Pub Date : 2024-05-06DOI: 10.1088/1361-6455/ad41c1
P B Blakie
We investigate the superfluid fraction of crystalline stationary states within the framework of mean-field Gross–Pitaevskii theory. Our primary focus is on a two-dimensional Bose–Einstein condensate with a non-local soft-core interaction, where the superfluid fraction is described by a rank-2 tensor. We then calculate the superfluid fraction tensor for crystalline states exhibiting triangular, square, and stripe geometries across a broad range of interaction parameters. Factors leading to an anisotropic superfluid fraction tensor are also considered. We also refine the Leggett bounds for the superfluid fraction of the 2D system. We systematically compare these bounds to our full numerical results, and other results in the literature. This work is of direct relevance to other supersolid systems of current interest, such as supersolids produced using dipolar Bose–Einstein condensates.
{"title":"Superfluid fraction tensor of a two-dimensional supersolid","authors":"P B Blakie","doi":"10.1088/1361-6455/ad41c1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6455/ad41c1","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate the superfluid fraction of crystalline stationary states within the framework of mean-field Gross–Pitaevskii theory. Our primary focus is on a two-dimensional Bose–Einstein condensate with a non-local soft-core interaction, where the superfluid fraction is described by a rank-2 tensor. We then calculate the superfluid fraction tensor for crystalline states exhibiting triangular, square, and stripe geometries across a broad range of interaction parameters. Factors leading to an anisotropic superfluid fraction tensor are also considered. We also refine the Leggett bounds for the superfluid fraction of the 2D system. We systematically compare these bounds to our full numerical results, and other results in the literature. This work is of direct relevance to other supersolid systems of current interest, such as supersolids produced using dipolar Bose–Einstein condensates.","PeriodicalId":16826,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140886472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-25DOI: 10.1088/1361-6455/ad38a9
K A Beyer and N S Oreshkina
In an attempt to address the long-standing fine-structure puzzle in heavy muonic atoms we investigate the magnetic interaction between a nucleus and its bound muon. A simple estimate shows that the effect is only noticeable for unrealistic nuclear parameters. A further investigation as to the relation of this effect to nuclear polarisation (NP) identifies the interaction as the magnetic dipole part of NP. Motivated by the relative closeness of this simple estimate to rigorous evaluations of NP, we extract effective values for the nuclear magnetic polarisability, a quantity otherwise unknown for all but the lightest nuclei.
{"title":"Muon-induced nuclear magnetic moments in spinless muonic atoms: a simple estimate","authors":"K A Beyer and N S Oreshkina","doi":"10.1088/1361-6455/ad38a9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6455/ad38a9","url":null,"abstract":"In an attempt to address the long-standing fine-structure puzzle in heavy muonic atoms we investigate the magnetic interaction between a nucleus and its bound muon. A simple estimate shows that the effect is only noticeable for unrealistic nuclear parameters. A further investigation as to the relation of this effect to nuclear polarisation (NP) identifies the interaction as the magnetic dipole part of NP. Motivated by the relative closeness of this simple estimate to rigorous evaluations of NP, we extract effective values for the nuclear magnetic polarisability, a quantity otherwise unknown for all but the lightest nuclei.","PeriodicalId":16826,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140802211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-21DOI: 10.1088/1361-6455/ad38f1
Takuya Hatomura
Shortcuts to adiabaticity guide given systems to final destinations of adiabatic control via fast tracks. Various methods have been proposed as shortcuts to adiabaticity. The basic theory of shortcuts to adiabaticity was established in the 2010s, but it has still been developing and many fundamental findings have been reported. In this topical review, we give a pedagogical introduction to the theory of shortcuts to adiabaticity and revisit relations between different methods. Some versatile approximations in counterdiabatic driving, which is one of the methods of shortcuts to adiabaticity, will be explained in detail. We also summarize the recent progress in studies of shortcuts to adiabaticity.
