉刺激基本相同。然而,在这些条件下,只有注视点关闭和目标开始之间的时间间隔有所不同。间隙条件下的间隙持续时间设定为200 ms。计算各组直方图中出现最早峰值的带宽中位数的平均值。然后,将每个被试在间隙条件下出现最早峰值的带宽定义为标准带宽(0 ms带宽)。基于该标准带宽,计算每10 ms带宽下各组中重叠和间隙条件下的相对频率平均值。结果:在重叠条件下,所有被试的前扫视反应时间均呈单峰分布。篮球组和乒乓球组出现最早峰值的带宽中值均值(约170 ms)明显早于对照组(约190 ms)。空白条件下,篮球组15名受试者中有11名呈双峰分布,对照组15名受试者中有5名呈双峰分布。在乒乓球组,所有15名受试者的分布不是双峰而是单峰。篮球组的相对频率均值呈双峰分布,分别在120 ms和170 ms左右出现峰值。乒乓球组和对照组的相对频率均值呈单峰分布,峰值分别约为130 ms和140ms。结论:在间隙条件下,运动经验影响跳前反应时的分布。在此条件下,篮球组的前扫视反应时间呈现明显的双峰分布,乒乓球组的前扫视反应时间呈现明显的早期单峰分布。结果表明,运动体验对固着脱离功能的影响是导致组间分布差异的生理因素。
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引用次数: 2
Facial and body sexual dimorphism are not interconnected in the Maasai. 在马赛人中,面部和身体的两性二态性并没有相互联系。
IF 3.1 4区 医学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-07 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-021-00276-8
Marina L Butovskaya, Victoria V Rostovtseva, Anna A Mezentseva

Background: In this paper, we investigate facial sexual dimorphism and its' association with body dimorphism in Maasai, the traditional seminomadic population of Tanzania. We discuss findings on other human populations and possible factors affecting the developmental processes in Maasai.

Methods: Full-face anthropological photographs were obtained from 305 Maasai (185 men, 120 women) aged 17-90 years. Facial shape was assessed combining geometric morphometrics and classical facial indices. Body parameters were measured directly using precise anthropological instruments.

Results: Sexual dimorphism in Maasai faces was low, sex explained 1.8% of the total shape variance. However, male faces were relatively narrower and vertically prolonged, with slightly wider noses, narrower-set and lower eyebrows, wider mouths, and higher forehead hairline. The most sexually dimorphic regions of the face were the lower jaw and the nose. Facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR), measured in six known variants, revealed no significant sexual dimorphism. The allometric effects on facial traits were mostly related to the face growth, rather than the growth of the whole body (body height). Significant body dimorphism was demonstrated, men being significantly higher, with larger wrist diameter and hand grip strength, and women having higher BMI, hips circumferences, upper arm circumferences, triceps skinfolds. Facial and body sexual dimorphisms were not associated.

Conclusions: Facial sex differences in Maasai are very low, while on the contrary, the body sexual dimorphism is high. There were practically no associations between facial and body measures. These findings are interpreted in the light of trade-offs between environmental, cultural, and sexual selection pressures.

背景:在本文中,我们研究了坦桑尼亚传统半游牧民族马赛人的面部两性异形及其与身体两性异形的关系。我们讨论了其他人群的发现以及影响马赛人发育过程的可能因素。方法:从305名年龄在17-90岁的马赛人(185名男性,120名女性)身上获得全脸人类学照片。结合几何形态计量学和经典面部指数对面部形状进行评估。使用精确的人类学仪器直接测量身体参数。结果:马赛人脸的两性异形率较低,性别解释了总形状变异的1.8%。然而,男性的脸相对较窄,垂直延长,鼻子略宽,眉毛较窄,嘴巴较宽,前额发际线较高。面部最具两性异形的部位是下颚和鼻子。在六种已知变体中测量的面部宽高比(fWHR)没有显示出显著的两性异形。面部特征的异速生长效应主要与面部生长有关,而不是与全身(身高)的生长有关。发现了显著的身体差异,男性明显更高,手腕直径和握力更大,而女性的BMI、髋关节周长、上臂周长和三头肌皮褶更高。面部和身体的性畸形没有关联。结论:马赛人的面部性别差异很低,而身体性别差异却很高。面部和身体测量之间几乎没有关联。这些发现是根据环境、文化和性选择压力之间的权衡来解释的。
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引用次数: 2
Aging, frailty, and design of built environments. 老化、脆弱和建筑环境的设计。
IF 3.1 4区 医学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-03 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-021-00274-w
Douglas E Crews

