N. Ouedraogo, Constantin Boladé Atchadé, T TataKadiatou, B. Ouedraogo, Boly Abdoul Gilchrist Laurent, W.L.M. Esther Kab, Jules Yoda, F. Kini, M. Lompo, M. Ouédraogo, S. Ouédraogo
{"title":"Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Extracts from Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) R.Br. Ex G.Don. (Fabaceae-Mimosoideae) Trunk Bark","authors":"N. Ouedraogo, Constantin Boladé Atchadé, T TataKadiatou, B. Ouedraogo, Boly Abdoul Gilchrist Laurent, W.L.M. Esther Kab, Jules Yoda, F. Kini, M. Lompo, M. Ouédraogo, S. Ouédraogo","doi":"10.3923/JPT.2021.1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/JPT.2021.1.8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16816,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82488122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and Objective: Gram-negative bacteria produce and release endotoxins in the form of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which can have direct effects on neural synaptic communication. Since the effects of acute repetitive exposures of LPS have not been fully addressed previously, the objective of this study was to investigate the repetitive effects of acute applications of LPS on synaptic transmission. Materials and Methods: The membrane potential of cells and the amplitude of evoked synaptic responses were measured with intracellular recordings. The larval Drosophila neuromuscular junction was used as a glutamatergic synaptic model. Results: LPS depressed synaptic transmission in a dose-dependent manner. LPS blocked the glutamate receptors while hyperpolarizing the postsynaptic cell. LPS induced hyperpolarization desensitized the cell to the effects of subsequent exposures to LPS. The responses from repeating short one minute exposures to LPS with 5 min of removal and washing with saline were reproducible over three trials. Over twenty minutes of incubation with LPS, the muscle fibers depolarized and did not recover with the removal of LPS as well as the glutamatergic synaptic responses. Conclusion: LPS directly blocks glutamatergic synaptic transmission. Cells can recover from rapid exposures to LPS within 1 min. Longer than 5 min of LPS exposure produces long term irreversible effects. Additive effects with low to higher concentrations of LPS occur. The mechanism of LPS hyperpolarizing skeletal muscle is unknown but occurs in larval Drosophila muscle.
{"title":"Repetitive Exposure to Bacterial Endotoxin LPS Alters Synaptic Transmission","authors":"Oscar Istas, Abigail Greenhalgh, R. Cooper","doi":"10.3923/jpt.2020.65.72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/jpt.2020.65.72","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Gram-negative bacteria produce and release endotoxins in the form of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which can have direct effects on neural synaptic communication. Since the effects of acute repetitive exposures of LPS have not been fully addressed previously, the objective of this study was to investigate the repetitive effects of acute applications of LPS on synaptic transmission. Materials and Methods: The membrane potential of cells and the amplitude of evoked synaptic responses were measured with intracellular recordings. The larval Drosophila neuromuscular junction was used as a glutamatergic synaptic model. Results: LPS depressed synaptic transmission in a dose-dependent manner. LPS blocked the glutamate receptors while hyperpolarizing the postsynaptic cell. LPS induced hyperpolarization desensitized the cell to the effects of subsequent exposures to LPS. The responses from repeating short one minute exposures to LPS with 5 min of removal and washing with saline were reproducible