Pub Date : 2024-09-04DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2024.2397427
Georgia Best, Eva Morunga, Alesha Wells, Jenny Allison, Lisa Reynolds
People with cancer experience higher rates of psychological dysfunction than the general population, with extreme inequity among indigenous people. Psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT) is a reemerging area with promising evidence as a treatment for mental health difficulties. The current study aimed to investigate the perceptions of PAT in indigenous (Māori) and non-indigenous cancer patients in Aotearoa, New Zealand. Eighty-five cancer patients (Māori n = 32, non-Māori n = 53) completed a brief anonymous survey assessing demographics, psychological factors, and awareness and perceptions of PAT. Participants were recruited online (via social media and cancer support e-mail lists) and in person at Auckland City Hospital. Maori had significantly poorer psychological well-being than non-Māori. All participants had low awareness of this novel treatment and held largely neutral attitudes. Regression analyses revealed that predictors of more favorable attitudes toward PAT included greater awareness of psychedelics, advanced cancer stage, younger age, poorer holistic well-being, greater demoralization, and prioritizing treatment effectiveness over possible risks and uncertainty. The current study provides a foundational step in exploring perceptions toward PAT in indigenous and non-indigenous groups. These results have the potential to shape future research trials investigating PAT and further highlight the importance of indigenous involvement in the psychedelic research space.
与普通人相比,癌症患者的心理功能障碍发生率更高,而在原住民中则极不公平。迷幻辅助疗法(PAT)是一个新兴领域,作为治疗心理健康问题的一种方法,其前景看好。本研究旨在调查新西兰奥特亚罗瓦原住民(毛利人)和非原住民癌症患者对迷幻辅助疗法的看法。85名癌症患者(毛利人32人,非毛利人53人)完成了一项简短的匿名调查,调查内容包括人口统计学、心理因素、对PAT的认识和看法。调查对象通过网络(社交媒体和癌症支持电子邮件列表)和奥克兰市立医院亲自招募。毛利人的心理健康水平明显低于非毛利人。所有参与者对这种新疗法的认知度都很低,而且基本上持中立态度。回归分析表明,对 PAT 持更赞成态度的预测因素包括:对迷幻剂的认识程度更高、癌症晚期、年龄更小、整体健康状况更差、士气更低落、治疗效果优先于可能的风险和不确定性。目前的研究为探索土著和非土著群体对 PAT 的看法迈出了奠基性的一步。这些结果有可能影响未来调查 PAT 的研究试验,并进一步强调了原住民参与迷幻药研究领域的重要性。
{"title":"A Cross-Sectional Survey Investigating Māori and Non-Māori Cancer Patients' Views on Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy in Aotearoa New Zealand.","authors":"Georgia Best, Eva Morunga, Alesha Wells, Jenny Allison, Lisa Reynolds","doi":"10.1080/02791072.2024.2397427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2024.2397427","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>People with cancer experience higher rates of psychological dysfunction than the general population, with extreme inequity among indigenous people. Psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT) is a reemerging area with promising evidence as a treatment for mental health difficulties. The current study aimed to investigate the perceptions of PAT in indigenous (Māori) and non-indigenous cancer patients in Aotearoa, New Zealand. Eighty-five cancer patients (Māori <i>n</i> = 32, non-Māori <i>n</i> = 53) completed a brief anonymous survey assessing demographics, psychological factors, and awareness and perceptions of PAT. Participants were recruited online (via social media and cancer support e-mail lists) and in person at Auckland City Hospital. Maori had significantly poorer psychological well-being than non-Māori. All participants had low awareness of this novel treatment and held largely neutral attitudes. Regression analyses revealed that predictors of more favorable attitudes toward PAT included greater awareness of psychedelics, advanced cancer stage, younger age, poorer holistic well-being, greater demoralization, and prioritizing treatment effectiveness over possible risks and uncertainty. The current study provides a foundational step in exploring perceptions toward PAT in indigenous and non-indigenous groups. These results have the potential to shape future research trials investigating PAT and further highlight the importance of indigenous involvement in the psychedelic research space.</p>","PeriodicalId":16902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychoactive drugs","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142126047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-02DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2024.2395494
J Frankeberger, T Perdue, E Ramirez, A Valdez, A Cepeda