{"title":"Shortcuts to adiabaticity: theoretical framework, relations between different methods, and versatile approximations","authors":"Takuya Hatomura","doi":"10.1088/1361-6455/ad38f1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6455/ad38f1","url":null,"abstract":"Shortcuts to adiabaticity guide given systems to final destinations of adiabatic control via fast tracks. Various methods have been proposed as shortcuts to adiabaticity. The basic theory of shortcuts to adiabaticity was established in the 2010s, but it has still been developing and many fundamental findings have been reported. In this topical review, we give a pedagogical introduction to the theory of shortcuts to adiabaticity and revisit relations between different methods. Some versatile approximations in counterdiabatic driving, which is one of the methods of shortcuts to adiabaticity, will be explained in detail. We also summarize the recent progress in studies of shortcuts to adiabaticity.","PeriodicalId":16826,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140802441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-11DOI: 10.1088/1361-6455/ad3600
Marc Vrakking
Attosecond physics is a novel research field that pursues a better understanding of electron dynamics in atoms, molecules and condensed matter by means of pump-probe experiments where the motion of electrons are tracked with attosecond (1 as = 10−18 s) time resolution. The 2023 Physics Nobel Prize was awarded to three experimental pioneers of the field, who developed the key methods to generate and characterize attosecond pulses.
阿秒物理学是一个新颖的研究领域，通过泵浦探针实验，以阿秒（1 as = 10-18 s）的时间分辨率跟踪电子运动，从而更好地了解原子、分子和凝聚态物质中的电子动力学。2023 年诺贝尔物理学奖授予了该领域的三位实验先驱，他们开发了产生和表征阿秒脉冲的关键方法。
{"title":"Faster than a speeding bullet—the 2023 Physics Nobel Prize","authors":"Marc Vrakking","doi":"10.1088/1361-6455/ad3600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6455/ad3600","url":null,"abstract":"Attosecond physics is a novel research field that pursues a better understanding of electron dynamics in atoms, molecules and condensed matter by means of pump-probe experiments where the motion of electrons are tracked with attosecond (1 as = 10<sup>−18</sup> s) time resolution. The 2023 Physics Nobel Prize was awarded to three experimental pioneers of the field, who developed the key methods to generate and characterize attosecond pulses.","PeriodicalId":16826,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140611511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.1088/1361-6455/ad31ad
I Orban, S Mahmood, T Fritjof, E Lindroth, C Z Dong, J l Rui, L Y Xie, R Schuch
Measurements of electron-impact excitation and recombination rate coefficients of highly charged Si and S ions at the Stockholm electron beam ion trap are reported. The experimental method was a combination of photon detection from the trapped ions during probing and subsequently extraction and time-of-flight (TOF) charge analysis of these ions. The TOF technique allows to measure recombination rate coefficients separately for every charge state, and together with the photon spectra of these ions also the excitation rate coefficients. In this paper, we present more details of the experimental procedure and summarize the experimental results in comparison with two different state-of-the-art calculations of recombination and excitation rates for Si10+–Si13+ and S12+–S15+ ions. One of these uses a relativistic configuration interaction approach (flexible atomic code) and the other is a relativistic many-body perturbation theory. A good to excellent agreement with both of them is found in energy and resonance strength for the investigated ions.
报告了在斯德哥尔摩电子束离子阱中对高电荷 Si 和 S 离子的电子碰撞激发和重组率系数的测量结果。实验方法结合了探测过程中被俘获离子的光子探测，以及随后对这些离子的提取和飞行时间（TOF）电荷分析。利用 TOF 技术可以分别测量每种电荷状态的重组率系数，同时还可以测量这些离子的光子光谱和激发率系数。在本文中，我们将介绍实验过程的更多细节，并将实验结果与 Si10+-Si13+ 和 S12+-S15+ 离子的两种不同的最新重组和激发率计算结果进行比较总结。其中一个采用相对论构型相互作用方法（灵活原子代码），另一个采用相对论多体扰动理论。所研究离子的能量和共振频率与这两种方法的结果一致。
{"title":"Excitation and recombination studies with silicon and sulphur ions at an EBIT","authors":"I Orban, S Mahmood, T Fritjof, E Lindroth, C Z Dong, J l Rui, L Y Xie, R Schuch","doi":"10.1088/1361-6455/ad31ad","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6455/ad31ad","url":null,"abstract":"Measurements of electron-impact excitation and recombination rate coefficients of highly charged Si and S ions at the Stockholm electron beam ion trap are reported. The experimental method was a combination of photon detection from the trapped ions during probing and subsequently extraction and time-of-flight (TOF) charge analysis of these ions. The TOF technique allows to measure recombination rate coefficients separately for every charge state, and together with the photon spectra of these ions also the excitation rate coefficients. In this paper, we present more details of the experimental procedure and summarize the experimental results in comparison with two different state-of-the-art calculations of recombination and excitation rates for Si<sup>10+</sup>–Si<sup>13+</sup> and S<sup>12+</sup>–S<sup>15+</sup> ions. One of these uses a relativistic configuration interaction approach (flexible atomic code) and the other is a relativistic many-body perturbation theory. A good to excellent agreement with both of them is found in energy and resonance strength for the investigated ions.","PeriodicalId":16826,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140572091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The evolution of entanglement in a non-Hermitian quantum system may behave differently compared to its Hermitian counterpart. In this paper, we investigate the entanglement dynamics of two coupled and driven non-Hermitian qubits. Through calculating the concurrence of the system, we find that the evolution of the bipartite entanglement manifests two distinct patterns in the parameter space. In the low non-Hermiticity regime, the concurrence oscillates significantly, while in the opposite regime the same quantity would trend to a stable value. We attribute this phenomenon to parity-time (PT) symmetry phase transition. We also study the effect of decoherence on the entanglement dynamics. Our work provides a method to stabilize entanglement by exploiting non-Hermiticity.
