Journal of physical activity & health最新文献

Background: The relationship between changes in physical function and quality of life in pancreatic cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy is not yet fully understood. This study aimed to examine the physical function trajectories and their relationship with the quality of life in these patients.

Methods: A total of 273 patients with pancreatic cancer were recruited for this study. Three physical functional tests (maximum grip strength, 2-minute step test [2-MST], and timed up and go) were performed at baseline (before chemotherapy) and at 2, 4, 6, 9, and 12 months of chemotherapy. Quality of life was measured using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire. A linear mixed-effects model was used to detect changes in physical function over time and to assess associations among the primary outcomes.

Results: The grip strength significantly decreased (P = .005), whereas the number of 2-MST repetitions significantly increased (P < .001) at 12 months of chemotherapy. Both outcomes were significantly correlated with the physical functioning domain (grip strength: P < .001, 2-MST: P < .001). However, only the 2-MST outcome was associated with the global health status domain (P < .001).

Conclusions: Patients with pancreatic cancer showed reduced grip strength and improved 2-MST performance at 12 months of chemotherapy. Both outcomes correlated with health-related quality of life. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring functional performance in pancreatic cancer patients using both tests, particularly during the early phases of chemotherapy, and offer valuable insights for the development of rehabilitation and supportive care strategies.

Background: Leisure-time physical activity offers protection against the risk of death. However, most studies have considered only one measure of lifetime exposure, and there is a lack of cohort studies in low- and middle-income countries. We aimed to evaluate the prospective effect of leisure-time physical activity and its changes in the mortality risk among adults from Brazil.

Methods: We analyzed leisure-time physical activity data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Changes from the first wave (2008-2010) to the second wave (2012-2014) were assessed by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Mortality data were updated on January 1, 2024. Cox regression estimated hazard ratios (HR).

Results: Overall, 13,589 individuals had valid data for physical activity in both waves. The mean age at baseline was 52.2 (9.1), varying from 34 to 75 years old. There were 553 deaths, with a crude mortality rate of 3.3 per 1000. The mean follow-up time for the risk of dying was 12 years. The risk of death was lower for individuals who had: (1) high levels of moderate to vigorous physical activity at wave 1 and maintained or increased at wave 2 (HR = 0.59; 95% CI, 0.37-0.92), (2) incident vigorous physical activity at wave 2 (HR = 0.47; 95% CI, 0.32-0.70), and (3) maintained or increased their walking level (HR = 0.75; 95% CI, 0.57-0.99) as compared with those inactive at both waves.

Conclusions: We found a greater protective effect of vigorous physical activity on mortality risk. However, maintaining leisure-time walking was also associated with a lower mortality risk. Performing physical activity above the recommended threshold could provide more benefits.

Background: Distinct patterns of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) have been associated with different health outcomes. Yet, time trends of different LTPA patterns remain insufficiently described. In this study, we examined time trends (2009-2023) in the prevalence of the weekend warrior and other LTPA patterns among Brazilian adults and described their sociodemographic, lifestyle, and cardiometabolic profiles.

Methods: This time-series study included 643,196 Brazilian adult participants (≥18 y) from the Vigitel surveys between 2009 and 2023. Adults achieving physical activity guidelines (≥150 min/wk of moderate or ≥75 min/wk of vigorous LTPA) were classified as weekend warriors (1-2 sessions/wk), intermediate actives (3-4 sessions/wk), or regularly actives (≥5 sessions/wk). Prais-Winsten regression models were performed to identify time trends of LTPA patterns, as well as lifestyle factors and cardiometabolic conditions across LTPA patterns.

Results: Adults achieving physical activity guidelines increased from 30.3% in 2009 to 40.6% in 2023, with higher levels among men, younger adults, and those with ≥12 years of education. The weekend warriors pattern declined from 5.9% to 3.1% particularly among men, whereas intermediate (11.3% to 17.4%), and regularly active (13.0% to 20.1%) patterns increased. Among weekend warriors, smoking and binge drinking remained elevated, obesity prevalence doubled, hypertension increased, and diabetes remained stable.

Conclusion: Leisure-time physical activity increased between 2009 and 2023 in Brazil. Weekend warrior pattern decreased, whereas intermediate and regularly active patterns increased during this period. Weekend warriors showed worse trends in smoking, binge drinking, obesity, and hypertension.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to assess the associations between perceived socioenvironmental neighborhood attributes and objectively assessed habitual physical activity among US adults as well as whether associations vary by sociodemographic characteristics.