Using data from Proyecto SALTO, a 15-year follow-up study of a cohort of Mexican American women in a low-income community in San Antonio, Texas, this study examines emerging patterns of current methamphetamine (MA) use, including opioid co-use, among this understudied population. A bivariate analysis compared individuals with and without current MA use and identified sociodemographic correlates and co-occurring mental health and substance use. A secondary analysis compared those with current MA use, opioid use, and concurrent MA and opioid use. Nineteen percent of the sample had current MA use. MA use was associated with having a lower income (OR = 7.04-1.93, SE = 1.59-5.46), residential instability (OR = 5.19, SE = 1.99), and suicidal ideation (OR = 2.62, SE = 0.93). Participants with MA use had more than four times the odds of using opioids than those without MA use. Women with concurrent MA and opioid use differed in sociodemographics and behavioral risks compared to those with only MA or only opioid use. These findings explore the social, mental health, and structural inequities that exacerbate risks and harms associated with high-risk substance use among marginalized Latino populations. Prevention and intervention strategies should adopt a holistic approach that considers and addresses polysubstance use, mental health, and the sociocultural contexts in which individuals live.
SALTO 项目是一项对德克萨斯州圣安东尼奥低收入社区的墨西哥裔美国妇女队列进行的为期 15 年的跟踪研究,本研究利用该项目提供的数据,探讨了这一未得到充分研究的人群中当前使用甲基苯丙胺(MA)的新模式,包括阿片类药物的共同使用。一项双变量分析比较了目前使用和未使用甲基苯丙胺的人群,并确定了社会人口学相关因素以及精神健康和药物使用的共存情况。二次分析比较了目前使用 MA、使用阿片类药物以及同时使用 MA 和阿片类药物的人群。19%的样本目前使用 MA。使用 MA 与收入较低(OR = 7.04-1.93,SE = 1.59-5.46)、居住不稳定(OR = 5.19,SE = 1.99)和自杀倾向(OR = 2.62,SE = 0.93)有关。使用 MA 的参与者使用阿片类药物的几率是未使用 MA 的参与者的四倍多。与仅使用 MA 或仅使用阿片类药物的女性相比,同时使用 MA 和阿片类药物的女性在社会人口统计学和行为风险方面存在差异。这些发现探讨了社会、心理健康和结构上的不平等,这些不平等加剧了边缘化拉丁裔人群使用高风险药物的相关风险和危害。预防和干预策略应采用综合方法,考虑并解决多种药物使用、心理健康以及个人所处的社会文化背景等问题。
{"title":"Correlates of Current Methamphetamine Use and Opioid Co-Use Among Latina Women in a Low-Income Community.","authors":"J Frankeberger, T Perdue, E Ramirez, A Valdez, A Cepeda","doi":"10.1080/02791072.2024.2395494","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02791072.2024.2395494","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Using data from Proyecto SALTO, a 15-year follow-up study of a cohort of Mexican American women in a low-income community in San Antonio, Texas, this study examines emerging patterns of current methamphetamine (MA) use, including opioid co-use, among this understudied population. A bivariate analysis compared individuals with and without current MA use and identified sociodemographic correlates and co-occurring mental health and substance use. A secondary analysis compared those with current MA use, opioid use, and concurrent MA and opioid use. Nineteen percent of the sample had current MA use. MA use was associated with having a lower income (OR = 7.04-1.93, <i>SE</i> = 1.59-5.46), residential instability (OR = 5.19, <i>SE</i> = 1.99), and suicidal ideation (OR = 2.62, <i>SE</i> = 0.93). Participants with MA use had more than four times the odds of using opioids than those without MA use. Women with concurrent MA and opioid use differed in sociodemographics and behavioral risks compared to those with only MA or only opioid use. These findings explore the social, mental health, and structural inequities that exacerbate risks and harms associated with high-risk substance use among marginalized Latino populations. Prevention and intervention strategies should adopt a holistic approach that considers and addresses polysubstance use, mental health, and the sociocultural contexts in which individuals live.</p>","PeriodicalId":16902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychoactive drugs","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142108600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2023-09-13DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2023.2242361
Elisabeth Prevete, Valeria Catalani, Darshan Singh, Kim P C Kuypers, Eef L Theunissen, Honor D Townshend, Hani Banayoti, Johannes G Ramaekers, Massimo Pasquini, Ornella Corazza
In recent years, the online sale of kratom (Mitragyna speciosa), a Southeast Asian plant with both medicinal and psychoactive properties, has raised health concerns mainly due to the uncontrolled diffusion of adulterated kratom-related products. This exploratory study provides, for the first time, a snapshot of the availability of kratom products on the darknet which has been further validated by data searches on the surface web. A total of 231 listings of kratom across 23 darknet marketplaces were identified between March 2020 and October 2021. Among these, 40 were found actively sold across five markets by thirteen vendors. Listed items were mainly advertised as "safe" substitutes for medicinal products for the self-management of pain and other health conditions and offered in various forms (e.g., dry leaf powder, pills, capsules). Purchases were made using cryptocurrencies, with some vendors offering Pretty Good Privacy, and were shipped from Europe, Australia, the United States, and the United Kingdom. Goods sold by the same sellers also included illicit drugs and fraud-related products. Our study discovered a previously unknown diffusion of kratom products on the darknet mainly for self-treating a variety of medical conditions, suggesting the need for further research and immediate interventions to safeguard the well-being and health of kratom consumers.