Before developing agriculture, herding or metallurgy, humans occupied most of the world. Multiple socioculturally-based responses supported their migration, including building shelters and constructing niches to limit environmental stressors. Sheltered settings provided social support and security during stressful times, along with opportunities for injured, aging, and frail members to survive. Modern built environments are designed for similar purposes, to support human growth, development, reproduction, and maintenance. However, extended survival in modern settings has costs. With age, muscle (sarcopenia) and bone loss (osteopenia, osteoporosis), along with somatic, physiological, and sensory dysfunction, reduce our physical capabilities, increase our frailty, and impede our abilities to interface with built and natural environments and manufactured artifacts. Thereby, increasing our dependence on built environments to maintain autonomy and quality of life.What follows is a conceptual review of how frailty may limit seniors within modern built environments. It suggests age-related frailty among seniors provides specific data for those designing environments for accessibility to all users. It is based in human ecological theory, and physiological and gerontological research showing senescent alterations, including losses of muscle, bone, and sensory perceptions, produce a frail phenotype with increasing age limiting our mobility, activity, use of space, and physical abilities. As an individual phenotype, frailty leads to age-related physical and performance declines. As a physiological assessment, frailty indices amalgamate individual measures of functional abilities into a single score. Such frailty indices increase with age and differ betwixt individuals and across groups. To design built environments that improve access, usability, and safety for aging and frail citizens, today's seniors provide living samples and evidence for determining their future abilities, limitations, and design needs. Designing built environments to accommodate and improve the quality of human-environment interactions for frail seniors will improve usability and accessibility for most user groups.

在发展农业、畜牧业或冶金业之前,人类占据了世界的大部分地区。基于社会文化的多种反应支持了它们的迁移,包括建造庇护所和建造壁龛以限制环境压力。庇护环境在紧张时期提供社会支持和安全,同时为受伤、年老和虚弱的成员提供生存的机会。现代建筑环境也是为了类似的目的而设计的,以支持人类的生长、发展、繁殖和维护。然而,在现代环境中延长生存时间是有代价的。随着年龄的增长,肌肉(肌肉减少)和骨质流失(骨质减少、骨质疏松),以及躯体、生理和感觉功能障碍,降低了我们的身体能力,增加了我们的脆弱性,阻碍了我们与人造环境、自然环境和人工制品相结合的能力。因此,增加了我们对建筑环境的依赖,以保持自主性和生活质量。以下是对脆弱如何在现代建筑环境中限制老年人的概念性回顾。研究表明,老年人中与年龄相关的虚弱为那些为所有用户设计无障碍环境的人提供了具体的数据。它基于人类生态学理论,以及生理学和老年学研究,这些研究表明,随着年龄的增长,包括肌肉、骨骼和感官知觉的损失在内的衰老变化会产生虚弱的表型,限制了我们的行动、活动、空间利用和身体能力。作为一种个体表型,虚弱会导致与年龄相关的身体和表现下降。作为一种生理评估,衰弱指数将个体功能能力的测量合并成一个单一的分数。这些脆弱指数随着年龄的增长而增加,并且在个体和群体之间有所不同。为了设计能够改善老年人和体弱公民的可及性、可用性和安全性的建筑环境,今天的老年人为确定他们未来的能力、局限性和设计需求提供了活生生的样本和证据。为体弱多病的老年人设计适应和改善人与环境交互质量的建筑环境,将改善大多数用户群体的可用性和可达性。
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引用次数: 6
Effects of alternating heat and cold stimulation using a wearable thermo-device on subjective and objective shoulder stiffness. 使用可穿戴热装置进行冷热交替刺激对主观和客观肩部僵硬的影响。
IF 3.1 4区 医学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-03 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-021-00275-9
Tomonori Sawada, Hiroki Okawara, Daisuke Nakashima, Shuhei Iwabuchi, Morio Matsumoto, Masaya Nakamura, Takeo Nagura

Background: Technological innovations have allowed the use of miniature apparatus that can easily control and program heat and cold stimulations using Peltier elements. The wearable thermo-device has a potential to be applied to conventional contrast bath therapy. This study aimed to examine the effects of alternating heat and cold stimulation (HC) using a wearable thermo-device on subjective and objective improvement of shoulder stiffness.

Methods: Twenty healthy young male individuals (20.3 ± 0.6 years) participated in this study. The interventions were randomly conducted under four conditions, including HC, heat stimulation, cold stimulation, and no stimulation on their bilateral trapezius muscle, after a 30-min typing task. Each intervention was administered at least 1 week apart. The analyzed limb was the dominant arm. Muscle hardness was assessed using a portable muscle hardness meter, as well as the skin temperature over the stimulated area. After each condition, the participants were asked for feedback regarding subjective improvement in refreshed feelings, muscle stiffness, and muscle fatigue using an 11-point numerical rating scale.