{"title":"Entanglement dynamics of two non-Hermitian qubits","authors":"Yi-Xi Zhang, Zhen-Tao Zhang, Xiao-Zhi Wei, Bao-Long Liang, Feng Mei, Zhen-Shan Yang","doi":"10.1088/1361-6455/ad34a0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6455/ad34a0","url":null,"abstract":"The evolution of entanglement in a non-Hermitian quantum system may behave differently compared to its Hermitian counterpart. In this paper, we investigate the entanglement dynamics of two coupled and driven non-Hermitian qubits. Through calculating the concurrence of the system, we find that the evolution of the bipartite entanglement manifests two distinct patterns in the parameter space. In the low non-Hermiticity regime, the concurrence oscillates significantly, while in the opposite regime the same quantity would trend to a stable value. We attribute this phenomenon to parity-time (<inline-formula>\u0000<tex-math><?CDATA $ mathcal{PT}$?></tex-math>\u0000<mml:math overflow=\"scroll\"><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>PT</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math>\u0000<inline-graphic xlink:href=\"bad34a0ieqn1.gif\" xlink:type=\"simple\"></inline-graphic>\u0000</inline-formula>) symmetry phase transition. We also study the effect of decoherence on the entanglement dynamics. Our work provides a method to stabilize entanglement by exploiting non-Hermiticity.","PeriodicalId":16826,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140316248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-21DOI: 10.1088/1361-6455/ad31b1
S Chintalwad, S Krishnamurthy, S Ghosh, C P Ridgers, B Ramakrishna
We have proposed a compact scheme for generating high-density and high-energy positrons by irradiating different shaped targets with an ultra-intense laser pulse, using 2D particle-in-cell simulations and numerical analysis. Our simulations show that the Breit–Wheeler process dominates positron production during laser-target interaction when a laser with an intensity of 4×1023Wcm−2 is used. We obtain a positron beam with an energy of 2.5 GeV and a total number exceeding 109, which is an improvement by two orders of magnitude compared to previous work with the same laser intensity. By using different shaped targets, we are able to generate a high-energy positron beam with low divergence. The yield of positron pairs depends on both the target and the laser parameters, and we have investigated how the shape of the target can enhance pair production and reduce divergence. Both of our analytical and simulation results demonstrate that this high-flux and low-divergence positron beam has direct applications in the field of medical and astro-physics that can be explored in the upcoming high intensity laser facilities.