{"title":"A Preliminary Inventory of Kratom <i>(Mitragyna Speciosa)</i> Products and Vendors on the Darknet and Cryptomarkets.","authors":"Elisabeth Prevete, Valeria Catalani, Darshan Singh, Kim P C Kuypers, Eef L Theunissen, Honor D Townshend, Hani Banayoti, Johannes G Ramaekers, Massimo Pasquini, Ornella Corazza","doi":"10.1080/02791072.2023.2242361","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02791072.2023.2242361","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, the online sale of kratom (<i>Mitragyna speciosa</i>), a Southeast Asian plant with both medicinal and psychoactive properties, has raised health concerns mainly due to the uncontrolled diffusion of adulterated kratom-related products. This exploratory study provides, for the first time, a snapshot of the availability of kratom products on the darknet which has been further validated by data searches on the surface web. A total of 231 listings of kratom across 23 darknet marketplaces were identified between March 2020 and October 2021. Among these, 40 were found actively sold across five markets by thirteen vendors. Listed items were mainly advertised as \"safe\" substitutes for medicinal products for the self-management of pain and other health conditions and offered in various forms (e.g., dry leaf powder, pills, capsules). Purchases were made using cryptocurrencies, with some vendors offering Pretty Good Privacy, and were shipped from Europe, Australia, the United States, and the United Kingdom. Goods sold by the same sellers also included illicit drugs and fraud-related products. Our study discovered a previously unknown diffusion of kratom products on the darknet mainly for self-treating a variety of medical conditions, suggesting the need for further research and immediate interventions to safeguard the well-being and health of kratom consumers.</p>","PeriodicalId":16902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychoactive drugs","volume":" ","pages":"485-495"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10225785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2023.2230571
Uzoji Nwanaji-Enwerem, Mark Beitel, David E Oberleitner, Marina Gaeta Gazzola, Kathryn F Eggert, Lindsay M S Oberleitner, Oluwole Jegede, Xiaoying Zheng, Nancy S Redeker, Lynn M Madden, Declan T Barry
This study sought to examine demographic, treatment-related, and diagnosis-related correlates of substance use disorder (SUD)-related perceived discrimination among patients receiving methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). Participants were 164 patients at nonprofit, low-barrier-to-treatment-access MMT programs. Participants completed measures of demographics, diagnosis-related characteristics (Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI-18) and Depressive Experiences Questionnaire (DEQ)), and treatment-related characteristics. Perceived discrimination was measured on a seven-point Likert-type scale ranging from 1 ("Not at all") to 7 ("Extremely") in response to the item: "I often feel discriminated against because of my substance abuse." Given the variable's distribution, a median split was used to categorize participants into "high" and "low" discrimination groups. Correlates of high and low discrimination were analyzed with bivariate and logistic regression models. Ninety-four participants (57%) reported high SUD-related perceived discrimination. Bivariate analyses identified six statistically significant correlates of SUD-related perceived discrimination (P < .05): age, race, age of onset of opioid use disorder, BSI-18 Depression, DEQ Dependency, and DEQ Self-Criticism. In the final logistic regression model, those with high (versus low) SUD-related perceived discrimination were more likely to report depressive symptoms and be self-critical. Patients in MMT with high compared to low SUD-related perceived discrimination may be more likely to report being depressed and self-critical.
