Journal of physical activity & health最新文献

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly altered the social and physical environments for sport, exercise, and physical activity (SEPA) participation. However, limited research has examined how patterns of activity co-occurrence have changed across demographic groups. This study aimed to explore shifts in SEPA participation before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic, with a specific focus on identifying co-occurrence patterns by sex and age group.

Methods: Data were drawn from the 2019, 2021, and 2023 waves of the Korean National Sports Survey (N = 6609). Respondents who reported participating in 2 or more types of SEPA were included. Association rule mining was applied using the Apriori algorithm to identify coparticipation patterns. Rules were filtered using thresholds of support ≥ 0.01, confidence ≥ 0.50, and lift ≥ 1.00.

Results: Co-occurrence patterns of SEPA participation changed notably across the prepandemic, pandemic, and postpandemic periods. In 2019, team sports such as basketball, soccer/futsal, and swimming showed strong co-occurrence. During the pandemic years, walking, hiking, and gymnastics became central activities. Men were more likely to engage in vigorous, competitive combinations, whereas women participated more in accessible, low-impact combinations. Younger adults exhibited the greatest shifts toward individual activities, whereas middle-aged and older adults maintained stable co-occurrence patterns centered around walking, gymnastics, and gateball.

Conclusions: This study revealed substantial shifts in SEPA co-occurrence patterns associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings highlight the need for promoting flexible, multiactivity strategies that are responsive to demographic differences and adaptive to external environmental changes.

Background: Monitoring temporal trends in physical fitness provides valuable insight into population health that can help identify current and future physical health. This study examined temporal trends in physical fitness among children and adolescents aged 6-18 from the Macao Special Administrative Region between 2005 and 2020.

Methods: Representative repeated cross-sectional physical fitness data were collected in 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020 (n = 17,987). Body size and physical fitness were objectively measured. Trends in means were calculated using general linear models. Models were adjusted for sex, age, height, and weight. Trends in distributional characteristics were assessed as the ratio of the coefficients of variation and described visually.

Results: Despite an increase in body size, we found significant small to large body size adjusted decline in cardiorespiratory fitness (effect size [ES] = -0.27, -0.93) and small declines in reaction time (ES = -0.21, -0.38). Declines in other fitness components varied by age, with negligible to small declines in children's (aged 6-12 y) balance (ES = -0.15) and speed (ES = -0.25) and in adolescents' (aged 13-18 y) muscular power (ES = -0.17, -0.36). A small improvement was observed in adolescents' flexibility (ES = 0.24). Mixed trends were found in distributional variability for flexibility, along with differing trends in distributional asymmetry among fitness components.

Conclusions: These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to enhance fitness levels in the young Macao population. Addressing these trends is crucial for improving the current and future health outcomes of young people in the region.

Background: To investigate the mediating effect of 24-hour movement behaviors on the relationship between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and mortality risk; additionally, to assess the health benefits of reallocating sedentary behavior (SB) with physical activity.

Methods: This prospective cohort study included 88,795 participants (aged 43-78) from the UK Biobank with valid accelerometer data. A compositional mediation model assessed whether 24-hour movement behaviors mediate the CKD-mortality association. A flexible parametric hazards model was used to estimate life expectancy under various reallocation scenarios of 24-hour movement behaviors.

Results: During a median follow-up of 8.10 years, 3673 participants met CKD criteria, and 3117 died. CKD increased all-cause mortality risk through greater SB and reduced light-intensity physical activity and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA; hazard ratios = 1.040; 95% confidence interval, 1.030-1.050). Reallocating 20 minutes per day of SB to MVPA increased life expectancy by 1.70 years at age 45 (95% confidence interval, 0.51-4.34).

Conclusions: Twenty four-hour movement behaviors partially mediate mortality risk in CKD, with MVPA showing the strongest protective effect. Interventions that reduce SB and increase MVPA can improve survival in CKD populations.

Background: Obesity is a growing global health concern influenced by various behavioral factors. While physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), and dietary supplement (DS) use are known to independently affect obesity, limited research has examined their combined effects. This study aimed to identify latent behavioral subgroups based on these factors and assess their associations with obesity.

Methods: Data were drawn from adults aged 18 and older in the 2011-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Individuals with cancer, diabetes, hypertension, or pregnancy were excluded. Latent class analysis was performed using occupational PA (OPA), recreational PA, transportation PA, SB, and DS use. Obesity was defined using percent body fat. Confounders included demographic and lifestyle variables. Propensity score weighting adjusted for confounders, and a quasi-binomial generalized linear model estimated odds ratios (ORs) for obesity across subgroups.

