Journal of physical activity & health最新文献

Background: Outdoor recess during school is a prominent source of children's physical activity; however, children's movement is likely affected when recess is moved indoors due to inclement weather. This study assessed the amount and intensity of children's physical activity during school recess when it took place inside gyms or classrooms compared with traditional outdoor recess during periods of high heat.

Methods: This cross-sectional observational study included assessments of movement intensity levels during recess (sedentary, light, and moderate to vigorous physical activity [MVPA]) among fifth-grade children (N = 251; ages = 10-12 y) at 5 schools in the Phoenix Metropolitan Area (Arizona, United States) between August and September 2024. School personnel determined the locations for recess (in classrooms, gyms, or outdoors). Physical activity levels were assessed using the System for Observing Play and Leisure Activity in Youth during 91 observations across 15 recess periods. Differences in mean physical activity intensities were compared between recess locations for the entire sample and by child sex using 1-way analyses of variance.

Results: Outdoor temperatures ranged from 91 to 109 °F (33-43 °C). Most recess was held outside (60%), with 20% in classrooms and 20% in gyms. All physical activity intensities differed between locations, with the greatest difference in time occurring in MVPA in gyms (51%) and outdoors (28%) compared with classrooms (11%), where children were mainly sedentary (71%). Boys spent more time in MVPA and less time sedentary than girls across all settings.

Conclusions: Having indoor facilities to support movement such as gyms provides more MVPA and less time sitting compared with classrooms or outdoors on high-heat days.

Background: Public open spaces (POS) can promote physical activity (PA) in children, but evidence of their role in vulnerable contexts remains limited. This study examines how POS characteristics (distance, quality, and parental perception) influence PA among preschoolers in low-income neighborhoods.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in public preschools in peripheral neighborhoods of a capital city in Northeastern Brazil. Moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) and total PA (TPA) of 128 preschoolers aged 3-5 (56.9% male) were measured using accelerometry. POS accessibility and quality were assessed using the Physical Activity Resource Assessment and Geographic Information Systems. Parental perceptions of the neighborhood and sociodemographic data were collected through interviews. Binary (for MVPA) and ordinal (for TPA) logistic regressions tested associations, adjusting for sex, age, maternal education, and income (P < .05).

Results: Preschoolers' mean MVPA time was 67.6 (20.0) and TPA time was 296.6 (52.4). A greater Euclidean distance from home to the POS was associated with greater odds of meeting MVPA recommendations (odds ratio [OR] = 6.34; P < .01). Greater walking distance (OR = 2.23; P = .02), higher POS quality (OR = 1.05; P < .01), and nighttime safety (OR = 0.39; P = .02) significantly predicted TPA levels.

Conclusion: In socially vulnerable environments, POS distance and quality play differentiated roles in preschoolers' PA. Although a greater distance may encourage active travel, the quality and safety of POS remain critical to PA. Therefore, equitable urban planning is necessary to optimize POS resources for preschoolers in vulnerable communities.

Background: Investment in recreational physical activity and sports participation (PAS) needs to be justified. The Social Return on Investment (SROI) is a framework that aims to quantify social value, but there is no standard on how to apply it to the PAS sector. This study uses the Delphi method to reach international consensus on (1) the definition of social value of PAS, (2) the social outcomes that should be measured, and (3) the tools to measure and value them.

Methods: The preparing phase included a systematic review, initial interviews, and 2 creative workshops. During the conducting phase, a pilot was followed by 3 iterative rounds of communication with experts. Participants indicated their level of agreement with different statements. Consensus was reached if ≥70% of the panel agreed or disagreed. Small expert meetings were used as an additional step.

Results: Fifty-nine experts completed the first round and consensus was reached in all statements. There was 100% of agreement that Health, Education, Subjective Well-being, and Social Capital should be outcomes of a Social Return on Investment model of PAS and 85.7% for Crime. However, the results from the small expert meetings led to the removal of Social Capital and Crime from the final model. Stability of consensus (≤10% variability) was reached.

Conclusions: This study provides the initial phase for a standardized international PAS Social Return on Investment model to guide policymakers, industry, and any stakeholder interested in the evaluation of the social value generated by their activity.