{"title":"Correlates of Perceived Discrimination Related to Substance Use Disorders Among Patients in Methadone Maintenance Treatment.","authors":"Uzoji Nwanaji-Enwerem, Mark Beitel, David E Oberleitner, Marina Gaeta Gazzola, Kathryn F Eggert, Lindsay M S Oberleitner, Oluwole Jegede, Xiaoying Zheng, Nancy S Redeker, Lynn M Madden, Declan T Barry","doi":"10.1080/02791072.2023.2230571","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02791072.2023.2230571","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study sought to examine demographic, treatment-related, and diagnosis-related correlates of substance use disorder (SUD)-related perceived discrimination among patients receiving methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). Participants were 164 patients at nonprofit, low-barrier-to-treatment-access MMT programs. Participants completed measures of demographics, diagnosis-related characteristics (Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI-18) and Depressive Experiences Questionnaire (DEQ)), and treatment-related characteristics. Perceived discrimination was measured on a seven-point Likert-type scale ranging from 1 (\"Not at all\") to 7 (\"Extremely\") in response to the item: \"I often feel discriminated against because of my substance abuse.\" Given the variable's distribution, a median split was used to categorize participants into \"high\" and \"low\" discrimination groups. Correlates of high and low discrimination were analyzed with bivariate and logistic regression models. Ninety-four participants (57%) reported high SUD-related perceived discrimination. Bivariate analyses identified six statistically significant correlates of SUD-related perceived discrimination (<i>P</i> < .05): age, race, age of onset of opioid use disorder, BSI-18 Depression, DEQ Dependency, and DEQ Self-Criticism. In the final logistic regression model, those with high (versus low) SUD-related perceived discrimination were more likely to report depressive symptoms and be self-critical. Patients in MMT with high compared to low SUD-related perceived discrimination may be more likely to report being depressed and self-critical.</p>","PeriodicalId":16902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychoactive drugs","volume":" ","pages":"530-540"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10761588/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9926694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2023-08-08DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2023.2244499
Elton Brás Camargo Júnior, Isabela Santos Noivo, Thallita Caroline Cassiano Gouvea, Maria Neyria de Fatima Fernandes, Edilaine Cristina da Silva Gherardi-Donato
The prevalence of depression and substance use changed significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study explored the association between the use of psychoactive substances and depression in Brazilian university students. This cross-sectional study was conducted between 2021 and 2022. A sample of 1271 students were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST). Hierarchical multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the association between tobacco use, alcohol consumption, illicit substance use, and depression. Among the participants, 424 (33.4%; 95%CI 30.7-36) screened positive for depression (PHQ-9 ≥ 10). Alcohol was the most consumed substance. Recent use of illicit substances was associated with depression (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.59; CI 1.02-2.50). The pattern of moderate or high-risk tobacco use (aOR 2.11; CI 1.31-3.42), alcohol use (aOR 3.40; CI 2.29-5.06), and illicit substances (aOR 1.82; CI 1.15-2.89) were associated with higher chances of depression in adjusted models. Findings highlight the importance of implementing support for mental health among university students. These policies are crucial for addressing maladaptive behaviors, such as substance use, and for mitigating psychological distress, such as depression, which has been exacerbated during the pandemic.