Results: With regard to muscle hardness, only the HC condition significantly decreased from 1.43 N to 1.37 N (d = 0.44, p < 0.05). Additionally, reduced muscle hardness in HC condition was associated with the degree of skin cooling during the intervention (cold max: r = 0.634, p < 0.01; cold change: r = -0.548, p < 0.05). Subjective improvement in refreshed feelings, muscle stiffness, and muscle fatigue was determined in the HC and heat stimulation conditions compared with the no stimulation condition (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). Moreover, the HC condition showed significantly greater improvements in muscle stiffness and fatigue compared to the cold stimulation condition (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: The current study demonstrated that HC promoted not only better subjective symptoms, such as muscle stiffness and fatigue, but also lesser muscle hardness. Furthermore, an association was observed between the degree of skin temperature cooling and reduced muscle hardness during HC. Further investigations on the ratio and intensity of cooling should be conducted in the future to establish the optimal HC protocol for muscle stiffness or fatigue.

Trial registration: UMIN000040620 . Registered 1 June 2020.

背景:技术创新已经允许使用微型设备,可以很容易地控制和程序热和冷刺激使用珀尔帖元素。该可穿戴热装置具有应用于传统对比浴治疗的潜力。本研究旨在探讨使用可穿戴热装置的冷热交替刺激(HC)对主观和客观改善肩部僵硬的影响。方法:20例健康青年男性(20.3±0.6岁)参加本研究。在完成30分钟的打字任务后,随机进行HC、热刺激、冷刺激和不刺激双侧斜方肌四种情况下的干预。每次干预间隔至少1周。所分析的肢体为优势臂。使用便携式肌肉硬度计评估肌肉硬度,以及受刺激区域的皮肤温度。在每一种情况下,参与者都被要求使用11分的数值评定量表,就精神状态、肌肉僵硬和肌肉疲劳的主观改善提供反馈。结果:在肌肉硬度方面,只有HC状态从1.43 N显著降低到1.37 N (d = 0.44, p < 0.05)。此外,HC状态下肌肉硬度降低与干预期间皮肤冷却程度相关(冷最大值:r = 0.634, p < 0.01;冷变化:r = -0.548, p < 0.05)。与无刺激相比,HC和热刺激组在精神振奋感、肌肉僵硬度和肌肉疲劳方面的主观改善(p < 0.01和p < 0.05)。此外,与冷刺激相比,高温条件下肌肉僵硬和疲劳的改善明显更大(p < 0.05)。结论:目前的研究表明,HC不仅可以改善主观症状,如肌肉僵硬和疲劳,还可以降低肌肉硬度。此外,在HC期间观察到皮肤温度冷却程度与肌肉硬度降低之间的关联。未来应进一步研究冷却的比例和强度,以建立肌肉僵硬或疲劳的最佳HC方案。试验注册:UMIN000040620。2020年6月1日注册。
{"title":"Effects of alternating heat and cold stimulation using a wearable thermo-device on subjective and objective shoulder stiffness.","authors":"Tomonori Sawada,&nbsp;Hiroki Okawara,&nbsp;Daisuke Nakashima,&nbsp;Shuhei Iwabuchi,&nbsp;Morio Matsumoto,&nbsp;Masaya Nakamura,&nbsp;Takeo Nagura","doi":"10.1186/s40101-021-00275-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40101-021-00275-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Technological innovations have allowed the use of miniature apparatus that can easily control and program heat and cold stimulations using Peltier elements. The wearable thermo-device has a potential to be applied to conventional contrast bath therapy. This study aimed to examine the effects of alternating heat and cold stimulation (HC) using a wearable thermo-device on subjective and objective improvement of shoulder stiffness.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty healthy young male individuals (20.3 ± 0.6 years) participated in this study. The interventions were randomly conducted under four conditions, including HC, heat stimulation, cold stimulation, and no stimulation on their bilateral trapezius muscle, after a 30-min typing task. Each intervention was administered at least 1 week apart. The analyzed limb was the dominant arm. Muscle hardness was assessed using a portable muscle hardness meter, as well as the skin temperature over the stimulated area. After each condition, the participants were asked for feedback regarding subjective improvement in refreshed feelings, muscle stiffness, and muscle fatigue using an 11-point numerical rating scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>With regard to muscle hardness, only the HC condition significantly decreased from 1.43 N to 1.37 N (d = 0.44, p < 0.05). Additionally, reduced muscle hardness in HC condition was associated with the degree of skin cooling during the intervention (cold max: r = 0.634, p < 0.01; cold change: r = -0.548, p < 0.05). Subjective improvement in refreshed feelings, muscle stiffness, and muscle fatigue was determined in the HC and heat stimulation conditions compared with the no stimulation condition (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). Moreover, the HC condition showed significantly greater improvements in muscle stiffness and fatigue compared to the cold stimulation condition (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The current study demonstrated that HC promoted not only better subjective symptoms, such as muscle stiffness and fatigue, but also lesser muscle hardness. Furthermore, an association was observed between the degree of skin temperature cooling and reduced muscle hardness during HC. Further investigations on the ratio and intensity of cooling should be conducted in the future to establish the optimal HC protocol for muscle stiffness or fatigue.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>UMIN000040620 . Registered 1 June 2020.</p>","PeriodicalId":16768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Anthropology","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8722412/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39895498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Correction to: Estimating thigh skeletal muscle volume using multi-frequency segmental-bioelectrical impedance analysis. 修正:使用多频率片段-生物电阻抗分析估计大腿骨骼肌体积。
IF 3.1 4区 医学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-12-13 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-021-00270-0
Masashi Taniguchi, Yosuke Yamada, Masahide Yagi, Ryusuke Nakai, Hiroshige Tateuchi, Noriaki Ichihashi
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引用次数: 0
Risk factors of asthma in the Asian population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 亚洲人群哮喘的危险因素:系统回顾和荟萃分析。
IF 3.1 4区 医学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-12-09 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-021-00273-x
Yang Yie Sio, Fook Tim Chew

