Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.21608/jppp.2023.226570.1164
Abdelnaeem Fahmy, R. O. H. Allam, Eman G. Ibrahim
{"title":"Silver Nanoparticles as a New Trend for Controlling Subterranean Termite, Psammotermes hypostoma Desneux in Qena Region, Egypt","authors":"Abdelnaeem Fahmy, R. O. H. Allam, Eman G. Ibrahim","doi":"10.21608/jppp.2023.226570.1164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jppp.2023.226570.1164","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16820,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139293131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-22DOI: 10.21608/jppp.2023.227640.1168
S. Awadalla, A. Hashem, A. Abdel-Hady, E. Elsayed
{"title":"Stored Grain Preference of the Red Flour Beetle Tribolium castaneum (Tenebrionidae: Coleoptera)","authors":"S. Awadalla, A. Hashem, A. Abdel-Hady, E. Elsayed","doi":"10.21608/jppp.2023.227640.1168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jppp.2023.227640.1168","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16820,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90479235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-22DOI: 10.21608/jppp.2023.222543.1160
M. Hegab
{"title":"Population Dynamics of the Soft-scale Insect, Kilifia Acuminata (SIGN.) (HEMIPTERA: COCCIDAE) on Mango Trees at Sharkia Governorate","authors":"M. Hegab","doi":"10.21608/jppp.2023.222543.1160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jppp.2023.222543.1160","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16820,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72703356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-19DOI: 10.21608/jppp.2023.227527.1167
S. Awadalla, A. Abdel-Hady, A. Hashem, E. Elsayed, Cross Mark
The red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum , is an important pest in wheat and maize mills. The goal of this study to determine the level of risk via examining the survival rate, oviposition, and development phases of this pest. The shortest development durations were recorded when the larvae reared on the whole wheat flour followed by wheat flour without bran (22.8±0.31 and 24.7±0.32 days, respectively). The longest development durations were recorded when larvae reared on corn flour without bran followed by bran only (31.1±0.28 and 31.5±0.34 days, respectively). The highest larval survival rate was 95% when larvae reared on whole wheat flour, whereas the lowest one was 94% when larval reared on both of flour without bran and bran only. Meanwhile the lowest survival rates were 84% and 83% when larvae reared on corn flour without bran and bran only, respectively. The longest oviposition period was recorded on wheat flour without bran (280.5±5.70 days). The adult longevity was the longest on wheat flour without bran. The number of progeny produced by the first generation was higher on whole flour than flour without bran. The large differences between the various flour types suggest varying levels of risk by insect infestation. Understanding What insect diets successfully used is essential for creating management measures as customer interest in these alternative flours grows and they become more common in food facilities.
{"title":"Influence of the Wheat and Corn Flour Types on the Biological Parameters on the Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)","authors":"S. Awadalla, A. Abdel-Hady, A. Hashem, E. Elsayed, Cross Mark","doi":"10.21608/jppp.2023.227527.1167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jppp.2023.227527.1167","url":null,"abstract":"The red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum , is an important pest in wheat and maize mills. The goal of this study to determine the level of risk via examining the survival rate, oviposition, and development phases of this pest. The shortest development durations were recorded when the larvae reared on the whole wheat flour followed by wheat flour without bran (22.8±0.31 and 24.7±0.32 days, respectively). The longest development durations were recorded when larvae reared on corn flour without bran followed by bran only (31.1±0.28 and 31.5±0.34 days, respectively). The highest larval survival rate was 95% when larvae reared on whole wheat flour, whereas the lowest one was 94% when larval reared on both of flour without bran and bran only. Meanwhile the lowest survival rates were 84% and 83% when larvae reared on corn flour without bran and bran only, respectively. The longest oviposition period was recorded on wheat flour without bran (280.5±5.70 days). The adult longevity was the longest on wheat flour without bran. The number of progeny produced by the first generation was higher on whole flour than flour without bran. The large differences between the various flour types suggest varying levels of risk by insect infestation. Understanding What insect diets successfully used is essential for creating management measures as customer interest in these alternative flours grows and they become more common in food facilities.","PeriodicalId":16820,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79329730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-09DOI: 10.21608/jppp.2023.216886.1157
A. El-Sayd, M. Ghazy, Noha Lokma, Cross Mark
