Adults living with intellectual disability experience higher rates of preventable adverse medication events across the medicine pathway compared to their peers without disability.
Source of information
The Medication Safety Standard, developed by the Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care, describes systems and strategies to ensure that clinicians and health organisations safely prescribe, dispense, administer appropriate medications to informed patients, and monitor their use.
Key findings
Optimal application of the Medication Safety Standard for this population requires the development of reasonable adjustments to its action which take into account the barriers to safe medication management experienced by them in hospital settings. Design of such reasonable adjustments is influenced by consideration of the experiences of medicine management within with people living with intellectual disability, with intellectual disability, the roles of disability supports, and the disability-health sector interface in relation to medication management.
Conclusion
This review describes the formulation of a range of practice point reasonable adjustments to the usual clinical processes, content, knowledge, and organisation required in application of the Medication Safety Standard for adult patients living with intellectual disability.
{"title":"Reasonable adjustments to application of the Medication Safety Standard for adult patients living with intellectual disability in Australian hospital settings","authors":"Robyn Anne Wallace BSc(Hons), DipEd, MSc, MBBS, FRACP, CF, PhD, FAFRM, GDipNeurosci, ClinDipPallCare, MDisPrac, GChPom, GCertHealthMment","doi":"10.1002/jppr.1889","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jppr.1889","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose of review</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adults living with intellectual disability experience higher rates of preventable adverse medication events across the medicine pathway compared to their peers without disability.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Source of information</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Medication Safety Standard, developed by the Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care, describes systems and strategies to ensure that clinicians and health organisations safely prescribe, dispense, administer appropriate medications to informed patients, and monitor their use.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Key findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Optimal application of the Medication Safety Standard for this population requires the development of reasonable adjustments to its action which take into account the barriers to safe medication management experienced by them in hospital settings. Design of such reasonable adjustments is influenced by consideration of the experiences of medicine management within with people living with intellectual disability, with intellectual disability, the roles of disability supports, and the disability-health sector interface in relation to medication management.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This review describes the formulation of a range of practice point reasonable adjustments to the usual clinical processes, content, knowledge, and organisation required in application of the Medication Safety Standard for adult patients living with intellectual disability.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research","volume":"54 2","pages":"110-124"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jppr.1889","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140228778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chih Yuan Wang BPharm, MClinPharm, Alexandra Clavarino BA(Hons), BSocWk, PhD, Karen Luetsch BPharm, GradCertClinEd, PhD
Background
The Australian Foundation Residency Program prepares new-to-hospital and early career pharmacists for extended roles and advanced pharmacy practice. An understanding of the outcomes residents perceive they achieve through completion of a residency and what supports them in their achievements is limited.
Aim
To explore pharmacists' experiences during their residency and what they perceive as its outcomes and their achievements.
Method
Focus groups and interviews were conducted and recorded with 12 early career or new-to-hospital pharmacists who recently completed a residency program in an Australian hospital. Recordings were transcribed and analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Ethical approval was granted by the University of Queensland Human Research Ethics Committee (Reference no: 2021/HE001225) and the study conforms to the Australian Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research. Informed consent was obtained from all participants via the distribution of project information sheets and completion of written consent forms.
Results
Five distinct themes were generated from participants' discussions of their experiences and achievements throughout their residency. The outcomes and achievements they described included gaining the confidence to take on new and challenging roles as well as advancing their career by developing a deeper understanding of their role and potential in the healthcare system. Skill development was accelerated by the structure and assessment requirements of the residency program and by support from mentors, which positively influenced their attitudes towards feedback and competency assessments. Participants reflected on the differences between postgraduate university-based learning and workplace-based learning and saw benefits in both.
Conclusion
The residency was reported to offer a structured and supportive training pathway for pharmacists in the early stages of their hospital pharmacy career. Completion of residency facilitates pharmacists' skill development and a deeper understanding of their roles. Dedicated and qualified mentorship and routine networking events between peers and past residents enhance these experiences and outcomes for residents.