Background and objective: An increasing trend of asthma prevalence was observed in Asia; however, contributions of environmental and host-related risk factors to the development of this disease remain uncertain. This study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis for asthma-associated risk factors reported in Asia.

Methods: We systematically searched three public databases (Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus) in Feb 2021. We only included articles that reported environmental and host-related risk factors associated with asthma in the Asian population. Random-effect meta-analyses were conducted for frequently reported asthma-associated risk factors to provide an overall risk estimate of asthma development.

Results: Of 4030 records obtained from public databases, 289 articles were selected for review. The most frequently reported asthma-associated risk factor was the family history of allergy-related conditions. The random-effect asthma risk estimates (pooled odds ratio, OR) were 4.66 (95% confidence interval (CI): 3.73-5.82) for the family history of asthma, 3.50 (95% CI: 2.62-4.67) for the family history of atopy, 3.57 (95% CI: 3.03-4.22) for the family history of any allergic diseases, 1.96 (95% CI: 1.47-2.61) for the family history of allergic rhinitis, and 2.75 (95% CI: 1.12-6.76) for the family history of atopic dermatitis. For housing-related factors, including the presence of mold, mold spots, mold odor, cockroach, water damage, and incense burning, the random-effect pooled OR ranged from 1.43 to 1.73. Other risk factors with significant pooled OR for asthma development included male gender (1.30, 95% CI: 1.23-1.38), cigarette smoke exposure (1.44, 95% CI: 1.30-1.60), cigarette smoking (1.66, 95% CI: 1.44-1.90), body mass index (BMI)-related parameters (pooled OR ranged from 1.06 to 2.02), various types of air pollution (NO2, PM10, and O3; pooled OR ranged from 1.03 to 1.22), and pre- and perinatal factors (low birth weight, preterm birth, and cesarean section; pooled OR ranged from 1.14 to 1.32).

Conclusions: The family history of asthma was the most frequently reported risk factor for asthma development in Asia with the highest risk estimate for asthma development. This suggests a major role of the genetic component in asthma pathogenesis. Further study on asthma genetics is required to improve the current understanding of asthma etiology.

背景与目的:亚洲哮喘患病率呈上升趋势;然而,环境和宿主相关风险因素对该病发展的贡献仍不确定。本研究旨在对亚洲报道的哮喘相关危险因素进行系统回顾和荟萃分析。方法:我们于2021年2月系统检索了三个公共数据库(Web of Science、PubMed和Scopus)。我们只纳入了报道与亚洲人群哮喘相关的环境和宿主相关危险因素的文章。对经常报道的哮喘相关危险因素进行随机效应荟萃分析,以提供哮喘发展的总体风险估计。结果:从公共数据库获得的4030篇文献中,筛选出289篇文献进行综述。最常见的哮喘相关危险因素是过敏相关疾病的家族史。哮喘家族史的随机效应哮喘风险估计(合并优势比,OR)为4.66(95%可信区间(CI): 3.73-5.82),特应性家族史为3.50 (95% CI: 2.62-4.67),任何过敏性疾病家族史为3.57 (95% CI: 3.03-4.22),过敏性鼻炎家族史为1.96 (95% CI: 1.47-2.61),特应性皮炎家族史为2.75 (95% CI: 1.12-6.76)。对于房屋相关因素,包括霉菌、霉斑、霉菌气味、蟑螂、水害和烧香,随机效应汇总OR范围为1.43 ~ 1.73。其他对哮喘发展具有显著综合OR的危险因素包括男性(1.30,95% CI: 1.23-1.38)、吸烟(1.44,95% CI: 1.30-1.60)、吸烟(1.66,95% CI: 1.44-1.90)、体重指数(BMI)相关参数(综合OR范围为1.06 - 2.02)、各种类型的空气污染(NO2、PM10和O3;合并OR范围从1.03到1.22),以及产前和围产期因素(低出生体重、早产和剖宫产;合并OR范围为1.14 ~ 1.32)。结论:哮喘家族史是亚洲哮喘发展最常见的危险因素,哮喘发展的风险估计最高。这表明遗传成分在哮喘发病机制中起主要作用。需要进一步研究哮喘遗传学,以提高目前对哮喘病因的认识。
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引用次数: 13
Assessment of autonomic function by long-term heart rate variability: beyond the classical framework of LF and HF measurements. 通过长期心率变异性评估自律神经功能:超越低频和高频测量的经典框架。
IF 3.1 4区 医学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-11-30 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-021-00272-y
Junichiro Hayano, Emi Yuda

