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Consuming and Thinking About Nangs: A Survey of Nitrous Oxide Use, Knowledge, Attitudes and Perceptions in Aotearoa New Zealand. 消费和思考Nangs:一项调查一氧化二氮的使用,知识,态度和看法在新西兰奥特罗阿。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2025.2452224
Jai Whelan, Taylah John, Rose Crossin, Ryan D Ward

Non-medical use of nitrous oxide (N2O) is becoming increasingly popular globally, yet little data exists regarding N2O in Aotearoa New Zealand. We aimed to explore patterns of use and harm in those who consume N2O in Aotearoa, and related knowledge, perceptions and attitudes of those with and without N2O experience. A convenience sample of people with N2O experience (n = 466) and without (n = 510) completed an online survey about N2O. Most with N2O experience reported infrequent and low-dose consumption. Harm reduction behaviors were utilized by most consumers, and reports of adverse effects were relatively low. Self-reported acute or chronic harm (primarily psychological) was reported by only 5.8% of the N2O sample, whilst 9.2% reported ever experiencing persistent numbness (5.2% in the past 12 months). Self-reported knowledge about N2O varied and was greater in those with N2O experience. N2O knowledge was generally poor, although more accurate in those with N2O experience. Attitudes generally differed between those with and without N2O experience, and perceived harmfulness and experience significantly contributed to attitudes regarding N2O legality. Findings underscore the relative safety of N2O when used recreationally, but also highlight the need for greater drug education around potential risks of N2O use and harm reduction.

在全球范围内,非医疗用途的氧化亚氮(N2O)正变得越来越流行,但关于新西兰奥特罗阿的N2O数据却很少。我们的目的是探讨在奥特罗阿那些使用N2O的人的使用模式和危害,以及相关的知识,观念和态度有和没有N2O经验的人。有N2O经验的人(n = 466)和没有N2O经验的人(n = 510)的方便样本完成了关于N2O的在线调查。大多数有N2O经验的人报告了不经常和低剂量的消耗。大多数消费者采用了减害行为,不良反应的报告相对较少。只有5.8%的N2O样本报告了自我报告的急性或慢性伤害(主要是心理伤害),而9.2%的样本报告曾经历过持续的麻木(过去12个月为5.2%)。自我报告的N2O知识各不相同,有N2O经验的人更多。N2O知识普遍较差,尽管有N2O经验的人更准确。有和没有N2O经验的人对N2O的态度普遍不同,并且感知到的危害和经验显著影响了对N2O合法性的态度。研究结果强调了娱乐性使用N2O的相对安全性,但也强调了围绕N2O使用的潜在风险和减少危害进行更多药物教育的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Managing Dual Dependencies: A Case Study of Concurrent Low-Dose Buprenorphine Induction and Rapid Phenobarbital Taper. 管理双重依赖:同时低剂量丁丙诺啡诱导和快速苯巴比妥逐渐减少的案例研究。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2025-01-14 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2024.2446448
Brent Schnipke, Gayane Archer, Veronika Hanko, Brandon Hamm

Co-occurring substance use disorders are common in medical settings, yet limited literature exists on concomitant pharmacological management. We present a case where low-dose buprenorphine induction (LDBI) and rapid phenobarbital taper were performed concurrently in a hospital setting to manage co-occurring opioid dependence (on chronic methadone maintenance therapy) and benzodiazepine dependence (prescribed alprazolam). The simultaneous management was well-tolerated and completed with minimal complications, successfully enabling candidacy for the patient's preferred disposition.

共同发生的物质使用障碍是常见的医疗设置,但有限的文献存在伴随的药理学管理。我们报告了一个病例,低剂量丁丙诺啡诱导(LDBI)和快速苯巴比妥逐渐减少在医院同时进行,以管理同时发生的阿片类药物依赖(对慢性美沙酮维持治疗)和苯二氮卓依赖(处方阿普唑仑)。同时治疗具有良好的耐受性和最小的并发症,成功地为患者的首选处置提供了候选资格。
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引用次数: 0
Death Anxiety Among Users and Non-Users of Psychedelics. 致幻剂使用者和非使用者的死亡焦虑。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2025-01-10 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2025.2451035
Ana Cláudia Mesquita Garcia, Lucas Oliveira Maia, Everson Meireles, Denismar Alves Nogueira, Luís Fernando Tófoli

