Journal of physical activity & health最新文献

Background: Despite extensive efforts to tackle the unequal levels of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) among adults, our understanding of how these inequalities are sustained over time is minimal. Existing approaches often overlook the complex dynamic, and typically nonlinear interactions, which shape physical activity patterns. Therefore, this paper aims to capture these dynamic interactions and processes which influence an individual's decision to practice LTPA, with a specific focus on the influence of income.

Methods: The conceptual model was developed in 4 main stages: (1) initial draft development, (2) realist reviews, (3) expert consultation, and (4) finalization.

Results: The conceptual model has intention as its central construct to practice LTPA, and intention is directly influenced by dynamic interrelated processes between individual's economic, psychosocial, and perceived physical environment factors.

Conclusion: From the multiple theories, evidence, and expert agreement, we are confident that our conceptual model expresses the dynamic interactions which shape an individual's decision to practice LTPA in a context of socioeconomic inequalities. Going forward, this work will be used to conceptualize and inform the development of an agent-based model to simulate LTPA inequalities among adults and can be expanded or adapted to other uses, such as intervention development.

Background: Health professionals play a crucial role in promoting physical activity, but the impact of physical activity behavior change training on preprofessional health students is underresearched. This systematic review examined the impact of such training for preprofessional health students.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, PsycInfo, and CINAHL up to October 2024. Included studies reported training interventions for preprofessional health students, with outcomes related to changes in knowledge, skills, confidence, and attitudes/intentions toward physical activity promotion. Inclusion criteria were peer-reviewed studies published in English, excluding qualitative studies, reviews, study protocols, and grey literature. The Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies of Interventions tool was used to assess risk of bias. A narrative synthesis was conducted due to study heterogeneity, with meta-analysis not feasible. The review was registered prospectively with PROSPERO (CRD42023428847).

Results: Sixteen studies from 8 countries were included (median duration: 23 weeks), featuring training approaches such as theoretical, practical, or mixed learning. Participants included medical, nursing, physiotherapy, pharmacy, or other health-related degree students. All studies reported positive effects on knowledge, skills, confidence, or attitudes. Approaches combining theoretical and practical components yielded higher improvements in knowledge and confidence compared with single-component approaches. Risk of bias was high in 12/16 studies.

Conclusions: Training preprofessional health students in physical activity support and behavior change can enhance their knowledge, skills, confidence, or attitudes in this area. Variability in methods and risk of bias in the included studies necessitate caution in interpretation. Assessment of long-term training impacts on both preprofessional health students and patient outcomes is needed.

Background: Type-specific physical activity (PA) may be associated with different risks of ischemic heart disease (IHD), but few large studies have examined this. This study aimed to assess the incidence and dose-response relationships between total PA and 4 different types of PA and IHD risk in Chinese adults.

Methods: The prospective China Kadoorie Biobank enrolled 35,508 adults from Qingdao from 2004 to 2008, including 33,342 IHD-free participants in this analysis. PA was collected through a self-report questionnaire, calculating metabolic equivalents of task-hours per day based on duration and frequency. Cox regression analysis was used to assess the association between PA and IHD risk.

Results: During a median 9.2 years of follow-up, 2712 incident IHD cases were recorded. Total, occupational, commuting, and leisure-time PAs were inversely associated with IHD risk. Compared with the participants in the bottom quintiles of PA, the participants in the top quintiles of total PA, occupational PA, commuting PA, and leisure-time PA had 43% (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.57; 95% CI, 0.49-0.66), 38% (HR = 0.62; 95% CI, 0.50-0.75), 38% (HR = 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44-0.87), and 21% (HR = 0.79; 95% CI, 0.67-0.95) lower IHD risk, respectively. A negative association between household PA and IHD risk was found only in males (HR = 0.83; 95% CI, 0.70-0.98). The restricted cubic spline  regression analysis revealed a linear relationship between total PA and IHD risk (P for nonlinear = .5687).

Conclusion: Among Chinese adults, higher total, occupational, commuting, and leisure-time PA was associated with significantly lower risks of IHD, and increased household PA could reduce IHD risk in males.

Objective: To evaluate the paths between lifelong physical activity levels and the development of cardiometabolic disease.