{"title":"Opportunities and achievements — experiences of pharmacists as Foundation Residency Program residents — a qualitative study","authors":"Chih Yuan Wang BPharm, MClinPharm, Alexandra Clavarino BA(Hons), BSocWk, PhD, Karen Luetsch BPharm, GradCertClinEd, PhD","doi":"10.1002/jppr.1903","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jppr.1903","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Australian Foundation Residency Program prepares new-to-hospital and early career pharmacists for extended roles and advanced pharmacy practice. An understanding of the outcomes residents perceive they achieve through completion of a residency and what supports them in their achievements is limited.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To explore pharmacists' experiences during their residency and what they perceive as its outcomes and their achievements.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Focus groups and interviews were conducted and recorded with 12 early career or new-to-hospital pharmacists who recently completed a residency program in an Australian hospital. Recordings were transcribed and analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Ethical approval was granted by the University of Queensland Human Research Ethics Committee (Reference no: 2021/HE001225) and the study conforms to the <i>Australian Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research</i>. Informed consent was obtained from all participants via the distribution of project information sheets and completion of written consent forms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Five distinct themes were generated from participants' discussions of their experiences and achievements throughout their residency. The outcomes and achievements they described included gaining the confidence to take on new and challenging roles as well as advancing their career by developing a deeper understanding of their role and potential in the healthcare system. Skill development was accelerated by the structure and assessment requirements of the residency program and by support from mentors, which positively influenced their attitudes towards feedback and competency assessments. Participants reflected on the differences between postgraduate university-based learning and workplace-based learning and saw benefits in both.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The residency was reported to offer a structured and supportive training pathway for pharmacists in the early stages of their hospital pharmacy career. Completion of residency facilitates pharmacists' skill development and a deeper understanding of their roles. Dedicated and qualified mentorship and routine networking events between peers and past residents enhance these experiences and outcomes for residents.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research","volume":"54 2","pages":"170-178"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jppr.1903","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140251457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ross Wagner PharmD, BCPS, Ruchira Mahashabde MS, Jacob Painter PharmD, MBA, PhD, Kaci Boehmer PharmD, BCACP
Background
Metformin is used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus, but prolonged use has been associated with vitamin B12 deficiency. Many other factors have also been associated with vitamin B12 deficiency. Studies on the possible additive effect of risk factors for developing a vitamin B12 deficiency are lacking.
Aim
The objective of this study was to assess the correlation between other known risk factors for vitamin B12 deficiency among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus prescribed metformin who had a vitamin B12 deficiency.
Method
For inclusion in this single-centre, retrospective cohort study, patients needed to be at least 18 years old, diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, taking metformin for at least 2 years and actively taking metformin during the study period. The primary outcome was the rate of low B12 levels with metformin. Secondary outcomes were risk factors associated with B12 deficiency. The patient and clinical characteristics were compared between the two study groups using Student's t-test for continuous variables and chi-squared tests for categorical variables. This project was exempt due to the local policy requirements that constitute research by the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Institutional Review Board (IRB) (IRB Program Manager, 11 August 2021). The justification for this ethics exemption was as follows: the project was determined to be of minimal risk to privacy of subjects because the research team had mechanisms to protect the personal health identifiers from improper use or disclosure; to destroy the identifiers at the earliest opportunity consistent with the conduct of research, and provided assurance that the identifiers will not be re-used or disclosed to any other person or entity, except as required by law, for authorised oversight of the research project, or for other research as permitted by the HIPAA regulations.
Results
A total of 387 patients were included in this study, from which 364 patients had a vitamin B12 deficiency. The cohort was an average 69-years-old and predominantly female (66%). No risk factors were associated with a higher incidence of B12 deficiency. Patient age (p = 0.0063) and time on metformin (p = 0.0144) were significantly and negatively correlated with B12 deficiency.