Results: Among 13,328 participants, 4 latent classes emerged: OPA, SB/DS, OPA/recreational PA/DS, and SB. Compared with the SB group, the OPA/recreational PA/DS group had significantly lower odds of obesity (OR = 0.87; 95% CI, 0.85-0.89). The SB/DS group also showed reduced odds (OR = 0.96; 95% CI, 0.93-0.98). In contrast, the OPA group had higher odds of obesity than the SB/DS group (OR = 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02-1.06).

Conclusion: Distinct patterns of PA, SB, and DS use are differentially associated with obesity risk. These findings highlight the need for targeted public health interventions that consider complex lifestyle behavior profiles.

Background: Psychosocial and built environment (BE) factors can influence physical activity (PA). Objectives were to assess whether psychosocial or BE variables were associated with PA and whether associations differed by sociodemographic characteristics in rural communities.

Methods: The sample included 2215 adults enrolled in a healthy lifestyle intervention cluster-randomized trial. Sociodemographic variables included age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, and income. Health variables included general health status and body mass index. PA was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-long form. Metabolic Equivalent-minutes per week were calculated for total PA, moderate and vigorous PA, and walking. Psychosocial (exercise attitudes, exercise confidence, social support for PA from family/friends) and BE variables (walking environment, sidewalks, street shoulders, community safety, community aesthetic quality) were assessed via questionnaire. Linear regressions modeled bivariate associations between PA and PA context variables. Multivariate regression models evaluated whether sociodemographic or health variables modified relationships between PA and PA context variables.

Results: All psychosocial measures were positively associated with all measures of PA. Walking environment and community safety were the only BE measures associated with all measures of PA. Being an older adult (65+) had significantly greater effects on exercise attitudes, exercise confidence, and social support from friends on walking. Education and income did not consistently moderate associations between psychosocial factors and any measure of PA.

Conclusions: Future studies should confirm whether psychosocial characteristics are associated with PA in other populations and explore how these effects are moderated by sociodemographic characteristics. Further research is needed on the role of the environment in influencing PA in rural communities.

Background: Historically, physical activity (PA) promotion campaigns have been evaluated with social cognitive approaches that are limited in explaining the PA intention-behavior gap and distinguishing between behavioral adoption and maintenance. The purpose of this research was to develop and test a simple classification that addresses PA intention-behavior translation and maintenance, using action control and dual-process theories with 4 items (PA intentions, behavior, habit, and identity).

Methods: A classification was developed on one population (n = 1350) and tested on 2 PA campaign populations (n = 376 and n = 6396). The a priori criterion for success was for the resultant profiles to each account for ≥10% of the sample and collectively account for ≥85% of the sample.

Results: The initial classification produced 4 profiles: (1) "nonintenders" (ie, low intentions, low PA, low habit, and low identity); (2) "unsuccessful adopters" (ie, high intentions, low PA, low habit, and low identity); (3) "successful adopters" (ie, high intentions, high PA, low habit, and low identity); and (4) "successful maintainers" (ie, high intentions, high PA, and high habit, or high identity); which collectively accounted for 87.6% of the sample. The 2 test samples revealed 2 profiles ("successful adopters" and "successful maintainers") that accounted for 69.8% and 70.9% of the samples, respectively.

Conclusions: The classification produced 4 profiles; however, only 2 profiles were revealed in the test samples. These differences may have been the result of the PA campaign populations being more inclined toward translating intentions and maintaining behavior. Future research should assess profile distributions across diverse campaign audiences.

Background: Interpersonal factors such as family and friends strongly influence children's and adolescents' physical activity (PA). How these young people in Chile perceive parental and peer support for PA practice remains little explored. Therefore, this study aims to determine the association between perceived parental and peer support with PA levels and to compare both types of support with PA recommendation compliance in Chilean children and adolescents.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 641 schoolchildren (47% girls, 9-17 y old) from Valparaíso and Araucanía regions of Chile. Perceived parental and peer support were evaluated through the Physical Activity Family and Friends Support Scales questionnaire. PA was assessed through the Youth Activity Profile questionnaire. t Tests and binary logistic regression were used for statistical analysis (alpha considered: .05).

Results: Significant differences between sexes were found only in parental support (P = .006 for boys-children). In adolescents, a significant difference was found in boys (P < .001) wherein peer support was greater than parental support. Furthermore, parental support was significantly associated with meeting PA recommendations (general: odds ratio [OR] = 3.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.42-4.99; boys: OR = 4.75, 95% CI = 1.91-11.81; girls: OR = 3.56, 95% CI = 2.34-5.41). Peer support was also associated with meeting PA recommendations (general: OR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.42-2.36; boys: OR = 5.13, 95% CI = 2.05-12.86; girls: OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.15-2.04).

Conclusion: PA promotion strategies should consider age groups and the sex of participants to select the most effective approaches. Moreover, these strategies should aim to address and reduce gender biases among parents, which may inadvertently favor boys over girls.