Studies disclosed that insecticide and molluscicidal activity of fungus, Trichoderma yunnanense against the green peach aphid insect, Myzus persicae and Monacha cartusiana snail (Müller), respectively using dipping and spraying techniques. Data showed that T. yunnanense metabolites was the most impact compound followed with T. yunnanense spore suspension against insect, M. persicae compared to Bioranza and Sumithion. In the contrary, results reported that T. yunnanense spore suspension was the most impact compound followed, with T. yunnanense metabolites versus juveniles and adults of M. cartusiana snail compared methomyl pesticide beneath laboratory conditions. Moreover, datum indicated that the residual impact on reduction percentages next 21days were (19.15& 33.08%) for T. yunnanense spore suspension at concentrations (10 6 & 10 8 spore/ml), respectively and (54.70& 85.71%) for methomyl pesticide at concentrations (1&2%), respectively using spraying technique under field conditions. Furthermore, studies showed that fungal, T. yunnanense ( 10 8 spore/ml) was existence after 3 days and disappearance after 7 days using spray application in a field cultivated with lettuce compared control. Also, data reported that changes in activity of AST and ALT enzymes in adults of tested insect and snail treated with fungus, T. yunnanense spore suspension. At concentration 10 8 was very high decrease in AST and ALT enzyme compared to control recording (-76.57, - 49.44, -38.06 %) and (-41.14, -21.75, -15.30 %) of AST enzyme (-26.35, - 49.30, -70.42 %) and (-28.42, -55.88, -90.56%) of ALT enzyme of M. persicae and M. cartusiana, respectively . Finally, T. yunnanense was identified by using 18s rRNA and its accession OQ659412.
{"title":"Control of the Green Peach Aphid Insect, Myzus persicae and the Glassy Clover Snail, Monacha cartusiana (Müller) by using Fungus, Trichoderma yunnanense as a Safe Alternative to Pesticides and its Effect on Aminotransferase Enzymes Activity","authors":"A. El-Sayd, M. Ghazy, Noha Lokma, Cross Mark","doi":"10.21608/jppp.2023.216886.1157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jppp.2023.216886.1157","url":null,"abstract":"Studies disclosed that insecticide and molluscicidal activity of fungus, Trichoderma yunnanense against the green peach aphid insect, Myzus persicae and Monacha cartusiana snail (Müller), respectively using dipping and spraying techniques. Data showed that T. yunnanense metabolites was the most impact compound followed with T. yunnanense spore suspension against insect, M. persicae compared to Bioranza and Sumithion. In the contrary, results reported that T. yunnanense spore suspension was the most impact compound followed, with T. yunnanense metabolites versus juveniles and adults of M. cartusiana snail compared methomyl pesticide beneath laboratory conditions. Moreover, datum indicated that the residual impact on reduction percentages next 21days were (19.15& 33.08%) for T. yunnanense spore suspension at concentrations (10 6 & 10 8 spore/ml), respectively and (54.70& 85.71%) for methomyl pesticide at concentrations (1&2%), respectively using spraying technique under field conditions. Furthermore, studies showed that fungal, T. yunnanense ( 10 8 spore/ml) was existence after 3 days and disappearance after 7 days using spray application in a field cultivated with lettuce compared control. Also, data reported that changes in activity of AST and ALT enzymes in adults of tested insect and snail treated with fungus, T. yunnanense spore suspension. At concentration 10 8 was very high decrease in AST and ALT enzyme compared to control recording (-76.57, - 49.44, -38.06 %) and (-41.14, -21.75, -15.30 %) of AST enzyme (-26.35, - 49.30, -70.42 %) and (-28.42, -55.88, -90.56%) of ALT enzyme of M. persicae and M. cartusiana, respectively . Finally, T. yunnanense was identified by using 18s rRNA and its accession OQ659412.","PeriodicalId":16820,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77284071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-07DOI: 10.21608/jppp.2023.213974.1154
A. El-Aziz, Cross Mark
Many economically important crops are infected with phytoplasmas, which are obligatory bacteria that do not contain a cell wall and cause great losses in crops around the world. Little information is known about the mechanisms of phytoplasma interaction with the host plants including sesame , especially on the quantity and quality of seeds’ oil. Therefore, to study the effect of phytoplasma on the anatomical structure of different plant organs, , especially the capsules that contain oil-producing seeds. Samples were collected from the healthy and infected plants, which showed symptoms of phyllody, and cross sections were made in the stem, leaf and capsule. Results indicated that the thickness of the stem as well as the leaf was increased, mainly due to the increase in proportions of the vascular bundles. In the capsule, on the other hand, the pericarp shrank, the false septum dissolved in the ovary, and leaves formed instead of seeds inside the capsule. The obtained results provide a better insight on the effect of phytoplasmaon the anatomical structure of the host plant, for exploring effective ways to control the disease.
