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Spiritual Well-Being Among Users and Non-Users of Psychedelics: A Cross-Sectional Study. 迷幻药使用者和非使用者的精神健康:一项横断面研究。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-16 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2023.2284343
Ana Cláudia Mesquita Garcia, Lucas Oliveira Maia, Everson Meireles, Denismar Alves Nogueira, Luís Fernando Tófoli

This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS) in a Brazilian sample. We analyzed spiritual well-being, defined as existential well-being (EWB) and religious well-being (RWB), among individuals with varying religious and spiritual experiences, both users and non-users of psychedelics. The online cross-sectional survey was conducted in Brazil, from April to June 2022. The psychometric analyses demonstrated reliability and validity based on the internal structure and the relationship with satisfactory external variables concerning the RWB and EWB factors of the SWBS. Validity evidence was shown for both factors (RWB, EWB) with adequate reliability ratings. However, the RWB factor, which was entirely replicated, demonstrated the best group differentiation and internal consistency. Although both factors showed validity, the RWB factor exhibited superior psychometric indices for validity, group discrimination, and reliability. Regarding psychedelics, the association with RWB and EWB demonstrates a U-shaped pattern, as participants who never use these substances typically exhibit higher RWB and EWB indices, succeeded by frequent users. This finding underscores the need for additional studies to further explore the intricate interplay between psychedelics and spiritual well-being.

本研究在巴西样本中评估了精神幸福量表(SWBS)的心理测量特性。我们分析了具有不同宗教和精神体验的个体的精神幸福感,定义为存在幸福感(EWB)和宗教幸福感(RWB),包括致幻剂使用者和非使用者。这项在线横断面调查于2022年4月至6月在巴西进行。心理测量分析基于主观幸福感量表的内部结构及其与满意的外部变量的关系,证明了主观幸福感量表的信度和效度。两个因素(RWB, EWB)均有足够的信度。然而,RWB因子被完全复制,表现出最好的群体分化和内部一致性。虽然这两个因素都显示出效度,但RWB因素在效度、群体歧视和信度方面表现出更高的心理测量指标。关于致幻剂,与RWB和EWB的关系呈现u型模式,因为从不使用这些物质的参与者通常表现出更高的RWB和EWB指数,其次是频繁使用者。这一发现强调了进一步研究致幻剂和精神健康之间错综复杂的相互作用的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Psychedelic Drug Microdosing Practices: A Qualitative Online Exploration. 迷幻药微剂量实践:在线定性探索。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-22 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2024.2304554
Estelle Miller, Vida Bojovic, Olivia Maddren, Prashant Rao, Dami Adesina, Anastasia Petrenko, Rhys Ponton

"Microdosing," defined as the consumption of small, sub-hallucinogenic quantities of psychedelic drugs, has gained recent popularity. Microdosing is a relatively new concept, therefore no scientific recommendations exist on how to prepare and consume microdoses. Many consumers obtain microdosing information online. Few studies have investigated the content of this information; thus, the present study aimed to do so by collecting a large set of online microdosing information. A qualitative approach was taken to compile and characterize online microdosing information. Medical databases, video websites, online forums, drug-specific websites and forums, search engines, and social media websites were searched. A total of 174 unique resources were found, detailing the types of substances, preparation methods, doses, schedules, and safety strategies used by people who microdose. Future research is recommended to further explore how people prepare microdoses through in-person interviews and sample collection.

"微剂量 "是指服用少量、亚致幻的迷幻药,近来很受欢迎。微剂量是一个相对较新的概念,因此目前还没有关于如何准备和服用微剂量的科学建议。许多消费者从网上获取微剂量信息。很少有研究对这些信息的内容进行调查;因此,本研究旨在通过收集大量在线微剂量信息来实现这一目标。本研究采用定性方法对在线微量给药信息进行汇编和描述。研究人员搜索了医学数据库、视频网站、在线论坛、特定药物网站和论坛、搜索引擎和社交媒体网站。总共找到了 174 个独特的资源,详细介绍了微量给药者使用的药物类型、制备方法、剂量、时间表和安全策略。建议今后开展研究,通过面对面访谈和样本收集进一步探讨人们如何准备微剂量。
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引用次数: 0
Health-Promoting Behaviors in Male Patients with Opioid Use Disorder: An Exploratory Study. 阿片类药物使用障碍男性患者促进健康行为的探索性研究
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-12-26 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2024.2446454
Vinit Patel, Parvender Singh Negi, Rekha Pal Shah, Anju Dhawan, Siddharth Sarkar