{"title":"Depression and Substance Use Among Brazilian University Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Elton Brás Camargo Júnior, Isabela Santos Noivo, Thallita Caroline Cassiano Gouvea, Maria Neyria de Fatima Fernandes, Edilaine Cristina da Silva Gherardi-Donato","doi":"10.1080/02791072.2023.2244499","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02791072.2023.2244499","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The prevalence of depression and substance use changed significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study explored the association between the use of psychoactive substances and depression in Brazilian university students. This cross-sectional study was conducted between 2021 and 2022. A sample of 1271 students were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST). Hierarchical multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the association between tobacco use, alcohol consumption, illicit substance use, and depression. Among the participants, 424 (33.4%; 95%CI 30.7-36) screened positive for depression (PHQ-9 ≥ 10). Alcohol was the most consumed substance. Recent use of illicit substances was associated with depression (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.59; CI 1.02-2.50). The pattern of moderate or high-risk tobacco use (aOR 2.11; CI 1.31-3.42), alcohol use (aOR 3.40; CI 2.29-5.06), and illicit substances (aOR 1.82; CI 1.15-2.89) were associated with higher chances of depression in adjusted models. Findings highlight the importance of implementing support for mental health among university students. These policies are crucial for addressing maladaptive behaviors, such as substance use, and for mitigating psychological distress, such as depression, which has been exacerbated during the pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":16902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychoactive drugs","volume":" ","pages":"541-550"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9951665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2023-07-14DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2023.2232379
Alan K Davis, Christopher Timmermann, Ana Maria Ortiz Bernal, Rafaelle Lancelotta, Sandeep Nayak, Nathan D Sepeda, Aki Nikolaidis, Roland R Griffiths
This study translated and tested the psychometric properties of acute psychedelic effects measures among Spanish-speaking people. The Psychological Insight Questionnaire (PIQ), Challenging Experiences Questionnaire (CEQ), and Mystical Experiences Questionnaire (MEQ) were translated before being incorporated into a web-based survey. We recruited native Spanish-speakers (N = 442; Mage = 30.8, SD = 10.9; Latino/Latina = 62%; Hispanic = 91.4%; male = 71.5%) to assess their previous experience with one of two psychedelics (LSD = 58.4%; Psilocybin = 41.6%) and their acute and enduring effects. Confirmatory factor analysis (confirming factor structure based on the English version) revealed a good fit for the MEQ, PIQ and the CEQ. Repeating our analysis in each drug subsample revealed consistency in factor structure for each assessment tool. Construct validity was supported by significant positive associations between the PIQ and MEQ, and between the PIQ and MEQ and changes in cognitive fusion and negative associations between changes in prosocial behaviors. As a signal of predictive validity, persisting effects (PEQ) were strongly related to scores on the MEQ and PIQ. Findings demonstrate that the Spanish versions of these measures can be reliably employed in studies of psychedelic use or administration in Spanish-speaking populations.