This study is a survey-type, cross-sectional study conducted in Brazil (n = 517), with online data collection taking place from April to June 2022. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the death anxiety in users and non-users of psychedelics. To this end, we also assessed the validity and reliability of the Death Anxiety Scale in Brazil. The following instruments were used for data collection: a questionnaire for sociodemographic characterization, Death Anxiety Scale, Death Transcendence Scale, and Spiritual Well-Being Scale. Our main results indicated the following: 1) increased death anxiety is associated with never or almost never having used psychedelics; 2) death transcendence, especially creative and religious factors, was the only constant variable in all the explanatory models of the variation in death anxiety; 3) there is a negative relationship between death anxiety and mystical and religious factors of death transcendence. We interpret these results as follows: it's not psychedelics that reduce death anxiety - psychedelics can favor the experience of transcending death. And it's the possibility of transcending death, (idea of continuity beyond physical death, taking both spiritual and symbolic forms) that helps reduce death anxiety. These findings offer valuable insights into the role of psychedelics in human mortality perception.

这项研究是在巴西进行的一项调查式横断面研究(n = 517),在线数据收集于2022年4月至6月进行。本研究的主要目的是评估致幻剂使用者和非使用者的死亡焦虑。为此,我们还评估了巴西死亡焦虑量表的效度和信度。使用以下工具收集数据:社会人口学特征问卷、死亡焦虑量表、死亡超越量表和精神幸福感量表。我们的主要结果表明:1)死亡焦虑增加与从未或几乎从未使用过致幻剂有关;2)死亡超越,尤其是创造性和宗教因素,是所有死亡焦虑变异的解释模型中唯一不变的变量;死亡焦虑与死亡超越的神秘因素和宗教因素呈负相关。我们对这些结果的解释如下:并不是迷幻药减少了死亡焦虑——迷幻药有利于超越死亡的体验。这是超越死亡的可能性,(超越肉体死亡的连续性,以精神和象征的形式存在的想法)有助于减少死亡焦虑。这些发现为致幻剂在人类死亡感知中的作用提供了有价值的见解。
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引用次数: 0
The Index of Cannabis Equivalence (ICE): A User-Centered Approach to Standardization of Cannabis Dose-Response. 大麻等效指数(ICE):以用户为中心的大麻剂量反应标准化方法。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2025-01-09 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2025.2449932
Michelle St Pierre, Stacey Squires, Sarah Daniels, Tatiana Sanchez, Zach Walsh

The increasing acceptance of cannabis use, and policy changes in several jurisdictions has led researchers and public health experts to call for a standard cannabis dose. Standard dosing units are useful tools for regulation, substance use guidelines, data collection, consistency of research, as a means of communicating low-risk recommendations and dose-related effects, and for self-monitoring. Efforts to standardize cannabis dose have focused on cannabinoid content without considering tolerance or mode. Cannabis users with diverse motivations for use and varying experience rated low, medium, and high doses across seven modes of use. The participants (N = 1368; 42% female) were 18-93 years of age (M = 31.64, SD = 14.70) who had a cannabis use history. The Index of Cannabis Equivalence (ICE) identified the following low-dose cannabis equivalencies: two puffs on a joint, pipe, herbal or concentrate vaporizer is equivalent to one hit on a bong, a 5 mg/THC edible, and ¼ dab of a concentrate. These findings are based on responses from users with lower tolerance, which may limit generalizability to those with higher tolerance. The ICE proposes standardized cannabis doses through user-derived ratings across different administration routes. The meaningful standardization of units of cannabis products in a manner similar to what has been achieved for alcohol represents a valuable step in establishing standard doses across different modes of cannabis administration.