Health-promoting lifestyle and behaviors play a crucial role in the prognosis of an illness as well as in healing. With the significant global burden of unhealthy lifestyle choices, their impact on individuals with substance use disorders can be particularly burdensome, hampering overall well-being. This study assesses health-promoting lifestyle and behavior and dietary habits among treatment-seeking male patients with opioid use disorders. This cross-sectional observational study enrolled 179 male patients undergoing treatment for opioid use disorder in a treatment center dedicated to addiction services. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire, the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP-II), the Maudsley Addiction Profile, and a food frequency questionnaire adapted for the north Indian diet. The mean age of the sample was 31.5 years, and almost half of the participants were underweight (n = 86, 48.0%). Participants often engaged in some health-promoting behaviors, such as nutrition, stress management, spiritual growth, and interpersonal relations; and generally neglected aspects of physical activity and health responsibility. Over half of the participants consumed less energy than recommended, while about a fourth failed to meet daily protein intake recommendations. The study underscores the need to incorporate lifestyle and dietary assessment and modification alongside psycho-pharmacological treatment for patients with opioid use disorders.

促进健康的生活方式和行为在疾病的预后和治疗中起着至关重要的作用。由于不健康的生活方式选择是全球的重大负担,它们对物质使用障碍患者的影响可能特别沉重,阻碍了整体福祉。本研究评估了寻求阿片类药物使用障碍治疗的男性患者促进健康的生活方式、行为和饮食习惯。这项横断面观察性研究招募了179名在成瘾服务治疗中心接受阿片类药物使用障碍治疗的男性患者。数据收集使用半结构化问卷、健康促进生活方式概况II (HPLP-II)、莫兹利成瘾概况和适合北印度饮食的食物频率问卷。样本的平均年龄为31.5岁,几乎一半的参与者体重过轻(n = 86,48.0%)。参与者经常参与一些促进健康的行为,如营养、压力管理、精神成长和人际关系;以及通常被忽视的体育活动和健康责任方面。超过一半的参与者消耗的能量低于推荐值,而大约四分之一的人没有达到每日蛋白质摄入量的建议值。该研究强调了将生活方式和饮食评估和改变与阿片类药物使用障碍患者的心理药物治疗结合起来的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
The Effect of Modafinil Treatment on Cravings in Methamphetamine Use Disorder. 莫达非尼治疗对甲基苯丙胺使用障碍患者渴望的影响。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-12-25 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2024.2446468
Muhammed Raşit Bardakçı, Ahmet Bulent Yazici, Şeyma Bardakçı, Esra Yazici

There is a need for treatments that can reduce cravings in methamphetamine use disorder (MUD), which is trending upwards worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of modafinil treatment on substance craving in patients with MUD. The study included 100 patients with MUD who were being treated in an inpatient detoxification center. Patients were divided into two groups as modafinil group (MG) (n = 51) and non-modafinil group (NMG) (n = 49) and compared with each other in terms of sociodemographic data, severity of addiction, change in craving scores on the 1st, 7th and 14th days. The change in craving scores during the first week was found to be significantly greater in the modafinil group (MG) compared to the non-modafinil group (NMG) (p < .001), indicating that modafinil effectively reduced methamphetamine cravings within the first week of treatment. When the changes in craving levels were compared between the groups in the first and second week, the difference between the groups was not statistically significant (p > .05). The mean substance craving scores at hospitalization were higher in MG than NMG (p < .001). Modafinil may be beneficial in the treatment of MUD, especially when used in the first weeks of treatment, especially in patients with higher cravings at baseline.