{"title":"Translation and Initial Psychometric Evaluation of Spanish Versions of Three Psychedelic Acute Effects Measures: Mystical, Challenging, and Insight Experiences.","authors":"Alan K Davis, Christopher Timmermann, Ana Maria Ortiz Bernal, Rafaelle Lancelotta, Sandeep Nayak, Nathan D Sepeda, Aki Nikolaidis, Roland R Griffiths","doi":"10.1080/02791072.2023.2232379","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02791072.2023.2232379","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study translated and tested the psychometric properties of acute psychedelic effects measures among Spanish-speaking people. The Psychological Insight Questionnaire (PIQ), Challenging Experiences Questionnaire (CEQ), and Mystical Experiences Questionnaire (MEQ) were translated before being incorporated into a web-based survey. We recruited native Spanish-speakers (<i>N</i> = 442; M<sub>age</sub> = 30.8, SD = 10.9; Latino/Latina = 62%; Hispanic = 91.4%; male = 71.5%) to assess their previous experience with one of two psychedelics (LSD = 58.4%; Psilocybin = 41.6%) and their acute and enduring effects. Confirmatory factor analysis (confirming factor structure based on the English version) revealed a good fit for the MEQ, PIQ and the CEQ. Repeating our analysis in each drug subsample revealed consistency in factor structure for each assessment tool. Construct validity was supported by significant positive associations between the PIQ and MEQ, and between the PIQ and MEQ and changes in cognitive fusion and negative associations between changes in prosocial behaviors. As a signal of predictive validity, persisting effects (PEQ) were strongly related to scores on the MEQ and PIQ. Findings demonstrate that the Spanish versions of these measures can be reliably employed in studies of psychedelic use or administration in Spanish-speaking populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":16902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychoactive drugs","volume":" ","pages":"456-466"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10154467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2023-07-31DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2023.2242358
Benjamin A Korman
Despite the recent and sharp rise in psychedelic research, few studies have investigated how classic psychedelic use relates to employees' work-related outcomes. This is surprising given that the increased use, decriminalization, and legalization of classic psychedelics in the United States (U.S.) has the potential to impact both employees and their organizations. Addressing this gap, the current study explores how employees' lifetime psilocybin use relates to the amount of overtime they work, thereby offering insight into what current trends in psilocybin use could mean for businesses. Using pooled, cross-sectional data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2002-2014) on 217,963 adults employed in the U.S. full-time, this study tests whether lifetime psilocybin use is associated with employees' number of overtime hours worked in the past week. After adjusting for sociodemographics and other substance use, a significant negative association is found between employees' lifetime psilocybin use and the amount of overtime they reported working. Specifically, the findings suggest that lifetime psilocybin use in the U.S. full-time working population is associated with an estimated 44,348,400 fewer overtime hours worked per year and may help explain recent findings linking employees' lifetime psilocybin use to a reduction in sick leave taken.
{"title":"On the mushrooming reports of \"quiet quitting\": Employees' lifetime psilocybin use predicts their overtime hours worked.","authors":"Benjamin A Korman","doi":"10.1080/02791072.2023.2242358","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02791072.2023.2242358","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite the recent and sharp rise in psychedelic research, few studies have investigated how classic psychedelic use relates to employees' work-related outcomes. This is surprising given that the increased use, decriminalization, and legalization of classic psychedelics in the United States (U.S.) has the potential to impact both employees and their organizations. Addressing this gap, the current study explores how employees' lifetime psilocybin use relates to the amount of overtime they work, thereby offering insight into what current trends in psilocybin use could mean for businesses. Using pooled, cross-sectional data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2002-2014) on 217,963 adults employed in the U.S. full-time, this study tests whether lifetime psilocybin use is associated with employees' number of overtime hours worked in the past week. After adjusting for sociodemographics and other substance use, a significant negative association is found between employees' lifetime psilocybin use and the amount of overtime they reported working. Specifically, the findings suggest that lifetime psilocybin use in the U.S. full-time working population is associated with an estimated 44,348,400 fewer overtime hours worked per year and may help explain recent findings linking employees' lifetime psilocybin use to a reduction in sick leave taken.</p>","PeriodicalId":16902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychoactive drugs","volume":" ","pages":"475-484"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9965527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2023-07-10DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2023.2230568
David Wyndham Lawrence, Alex P DiBattista, Christopher Timmermann
This study investigated the sense of familiarity attributed to N, N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) experiences. 227 naturalistic inhaled-DMT experiences reporting a sense of familiarity were included. No experiences referenced a previous DMT or psychedelic experience as the source of the familiarity. A high prevalence of concomitant features discordant from ordinary consciousness were identified: features of a mystical experience (97.4%), ego-dissolution (16.3%), and a "profound experience of death" (11.0%). The Sense of Familiarity Questionnaire (SOF-Q) was developed assessing 19 features of familiarity across 5 themes: (1) Familiarity with the Feeling, Emotion, or Knowledge Gained; (2) Familiarity with the Place, Space, State, or Environment; (3) Familiarity with the Act of Going Through the Experience; (4) Familiarity with Transcendent Features; and (5) Familiarity Imparted by an Entity Encounter. Bayesian latent class modeling yielded two stable classes of participants who shared similar SOF-Q responses. Class 1 participants responded, "yes" more often for items within "Familiarity Imparted by an Entity Encounter" and "Familiarity with the Feeling, Emotion, or Knowledge Gained." Results catalogued features of the sense of familiarity imparted by DMT, which appears to be non-referential to a previous psychedelic experience. Findings provide insights into the unique and enigmatic familiarity reported during DMT experiences and offer a foundation for further exploration into this intriguing phenomenon.