{"title":"Factors associated with an increased risk of vitamin B12 deficiency in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on metformin","authors":"Ross Wagner PharmD, BCPS, Ruchira Mahashabde MS, Jacob Painter PharmD, MBA, PhD, Kaci Boehmer PharmD, BCACP","doi":"10.1002/jppr.1913","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jppr.1913","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Metformin is used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus, but prolonged use has been associated with vitamin B<sub>12</sub> deficiency. Many other factors have also been associated with vitamin B<sub>12</sub> deficiency. Studies on the possible additive effect of risk factors for developing a vitamin B<sub>12</sub> deficiency are lacking.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The objective of this study was to assess the correlation between other known risk factors for vitamin B<sub>12</sub> deficiency among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus prescribed metformin who had a vitamin B<sub>12</sub> deficiency.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>For inclusion in this single-centre, retrospective cohort study, patients needed to be at least 18 years old, diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, taking metformin for at least 2 years and actively taking metformin during the study period. The primary outcome was the rate of low B<sub>12</sub> levels with metformin. Secondary outcomes were risk factors associated with B<sub>12</sub> deficiency. The patient and clinical characteristics were compared between the two study groups using Student's t-test for continuous variables and chi-squared tests for categorical variables. This project was exempt due to the local policy requirements that constitute research by the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Institutional Review Board (IRB) (IRB Program Manager, 11 August 2021). The justification for this ethics exemption was as follows: the project was determined to be of minimal risk to privacy of subjects because the research team had mechanisms to protect the personal health identifiers from improper use or disclosure; to destroy the identifiers at the earliest opportunity consistent with the conduct of research, and provided assurance that the identifiers will not be re-used or disclosed to any other person or entity, except as required by law, for authorised oversight of the research project, or for other research as permitted by the HIPAA regulations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 387 patients were included in this study, from which 364 patients had a vitamin B<sub>12</sub> deficiency. The cohort was an average 69-years-old and predominantly female (66%). No risk factors were associated with a higher incidence of B<sub>12</sub> deficiency. Patient age (p = 0.0063) and time on metformin (p = 0.0144) were significantly and negatively correlated with B12 deficiency.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Younger age and shorter ","PeriodicalId":16795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research","volume":"54 3","pages":"236-241"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140264236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Norkasihan Ibrahim PhD, Muhammad Firdaus Afandi BPharm, Karmila Abu Bakar MD, Caroline Eng MD, Shamala Balan PhD, Mohd Shahezwan Abd Wahab PhD, Janattul-Ain Jamal PhD
Background
The safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccinations are crucial factors that parents consider when deciding whether to vaccinate their children.
Aim
This study aimed to investigate parents' understanding of COVID-19 vaccines and its association with the degree of willingness to vaccinate their young children.
Method
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among the public with children younger than 12 years old. Information on parents' demography, understanding of COVID-19 vaccines and their willingness to get their children vaccinated were collected. The association between the level of understanding and willingness was tested using the One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. Predictors of good understanding and high willingness were investigated using multiple linear regression. Ethics approval was granted by the Research Ethics Committee of Universiti Teknologi MARA (Reference no: REC [PH]/012/2022) and the study conforms with the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was obtained from all participants. A web-based survey link was distributed through social media platforms. The initial section of the survey included a project information sheet including the purpose of the study, length of questionnaire, identity of researchers and measures taken to ensure data confidentiality and anonymity of participants. Participants provided their consent electronically prior to being granted access to the questionnaire.
Results
Of the 386 respondents, 53.4% had a good understanding, and 74.6% had a high willingness. Only 42.5% agreed that the vaccines are effective in protecting children from getting COVID-19, 79.5% and 73.3% misunderstood the severity and tendency to experience the side effects, respectively. A better understanding was associated with a higher willingness to vaccinate ([F(4381) = 54.417, p = 0.000). A higher understanding was significantly associated with higher educational status (postgraduate [β = 0.297, p = 0.028] and bachelor [β = 0.275, p = 0.034], work in a health-related field [β = 0.300, p < 0.001]) and have received a COVID-19 booster (β = 0.347, p < 0.001). A high willingness was prevalent among parents working in a health-related field, had received a COVID-19 booster and had medical condition. Low willingness was observed among parents aged above 30 years old and those who have used herbal medicines.