{"title":"Effect of the Phytoplasma on Anatomical Characteristics of Sesame","authors":"A. El-Aziz, Cross Mark","doi":"10.21608/jppp.2023.213974.1154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jppp.2023.213974.1154","url":null,"abstract":"Many economically important crops are infected with phytoplasmas, which are obligatory bacteria that do not contain a cell wall and cause great losses in crops around the world. Little information is known about the mechanisms of phytoplasma interaction with the host plants including sesame , especially on the quantity and quality of seeds’ oil. Therefore, to study the effect of phytoplasma on the anatomical structure of different plant organs, , especially the capsules that contain oil-producing seeds. Samples were collected from the healthy and infected plants, which showed symptoms of phyllody, and cross sections were made in the stem, leaf and capsule. Results indicated that the thickness of the stem as well as the leaf was increased, mainly due to the increase in proportions of the vascular bundles. In the capsule, on the other hand, the pericarp shrank, the false septum dissolved in the ovary, and leaves formed instead of seeds inside the capsule. The obtained results provide a better insight on the effect of phytoplasmaon the anatomical structure of the host plant, for exploring effective ways to control the disease.","PeriodicalId":16820,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84508358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-07DOI: 10.21608/jppp.2023.226460.1165
Elhari Mohamed, E. Elsherbiny, M. Hamada
Currently strawberry is considered essential strategic crop in Egypt as it has great economic value. Grey mould disease, which caused mainly by Botrytis cinerea , is a serious disease significantly reduces strawberry production globally. Protective fungicides considered essential tool in management strategies. Recently, fungicides ineffectiveness observed widely in many countries. Therefore, this investigation carried out to test the sensitivity of 311 isolates of Botrytis cinerea collected between 2019 and 2021 from strawberry open fields in Egypt's major strawberry-producing governorates (Beheira, Ismailia, Qalyubie, and Dakahlia) to diethofencarb, iprodione and carbendazim. The isolates were tested to distinguish resistant isolates and determine the EC 50 values for sensitive and resistant isolates. The results showed that 7.4, 37.94 and 93.77% of the isolates found to be resistant to diethofencarb, iprodione and carbendazim, respectively. During the 2019 and 2021, resistance frequencies among B. cinerea isolates significantly increased, rising from 91.91% to 96% for carbendazim, from 10.29% to 16% for diethofencarb, and from 22.79% to 59% for iprodione. The mean EC 50 values for the sensitive isolates were 0.021, 0.027 and 0.0548µg/ml, while the mean EC 50 values for the resistant isolates were 141.06, 24.94 and 0.7161 µg/ml for carbendazim, diethofencarb and iprodione, respectively. There were little variations in osmotic sensitivity to NaCl between iprodione sensitive and resistant isolates. All carbendazim resistant isolates detected were sensitive to diethofencarb except three isolates showed dual resistance to diethofencarb and carbendazim.