有必要进行治疗,以减少对甲基苯丙胺使用障碍(MUD)的渴望,这在世界范围内呈上升趋势。本研究的目的是评估莫达非尼治疗对MUD患者物质渴望的影响。该研究包括100名在住院戒毒中心接受治疗的MUD患者。将患者分为莫达非尼组(MG) (n = 51)和非莫达非尼组(NMG) (n = 49)两组,比较两组患者第1、7、14天的社会人口学资料、成瘾严重程度、渴望评分变化情况。与非莫达非尼组(NMG)相比,莫达非尼组(MG)在第一周内的渴望得分变化显著大于非莫达非尼组(p p >.05)。住院时,MG组的平均物质渴望得分高于NMG组(p
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引用次数: 0
Preferences, Perceptions, and Environmental Considerations of Natural and Synthetic Psychedelic Substances: Findings from the Global Psychedelic Survey. 对天然和合成致幻剂的偏好、认知和环境考虑:来自全球致幻剂调查的结果。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-12-24 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2024.2446445
Omer A Syed, Rotem Petranker, Emily C Fewster, Valentyn Sobolenko, Zeina Beidas, M Ishrat Husain, Stephanie Lake, Philippe Lucas

Although several studies have well described the characteristics of people who use psychedelics alongside their motivations and beliefs, little research has examined the preferences surrounding the source of psychedelic substances. In an anonymous online survey, we collected data from 6,379 consumers of 11 different psychedelic substances from 85 different countries, exploring their preferences and perceptions on natural and synthetic psychedelics. There was a strong preference of natural sources over synthetic alternatives for psilocybin (75%), DMT (56%), and mescaline (56%). Moreover, 50.8% of respondents believed that the source impacts the psychedelic's psychological and physiological effects, while 34.4% of respondents had a neutral stance on the topic. Despite the preference for natural sources, 67.7% of respondents agreed to switch to using synthetic alternatives to psychedelic substances if it would lessen the environmental impacts caused by the overharvesting of natural sources. This study presents novel insights into consumer preferences on the source of popular psychedelic substances. This international survey is limited to respondents primarily belonging to anglophone regions of the world.

尽管有几项研究已经很好地描述了使用致幻剂的人的特征以及他们的动机和信仰,但很少有研究调查了致幻剂来源的偏好。在一项匿名在线调查中,我们收集了来自85个不同国家的6379名消费者对11种不同致幻剂的数据,探索他们对天然致幻剂和合成致幻剂的偏好和看法。在裸盖菇素(75%)、DMT(56%)和美斯卡灵(56%)的合成替代品中,有强烈的天然来源偏好。此外,50.8%的受访者认为来源会影响迷幻药的心理和生理效果,34.4%的受访者对此持中立态度。尽管偏爱天然来源,但67.7%的受访者同意改用合成替代品代替致幻剂,如果这能减少过度采伐天然来源造成的环境影响。这项研究提出了消费者对流行迷幻物质来源的偏好的新见解。这项国际调查仅限于主要属于世界英语地区的受访者。
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引用次数: 0
Prescription and Non-Prescription Anxiolytic Use is Linked to Personal Characteristics Among University Students. 处方和非处方抗焦虑药使用与大学生个人特征相关。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-12-24 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2024.2444893
Joaquín Rodríguez-Ruíz, Bryan Lee Miller, Raquel Espejo-Siles, Inmaculada Marín-López

Mental health promotion and substance use prevention are essential issues at universities worldwide. Although research has identified risk and protective factors for substance use generally among college students, there is a paucity of knowledge about anxiolytic use. Thus, the main objective of this study was to analyze if prescription and non-prescription anxiolytic use was related to self-control, self-esteem and self-efficacy. A cross-sectional study design included 1,687 undergraduate students (Mage = 20.30 years; SD = 2.76) at a Spanish university. Validated instruments were administrated for data collection, under the supervision of a research team member. Descriptive analyses showed that almost 12% of the sample reports prescription anxiolytic use and more than 6% of non-prescription anxiolytic use in the last 6 months. There were considerable differences between genders, with females reporting higher consumption. Linear regression analyses showed that low self-control and low self-esteem predicted both prescription and non-prescription anxiolytic use. Being female predicted only non-prescription anxiolytic use. Considering these findings, strategies to improve self-control and self-efficacy among university students could be a successful element preventing or decreasing anxiolytic use and misuse.