{"title":"Willingness and understanding of the safety and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in young children: a cross-sectional study among parents in Malaysia","authors":"Norkasihan Ibrahim PhD, Muhammad Firdaus Afandi BPharm, Karmila Abu Bakar MD, Caroline Eng MD, Shamala Balan PhD, Mohd Shahezwan Abd Wahab PhD, Janattul-Ain Jamal PhD","doi":"10.1002/jppr.1901","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jppr.1901","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccinations are crucial factors that parents consider when deciding whether to vaccinate their children.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to investigate parents' understanding of COVID-19 vaccines and its association with the degree of willingness to vaccinate their young children.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A cross-sectional survey was conducted among the public with children younger than 12 years old. Information on parents' demography, understanding of COVID-19 vaccines and their willingness to get their children vaccinated were collected. The association between the level of understanding and willingness was tested using the One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. Predictors of good understanding and high willingness were investigated using multiple linear regression. Ethics approval was granted by the Research Ethics Committee of Universiti Teknologi MARA (Reference no: REC [PH]/012/2022) and the study conforms with the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was obtained from all participants. A web-based survey link was distributed through social media platforms. The initial section of the survey included a project information sheet including the purpose of the study, length of questionnaire, identity of researchers and measures taken to ensure data confidentiality and anonymity of participants. Participants provided their consent electronically prior to being granted access to the questionnaire.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of the 386 respondents, 53.4% had a good understanding, and 74.6% had a high willingness. Only 42.5% agreed that the vaccines are effective in protecting children from getting COVID-19, 79.5% and 73.3% misunderstood the severity and tendency to experience the side effects, respectively. A better understanding was associated with a higher willingness to vaccinate ([<i>F</i>(4381) = 54.417, p = 0.000). A higher understanding was significantly associated with higher educational status (postgraduate [<i>β</i> = 0.297, p = 0.028] and bachelor [<i>β</i> = 0.275, p = 0.034], work in a health-related field [<i>β</i> = 0.300, p < 0.001]) and have received a COVID-19 booster (<i>β</i> = 0.347, p < 0.001). A high willingness was prevalent among parents working in a health-related field, had received a COVID-19 booster and had medical condition. Low willingness was observed among parents aged above 30 years old and those who have used herbal medicines.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":16795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research","volume":"54 2","pages":"158-169"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139778686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<div> <section> <h3> Background</h3> <p>People living with schizophrenia frequently exhibit poor medication adherence because of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) or lack of disease awareness. This prospective randomised controlled trial investigated the benefits of pharmaceutical care delivered by hospital pharmacists for improving pharmacotherapy-related quality of life and medication adherence among this patient group.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Aim</h3> <p>The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of pharmaceutical care interventions in enhancing medication adherence and improving the quality of life of people living with schizophrenia.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Method</h3> <p>Data were collected during inpatient and subsequent outpatient treatment from 6 January–8 June 2021. Participants were divided into two groups via block randomisation: a control group receiving standard treatment; and an intervention group receiving pharmaceutical care combined with standard treatment. The pharmaceutical care comprised medication review, monitoring of drug-related problems (including ADRs), adjustment of the dose of antipsychotic medicines in collaboration with psychiatrists, and counselling of participants and caregivers about disease management before discharge. Pharmacotherapy-related quality of life was assessed using the short version of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measure of Pharmaceutical Therapy for Quality of Life (PROMPT-QoL), whereas medication adherence was evaluated using the Medication Taking Behaviour in Thai Patients (MTB-Thai). The primary outcomes were the average change in the PROMPT-QoL score from inpatient to outpatient care and the average outpatient MTB-Thai score. Ethical approval was granted by the Srithanya Hospital Office of the Ethics Commission for Human Research (Reference no: STY.COA008/2564) and the study conforms to the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was obtained from all patient and caregiver participants via a project information sheet and the completion of a written consent form.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>At the end of the study, compared with the control group, the intervention group exhibited a significantly lower ADR prevalence (57.90% vs 79.70%, p < 0.05) and a greater change in the mean PROMPT-QoL scores pertaining to ‘obtaining information of medicines and diseases’, ‘impact of medicine side effects’, ‘ease of use of medicines’, and ‘therapeutic relationship’. In addition, the intervention group achieved a significantly higher mean of medicine adherence score than the control group (22.81 ± 1.61 vs 16.85 ± 3.00, p < 0.001).</p>