In the assessment of autonomic function by heart rate variability (HRV), the framework that the power of high-frequency component or its surrogate indices reflects parasympathetic activity, while the power of low-frequency component or LF/HF reflects sympathetic activity has been used as the theoretical basis for the interpretation of HRV. Although this classical framework has contributed greatly to the widespread use of HRV for the assessment of autonomic function, it was obtained from studies of short-term HRV (typically 5‑10 min) under tightly controlled conditions. If it is applied to long-term HRV (typically 24 h) under free-running conditions in daily life, erroneous conclusions could be drawn. Also, long-term HRV could contain untapped useful information that is not revealed in the classical framework. In this review, we discuss the limitations of the classical framework and present studies that extracted autonomic function indicators and other useful biomedical information from long-term HRV using novel approaches beyond the classical framework. Those methods include non-Gaussianity index, HRV sleep index, heart rate turbulence, and the frequency and amplitude of cyclic variation of heart rate.

在通过心率变异性(HRV)评估自律神经功能时,高频分量的功率或其替代指数反映副交感神经活动,而低频分量的功率或 LF/HF 反映交感神经活动,这一框架一直被用作解释 HRV 的理论基础。尽管这一经典框架极大地促进了心率变异在自律神经功能评估中的广泛应用,但它是在严格控制的条件下通过对短期心率变异(通常为 5-10 分钟)的研究获得的。如果将其应用于日常生活中自由运行条件下的长期心率变异(通常为 24 小时),可能会得出错误的结论。此外,长期心率变异可能包含经典框架未揭示的有用信息。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了经典框架的局限性,并介绍了利用经典框架之外的新方法从长期心率变异中提取自律神经功能指标和其他有用生物医学信息的研究。这些方法包括非高斯指数、心率变异睡眠指数、心率湍流以及心率周期性变化的频率和振幅。
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引用次数: 0
Comparison of low-concentration carbon dioxide-enriched and tap water immersion on body temperature after passive heating. 低浓度二氧化碳富集与自来水浸泡对被动加热后体温的影响比较。
IF 3.1 4区 医学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-11-17 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-021-00271-z
Keiji Hayashi

Background: Because carbon dioxide (CO2)-enriched water causes cutaneous vasodilation, immersion in CO2-enriched water facilitates heat transfer from the body to the water or from the water to the body. Consequently, immersion in CO2-enriched water raises or reduces body temperature faster than immersion in fresh water. However, it takes time to dissolve CO2 in tap water and because the dissolved CO2 concentration decreases over time, the actual CO2 concentration is likely lower than the stated target concentration. However, it is unclear whether water containing a lower CO2 concentration would also cool the body faster than fresh water after body temperature had been increased.

Methods: Ten healthy males (mean age = 20 ± 1 years) participated in the study. Participants were first immersed for 15 min in a tap water bath at 40 °C to raise body temperature. They then moved to a tap water or CO2-enriched water bath at 30 °C to reduce body temperature. The CO2 concentration was set at 500 ppm. The present study measured cooling time and cooling rate (slope of the regression line relating auditory canal temperature (Tac) to cooling time) to assess the cooling effect of CO2-enriched water immersion.

Results: Immersion in 40 °C tap water caused Tac to rise 0.64 ± 0.25 °C in the tap water session and 0.62 ± 0.27 °C in the CO2-enriched water session (P > 0.05). During the 30 °C water immersion, Tac declined to the baseline within 13 ± 6 min in tap water and 10 ± 6 min in CO2-enriched water (P > 0.05). Cooling rates were 0.08 ± 0.06 °C/min in tap water and 0.08 ± 0.04 °C/min in CO2-enriched water (P > 0.05).

Conclusions: CO2-enriched water containing 500 ppm CO2 did not cool faster than tap water immersion. This suggests that when the water temperature is 30 °C, a CO2 concentration of 500 ppm is insufficient to obtain the advantageous cooling effect during water immersion after body temperature has been increased.