Background: Latino persons with chronic spine pain (CSP) face distinct challenges to engaging in physical activity (PA) that may be explained by factors at multiple levels of the socioecological model and by intersecting oppressions. The objective of this study was to use the socioecological model and intersectionality framework to explore multilevel and intersecting determinants of PA among Latino persons with CSP using a qualitative approach.

Methods: A purposive sample of Latino persons with CSP living in the United States near the US-Mexican border completed a demographic survey and participated in semistructured interviews. Interview questions related to PA experiences were based on the socioecological model and intersectionality framework. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and coded deductively using rapid qualitative analysis in the original language (English or Spanish).

Results: Participants (N = 25, 65% women, 72% Spanish speakers) identified factors at the intrapersonal (eg, pain severity, mobility limitations, activity pacing, negative mental, and emotional states), interpersonal (eg, social support and competing social priorities), and environmental (eg, physical residence, neighborhood walkability, and neighborhood safety) levels. Individual PA experiences differed at varying intersections of culture with gender, geography, socioeconomic status, and employment status among Latino persons with CSP.

Conclusions: Latino persons with CSP face multilevel barriers to PA engagement that vary across social identities and impact the support, safety, and resources needed to engage in PA. Study findings can inform future PA interventions that tailor strategies to the unique needs of this population, with the goal of improving PA levels and pain management.

Background: The relationship between changes in physical function and quality of life in pancreatic cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy is not yet fully understood. This study aimed to examine the physical function trajectories and their relationship with the quality of life in these patients.

Methods: A total of 273 patients with pancreatic cancer were recruited for this study. Three physical functional tests (maximum grip strength, 2-minute step test [2-MST], and timed up and go) were performed at baseline (before chemotherapy) and at 2, 4, 6, 9, and 12 months of chemotherapy. Quality of life was measured using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire. A linear mixed-effects model was used to detect changes in physical function over time and to assess associations among the primary outcomes.

Results: The grip strength significantly decreased (P = .005), whereas the number of 2-MST repetitions significantly increased (P < .001) at 12 months of chemotherapy. Both outcomes were significantly correlated with the physical functioning domain (grip strength: P < .001, 2-MST: P < .001). However, only the 2-MST outcome was associated with the global health status domain (P < .001).

Conclusions: Patients with pancreatic cancer showed reduced grip strength and improved 2-MST performance at 12 months of chemotherapy. Both outcomes correlated with health-related quality of life. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring functional performance in pancreatic cancer patients using both tests, particularly during the early phases of chemotherapy, and offer valuable insights for the development of rehabilitation and supportive care strategies.

Background: Leisure-time physical activity offers protection against the risk of death. However, most studies have considered only one measure of lifetime exposure, and there is a lack of cohort studies in low- and middle-income countries. We aimed to evaluate the prospective effect of leisure-time physical activity and its changes in the mortality risk among adults from Brazil.

Methods: We analyzed leisure-time physical activity data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Changes from the first wave (2008-2010) to the second wave (2012-2014) were assessed by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Mortality data were updated on January 1, 2024. Cox regression estimated hazard ratios (HR).

Results: Overall, 13,589 individuals had valid data for physical activity in both waves. The mean age at baseline was 52.2 (9.1), varying from 34 to 75 years old. There were 553 deaths, with a crude mortality rate of 3.3 per 1000. The mean follow-up time for the risk of dying was 12 years. The risk of death was lower for individuals who had: (1) high levels of moderate to vigorous physical activity at wave 1 and maintained or increased at wave 2 (HR = 0.59; 95% CI, 0.37-0.92), (2) incident vigorous physical activity at wave 2 (HR = 0.47; 95% CI, 0.32-0.70), and (3) maintained or increased their walking level (HR = 0.75; 95% CI, 0.57-0.99) as compared with those inactive at both waves.

Conclusions: We found a greater protective effect of vigorous physical activity on mortality risk. However, maintaining leisure-time walking was also associated with a lower mortality risk. Performing physical activity above the recommended threshold could provide more benefits.

Background: Distinct patterns of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) have been associated with different health outcomes. Yet, time trends of different LTPA patterns remain insufficiently described. In this study, we examined time trends (2009-2023) in the prevalence of the weekend warrior and other LTPA patterns among Brazilian adults and described their sociodemographic, lifestyle, and cardiometabolic profiles.