{"title":"Effectiveness of pharmaceutical care for improving medication-related quality of life and adherence to treatment among people living with schizophrenia: a randomised controlled trial","authors":"Tatta Sriboonruang PhD, Wasanan Phonphairin MSc (Pharm), Siripan Phattanarudee PhD, Sirichai Chusiri PharmD, BCP","doi":"10.1002/jppr.1909","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jppr.1909","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>People living with schizophrenia frequently exhibit poor medication adherence because of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) or lack of disease awareness. This prospective randomised controlled trial investigated the benefits of pharmaceutical care delivered by hospital pharmacists for improving pharmacotherapy-related quality of life and medication adherence among this patient group.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of pharmaceutical care interventions in enhancing medication adherence and improving the quality of life of people living with schizophrenia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data were collected during inpatient and subsequent outpatient treatment from 6 January–8 June 2021. Participants were divided into two groups via block randomisation: a control group receiving standard treatment; and an intervention group receiving pharmaceutical care combined with standard treatment. The pharmaceutical care comprised medication review, monitoring of drug-related problems (including ADRs), adjustment of the dose of antipsychotic medicines in collaboration with psychiatrists, and counselling of participants and caregivers about disease management before discharge. Pharmacotherapy-related quality of life was assessed using the short version of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measure of Pharmaceutical Therapy for Quality of Life (PROMPT-QoL), whereas medication adherence was evaluated using the Medication Taking Behaviour in Thai Patients (MTB-Thai). The primary outcomes were the average change in the PROMPT-QoL score from inpatient to outpatient care and the average outpatient MTB-Thai score. Ethical approval was granted by the Srithanya Hospital Office of the Ethics Commission for Human Research (Reference no: STY.COA008/2564) and the study conforms to the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was obtained from all patient and caregiver participants via a project information sheet and the completion of a written consent form.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>At the end of the study, compared with the control group, the intervention group exhibited a significantly lower ADR prevalence (57.90% vs 79.70%, p < 0.05) and a greater change in the mean PROMPT-QoL scores pertaining to ‘obtaining information of medicines and diseases’, ‘impact of medicine side effects’, ‘ease of use of medicines’, and ‘therapeutic relationship’. In addition, the intervention group achieved a significantly higher mean of medicine adherence score than the control group (22.81 ± 1.61 vs 16.85 ± 3.00, p < 0.001).</p>\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":16795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research","volume":"54 3","pages":"217-227"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139840191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sara Yeganeh BPharm, AAHIVP, Arron Sparkes BPharm(Hons), AAHIVP
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is now considered a manageable chronic condition. With the tolerable and highly active antiretroviral therapies that are available today, people diagnosed with HIV can experience longevity and good health-related quality of life. As a result, the number of older people living with HIV, including in aged care, is increasing. There are, however, challenges and barriers to successful ageing for people living with HIV. These include persistent chronic inflammation and immune dysfunction, earlier occurrence of complex comorbidities, and additional exacerbators such as polypharmacy. To mitigate these factors, clinicians should implement evidenced-based interventions and adopt a multidisciplinary and collaborative approach to management so that people living with HIV have the best chance of ageing well.
{"title":"Ageing well with human immunodeficiency virus","authors":"Sara Yeganeh BPharm, AAHIVP, Arron Sparkes BPharm(Hons), AAHIVP","doi":"10.1002/jppr.1894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jppr.1894","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is now considered a manageable chronic condition. With the tolerable and highly active antiretroviral therapies that are available today, people diagnosed with HIV can experience longevity and good health-related quality of life. As a result, the number of older people living with HIV, including in aged care, is increasing. There are, however, challenges and barriers to successful ageing for people living with HIV. These include persistent chronic inflammation and immune dysfunction, earlier occurrence of complex comorbidities, and additional exacerbators such as polypharmacy. To mitigate these factors, clinicians should implement evidenced-based interventions and adopt a multidisciplinary and collaborative approach to management so that people living with HIV have the best chance of ageing well.</p>","PeriodicalId":16795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research","volume":"53 6","pages":"337-349"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jppr.1894","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143252556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is increasing evidence to support reducing antibiotic duration of therapy (DoT). The Therapeutic Guidelines: Antibiotic (version 16 [TG]) have been updated accordingly. However, these recommendations are not consistently followed.