Methods: We used data from the All of Us research program, a longitudinal cohort study of a diverse sample of Americans. Perceived neighborhood social cohesion, physical and social disorder, walkability, and sociodemographic characteristics were self-reported. Habitual physical activity was ascertained using Fitbit-derived step counts over ≥24 weeks. Generalized additive mixed-effects models were used to test the associations between perceived socioenvironmental neighborhood attributes and daily step counts.

Results: Among participants (n = 6716), average daily step count was 7274.1 (SD = 3353.6). Social cohesion (B = 117.15, SE = 30.12, P < .001) and walkability (B = 72.74, SE = 31.43, P = .021) were positively associated with step count. The association of social cohesion with step count was moderated by age, being strongest among younger adults (B for interaction term = -5.43, SE = 2.00, P = .001), whereas the association between walkability and step count was moderated by income, being strongest for the lowest income group (B = -211.57, SE = 90.92, P = .020). Despite not finding main effects on step count for perceived physical disorder, age- and income-moderated effects were observed, with opposite-direction associations found for low (inverse) versus mid-upper income (direct) (B = 229.66, SE = 94.48, P = .015) and for younger (inverse) versus older (direct) adults (B for interaction term = 4.48, SE = 2.01, P = .030).

Conclusions: Perceived neighborhood social cohesion, walkability, and physical disorder are associated with habitual physical activity among US adults. Age and income moderated the associations between neighborhood attributes and physical activity.

Introduction: Physical inactivity and sedentary behavior contribute substantially to Thailand's noncommunicable disease burden. This systematic review identified and evaluated articles that reported interventions implemented in Thailand to promote physical activity and reduce sedentary behavior.

Methods: Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and registration in PROSPERO (CRD42024523843), 5 international databases, Google Scholar, and Thai-language sources were searched for 2014-2024. Eligible articles evaluated interventions conducted in Thailand reporting individual-level physical activity or sedentary behavior outcomes. Four reviewers independently screened records, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias using Risk of Bias in Nonrandomized Studies of Interventions-I. Interventions were categorized by component domain, and results were synthesized narratively by direction and statistical significance.

Results: Of 17,604 records identified, 22 articles, comprising 7 randomized controlled trials and 15 nonrandomized designs, met the inclusion criteria. Interventions lasted 6 to 104 weeks (median = 12) and primarily targeted adults (68.2%). Among these, 21 articles assessed physical activity, and 9 assessed sedentary behavior. Educational components were most common (17 articles), followed by technology-assisted tools (12), exercise activities (9), and environmental strategies (6); all generally demonstrated improvements in physical activity or reductions in sedentary behavior, and multicomponent interventions integrating 2 or more elements (17 articles) showed favorable outcomes across both behaviors. Most were rated as having a moderate to serious risk of bias, while 7 were assessed as low risk.

Conclusion: Interventions in Thailand generally increased physical activity, while sedentary behavior was less frequently examined. Educational, technological, exercise, and environmental approaches improved awareness, self-monitoring, and opportunities for movement, but most interventions were short term and small scale.

Background: This study aims to elucidate the causal effect of physical activity (PA) at different times of day on the risk of cardiovascular diseases, including subtypes of stroke, heart failure, atherosclerosis (AS), myocardial infarction, hypertension, and peripheral artery disease.

Methods: Two-sample univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization were conducted. Genetic instruments for total PA and PA across twelve 2-hour intervals were derived from UK Biobank. Summary-level data for outcomes were obtained from large consortia. We estimated causal effects using inverse variance weighted, MR-Egger, and weighted median methods. Sensitivity analyses were also conducted.

Results: Multivariable Mendelian randomization revealed independent protective effects of PA during 6 AM to 8 AM, 10 AM to 12 PM, and 4 PM to 6 PM on total and ischemic stroke. In contrast, the effect in protecting total, ischemic and large artery stroke were detected for PA during 6 PM to 8 PM in univariable MR. PA during 2 AM to 4 AM and 10 AM to 12 PM had directly protective effect of total AS, and PA during 2 PM to 4 PM for coronary AS, while univariable MR results indicated PA during 8 PM to 10 PM and 6 PM to 8 PM decreased the risk of cerebral and coronary AS, respectively. PA during 2 PM to 4 PM exhibited a total but not a direct effect of reducing risk of total and essential hypertension. No robust causal associations were observed for heart failure, myocardial infarction, or peripheral artery disease.