over three trials. Over twenty minutes of incubation with LPS, the muscle fibers depolarized and did not recover with the removal of LPS as well as the glutamatergic synaptic responses. Conclusion: LPS directly blocks glutamatergic synaptic transmission. Cells can recover from rapid exposures to LPS within 1 min. Longer than 5 min of LPS exposure produces long term irreversible effects. Additive effects with low to higher concentrations of LPS occur. The mechanism of LPS hyperpolarizing skeletal muscle is unknown but occurs in larval Drosophila muscle.","PeriodicalId":16816,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology","volume":"199 1","pages":"65-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75955920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Neuromodulatory Influences of Nutraceuticals on D-galactose Induced Hippocampal Neuronal Metabolic Dysfunction Model","authors":"Marwa A Masoud, Omar A. Ahmed-Fari, Hanan A. Rizk","doi":"10.3923/jpt.2020.44.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/jpt.2020.44.57","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16816,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology","volume":"1 1","pages":"44-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88844895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Kabiru, U. Aminu, Y. Musa, M. Abubakaar, S. Hassan, A. Suleiman, Rabiu Tijani Gia, A. Tanko
{"title":"Sedative and Anti-convulsant Effects of the Stem Bark Extract of Combretum hypopilinum in Laboratory Animals","authors":"A. Kabiru, U. Aminu, Y. Musa, M. Abubakaar, S. Hassan, A. Suleiman, Rabiu Tijani Gia, A. Tanko","doi":"10.3923/jpt.2020.58.64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/jpt.2020.58.64","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16816,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology","volume":"6 1","pages":"58-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83566389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Sarmiento, IvonneTorres, C. Ríos, Julian Salazar, Andrea Baracaldo, Jorge Zambrano, German Ramírez-Forero, Diego Hernández, Luisa Pérez, Diana Castaño, H. Díez
Background and Objectives: Colombia does not produce fabotherapic antivenoms, the aim of current study was comparison of the neutralization of Bothrops asper venom from Atlantic and Andean region with 2 experimental monovalent antivenoms. Materials and Methods: The protein of the venom and antivenoms was quantified by absorbance at 280 nm and characterized by SDS-PAGE. The protein profile venoms were performed by RT-HPLC. It was calculated LD50 for the venoms and ED50 for the antivenoms, using Prism-statMate. An immunization scheme of 3 months was conducted in equine using Andean venom. The complete IgG antivenom was produced with caprylic acid, while the fabotherapic F(ab’)2 antivenom with pepsin. Both antivenoms were tested with Andean venom and Atlantic venom. Electrophoresis was conducted to verify the antivenoms by weight. Results: The protein was 11.5 mg/mL to Andean venom and 13.4 mg/mL to Atlantic venom. The SDS-PAGE showed bands of 15-20 kDa for both venoms. The LD50 to Andean venom was 2.8 and 2.3 mg/kg to Atlantic venom. The RT-HPLC showed similar protein fractions at first 40 min in both venoms. The protein for IgG was 9.8 mg/mL, while for F(ab’)2 it was 11.2 mg/mL. The SDS-PAGE showed bands of 130-200 kDa for IgG whyle of 94-150 kDa for F(ab’)2. The ED50 with Atlantic venom was 1.4 mg/mL using IgG and 1.75 mg/mL using F(ab’)2. The ED50 with Andean venom was 1.6 mg/mL using IgG and 1.9 mg/mL using F(ab’)2. Conclusion: Both antivenoms were efficient to neutralize the venom of Andean and Atlantic venom, without significant differences.