{"title":"N, N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT)-Occasioned Familiarity and the Sense of Familiarity Questionnaire (SOF-Q).","authors":"David Wyndham Lawrence, Alex P DiBattista, Christopher Timmermann","doi":"10.1080/02791072.2023.2230568","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02791072.2023.2230568","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the sense of familiarity attributed to N, N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) experiences. 227 naturalistic inhaled-DMT experiences reporting a sense of familiarity were included. No experiences referenced a previous DMT or psychedelic experience as the source of the familiarity. A high prevalence of concomitant features discordant from ordinary consciousness were identified: features of a mystical experience (97.4%), ego-dissolution (16.3%), and a \"profound experience of death\" (11.0%). The Sense of Familiarity Questionnaire (SOF-Q) was developed assessing 19 features of familiarity across 5 themes: (1) Familiarity with the Feeling, Emotion, or Knowledge Gained; (2) Familiarity with the Place, Space, State, or Environment; (3) Familiarity with the Act of Going Through the Experience; (4) Familiarity with Transcendent Features; and (5) Familiarity Imparted by an Entity Encounter. Bayesian latent class modeling yielded two stable classes of participants who shared similar SOF-Q responses. Class 1 participants responded, \"yes\" more often for items within \"Familiarity Imparted by an Entity Encounter\" and \"Familiarity with the Feeling, Emotion, or Knowledge Gained.\" Results catalogued features of the sense of familiarity imparted by DMT, which appears to be non-referential to a previous psychedelic experience. Findings provide insights into the unique and enigmatic familiarity reported during DMT experiences and offer a foundation for further exploration into this intriguing phenomenon.</p>","PeriodicalId":16902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychoactive drugs","volume":" ","pages":"443-455"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9757490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2023-08-26DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2023.2250353
Alaina K Holt, Alyssa K Rudy, Ashlee N Sawyer, Justin L Poklis, Alison B Breland, Michelle R Peace
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs), originally intended to be used as cigarette substitutes, have evolved into discreet devices for consuming drugs other than nicotine (DOTNs). Presented are the results of an exploratory survey in which information regarding demographics, e-cig device type, DOTN use, frequency and context of use was collected. The average reported age of respondents was 27.4 years of age (SD = 12.0), and respondents predominantly identified as male (73%). Vape pens (disposable or refillable) were the most reported device across all DOTN classes. Cannabinoids were the most reported class of DOTN used, for both lifetime and past 30-day use. Other DOTNs reported included herbal supplements, amphetamines, caffeine, kratom, vitamins, opiates, DMT, fentanyl, and ketamine. Combinations of DOTNs used in e-cigs and trends in poly-substance use were reported. The most commonly reported context was vaping alone, followed by with friends, at home, and at social events; less commonly reported contexts included when driving, at work, and at school. Results from this study are useful for developing future national surveys to consider a comprehensive substance use-focused strategy that includes vaping, building awareness of DOTN e-cig use, and highlighting public safety issues in driving impairment, crime scene investigations, and death investigations.