{"title":"Sensitivity of Botrytis Cinerea Isolates Collected from Strawberry to Carbendazim, Diethofencarb and Iprodione","authors":"Elhari Mohamed, E. Elsherbiny, M. Hamada","doi":"10.21608/jppp.2023.226460.1165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jppp.2023.226460.1165","url":null,"abstract":"Currently strawberry is considered essential strategic crop in Egypt as it has great economic value. Grey mould disease, which caused mainly by Botrytis cinerea , is a serious disease significantly reduces strawberry production globally. Protective fungicides considered essential tool in management strategies. Recently, fungicides ineffectiveness observed widely in many countries. Therefore, this investigation carried out to test the sensitivity of 311 isolates of Botrytis cinerea collected between 2019 and 2021 from strawberry open fields in Egypt's major strawberry-producing governorates (Beheira, Ismailia, Qalyubie, and Dakahlia) to diethofencarb, iprodione and carbendazim. The isolates were tested to distinguish resistant isolates and determine the EC 50 values for sensitive and resistant isolates. The results showed that 7.4, 37.94 and 93.77% of the isolates found to be resistant to diethofencarb, iprodione and carbendazim, respectively. During the 2019 and 2021, resistance frequencies among B. cinerea isolates significantly increased, rising from 91.91% to 96% for carbendazim, from 10.29% to 16% for diethofencarb, and from 22.79% to 59% for iprodione. The mean EC 50 values for the sensitive isolates were 0.021, 0.027 and 0.0548µg/ml, while the mean EC 50 values for the resistant isolates were 141.06, 24.94 and 0.7161 µg/ml for carbendazim, diethofencarb and iprodione, respectively. There were little variations in osmotic sensitivity to NaCl between iprodione sensitive and resistant isolates. All carbendazim resistant isolates detected were sensitive to diethofencarb except three isolates showed dual resistance to diethofencarb and carbendazim.","PeriodicalId":16820,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77273145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.21608/jppp.2023.221680.1159
S. Hussein, M. E. EL-Sergany, M. Kady, M. Hamada, Cross Mark
Egypt is among the top five countries in strawberry production and leads the Arab world in both production and exportation. More than five thousand hectares of land in Egypt are used to grow strawberries. Fusarium wilt in strawberries caused by Fusarium oxysporum can severely decrease production. The essential strategy to control the disease is the application of protective fungicides. Recently, the fungicides commonly used to control the disease lost their efficiency due to the emergency of resistant populations. The current study aims to detect resistance frequency to QoI fungicides azoxystrobin and trifloxystrobin in addition to finding an appropriate control strategy. 113 F. oxysporum isolates were collected from four main strawberry-producing governorates (Beheira, Ismailia, Dakahlia and Qalyubia) and subjected to bioassay assessment. The results showed that among 113 isolates collected, only 42 (37.2%) isolates were resistant to azoxystrobin while 36 (31.9%) isolates were resistant to trifloxystrobin. EC 50 of azoxystrobin and trifloxystrobin were determined for a set of sensitive and resistant isolates using the mycelial growth inhibition technique. The EC 50 mean value for azoxystrobin-sensitive isolates was 0.0209 µg/ml while, the EC 50 mean value for azoxystrobin-resistant isolates was 0.4544 µg/ml. For trifloxystrobin, the EC 50 mean value for sensitive isolates was 0.0174 µg/ml, while the EC 50 mean value for resistant isolates was 0.2232 µg/ml. The combination of tebuconazole 50% and trifloxystrobin 25% tested with two concentrations 10 and 100 µg/ml showed high ability in the management of azoxystrobin and trifloxystrobin-resistant isolates and exhibited 100% mycelial growth inhibition.