{"title":"Comparison of Neutralization of Two Experimental Monovalent Antivenoms of Colombia's Bothrops asper from Different Localities","authors":"K. Sarmiento, IvonneTorres, C. Ríos, Julian Salazar, Andrea Baracaldo, Jorge Zambrano, German Ramírez-Forero, Diego Hernández, Luisa Pérez, Diana Castaño, H. Díez","doi":"10.3923/jpt.2020.8.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/jpt.2020.8.15","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objectives: Colombia does not produce fabotherapic antivenoms, the aim of current study was comparison of the neutralization of Bothrops asper venom from Atlantic and Andean region with 2 experimental monovalent antivenoms. Materials and Methods: The protein of the venom and antivenoms was quantified by absorbance at 280 nm and characterized by SDS-PAGE. The protein profile venoms were performed by RT-HPLC. It was calculated LD50 for the venoms and ED50 for the antivenoms, using Prism-statMate. An immunization scheme of 3 months was conducted in equine using Andean venom. The complete IgG antivenom was produced with caprylic acid, while the fabotherapic F(ab’)2 antivenom with pepsin. Both antivenoms were tested with Andean venom and Atlantic venom. Electrophoresis was conducted to verify the antivenoms by weight. Results: The protein was 11.5 mg/mL to Andean venom and 13.4 mg/mL to Atlantic venom. The SDS-PAGE showed bands of 15-20 kDa for both venoms. The LD50 to Andean venom was 2.8 and 2.3 mg/kg to Atlantic venom. The RT-HPLC showed similar protein fractions at first 40 min in both venoms. The protein for IgG was 9.8 mg/mL, while for F(ab’)2 it was 11.2 mg/mL. The SDS-PAGE showed bands of 130-200 kDa for IgG whyle of 94-150 kDa for F(ab’)2. The ED50 with Atlantic venom was 1.4 mg/mL using IgG and 1.75 mg/mL using F(ab’)2. The ED50 with Andean venom was 1.6 mg/mL using IgG and 1.9 mg/mL using F(ab’)2. Conclusion: Both antivenoms were efficient to neutralize the venom of Andean and Atlantic venom, without significant differences.","PeriodicalId":16816,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology","volume":"68 1","pages":"8-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85210520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Yakubu, E. Ojogbane, Michael Sunday Abu, Christopher Shaibu, Winner Emmanuel Ayegba
{"title":"Haematinic Effects of Ethanol Extract of Ficus sur Leaves on Diethylnitrosamine-induced Toxicity in Wistar Rats","authors":"O. Yakubu, E. Ojogbane, Michael Sunday Abu, Christopher Shaibu, Winner Emmanuel Ayegba","doi":"10.3923/jpt.2020.16.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/jpt.2020.16.21","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16816,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology","volume":"46 1","pages":"16-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88824968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Yakubu, C. Imo, Christopher Shaibu, John Akighir, D. Ameh
{"title":"Effects of Ethanolic Leaf and Stem-bark Extracts of Adansonia digitata in Alloxan-induced Diabetic Wistar Rats","authors":"O. Yakubu, C. Imo, Christopher Shaibu, John Akighir, D. Ameh","doi":"10.3923/jpt.2020.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/jpt.2020.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16816,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology","volume":"30 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88067475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Goze Nomane Ber, N. Oussou, guessa, L KouakouKouakou, Koko Kouam eacu, Yapo Angou eacu
{"title":"Curative Effect of Terminalia superba Engl. and Diels (Combretaceae) Trunk Bark on Paracetamol-induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats","authors":"Goze Nomane Ber, N. Oussou, guessa, L KouakouKouakou, Koko Kouam eacu, Yapo Angou eacu","doi":"10.3923/jpt.2020.36.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/jpt.2020.36.43","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16816,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology","volume":"8 1","pages":"36-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89971764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sjaikhurrizal El Muttaqi, E. Mardliyati, S. Rahmani, S. Pambudi, S. Maimunah, Ziah Izati Azki, Nurmeilis, A. Sulfianti, J. Efendi, Damai Ria Setyaw, Asutiati Nurhasanah, I. Faizal
{"title":"Intraperitoneal Acute Toxicity of Aluminum Hydroxide Nanoparticle as an Adjuvant Vaccine Candidate in Mice","authors":"Sjaikhurrizal El Muttaqi, E. Mardliyati, S. Rahmani, S. Pambudi, S. Maimunah, Ziah Izati Azki, Nurmeilis, A. Sulfianti, J. Efendi, Damai Ria Setyaw, Asutiati Nurhasanah, I. Faizal","doi":"10.3923/jpt.2020.22.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/jpt.2020.22.35","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16816,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology","volume":"10 1","pages":"22-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72672462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Acute and Sub-acute Toxicity Studies of a Patented Anti-anxiety Poly Herbal Formulation","authors":"C. Duraipandi, Settu Dinesh Kumar, M. Rajanandh","doi":"10.3923/JPT.2019.9.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/JPT.2019.9.17","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16816,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77264591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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