促进心理健康和预防药物使用是世界各地大学的基本问题。尽管研究已经确定了大学生普遍使用药物的风险和保护因素,但对抗焦虑药物的使用却缺乏了解。因此,本研究的主要目的是分析处方和非处方抗焦虑药的使用是否与自我控制、自尊和自我效能有关。横断面研究设计包括1,687名本科生(年龄= 20.30岁;SD = 2.76)。在一名研究小组成员的监督下,使用经过验证的仪器进行数据收集。描述性分析显示,近12%的样本报告在过去6个月内使用处方抗焦虑药,超过6%的非处方抗焦虑药使用。性别之间存在相当大的差异,女性的饮酒量更高。线性回归分析显示,低自我控制和低自尊与处方和非处方抗焦虑药的使用有关。女性只预示着非处方抗焦虑药的使用。考虑到这些发现,提高大学生自我控制和自我效能感的策略可能是预防或减少抗焦虑药使用和滥用的成功因素。
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引用次数: 0
Associations Between Ayahuasca Use in Naturalistic Settings and Mental Health and Wellbeing Outcomes: Analysis of a Large Global Dataset. 在自然环境中使用死藤水与心理健康和幸福结果之间的关联:全球大型数据集分析。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-23 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2024.2424288
Daniel Perkins, Jerome Sarris, Tessa Cowley-Court, Helena Aicher, Luís Fernando Tófoli, Jose Carlos Bouso, Emerita Opaleye, Andreas Halman, Nicole Galvão-Coelho, Violeta Schubert

Emerging evidence indicates that ayahuasca consumption may have beneficial mental health effects. This study undertakes the largest analysis to date of associations between naturalistic ayahuasca use and current mental health status via an online cross-sectional survey. The sample included 7,576 participants (average age 41, 47% female) who had consumed ayahuasca in religious, traditional, or non-traditional settings in over 50 countries. Bivariate analysis, multivariate linear regressions and generalized structural equation modeling were used to explore associations between ayahuasca use variables, current mental health (K10, SF-12 MCS), and psychological well-being change (PWG). The number of ayahuasca uses was found to be positively associated with current mental health status (all measures), and this remained highly significant in multivariate models, with little evidence of associations diminishing over time. Variables such as the strength of the mystical experience, self-insights, and community/social variables were also positively associated with current mental health and PWG, while acute extreme fear and integration difficulties were negatively associated. Findings suggest that naturalistic ayahuasca use is associated with better current mental health status and enhanced psychological wellbeing for individuals with and without a history of mental illness, independent of community effects, with certain variables contributing positively or negatively to these effects.

新的证据表明,服用死藤水可能对心理健康有益。本研究通过在线横断面调查,对使用自然灵藤水与当前心理健康状况之间的关系进行了迄今为止最大规模的分析。样本包括 7576 名参与者(平均年龄 41 岁,47% 为女性),他们曾在 50 多个国家的宗教、传统或非传统环境中饮用过死藤水。我们采用了双变量分析、多变量线性回归和广义结构方程模型来探讨使用死藤水变量、当前心理健康(K10、SF-12 MCS)和心理健康变化(PWG)之间的关联。研究发现,使用青藤水的次数与当前的心理健康状况(所有测量指标)呈正相关,而且在多变量模型中仍具有高度显著性,几乎没有证据表明两者之间的关联会随着时间的推移而减弱。神秘体验的强度、自我见解和社区/社会变量等变量也与当前的心理健康状况和PWG呈正相关,而急性极度恐惧和融入困难则呈负相关。研究结果表明,对于有精神病史或无精神病史的人来说,自然使用死藤水与改善当前的精神健康状况和提高心理健康水平有关,与社区影响无关,某些变量对这些影响有积极或消极的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Factors Associated with Psychosis in 2098 Methamphetamine Users Admitted to 104 Outpatient Counseling Centers in 80 Cities in Turkey. 土耳其 80 个城市 104 个门诊咨询中心收治的 2098 名甲基苯丙胺使用者中与精神病有关的因素。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2024.2428242
Cavid Guliyev, Ebru Aldemir, Melike Şimşek, Kültegin Ögel