{"title":"Sensitivity of Fusarium oxsporum Isolates Collected from Strawberry Rots to QoI Fungicides Azoxystrobin and Trifloxystrobin","authors":"S. Hussein, M. E. EL-Sergany, M. Kady, M. Hamada, Cross Mark","doi":"10.21608/jppp.2023.221680.1159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jppp.2023.221680.1159","url":null,"abstract":"Egypt is among the top five countries in strawberry production and leads the Arab world in both production and exportation. More than five thousand hectares of land in Egypt are used to grow strawberries. Fusarium wilt in strawberries caused by Fusarium oxysporum can severely decrease production. The essential strategy to control the disease is the application of protective fungicides. Recently, the fungicides commonly used to control the disease lost their efficiency due to the emergency of resistant populations. The current study aims to detect resistance frequency to QoI fungicides azoxystrobin and trifloxystrobin in addition to finding an appropriate control strategy. 113 F. oxysporum isolates were collected from four main strawberry-producing governorates (Beheira, Ismailia, Dakahlia and Qalyubia) and subjected to bioassay assessment. The results showed that among 113 isolates collected, only 42 (37.2%) isolates were resistant to azoxystrobin while 36 (31.9%) isolates were resistant to trifloxystrobin. EC 50 of azoxystrobin and trifloxystrobin were determined for a set of sensitive and resistant isolates using the mycelial growth inhibition technique. The EC 50 mean value for azoxystrobin-sensitive isolates was 0.0209 µg/ml while, the EC 50 mean value for azoxystrobin-resistant isolates was 0.4544 µg/ml. For trifloxystrobin, the EC 50 mean value for sensitive isolates was 0.0174 µg/ml, while the EC 50 mean value for resistant isolates was 0.2232 µg/ml. The combination of tebuconazole 50% and trifloxystrobin 25% tested with two concentrations 10 and 100 µg/ml showed high ability in the management of azoxystrobin and trifloxystrobin-resistant isolates and exhibited 100% mycelial growth inhibition.","PeriodicalId":16820,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85678770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-25DOI: 10.21608/jppp.2023.208009.1146
T. Abdelbaset, K. Sakr, A. Al Shorbagy, A. Elsisi
Citrus Excortis Viroid (CEVd) is California's first viroid disease described on citrus trees in 1948. It is the largest viroid of citrus with 371 nucleotides. The disease causes distinguished symptoms of bark scaling on rootstocks of citrus trees grafted onto trifoliate rootstocks causing severe stunting of trees grafted on these rootstocks. The use of indicator host plants for CEVd detection had been successful using clean matured fresh cuttings of specific indicators (Etrog lemon, Volkameriana lemon), which were grafted with the infected plants and cultured in plastic bags after a short dipping in IBA solution for 10 sec. Ideal clear symptoms were observed 18 days after grafted inoculation on new growing leaves of unique indicators. The obtained results of the biological indexing trail were confirmed using RT-PCR and transmission assays using some hosts such as Solanum melongena, Piper nigrum , Gynura auranisa and Solanum esculentum (Castel rock) with infectious sap. Results showed that cold treatment at 4 °C for 6 months companies with chemotherapy with 10, 20 and 30 mg/L Virazol and thiouracil gave plants free-viroid. viroid infection was reduced by using the highest concentrations of Virazol and thiouracil at 30 mg/L reaching 80 and 55%, respectively. The recovered plants were examined by RT-PCR. Cold therapy treatment and chemotherapy are effective and attractive techniques for eradicating CEVd from citrus trees in Egypt. Virazol has the greatest effect on the elimination of viroid because the viroid-free percentages by Virazol were higher than those obtained using thiouracil.