Methods: This time-series study included 643,196 Brazilian adult participants (≥18 y) from the Vigitel surveys between 2009 and 2023. Adults achieving physical activity guidelines (≥150 min/wk of moderate or ≥75 min/wk of vigorous LTPA) were classified as weekend warriors (1-2 sessions/wk), intermediate actives (3-4 sessions/wk), or regularly actives (≥5 sessions/wk). Prais-Winsten regression models were performed to identify time trends of LTPA patterns, as well as lifestyle factors and cardiometabolic conditions across LTPA patterns.

Results: Adults achieving physical activity guidelines increased from 30.3% in 2009 to 40.6% in 2023, with higher levels among men, younger adults, and those with ≥12 years of education. The weekend warriors pattern declined from 5.9% to 3.1% particularly among men, whereas intermediate (11.3% to 17.4%), and regularly active (13.0% to 20.1%) patterns increased. Among weekend warriors, smoking and binge drinking remained elevated, obesity prevalence doubled, hypertension increased, and diabetes remained stable.

Conclusion: Leisure-time physical activity increased between 2009 and 2023 in Brazil. Weekend warrior pattern decreased, whereas intermediate and regularly active patterns increased during this period. Weekend warriors showed worse trends in smoking, binge drinking, obesity, and hypertension.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to assess the associations between perceived socioenvironmental neighborhood attributes and objectively assessed habitual physical activity among US adults as well as whether associations vary by sociodemographic characteristics.

Methods: We used data from the All of Us research program, a longitudinal cohort study of a diverse sample of Americans. Perceived neighborhood social cohesion, physical and social disorder, walkability, and sociodemographic characteristics were self-reported. Habitual physical activity was ascertained using Fitbit-derived step counts over ≥24 weeks. Generalized additive mixed-effects models were used to test the associations between perceived socioenvironmental neighborhood attributes and daily step counts.

Results: Among participants (n = 6716), average daily step count was 7274.1 (SD = 3353.6). Social cohesion (B = 117.15, SE = 30.12, P < .001) and walkability (B = 72.74, SE = 31.43, P = .021) were positively associated with step count. The association of social cohesion with step count was moderated by age, being strongest among younger adults (B for interaction term = -5.43, SE = 2.00, P = .001), whereas the association between walkability and step count was moderated by income, being strongest for the lowest income group (B = -211.57, SE = 90.92, P = .020). Despite not finding main effects on step count for perceived physical disorder, age- and income-moderated effects were observed, with opposite-direction associations found for low (inverse) versus mid-upper income (direct) (B = 229.66, SE = 94.48, P = .015) and for younger (inverse) versus older (direct) adults (B for interaction term = 4.48, SE = 2.01, P = .030).

Conclusions: Perceived neighborhood social cohesion, walkability, and physical disorder are associated with habitual physical activity among US adults. Age and income moderated the associations between neighborhood attributes and physical activity.

Introduction: Physical inactivity and sedentary behavior contribute substantially to Thailand's noncommunicable disease burden. This systematic review identified and evaluated articles that reported interventions implemented in Thailand to promote physical activity and reduce sedentary behavior.

Methods: Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and registration in PROSPERO (CRD42024523843), 5 international databases, Google Scholar, and Thai-language sources were searched for 2014-2024. Eligible articles evaluated interventions conducted in Thailand reporting individual-level physical activity or sedentary behavior outcomes. Four reviewers independently screened records, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias using Risk of Bias in Nonrandomized Studies of Interventions-I. Interventions were categorized by component domain, and results were synthesized narratively by direction and statistical significance.

Results: Of 17,604 records identified, 22 articles, comprising 7 randomized controlled trials and 15 nonrandomized designs, met the inclusion criteria. Interventions lasted 6 to 104 weeks (median = 12) and primarily targeted adults (68.2%). Among these, 21 articles assessed physical activity, and 9 assessed sedentary behavior. Educational components were most common (17 articles), followed by technology-assisted tools (12), exercise activities (9), and environmental strategies (6); all generally demonstrated improvements in physical activity or reductions in sedentary behavior, and multicomponent interventions integrating 2 or more elements (17 articles) showed favorable outcomes across both behaviors. Most were rated as having a moderate to serious risk of bias, while 7 were assessed as low risk.

Conclusion: Interventions in Thailand generally increased physical activity, while sedentary behavior was less frequently examined. Educational, technological, exercise, and environmental approaches improved awareness, self-monitoring, and opportunities for movement, but most interventions were short term and small scale.