越来越多的人接受大麻的使用,以及一些司法管辖区的政策变化,导致研究人员和公共卫生专家呼吁制定标准大麻剂量。标准剂量单位是监管、物质使用指南、数据收集、研究一致性的有用工具,是沟通低风险建议和剂量相关影响的手段,也是自我监测的手段。标准化大麻剂量的努力主要集中在大麻素含量上,而不考虑耐受性或模式。具有不同使用动机和不同经验的大麻使用者在七种使用方式中分别对低、中、高剂量进行打分。参与者(N = 1368;42%为女性),年龄18-93岁,有大麻使用史(M = 31.64, SD = 14.70)。大麻当量指数(ICE)确定了以下低剂量大麻当量:在关节、烟斗、草药或浓缩蒸雾器上吸两口相当于在烟斗上吸一口,可食用的五毫克四氢大麻酚和四分之一的浓缩物。这些发现是基于耐受性较低的用户的反应,这可能限制了对耐受性较高的用户的推广。ICE通过不同给药途径的用户衍生评级提出了标准化的大麻剂量。以与酒精类似的方式对大麻产品单位进行有意义的标准化,是在确定不同大麻管理模式的标准剂量方面迈出的宝贵一步。
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引用次数: 0
Psychotic-Like Experiences in Young Recreational Users of Ketamine: A Case Study. 青少年娱乐性氯胺酮使用者的精神病样经验:个案研究。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2025-01-08 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2025.2449909
Valerio Ricci, Domenico De Berardis, Sheikh Shoib, Giovanni Martinotti, Giuseppe Maina

This study explores the psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) associated with recreational ketamine use among young adults. Ketamine, initially introduced as an anesthetic, is now widely used recreationally for its dissociative effects, raising concerns about its impact on mental health. Ten participants aged 18-24, who used ketamine recreationally multiple times a week, were assessed using the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE-42). Results showed a significant positive correlation between the frequency of ketamine use and PLEs, with no significant impact from other substances like THC, MDMA, and alcohol. These findings confirm ketamine's potential to induce psychotic-like symptoms by antagonizing NMDA receptors, similar to schizophrenia. The study underscores the need for preventive measures and targeted interventions to address the mental health risks of frequent ketamine use, particularly among young adults. However, limitations such as the small sample size and reliance on self-reported data suggest that further research is needed to establish causality and examine long-term effects. Overall, this study highlights the significant association between recreational ketamine use and increased PLEs, emphasizing the importance of early detection and intervention strategies.

本研究探讨了与青年人娱乐性氯胺酮使用相关的精神病样体验(ple)。氯胺酮最初是作为麻醉剂引入的,现在由于其解离作用被广泛用于娱乐,这引起了人们对其对精神健康影响的担忧。10名年龄在18-24岁之间的参与者,每周多次使用氯胺酮娱乐,使用社区心理体验评估(CAPE-42)进行评估。结果显示氯胺酮的使用频率与ple之间存在显著的正相关,而THC、MDMA和酒精等其他物质对ple的影响不显著。这些发现证实了氯胺酮通过拮抗NMDA受体诱发类似精神分裂症的精神病症状的潜力。该研究强调需要采取预防措施和有针对性的干预措施,以解决频繁使用氯胺酮的心理健康风险,特别是在年轻人中。然而,样本量小和依赖自我报告数据等局限性表明,需要进一步研究以确定因果关系并检查长期影响。总的来说,本研究强调了娱乐性氯胺酮使用与PLEs增加之间的显著关联,强调了早期发现和干预策略的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
A Psilocybin Experience Gone Wrong: The Importance of Psychedelic Assisted Psychotherapy. 裸盖菇素的错误体验:迷幻辅助心理治疗的重要性。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2025-01-07 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2025.2449918
Fernando Espi Forcen

As psilocybin awaits approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), scholars debate whether psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy should be required when prescribing this medicine. Here, we report the case of a patient who underwent a psilocybin experience without psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy, resulting in inpatient psychiatric admission. This case underscores the importance of taking psilocybin in controlled clinical settings. Moreover, we discuss how psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy could have altered the outcome of her experience and the role of experiential learning in psychedelics for potential prescribers.