{"title":"Combination of Cold Therapy and Chemotherapy for Eradication of Citrus exocortis Viroid","authors":"T. Abdelbaset, K. Sakr, A. Al Shorbagy, A. Elsisi","doi":"10.21608/jppp.2023.208009.1146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jppp.2023.208009.1146","url":null,"abstract":"Citrus Excortis Viroid (CEVd) is California's first viroid disease described on citrus trees in 1948. It is the largest viroid of citrus with 371 nucleotides. The disease causes distinguished symptoms of bark scaling on rootstocks of citrus trees grafted onto trifoliate rootstocks causing severe stunting of trees grafted on these rootstocks. The use of indicator host plants for CEVd detection had been successful using clean matured fresh cuttings of specific indicators (Etrog lemon, Volkameriana lemon), which were grafted with the infected plants and cultured in plastic bags after a short dipping in IBA solution for 10 sec. Ideal clear symptoms were observed 18 days after grafted inoculation on new growing leaves of unique indicators. The obtained results of the biological indexing trail were confirmed using RT-PCR and transmission assays using some hosts such as Solanum melongena, Piper nigrum , Gynura auranisa and Solanum esculentum (Castel rock) with infectious sap. Results showed that cold treatment at 4 °C for 6 months companies with chemotherapy with 10, 20 and 30 mg/L Virazol and thiouracil gave plants free-viroid. viroid infection was reduced by using the highest concentrations of Virazol and thiouracil at 30 mg/L reaching 80 and 55%, respectively. The recovered plants were examined by RT-PCR. Cold therapy treatment and chemotherapy are effective and attractive techniques for eradicating CEVd from citrus trees in Egypt. Virazol has the greatest effect on the elimination of viroid because the viroid-free percentages by Virazol were higher than those obtained using thiouracil.","PeriodicalId":16820,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77426286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.21608/jppp.2023.209592.1148
H. Rashed
The present laboratory study focused on studying the biology of a recent invasive insect pest in Egypt, fall armyworm; Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on leaves of two host plants, maize and castor bean. This pest species has recently invaded Egyptian fields causing unexpected damage to maize crop, so, biology of S. frugiperda was studied under laboratory conditions to estimate its larval instar durations, total larval period, pupal weight, pupal duration, adult emergence%, sex ratio, male and female longevity and fecundity. Obtained results showed that mean incubation period of egg were 2.75 and 3.06 days, while larval durations were 16.26 and 22.03 days and pupal duration lasted 9.93 and 10.40 days, respectively, after rearing on maize and castor bean leaves, respectively. Means of total egg production were 1836.67 and 1562.33 eggs/female by rearing on these two hosts, respectively. Pre-oviposition; oviposition and post-oviposition periods were 3.36, 6.77 and 2.20 days, for females fed during larval stage on maize leaves, opposed to 4.97, 5.80 and 2.50 days when reared on castor bean leaves. Adult longevities were longer by feeding larvae on castor bean leaves than on maize leaves. Also, results indicated that FAW growth indices were higher by feeding on maize leaves than on castor bean leaves. So for rearing S. frugiperda , maize leaves may be used as preferred, but castor bean leaves can be also, successfully used in case of the absence of the former host plant.
{"title":"Biology, Host Selection Behavior and Growth Indices of Invasive Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Two Host Plants under Laboratory Conditions","authors":"H. Rashed","doi":"10.21608/jppp.2023.209592.1148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jppp.2023.209592.1148","url":null,"abstract":"The present laboratory study focused on studying the biology of a recent invasive insect pest in Egypt, fall armyworm; Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on leaves of two host plants, maize and castor bean. This pest species has recently invaded Egyptian fields causing unexpected damage to maize crop, so, biology of S. frugiperda was studied under laboratory conditions to estimate its larval instar durations, total larval period, pupal weight, pupal duration, adult emergence%, sex ratio, male and female longevity and fecundity. Obtained results showed that mean incubation period of egg were 2.75 and 3.06 days, while larval durations were 16.26 and 22.03 days and pupal duration lasted 9.93 and 10.40 days, respectively, after rearing on maize and castor bean leaves, respectively. Means of total egg production were 1836.67 and 1562.33 eggs/female by rearing on these two hosts, respectively. Pre-oviposition; oviposition and post-oviposition periods were 3.36, 6.77 and 2.20 days, for females fed during larval stage on maize leaves, opposed to 4.97, 5.80 and 2.50 days when reared on castor bean leaves. Adult longevities were longer by feeding larvae on castor bean leaves than on maize leaves. Also, results indicated that FAW growth indices were higher by feeding on maize leaves than on castor bean leaves. So for rearing S. frugiperda , maize leaves may be used as preferred, but castor bean leaves can be also, successfully used in case of the absence of the former host plant.","PeriodicalId":16820,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84219445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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