{"title":"Survey of U.S. Residents and Their Usage of Electronic Cigarettes with Drugs Other Than Nicotine.","authors":"Alaina K Holt, Alyssa K Rudy, Ashlee N Sawyer, Justin L Poklis, Alison B Breland, Michelle R Peace","doi":"10.1080/02791072.2023.2250353","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02791072.2023.2250353","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs), originally intended to be used as cigarette substitutes, have evolved into discreet devices for consuming drugs other than nicotine (DOTNs). Presented are the results of an exploratory survey in which information regarding demographics, e-cig device type, DOTN use, frequency and context of use was collected. The average reported age of respondents was 27.4 years of age (SD = 12.0), and respondents predominantly identified as male (73%). Vape pens (disposable or refillable) were the most reported device across all DOTN classes. Cannabinoids were the most reported class of DOTN used, for both lifetime and past 30-day use. Other DOTNs reported included herbal supplements, amphetamines, caffeine, kratom, vitamins, opiates, DMT, fentanyl, and ketamine. Combinations of DOTNs used in e-cigs and trends in poly-substance use were reported. The most commonly reported context was vaping alone, followed by with friends, at home, and at social events; less commonly reported contexts included when driving, at work, and at school. Results from this study are useful for developing future national surveys to consider a comprehensive substance use-focused strategy that includes vaping, building awareness of DOTN e-cig use, and highlighting public safety issues in driving impairment, crime scene investigations, and death investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":16902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychoactive drugs","volume":" ","pages":"568-577"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10895069/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10075427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2023-07-28DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2023.2241465
Erin Kelty, Kate Chitty, David B Preen
The use of alprazolam in pregnancy can adversely affect maternal and neonatal health. This study examined neonatal outcomes following exposure to alprazolam in pregnancy. Women prescribed alprazolam during pregnancy (n = 48) between 2014 and 2018 were identified from routinely-collected state administrative prescribing records and perinatal data. Two comparison groups of women; 1) prescribed alprazolam outside of pregnancy (n = 96) and 2) women never prescribed alprazolam (n = 96) were also identified. The health of women and their children was examined using administrative hospital, mortality and perinatal data and compared to the comparison groups using generalized linear models. Prenatal alprazolam exposure was not associated with a reduction in average birth weight or gestational age. However, neonates prenatally exposed to alprazolam were more likely be classified as having low birth weight for gestational age compared with alprazolam comparison group (OR: 4.46, 95% CI: 1.54-12.95) and the non-alprazolam comparison group (OR: 3.27, 95% CI: 1.22-8.79). There were no cases of perinatal mortality or floppy baby syndrome in alprazolam-exposed neonates. While the use of alprazolam during pregnancy was not associated with an increased risk of severe adverse neonatal outcomes (e.g. perinatal mortality), it was associated with neonates being born with a low birth weight for gestational age.
{"title":"Safety of Alprazolam Use in Pregnancy in Western Australia: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using Linked Health Data.","authors":"Erin Kelty, Kate Chitty, David B Preen","doi":"10.1080/02791072.2023.2241465","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02791072.2023.2241465","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of alprazolam in pregnancy can adversely affect maternal and neonatal health. This study examined neonatal outcomes following exposure to alprazolam in pregnancy. Women prescribed alprazolam during pregnancy (<i>n</i> = 48) between 2014 and 2018 were identified from routinely-collected state administrative prescribing records and perinatal data. Two comparison groups of women; 1) prescribed alprazolam outside of pregnancy (<i>n</i> = 96) and 2) women never prescribed alprazolam (<i>n</i> = 96) were also identified. The health of women and their children was examined using administrative hospital, mortality and perinatal data and compared to the comparison groups using generalized linear models. Prenatal alprazolam exposure was not associated with a reduction in average birth weight or gestational age. However, neonates prenatally exposed to alprazolam were more likely be classified as having low birth weight for gestational age compared with alprazolam comparison group (OR: 4.46, 95% CI: 1.54-12.95) and the non-alprazolam comparison group (OR: 3.27, 95% CI: 1.22-8.79). There were no cases of perinatal mortality or floppy baby syndrome in alprazolam-exposed neonates. While the use of alprazolam during pregnancy was not associated with an increased risk of severe adverse neonatal outcomes (e.g. perinatal mortality), it was associated with neonates being born with a low birth weight for gestational age.</p>","PeriodicalId":16902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychoactive drugs","volume":" ","pages":"578-584"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9884600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}