Conclusion: This study provides evidence that PA during specific periods is causally associated with the risk of stroke, AS, and hypertension. These findings suggest that the timing of PA should be considered for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

Background: Despite the benefits of physical activity (PA), evidence suggests around 25% of adults fail to meet PA guidelines, parents, and mothers in particular, and engage in less PA on average than their childless peers. This review sought to determine the correlates of parental PA, stratifying evidence by self-report and device-based measures.

Methods: Quantitative studies (cross-sectional and longitudinal) investigating associations between correlates and parental PA (ie, parents with children aged 0-18 y) were identified across 4 databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and Scopus) up to October 2024. Correlates (assessed in 3 or more studies) and direction of associations were extracted, described, and synthesized narratively according to the socioecological model (individual, interpersonal, organizational, environmental, societal).

Results: Of 4632 studies identified, 269 full texts were assessed and 105 studies included in the review. A total of 117 correlates were identified across all studies (103 for self-report measures, 55 for device-based). 53 correlates were assessed in 3/+ independent associations (n = 51 self-report, n = 14 device, n = 12 both). Consistently, partner PA was positively associated with parent PA regardless of measure used. Child PA, pet ownership, and environmental aesthetics were positively associated with (mothers') PA, whereas car ownership was negatively associated with PA. Only one policy-level factor (COVID-19 restrictions) was assessed, being negatively associated with parental PA.

Conclusions: Family-based correlates of PA were positively associated with parental PA, suggesting these may support wider family engagement in PA. Evidence from fathers and from low- and middle-income countries is needed to gain a better understanding of parental PA in these groups.

Background: The aim of this study is to present how physical activity (PA) affects life satisfaction (LS) among individuals working in small societies with stressful and sedentary work environments. This study investigates the complex pathways through which PA enhances LS among banking and insurance employees-a population facing unique occupational stressors within a small society context of 476,214 residents. Drawing on Conservation of Resources and Self-Determination theories, this study examines how work-life balance, competence satisfaction, and job motivation mediate this relationship.

Methods: Data collected from 429 banking and insurance employees in Northern Cyprus were analyzed using Hayes' PROCESS macro to test direct and indirect effects. The study employed a cross-sectional survey design with hardcopy questionnaires distributed to employees across both sectors.

Results: Results reveal that PA significantly influences LS both directly (β = 0.137, P = .004) and through multiple mediating pathways. Notably, work-life balance fully mediates the relationship between PA and competence satisfaction, supporting the resource-generation function of exercise. The significant serial mediation pathway demonstrates how regular PA initiates a positive chain reaction in professional settings. Furthermore, these findings uncover bidirectional relationships between workplace factors and LS, suggesting a more dynamic interplay than previously theorized.

Conclusions: These results provide compelling evidence that workplace wellness initiatives should integrate PA programs with supportive work-life balance policies to maximize employee well-being. Furthermore, they highlight the importance of developing evidence-based strategies to enhance employee quality of life in demanding professional environments.

Limitations have been noted for the employ of social return on investment (SROI) in physical activity and sport (PAS). A group of researchers recently produced a series of papers describing their efforts to standardize the application of SROI to PAS. Two of these papers, a systematic review and a subsequent commentary summarizing lessons learned from a Delphi study of experts, were published in the Journal of Physical Activity and Health. In this commentary, I reflect on the findings of the systematic review and respond to the lessons learned. In their lessons learned, Nieto et al conclude no causal evidence exists for relationships between PAS with crime, social capital, or the environment. Furthermore, limited evidence exists for causality between PAS and some indicators of educational attainment and subjective well-being. Given that a critical component of a properly conducted SROI is the development of a logic model describing the causal relationship between inputs, outputs, and outcomes, I argue that the lack of causal relationships for much of the key outcomes for PAS is problematic. I identify other limitations for the current body of SROIs for PAS including mostly unpublished commissioned works and a lack of regulatory mechanisms. I applaud efforts to establish consensus for good practice in the application of SROI approaches to PAS. However, an additional apparent lesson from the work of Nieto and colleagues is that most SROIs are making faulty and inflated claims about the impact of PAS on social outcomes (eg, crime).