{"title":"Enhanced positron acceleration driven by femto-second laser pulses irradiating structured targets","authors":"S Chintalwad, S Krishnamurthy, S Ghosh, C P Ridgers, B Ramakrishna","doi":"10.1088/1361-6455/ad31b1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6455/ad31b1","url":null,"abstract":"We have proposed a compact scheme for generating high-density and high-energy positrons by irradiating different shaped targets with an ultra-intense laser pulse, using 2D particle-in-cell simulations and numerical analysis. Our simulations show that the Breit–Wheeler process dominates positron production during laser-target interaction when a laser with an intensity of <inline-formula>\u0000<tex-math><?CDATA $4 times 10^{23}~mathrm{W,cm}^{-2}$?></tex-math>\u0000<mml:math overflow=\"scroll\"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>4</mml:mn><mml:mo>×</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mn>10</mml:mn><mml:mrow><mml:mn>23</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">W</mml:mi><mml:mstyle scriptlevel=\"0\"></mml:mstyle><mml:mi>cm</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>\u0000<inline-graphic xlink:href=\"bad31b1ieqn1.gif\" xlink:type=\"simple\"></inline-graphic>\u0000</inline-formula> is used. We obtain a positron beam with an energy of 2.5 GeV and a total number exceeding 10<sup>9</sup>, which is an improvement by two orders of magnitude compared to previous work with the same laser intensity. By using different shaped targets, we are able to generate a high-energy positron beam with low divergence. The yield of positron pairs depends on both the target and the laser parameters, and we have investigated how the shape of the target can enhance pair production and reduce divergence. Both of our analytical and simulation results demonstrate that this high-flux and low-divergence positron beam has direct applications in the field of medical and astro-physics that can be explored in the upcoming high intensity laser facilities.","PeriodicalId":16826,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140316182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.1088/1361-6455/ad2e2d
B Ardini, F Richter, L Uboldi, P Cinquegrana, M Danailov, A Demidovich, S D Ganeshamandiram, S Hartweg, G Kurdi, F Landmesser, M Michelbach, A Ngai, I Nikolov, N Rendler, F Stienkemeier, D Uhl, L Bruder, G Cerullo, C Manzoni
We present a compact, intrinsically stable common path interferometer for the seeding of free-electron lasers (FELs). The interferometer can handle the required ultraviolet seed wavelengths and features an excellent phase stability of 10 mrad at 265 nm. By seeding the FEL FERMI, we demonstrate the generation of extreme ultraviolet (XUV) pulse pairs with tunable delay and a delay stability of 6 as at 52.5 nm. Prospective applications are Fourier transform spectroscopy, nonlinear spectroscopy and coherent control experiments in the XUV and x-ray domain.
我们介绍了一种结构紧凑、内在稳定的共路径干涉仪，用于自由电子激光器（FEL）的播种。该干涉仪可处理所需的紫外线种子波长，在 265 纳米波长处具有 10 mrad 的出色相位稳定性。通过为 FEL FERMI 提供种子波长，我们展示了在 52.5 纳米波长下产生的具有可调延迟和 6 倍延迟稳定性的极紫外（XUV）脉冲对。其应用前景包括傅立叶变换光谱学、非线性光谱学以及 XUV 和 X 射线领域的相干控制实验。
{"title":"Generation of interferometrically stable pulse pairs from a free-electron laser using a birefringent interferometer","authors":"B Ardini, F Richter, L Uboldi, P Cinquegrana, M Danailov, A Demidovich, S D Ganeshamandiram, S Hartweg, G Kurdi, F Landmesser, M Michelbach, A Ngai, I Nikolov, N Rendler, F Stienkemeier, D Uhl, L Bruder, G Cerullo, C Manzoni","doi":"10.1088/1361-6455/ad2e2d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6455/ad2e2d","url":null,"abstract":"We present a compact, intrinsically stable common path interferometer for the seeding of free-electron lasers (FELs). The interferometer can handle the required ultraviolet seed wavelengths and features an excellent phase stability of 10 mrad at 265 nm. By seeding the FEL FERMI, we demonstrate the generation of extreme ultraviolet (XUV) pulse pairs with tunable delay and a delay stability of 6 as at 52.5 nm. Prospective applications are Fourier transform spectroscopy, nonlinear spectroscopy and coherent control experiments in the XUV and x-ray domain.","PeriodicalId":16826,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140316247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We have investigated the angle-resolved ATI spectrum of oriented molecules in the IR+XUV co-rotating circular laser fields. According to the different roles of IR and XUV laser in the ionization process, we purposefully adjust the photon energy of XUV and the intensity of IR laser to make the ionization spectrum of the molecule distributed in a suitable momentum region. Moreover, under the same laser conditions, the background fringes in the ionization spectrum of the molecule can be removed by using the ionization spectrum of the atom with the same ionization energy as the molecule, so that the molecular orbital density distribution in the suitable momentum region can be obtained. That is, for any unknown molecule, as long as the ionization energy of the molecule can be measured, the density distribution of the molecular orbital can be imaged in a definite momentum region by adjusting the laser field conditions, which may shed light on the experimental detection of molecular orbitals.