Methods: The ATTICA is a population-based cohort study with a 20-year follow-up conducted in the Attica region, Greece and included, 3042 adult males and females (45 [11] y). Participants physical activity levels' tracking together with data regarding cardiovascular disease, obesity, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes incidence, were available in 1988 participants (45 [12] y old, 987 males and 1001 females), at 20-year follow-up. Physical activity levels were evaluated using the validated International Physical Activity Questionnaire, in all examinations (2001-2002, 2006, 2012, and 2022). Four physical activity trajectories were defined, that is, consistently active/inactive and changed from active/inactive. Path analysis was applied using structure equation models.

Results: 54% of participants were classified as always inactive, 5% classified as became inactive from physically active, 38% as became active and, only 3% sustained physical activity levels. Participants who reported being consistently physically active throughout the 20-year period were 6% (OR, 0.94, 95% CI, 0.89-0.99) less likely to develop cardiovascular disease as compared with those who remained consistently physically inactive, had 21% lower risk of developing hypercholesterolemia (OR, 0.79, 95% CI, 0.59-1.04), 33% lower risk of obesity (OR, 0.67, 95% CI, 0.44-1.02), and 30% lower risk of diabetes (OR, 0.70, 95% CI, 0.48-1.03).

Conclusions: Lifelong physical activity was strongly associated with reduced fatal or nonfatal cardiovascular disease events, as well as reduced risk of developing other cardiometabolic disorders, hypercholesterolemia, obesity, and diabetes.

Introduction: Blood pressure (BP) control is necessary to prevent fatal events in patients with hypertension. Although physical activity (PA) and sleep quality (SQ) are known to reduce BP, their joint association is yet to be demonstrated. This study aimed to assess the joint association of PA and SQ on BP control among patients with hypertension in Cameroon.

Methods: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study carried out among outpatients attending Douala General Hospital in Cameroon diagnosed with hypertension. BP was considered to be controlled if it was lower than 140/90 mm Hg. PA and SQ have been assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index. Odds ratio and 95% CI have been calculated, and differences were considered significant at P < .05.

Results: A total of 415 participants were recruited, the mean age was 61 (11) years, and 67% were women. Around 66.3% of participants had their BP uncontrolled. Patients with uncontrolled BP had a significantly higher proportion of overweight/obesity (87.3% vs 73.6, P = .001), sedentary time ≥ 2 hours per day (37.1% vs 27.1, P = .043), and low leisure-time PA level (39.6% vs 52.9%, P = .014). After adjustment for confounders, a poor SQ associated with a low PA level significantly increased the odds of having an uncontrolled BP (odds ratio: 2.66; 95% CI, 1.13-6.24; P = .025).

Conclusion: Cameroonian patients with hypertension exhibit a high rate of poor BP control which is significantly associated with poor SQ and low PA level. These 2 parameters should be considered simultaneously for a better prevention of cardiovascular complications.

Background: Physical activity levels decline following diagnosis of ovarian cancer, and there is limited research investigating the factors that influence participation across the cancer continuum. The objective of this study is to explore barriers, facilitators, perceptions, and preferences of physical activity for women with recurrent ovarian cancer and to explore whether these factors change across the cancer continuum.

Methods: Women enrolled in the Exercise During Chemotherapy for Recurrent Ovarian Cancer trial were invited to participate. Semistructured interviews, guided by social cognitive theory, were conducted by 2 interviewers via video conferencing. All interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed using an adaptive thematic approach.

Results: An overarching theme, "The swaying pendulum," emerged following 13 participant interviews, representing the instability of physical activity participation in women with recurrent ovarian cancer. Five themes captured factors swaying the "pendulum": (1) the "priority ladder" of physical activity and the importance of social support and the physical environment, (2) the "hurdles" of treatment- and disease-related side effects, (3) the power of physical activity support and advice from health professionals in the face of uncertainty and fear, (4) a "yearning" for the outdoors, and (5) resorting to walking.

Conclusions: Physical activity participation in women with recurrent ovarian cancer is swayed by a complex combination of internal and external factors, unique to each individual, and continually changing circumstances across the cancer continuum.

Background: Little crash equity research has controlled for active transportation rates, examined the Southeastern United States, or used composite sociodemographic metrics. This study analyzed disparities in pedestrian and cyclist crashes and crash severity according to level of social vulnerability (SV) across South Carolina.