Evidence suggests that individuals who use methamphetamine are at a significantly higher risk of developing psychosis compared to non-users. This study aims to examine the rate of psychosis among methamphetamine users and to investigate factors related to methamphetamine-associated psychosis (MAP). Two thousand ninety-eight (2,098) individuals with methamphetamine use were admitted to outpatient care. Available admissions data included clinical interviews, the Addiction Profile Index (API), and API-clinical forms. MAP was identified in 267 (12.7%) participants. Our data analysis found significant sociodemographic, clinical, and personality differences between MAP and non-MAP cohorts on admission. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that older age (OR = 1.049), younger age of substance use onset (OR = 0.960), more frequent MA use (OR = 1.622), being single (OR = 1.974), lower education (OR = 0.46), increased number of withdrawal symptoms (OR = 1.100), higher lack of anger control scores (OR = 1.422), higher lack of assertiveness scores (OR = 1.396), and higher anxiety scores (OR = 1.715) were significantly associated with MAP. Although factors identified in this study represent state (on admission) rather than stable characterological traits, these results may nonetheless help us better characterize contextual factors associated with MAP in an outpatient population.

有证据表明,与不吸食者相比,吸食甲基苯丙胺者患精神病的风险明显更高。本研究旨在调查甲基苯丙胺吸食者的精神病发病率,并研究与甲基苯丙胺相关精神病(MAP)有关的因素。门诊收治了两千九百八十八(2,098)名吸食甲基苯丙胺的患者。现有的入院数据包括临床访谈、成瘾特征指数(API)和 API 临床表格。其中有 267 人(12.7%)被确定为 MAP。我们的数据分析发现,MAP 和非 MAP 群体在入院时在社会人口学、临床和人格方面存在明显差异。多变量回归分析显示,年龄较大(OR = 1.049)、开始使用药物的年龄较小(OR = 0.960)、使用 MA 的频率较高(OR = 1.622)、单身(OR = 1.974)、教育程度较低(OR = 0.46)、戒断症状增多(OR = 1.100)、缺乏愤怒控制得分较高(OR = 1.422)、缺乏自信得分较高(OR = 1.396)以及焦虑得分较高(OR = 1.715)与 MAP 显著相关。尽管本研究中发现的因素代表的是状态(入院时)而非稳定的性格特征,但这些结果可能有助于我们更好地描述与门诊患者中的 MAP 相关的背景因素。
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引用次数: 0
Maintenance Intramuscular Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy, a Retrospective Chart Review of Efficacy, Adverse Events, and Dropouts from a Community Practice. 维持性肌肉注射氯胺酮辅助心理疗法,对社区实践中的疗效、不良事件和辍学情况进行回顾性病历审查。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2024.2421895
Wesley C Ryan, Boris D Heifets

The use of ketamine and ketamine-assisted psychotherapy (KAP) for treatment of depression has grown dramatically, though much of these data are short term. The clinical profile of maintenance treatment remains poorly characterized. We assessed maintenance KAP for efficacy, tolerability, and reasons for dropout. This observational study retrospectively analyzed electronic health records from an addiction psychiatry practice offering intramuscular ketamine with contemporaneous psychotherapy for the treatment of depression. All patients receiving treatment between January 2016 and September 2022 were included, yielding 1,114 sessions from 70 patients. The response was quantified via the clinical global impression-severity scale. Side effects and reasons for dropout were extracted from charts. Comorbidities include an anxiety disorder (79%) or substance use disorder (49%). The induction yielded 82% response, maintained above 80% after six months (sessions q21 days, 1.13 mg/kg mean dose). Many (38%) remained in treatment for at least one year. Nausea management accounted for nearly all as-needed medication use. Antihypertensives were seldom utilized. Chronic side effects were notable for one case of ketamine use disorder, resulting in residential treatment. Dropouts cited logistical reasons half the time and side effects only 9.7% of the time. KAP yielded robust improvements in mood, anxiety, and substance use. Maintenance sessions effectively extended benefit and were largely well tolerated.