由于裸盖菇素正在等待美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)的批准,学者们争论在开这种药时是否需要迷幻辅助心理治疗。在这里,我们报告的情况下,患者接受裸盖菇素经验没有迷幻辅助心理治疗,导致住院精神病住院。本病例强调了在对照临床环境中服用裸盖菇素的重要性。此外,我们讨论了迷幻药辅助心理治疗如何改变她的经历的结果,以及迷幻药中体验学习对潜在处方者的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy for Antisocial Personality Disorder: A Case Report. 氯胺酮辅助治疗反社会型人格障碍1例报告。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2025-01-07 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2025.2449911
Matthew R Hicks, Heather Zwickey, Ryan Bradley

There are currently no evidence-based treatment guidelines for antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). Instead, treatment typically focuses on comorbid conditions. There is currently no literature documenting cases or research, theoretical or otherwise of using ketamine-assisted therapy or any other psychedelic therapy in cases of ASPD. In this case report, a 43-year-old man seeking ketamine-assisted psychotherapy (KAP) for alcoholism and depression was diagnosed with comorbid antisocial personality disorder. A series of psycholytic (low dose) ketamine therapy sessions and other integrative approaches over the course of 3 years results in resolution of severe alcoholism, reduction in violent thoughts about people and the world, and a reduction in depression symptoms. With additional precautions, utilizing a ketamine-assisted psychotherapy approach led to clinical improvements in depression, alcohol abuse, and ASPD traits.

目前还没有针对反社会人格障碍(ASPD)的循证治疗指南。相反,治疗通常侧重于合并症。目前没有文献记录的案例或研究,理论或其他使用氯胺酮辅助治疗或任何其他迷幻治疗的反社会障碍的情况下。在本病例报告中,一名43岁男子因酒精中毒和抑郁症寻求氯胺酮辅助心理治疗(KAP),被诊断为共病性反社会人格障碍。在3年的治疗过程中,一系列的精神溶解(低剂量)氯胺酮治疗和其他综合方法导致严重酒精中毒的解决,减少了对人和世界的暴力想法,减少了抑郁症状。在额外的预防措施下,使用氯胺酮辅助的心理治疗方法导致抑郁症、酗酒和反社会人格障碍特征的临床改善。
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引用次数: 0
Cumulative Social Disadvantage and Medicinal Cannabis Use Among Younger Adults in Rural Communities: A Mixed Methods Approach.
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2025-01-07 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2025.2449919
Sharon Lipperman-Kreda, Emile Sanders, Julie Peach, Shelly Brantley, Geoffrey Hunt, Tamar M J Antin

This mixed-methods study investigated the role of medicinal cannabis use among younger adults who live in rural communities and experience high levels of cumulative social disadvantage (CSD). Results are based on cross-sectional surveys and online interviews with 153 younger adults (18-35-years old) in rural California. We assessed participants' levels of CSD (high, medium, and low) and examined associations with perceived general physical and mental health and with medicinal use of cannabis (MUC). Qualitative analyses were then conducted to better understand the roles of cannabis use in the lives of study participants with high versus low CSD. High CSD was associated with perceived poorer physical and mental health and with MUC, but not past month general cannabis use. Qualitative findings emphasized the significant role of MUC for rural young people with high CSD to reduce stress and manage physical and mental health. Findings suggest the need to address CSD inequities in rural communities, such as increasing access to health care, to reduce health inequities and the reliance on cannabis use for managing mental and physical health.

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引用次数: 0
Patterns of Opioid and NSAID Use in Saudi Arabia from 2010 to 2020. 2010年至2020年沙特阿拉伯阿片类药物和非甾体抗炎药使用模式
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2025-01-06 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2025.2449912
Abdullah U Althemery, Mohammed Alsubaie, Hamoud Alharbi, Ammar Alqahtani, Ghazi Alsubaie, Abdulrahman Alotaibi

The use of analgesics has increased globally over the last three decades. Prescription drug abuse has increased significantly, and opioids have been identified as causing further harm to the world. This study explored the utilization and expenditure associated with opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) from 2010 to 2020 in Saudi Arabia. This descriptive time-series analysis was conducted in two major hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between 2010 and 2020. Data were collected from the inpatients, outpatients, and emergency departments of the Security Force Hospital and King Fahad Medical City in Riyadh. The analgesics examined included celecoxib, diclofenac sodium, ibuprofen, lornoxicam, mefenamic acid, paracetamol, and tramadol. A total of 48,106 analgesics were prescribed during this period. Peak utilization of all opioid and NSAID products occurred in 2019. Paracetamol accounted for 29.33% of all prescriptions. However, in 2020, tramadol prescriptions were the highest, accounting for 2,798 prescriptions. The average price per prescription unit decreased between 2012 and 2019 and increased in 2020 from SAR 0.87 to SAR 4.50 per unit. This study's findings can guide healthcare policy and practices and enhance the quality of treatment for patients who require analgesic treatment.