Aim
The project aimed to reduce antibiotic DoT for common infections using antimicrobial lanyard cards and education.
Method
A retrospective pre- and post-implementation audit was undertaken to examine whether antimicrobial stewardship education and lanyard cards defined DoT per infection and severity in accordance with the TG improved antibiotic DoT for common respiratory, urinary, abdominal, and skin infections. Cards were distributed to doctors and pharmacists, with education delivered by an antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) pharmacist. This project was exempt due to the local policy requirements that constitute research by the Darling Downs Hospital and Health Service Human Research Ethics Committee (Reference no: EX/2022/QTDD/86644). The justification for this ethics exemption was as follows: the study conformed with the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Ethical considerations in quality assurance and evaluation activities; education was incorporated as part of routine, scheduled sessions ran at Toowoomba hospital and staff were provided with information on the project as part of the education; consent was not required from staff to attend the education nor for using the lanyard cards; the research did not include any assessment of the education program, use of lanyard cards, or involvement of staff.
Results
For all patients an improvement was found in the percentage of antibiotics prescribed per the TG (55–72%, p = 0.0095). This included statistically significant differences for respiratory (42–89%, p = 0.0002), but not for urinary (87–91%, p = 0.99), skin (58–77%, p = 0.3039), or abdominal infections (48–44%, p = 0.6990). The mean total excess treatment days decreased across all infections from 1.86 to 0.95 days (p = 0.0036, 95% confidence interval = −1.52 to −0.30).
Conclusion
The introduction of antibiotic DoT cards, with AMS education, can improve antimicrobial prescribing in line with the TG in a regional hospital.
{"title":"Improving the antibiotic duration of therapy with the implementation of antimicrobial lanyard cards and education in a regional hospital","authors":"Lisa Ball MPharm (Hons), Tyrone Fowler BPharm, Kathryn Daveson MBBS, FRACP","doi":"10.1002/jppr.1902","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jppr.1902","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There is increasing evidence to support reducing antibiotic duration of therapy (DoT). The Therapeutic Guidelines: Antibiotic (version 16 [TG]) have been updated accordingly. However, these recommendations are not consistently followed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The project aimed to reduce antibiotic DoT for common infections using antimicrobial lanyard cards and education.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A retrospective pre- and post-implementation audit was undertaken to examine whether antimicrobial stewardship education and lanyard cards defined DoT per infection and severity in accordance with the TG improved antibiotic DoT for common respiratory, urinary, abdominal, and skin infections. Cards were distributed to doctors and pharmacists, with education delivered by an antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) pharmacist. This project was exempt due to the local policy requirements that constitute research by the Darling Downs Hospital and Health Service Human Research Ethics Committee (Reference no: EX/2022/QTDD/86644). The justification for this ethics exemption was as follows: the study conformed with the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) <i>Ethical considerations in quality assurance and evaluation activities</i>; education was incorporated as part of routine, scheduled sessions ran at Toowoomba hospital and staff were provided with information on the project as part of the education; consent was not required from staff to attend the education nor for using the lanyard cards; the research did not include any assessment of the education program, use of lanyard cards, or involvement of staff.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>For all patients an improvement was found in the percentage of antibiotics prescribed per the TG (55–72%, p = 0.0095). This included statistically significant differences for respiratory (42–89%, p = 0.0002), but not for urinary (87–91%, p = 0.99), skin (58–77%, p = 0.3039), or abdominal infections (48–44%, p = 0.6990). The mean total excess treatment days decreased across all infections from 1.86 to 0.95 days (p = 0.0036, 95% confidence interval = −1.52 to −0.30).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The introduction of antibiotic DoT cards, with AMS education, can improve antimicrobial prescribing in line with the TG in a regional hospital.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research","volume":"54 2","pages":"151-157"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139844250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wejdan Shahin PhD, Sandra Jnoub BPharm, Ghufran Al Khaqane BPharm, Evet Matti BPharm, M. Kay Dunkley BPharm, Thilini Thrimawithana PhD
Background
The expanding scope of practice for pharmacists in Australia now includes the provision of vaccination services. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the perceptions of pharmacists regarding vaccination services and the impact of providing this service on their job satisfaction and well-being.