使用氯胺酮和氯胺酮辅助心理疗法(KAP)治疗抑郁症的人数急剧增加,尽管这些数据大多是短期的。维持性治疗的临床概况仍鲜为人知。我们评估了 KAP 维持治疗的疗效、耐受性和辍药原因。这项观察性研究回顾性分析了一家提供肌肉注射氯胺酮和同期心理疗法治疗抑郁症的成瘾精神病学诊所的电子健康记录。研究纳入了 2016 年 1 月至 2022 年 9 月期间接受治疗的所有患者,共对 70 名患者进行了 1114 次治疗。通过临床总体印象-严重程度量表对反应进行量化。从病历中提取了副作用和退出治疗的原因。合并症包括焦虑症(79%)或药物使用障碍(49%)。诱导治疗的反应率为 82%,6 个月后反应率保持在 80% 以上(21 天为一疗程,平均剂量为 1.13 毫克/千克)。许多患者(38%)坚持治疗至少一年。恶心治疗几乎占了所有必要用药。很少使用抗高血压药物。有一例氯胺酮使用障碍患者因慢性副作用而需要住院治疗。半数患者因后勤原因而放弃治疗,只有 9.7% 的患者因副作用而放弃治疗。KAP 在情绪、焦虑和药物使用方面取得了显著改善。维持治疗有效地延长了疗效,并在很大程度上获得了良好的耐受性。
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引用次数: 0
Highs and Lows: A Mixed-Methods Analysis of the Impact of Adult Use Legalization on Medical Cannabis Patients. 高潮与低谷:成人使用大麻合法化对医用大麻患者影响的混合方法分析》。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2024.2430608
Kevin F Boehnke, Daniel J Kruger, Carrie Cuttler, Mitchell L Doucette, Adrianne R Wilson-Poe

Presently, 24 states have legalized adult use (recreational) cannabis, each following medical-only access. Although states that pass adult use laws report substantial declines in the number of registered medical patients, these laws expand the market, potentially enhancing patient benefits. However, research on federal adult use cannabis legislation in Canada suggests that adult use laws negatively impact medical patients. The purpose of this mixed-methods study was to examine medical cannabis patients' perceptions of the impact of adult use cannabis laws in the US. We conducted an online survey with forced choice and open-ended questions in a convenience sample of 505 medical cannabis patients. Quantitative analysis indicated that adult use laws decreased stress and legal concerns, and that patient perceptions of cannabis product quality and availability were higher, but prices were also higher. Qualitative analysis largely aligned with quantitative findings, however data were somewhat divergent on price and product availability (with some patients reporting lower prices and accessibility issues). Mixed-methods analysis revealed that legalization also reduced patients' experience of social stigma. Addressing the patient concerns revealed by these data may help to restore or maintain patient access to affordable, medically relevant cannabis products as additional states merge medical cannabis programs into adult use paradigms.

目前,已有 24 个州将成人使用(娱乐)大麻合法化,每个州在此之前都只允许医用大麻。虽然通过成人使用法律的州报告称注册的医疗患者人数大幅减少,但这些法律扩大了市场,可能会增加患者的福利。然而,对加拿大联邦成人使用大麻立法的研究表明,成人使用大麻的法律对医疗患者产生了负面影响。这项混合方法研究旨在考察医用大麻患者对美国成人使用大麻法律影响的看法。我们对 505 名医用大麻患者进行了在线调查,其中包括强制选择题和开放式问题。定量分析表明,成人使用大麻法律减少了压力和法律顾虑,患者对大麻产品质量和可用性的认知度更高,但价格也更高。定性分析结果与定量分析结果基本一致,但在价格和产品供应方面的数据存在一定差异(一些患者报告了较低的价格和可获得性问题)。混合方法分析表明,合法化也减少了患者的社会耻辱感。随着更多的州将医用大麻计划并入成人使用模式,解决这些数据所揭示的患者担忧可能有助于恢复或保持患者获得负担得起的、与医疗相关的大麻产品的机会。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of psychoactive drugs
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