在过去三十年中,止痛药的使用在全球范围内有所增加。处方药滥用已显著增加,阿片类药物已被确定为对世界造成进一步伤害。本研究探讨了2010 - 2020年沙特阿拉伯阿片类药物和非甾体抗炎药(NSAIDs)的使用和支出情况。这一描述性时序分析于2010年至2020年期间在沙特阿拉伯利雅得的两家大医院进行。从安全部队医院和利雅得法赫德国王医疗城的住院、门诊和急诊科收集数据。检查的镇痛药包括塞来昔布、双氯芬酸钠、布洛芬、氯诺昔康、甲非那酸、扑热息痛和曲马多。在此期间共开了48,106种镇痛药。所有阿片类药物和非甾体抗炎药产品的使用高峰出现在2019年。扑热息痛占所有处方的29.33%。但在2020年,曲马多的处方数量最多,占2798张。每个处方单位的平均价格在2012年至2019年期间下降,并在2020年从0.87里亚尔增加到4.50里亚尔。本研究结果可以指导医疗政策和实践,并提高需要镇痛治疗的患者的治疗质量。
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引用次数: 0
Identification of Cannabis Product Characteristics and Pricing on Dark Web Markets. 大麻产品特性识别及暗网市场定价。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2025-01-04 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2024.2446446
Matthew C Nali, Zhuoran Li, Vidya Purushothaman, Meng Zhen Larsen, Raphael E Cuomo, Joshua S Yang, Tim K Mackey

Growing cannabis use has made it the most widely cultivated and trafficked illicit drug globally according to the World Health Organization, with 147 million people consuming cannabis-derived products (CDPs) in various product forms and constituency. Despite restrictions in certain countries, unregulated access can still be found on the dark web which specializes in trafficking of illicit goods. The objective was to systematically collect data from multiple marketplaces to identify types of cannabis products offered for sale. The study was conducted in three phases: (1) data mining transactions on dark web markets using cannabis and tobacco keywords; (2) inductive coding of selling-related characteristics; and (3) pricing analysis of one marketplace based on product type, shipping, and cannabis policy status. Four dark web markets (Archetyp, Incognito, Royal, and Wethenorth) yielded 2,954 selling posts. The top 3 products based on keyword searches included CDPs (n = 2629, 89%), illicit and prescription drugs (n = 223, 7.55%), and psychedelics (n = 102, 3.45%). For Archetyp listings, cannabis concentrates pricing had a statistically significant difference in average price p/mg when shipped from a country with a complete prohibition. The dark web represents an unregulated digital space where numerous CDPs are sold and shipped to various countries at different prices.

据世界卫生组织称,大麻使用的不断增加使其成为全球种植和贩运最广泛的非法药物,有1.47亿人消费各种产品形式和用途的大麻衍生产品。尽管某些国家有限制,但在专门从事非法货物贩运的暗网上仍然可以找到不受管制的访问。目的是系统地从多个市场收集数据,以确定可供出售的大麻产品的类型。研究分三个阶段进行:(1)使用大麻和烟草关键词在暗网市场上进行数据挖掘交易;(2)销售相关特征的归纳编码;(3)基于产品类型、运输和大麻政策状况的某一市场的定价分析。四个暗网市场(prototype、Incognito、Royal和wethnorth)共发布了2954个销售帖子。基于关键词搜索的前3名产品包括:CDPs (n = 2629, 89%)、非法和处方药(n = 223, 7.55%)和致幻剂(n = 102, 3.45%)。对于原型清单,大麻浓缩物的定价在从完全禁止的国家运输时的平均价格p/mg有统计学上的显着差异。暗网代表了一个不受监管的数字空间,在这里,大量的cd以不同的价格出售并运往各个国家。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of psychoactive drugs
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