背景:因为富含二氧化碳(CO2)的水会引起皮肤血管扩张,浸泡在富含二氧化碳的水中有助于热量从身体传递到水或从水传递到身体。因此,浸泡在富含二氧化碳的水中比浸泡在淡水中更快地提高或降低体温。然而,溶解自来水中的二氧化碳需要时间,而且由于溶解的二氧化碳浓度随着时间的推移而降低,实际的二氧化碳浓度可能低于规定的目标浓度。然而,目前尚不清楚,在体温升高后,二氧化碳浓度较低的水是否也会比淡水更快地冷却身体。方法:健康男性10例,平均年龄20±1岁。参与者首先在40°C的自来水浴池中浸泡15分钟以提高体温。然后,他们被转移到30°C的自来水或富含二氧化碳的水浴中,以降低体温。二氧化碳浓度设定为500ppm。本研究测量了冷却时间和冷却速度(与耳道温度(Tac)与冷却时间相关的回归线斜率),以评估富含二氧化碳的水浸泡的冷却效果。结果:浸泡在40°C自来水中,自来水组Tac升高0.64±0.25°C,富co2水组Tac升高0.62±0.27°C (P > 0.05)。在30°C水浸泡过程中,自来水中Tac在13±6 min内下降至基线,富co2水中Tac在10±6 min内下降至基线(P > 0.05)。自来水冷却速率为0.08±0.06°C/min,富co2水冷却速率为0.08±0.04°C/min (P > 0.05)。结论:二氧化碳浓度为500ppm的水并不比自来水冷却得更快。这表明,当水温为30℃时,500ppm的CO2浓度不足以在体温升高后获得良好的浸泡冷却效果。
{"title":"Comparison of low-concentration carbon dioxide-enriched and tap water immersion on body temperature after passive heating.","authors":"Keiji Hayashi","doi":"10.1186/s40101-021-00271-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40101-021-00271-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Because carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>)-enriched water causes cutaneous vasodilation, immersion in CO<sub>2</sub>-enriched water facilitates heat transfer from the body to the water or from the water to the body. Consequently, immersion in CO<sub>2</sub>-enriched water raises or reduces body temperature faster than immersion in fresh water. However, it takes time to dissolve CO<sub>2</sub> in tap water and because the dissolved CO<sub>2</sub> concentration decreases over time, the actual CO<sub>2</sub> concentration is likely lower than the stated target concentration. However, it is unclear whether water containing a lower CO<sub>2</sub> concentration would also cool the body faster than fresh water after body temperature had been increased.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ten healthy males (mean age = 20 ± 1 years) participated in the study. Participants were first immersed for 15 min in a tap water bath at 40 °C to raise body temperature. They then moved to a tap water or CO<sub>2</sub>-enriched water bath at 30 °C to reduce body temperature. The CO<sub>2</sub> concentration was set at 500 ppm. The present study measured cooling time and cooling rate (slope of the regression line relating auditory canal temperature (T<sub>ac</sub>) to cooling time) to assess the cooling effect of CO<sub>2</sub>-enriched water immersion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Immersion in 40 °C tap water caused T<sub>ac</sub> to rise 0.64 ± 0.25 °C in the tap water session and 0.62 ± 0.27 °C in the CO<sub>2</sub>-enriched water session (P > 0.05). During the 30 °C water immersion, T<sub>ac</sub> declined to the baseline within 13 ± 6 min in tap water and 10 ± 6 min in CO<sub>2</sub>-enriched water (P > 0.05). Cooling rates were 0.08 ± 0.06 °C/min in tap water and 0.08 ± 0.04 °C/min in CO<sub>2</sub>-enriched water (P > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CO<sub>2</sub>-enriched water containing 500 ppm CO<sub>2</sub> did not cool faster than tap water immersion. This suggests that when the water temperature is 30 °C, a CO<sub>2</sub> concentration of 500 ppm is insufficient to obtain the advantageous cooling effect during water immersion after body temperature has been increased.</p>","PeriodicalId":16768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Anthropology","volume":"40 1","pages":"20"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8600816/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39632978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The determinants of survival among adults with cystic fibrosis-a cohort study. 囊性纤维化成人患者生存的决定因素——队列研究。
IF 3.1 4区 医学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-11-08 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-021-00269-7
Magdalena Durda-Masny, Joanna Goździk-Spychalska, Aleksandra John, Wojciech Czaiński, Weronika Stróżewska, Natalia Pawłowska, Jolanta Wlizło, Halina Batura-Gabryel, Anita Szwed

Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common autosomal recessive diseases. Factors contributing to disease exacerbations and survival rate of CF patients are type of mutation in the CFTR gene, poor nutritional status, lung failure, and infection development by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the severity of mutation, nutritional status, lung function, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa prevalence and survival rate in adult patients with cystic fibrosis.