{"title":"Imagining density distribution of molecular orbitals in IR+XUV co-rotating circular laser fields by frequency-domain theory","authors":"Yu-Hong Li, Facheng Jin, Yujun Yang, Fei Li, Ying-Chun Guo, Zhi-Yi Wei, Jing Chen, Xiaojun Liu, Bingbing Wang","doi":"10.1088/1361-6455/ad31b0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6455/ad31b0","url":null,"abstract":"We have investigated the angle-resolved ATI spectrum of oriented molecules in the IR+XUV co-rotating circular laser fields. According to the different roles of IR and XUV laser in the ionization process, we purposefully adjust the photon energy of XUV and the intensity of IR laser to make the ionization spectrum of the molecule distributed in a suitable momentum region. Moreover, under the same laser conditions, the background fringes in the ionization spectrum of the molecule can be removed by using the ionization spectrum of the atom with the same ionization energy as the molecule, so that the molecular orbital density distribution in the suitable momentum region can be obtained. That is, for any unknown molecule, as long as the ionization energy of the molecule can be measured, the density distribution of the molecular orbital can be imaged in a definite momentum region by adjusting the laser field conditions, which may shed light on the experimental detection of molecular orbitals.","PeriodicalId":16826,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140316079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.1088/1361-6455/ad31af
A D Innes, P Majumder, H R Noh, S L Cornish
We report on a study of modulation transfer spectroscopy of the 4S1/2→4P1/2 (D1) transition of naturally abundant potassium in a room-temperature vapour cell. This transition is critical for laser cooling and optical pumping of potassium and our study is therefore motivated by the need for robust laser frequency stabilisation. Despite the absence of a closed transition, the small ground-state hyperfine splitting in potassium results in strong crossover features in the D1 modulation transfer spectrum. To emphasise this we compare the D1 and D2 spectra of potassium with those of rubidium. Further, we compare our experimental results with a detailed theoretical simulation, examining different pump–probe polarisation configurations to identify the optimal signals for laser frequency stabilisation. We find good agreement between the experiment and the theory, especially for the lin∥lin polarisation configuration.
{"title":"Modulation transfer spectroscopy of the D1 transition of potassium: theory and experiment","authors":"A D Innes, P Majumder, H R Noh, S L Cornish","doi":"10.1088/1361-6455/ad31af","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6455/ad31af","url":null,"abstract":"We report on a study of modulation transfer spectroscopy of the <inline-formula>\u0000<tex-math><?CDATA $4textrm{S}_{1/2}rightarrow 4textrm{P}_{1/2}$?></tex-math>\u0000<mml:math overflow=\"scroll\"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>4</mml:mn><mml:msub><mml:mtext>S</mml:mtext><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mrow><mml:mo>/</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">→</mml:mo><mml:mn>4</mml:mn><mml:msub><mml:mtext>P</mml:mtext><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mrow><mml:mo>/</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>\u0000<inline-graphic xlink:href=\"bad31afieqn2.gif\" xlink:type=\"simple\"></inline-graphic>\u0000</inline-formula> (D<sub>1</sub>) transition of naturally abundant potassium in a room-temperature vapour cell. This transition is critical for laser cooling and optical pumping of potassium and our study is therefore motivated by the need for robust laser frequency stabilisation. Despite the absence of a closed transition, the small ground-state hyperfine splitting in potassium results in strong crossover features in the D<sub>1</sub> modulation transfer spectrum. To emphasise this we compare the D<sub>1</sub> and D<sub>2</sub> spectra of potassium with those of rubidium. Further, we compare our experimental results with a detailed theoretical simulation, examining different pump–probe polarisation configurations to identify the optimal signals for laser frequency stabilisation. We find good agreement between the experiment and the theory, especially for the <inline-formula>\u0000<tex-math><?CDATA $textrm{lin} parallel textrm{lin}$?></tex-math>\u0000<mml:math overflow=\"scroll\"><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>lin</mml:mtext><mml:mo>∥</mml:mo><mml:mtext>lin</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:math>\u0000<inline-graphic xlink:href=\"bad31afieqn3.gif\" xlink:type=\"simple\"></inline-graphic>\u0000</inline-formula> polarisation configuration.","PeriodicalId":16826,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140316082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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