Methods: Data about SV and its 4 dimensions (socioeconomic status, household composition and disability, minority status and language, and housing type and transportation) were compiled for all census tracts (N = 1103) within South Carolina. Data for all crashes involving a pedestrian (n = 10,688) and/or cyclist (n = 4802) from 2011 to 2021 were obtained from the South Carolina Department of Transportation and geocoded to the respective census tract. Total average pedestrian and cyclist crash severity (Equivalent Property Damage Only) were also calculated for each tract. Crash frequency and severity scores were adjusted using the average number of walking and cycling trips in the census tract per year using StreetLight Data. Mixed-model linear regression analyzed the relationships between overall SV and the 4 SV dimensions and 4 crash measures-pedestrian and cyclist frequency and severity. Stratified analyses were conducted for urban and rural tracts.

Results: Overall SV was positively and significantly associated with all 4 crash outcomes in urban areas: pedestrian crashes per trip (B = 0.048, SE = 0.012, P < .001), pedestrian crash severity per trip (B = 9.018, SE = 2.516, P < .001), cyclist crashes per trip (B = 0.093, SE = 0.029, P < .01), and cyclist crash severity per trip (B = 16.370, SE = 5.482, P < .01). In urban areas, greater SV was associated with more severe pedestrian and cyclist crash outcomes.

Conclusions: Targeted policy and programmatic and infrastructure interventions are needed to improve active transportation safety and public health.

Background: Cellular antioxidant activity and oxidative stress are assumed to be critical factors in the aging process. This study aims to investigate the effects of resistance training (RT) on endogenous antioxidants in healthy older individuals.

Design: The records were identified through searches in 5 electronic databases (PubMed, Bireme, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science) in June 2024 for eligible randomized controlled trials that observed older individuals subjected to RT programs that reported endogenous antioxidant outcomes. The Tool for the assEssment of Study qualiTy and reporting in EXercise (ranging from 0 to 15) was used to verify the methodological quality of the studies.

Results: Fourteen randomized controlled trials involving 676 healthy older individuals were included in the systematic review. Of these, 10 articles were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis indicated that RT interventions did not have significant effects on improving catalase levels (standardized mean difference = 0.84; 95% CI, -0.61 to 2.29) or antioxidant activity (standardized mean difference = 0.28; 95% CI, -0.41 to 0.98). However, RT was associated with a significant reduction in superoxide dismutase (mean difference = -0.16; 95% CI, -0.29 to -0.04) and glutathione peroxidase increased (standardized mean difference = 0.57; 95% CI, 0.13 to 1.01).

Conclusions: Based on available evidence, the meta-analysis suggests potential improvement in glutathione peroxidase gene expression and reduction in gene expression of superoxide dismutase after the intervention physical activity intervention in healthy older individuals.

Background: Pedometers are a useful measure of physical activity (PA) but whether systematic bias exists when using differing inclusion criterion for pedometer-derived PA data is unknown. We undertake an exploration of previously published criteria for pedometer data cleaning and examine the impact of different inclusion criteria on sample size retention and participant exclusion by key sociodemographic characteristics.

Methods: Data were drawn from a community survey in Aotearoa/New Zealand. Sociodemographic information and self-reported PA were collected via face-to-face surveys; participants were asked to wear a Yamax CW300 pedometer for 7 days. Analyses involved removing extreme outliers and determining minimum steps per day for inclusion, determining whether day 1 removal was required, examining risk of bias using different inclusion criteria, and examining convergent and concurrent validity of criteria with the lowest bias potential.

Results: Pedometer data were available for 895 participants. A threshold of 100 steps/day was deemed appropriate to define a valid day. All days were correlated with each other; intraclass correlation coefficients were low and did not change meaningfully with removal of the first day of data. Participant retention reduced, and bias in participant inclusion increased, with increasing stringency of data inclusion criterion applied. Evidence for convergent and concurrent validity in the 2 models with the lowest risk of exclusion bias was demonstrated.

Conclusion: Increasing stringency in pedometer data inclusion criteria can result in significant and biased loss of sample size. Clear reporting of data cleaning methods and rationale (including consideration of potential for bias) is needed in pedometer-based PA research.