Methods: A study of 124 (68 ♀ and 56 ♂) adults with CF aged 18-51 years were evaluated for (a) type of mutation in the CFTR gene, (b) nutritional status (BMI), (c) lung function (FEV1%), and (d) Pseudomonas aeruginosa prevalence. For statistical calculations, Kaplan-Meier analysis of survival, chi-squared test for multiple samples, and logistic regression were used.

Results: The type of mutation (χ2 = 12.73, df = 3, p = 0.005), FEV1% (χ2 = 15.20, df = 2, p = 0.0005), Pseudomonas aeruginosa prevalence (χ2 = 11.48, df = 3, p = 0.009), and BMI (χ2 = 31.08, df = 4, p < 0.000) significantly differentiated the probability of survival of patients with CF. The shortest life expectancy was observed in patients with a severe type of mutation on both alleles, FEV1% < 40, subjects in whom Pseudomonas culture was extensively drug-resistant or pandrug-resistant, and patients whose BMI was lower than 18.5 kg/m2. The period from 30 to 40 years of age was the most critical in CF adults' lifespan. The risk of adults with CF death doubled with Pseudomonas aeruginosa prevalence (OR = 2.06, 95% CI 1.29; 2.28) and eightfold when the bacteria acquired antibiotic resistance (OR = 8.11, 95% CI 1.67; 38.15).

Conclusions: All factors included in the study were significantly related to the survival rate of patients with cystic fibrosis.

背景:囊性纤维化(CF)是常见的常染色体隐性遗传病之一。CFTR基因突变类型、营养状况不佳、肺功能衰竭、铜绿假单胞菌感染发展是影响CF患者病情加重和生存率的因素。该研究旨在评估成人囊性纤维化患者突变严重程度、营养状况、肺功能与铜绿假单胞菌患病率和生存率之间的关系。方法:对124例18-51岁成年CF患者(68♀和56♂)进行(A) CFTR基因突变类型、(b)营养状况(BMI)、(c)肺功能(FEV1%)和(d)铜绿假单胞菌患病率的评估。统计计算采用Kaplan-Meier生存分析,多样本卡方检验,logistic回归。结果:突变的类型(χ2 = 12.73,df = 3, p = 0.005), FEV1%(χ2 = 15.20,df = 2, p = 0.0005),铜绿假单胞菌流行(χ2 = 11.48,df = 3, p = 0.009),和BMI(χ2 = 31.08,df = 4, p < 0.000)显著分化的概率CF患者的生存。预期寿命最短的观察患者的一种严重的等位基因突变,FEV1% < 40岁的受试者在他假单胞菌广泛耐药或pandrug-resistant文化,BMI低于18.5 kg/m2的患者。30 ~ 40岁是CF患者寿命最关键的时期。随着铜绿假单胞菌的流行,成年CF患者死亡的风险增加了一倍(OR = 2.06, 95% CI 1.29;2.28),获得抗生素耐药性时为8倍(OR = 8.11, 95% CI 1.67;38.15)。结论:本研究纳入的所有因素均与囊性纤维化患者的生存率显著相关。
{"title":"The determinants of survival among adults with cystic fibrosis-a cohort study.","authors":"Magdalena Durda-Masny,&nbsp;Joanna Goździk-Spychalska,&nbsp;Aleksandra John,&nbsp;Wojciech Czaiński,&nbsp;Weronika Stróżewska,&nbsp;Natalia Pawłowska,&nbsp;Jolanta Wlizło,&nbsp;Halina Batura-Gabryel,&nbsp;Anita Szwed","doi":"10.1186/s40101-021-00269-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40101-021-00269-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common autosomal recessive diseases. Factors contributing to disease exacerbations and survival rate of CF patients are type of mutation in the CFTR gene, poor nutritional status, lung failure, and infection development by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the severity of mutation, nutritional status, lung function, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa prevalence and survival rate in adult patients with cystic fibrosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A study of 124 (68 ♀ and 56 ♂) adults with CF aged 18-51 years were evaluated for (a) type of mutation in the CFTR gene, (b) nutritional status (BMI), (c) lung function (FEV<sub>1</sub>%), and (d) Pseudomonas aeruginosa prevalence. For statistical calculations, Kaplan-Meier analysis of survival, chi-squared test for multiple samples, and logistic regression were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The type of mutation (χ<sup>2</sup> = 12.73, df = 3, p = 0.005), FEV<sub>1</sub>% (χ<sup>2</sup> = 15.20, df = 2, p = 0.0005), Pseudomonas aeruginosa prevalence (χ<sup>2</sup> = 11.48, df = 3, p = 0.009), and BMI (χ<sup>2</sup> = 31.08, df = 4, p < 0.000) significantly differentiated the probability of survival of patients with CF. The shortest life expectancy was observed in patients with a severe type of mutation on both alleles, FEV<sub>1</sub>% < 40, subjects in whom Pseudomonas culture was extensively drug-resistant or pandrug-resistant, and patients whose BMI was lower than 18.5 kg/m<sup>2</sup>. The period from 30 to 40 years of age was the most critical in CF adults' lifespan. The risk of adults with CF death doubled with Pseudomonas aeruginosa prevalence (OR = 2.06, 95% CI 1.29; 2.28) and eightfold when the bacteria acquired antibiotic resistance (OR = 8.11, 95% CI 1.67; 38.15).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>All factors included in the study were significantly related to the survival rate of patients with cystic fibrosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":16768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Anthropology","volume":"40 1","pages":"19"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8573904/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39854970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 15
Associations between locomotive and non-locomotive physical activity and physical performance in older community-dwelling females with and without locomotive syndrome: a cross-sectional study. 有和没有机车综合征的老年社区女性的机车和非机车体力活动与体力表现之间的关系:一项横断面研究。
IF 3.1 4区 医学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-11-04 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-021-00268-8
Tomohiro Nishimura, Atsushi Hagio, Kanako Hamaguchi, Toshiyuki Kurihara, Motoyuki Iemitsu, Kiyoshi Sanada