Aim
This study aims to evaluate the job satisfaction and well-being of pharmacists in Australia regarding the provision of vaccination services. Additionally, it aims to determine the barriers to administering vaccines by pharmacists.
Method
A mixed-methods study was conducted among pharmacists in Australia. An anonymous survey was distributed to pharmacies via email and advertised on social media sites. Ethics approval was granted by the RMIT Research Ethics Committee (Reference no: 24747) and the study conforms to the Australian National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research. Informed consent was obtained for all participants via a project information sheet and voluntary completion of an anonymous survey.
Results
The study found that community pharmacists experienced moderate job satisfaction levels, with mean job satisfaction and well-being scores of 17.6 (±6.2) and 17.0 (±6.50) respectively. A correlation was identified between job satisfaction and well-being, indicating that lower job satisfaction corresponded to lower well-being. Factors such as years of experience (p = 0.001), work-related stress (p = 0.001), willingness to vaccinate (p = 0.001), workload (p = 0.001) and lack of support and reimbursement for vaccinating pharmacists influenced job satisfaction and well-being levels.
Conclusion
The study highlights the median to minimal job satisfaction levels among pharmacists in Australia and the correlation between pharmacists' willingness to administer vaccines and their job satisfaction and well-being. Additionally, the study underscores the need for additional support and reimbursement for vaccinating pharmacists. To enhance the pharmacy profession's role in the healthcare system, new strategies are required to support pharmacists in providing vaccination services.
{"title":"Provision of vaccination service in a community pharmacy: impact on pharmacists' job satisfaction and well-being","authors":"Wejdan Shahin PhD, Sandra Jnoub BPharm, Ghufran Al Khaqane BPharm, Evet Matti BPharm, M. Kay Dunkley BPharm, Thilini Thrimawithana PhD","doi":"10.1002/jppr.1895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jppr.1895","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The expanding scope of practice for pharmacists in Australia now includes the provision of vaccination services. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the perceptions of pharmacists regarding vaccination services and the impact of providing this service on their job satisfaction and well-being.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aims to evaluate the job satisfaction and well-being of pharmacists in Australia regarding the provision of vaccination services. Additionally, it aims to determine the barriers to administering vaccines by pharmacists.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A mixed-methods study was conducted among pharmacists in Australia. An anonymous survey was distributed to pharmacies via email and advertised on social media sites. Ethics approval was granted by the RMIT Research Ethics Committee (Reference no: 24747) and the study conforms to the <i>Australian National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research</i>. Informed consent was obtained for all participants via a project information sheet and voluntary completion of an anonymous survey.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study found that community pharmacists experienced moderate job satisfaction levels, with mean job satisfaction and well-being scores of 17.6 (±6.2) and 17.0 (±6.50) respectively. A correlation was identified between job satisfaction and well-being, indicating that lower job satisfaction corresponded to lower well-being. Factors such as years of experience (p = 0.001), work-related stress (p = 0.001), willingness to vaccinate (p = 0.001), workload (p = 0.001) and lack of support and reimbursement for vaccinating pharmacists influenced job satisfaction and well-being levels.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study highlights the median to minimal job satisfaction levels among pharmacists in Australia and the correlation between pharmacists' willingness to administer vaccines and their job satisfaction and well-being. Additionally, the study underscores the need for additional support and reimbursement for vaccinating pharmacists. To enhance the pharmacy profession's role in the healthcare system, new strategies are required to support pharmacists in providing vaccination services.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research","volume":"54 1","pages":"61-69"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jppr.1895","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139942921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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