Background: Locomotive syndrome (LS) is a condition of reduced mobility due to a disorder of the locomotive system. Increasing moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) has been recommended to prevent LS. However, to increase daily MVPA is difficult for older people with LS. The MVPA consists of not only locomotive activities such as walking but also non-locomotive activities such as household activities. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between locomotive/non-locomotive MVPA and physical performance in older females with and without LS.

Methods: Participants of this cross-sectional study were 143 older community-dwelling Japanese females. The participants were divided into two groups based on the results of the stand-up test: the normal group (NL) (n = 86) and the LS group (n = 57). Both the locomotive and non-locomotive PA seperately measured with its intensity. The intensity of physical activity (PA) was calculated as METs and classified as sedentary behavior (SB 1-1.5 metabolic equivalent tasks (METs)), low-intensity physical activity (LPA 1.6-2.9 METs), and MVPA (≥ 3 METs). For example, locomotive LPA is slow walking speed of 54 m/min, and locomotive MVPA is walking speed of 67 m/min. While non-locomotive LPA is office work and cooking, non-locomotive MVPA is housecleaning. Physical function was evaluated by handgrip strength, walking speed, and 2-step test.

Results: Walking speed, hand-grip strength, 2-step test, daily step counts, and all PA measurements were not significantly different between two groups. In the LS, locomotive MVPA (r = 0.293, p < 0.05) and total MVPA (r = 0.299, p < 0.05) was significantly correlated with walking speed, but not in the NL.

Conclusions: Walking speed was positively correlated with locomotive MVPA and total MVPA in the LS group, but not in NL group. This result suggests that slow walking speed in older people with LS occur in connection with lower locomotive MVPA and total MVPA.

背景:机车综合症(LS)是一种由于机车系统紊乱而导致的行动能力降低的状况。建议增加中度到剧烈的身体活动(MVPA)来预防LS。然而,对于老年LS患者来说,增加每日MVPA是很困难的。MVPA不仅包括步行等机车活动,还包括非机车活动,如家务活动。本研究的目的是研究机车性/非机车性MVPA与患有和不患有LS的老年女性身体表现之间的关系。方法:这项横断面研究的参与者是143名居住在日本社区的老年女性。根据站立测试的结果将参与者分为两组:正常组(NL) (n = 86)和LS组(n = 57)。机车PA和非机车PA分别测量其强度。体力活动强度(PA)以代谢当量(METs)计算,并分为久坐行为(SB 1-1.5代谢当量任务(METs))、低强度体力活动(LPA 1.6-2.9 METs)和MVPA(≥3 METs)。例如机车LPA为慢行速度54 m/min,机车MVPA为慢行速度67 m/min。非机车LPA是办公室工作和烹饪,非机车MVPA是房屋清洁。通过握力、步行速度和两步测试评估身体功能。结果:两组间行走速度、握力、两步测试、每日步数及所有PA测量均无显著差异。慢行区机车MVPA (r = 0.293, p < 0.05)和总MVPA (r = 0.299, p < 0.05)与步行速度显著相关,慢行区无显著相关。结论:步行速度与慢行组机车MVPA和总MVPA呈正相关,而慢行组无显著正相关。提示老年LS患者行走速度慢与下机车MVPA和总MVPA有关。
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引用次数: 3
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Journal of Physiological Anthropology
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