Pub Date : 2024-09-23DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2024.2405677
Angelina Pilatti, Pablo Correa, Gabriela Rivarola Montejano, Yanina Michelini, Adrian J Bravo, Ricardo M Pautassi
Growing evidence suggests the tendency to act rashly under positive and negative emotions and affect-related drinking motives connect symptoms of mood disorders with alcohol-related problems. However, studies examining this sequence are scarce in Latin-American samples. The present study evaluated, in Argentinian college students (n = 403; 68.2% women; Mage = 21.03 ± 4.90), a sequential model of symptoms of depression, urgency traits, internal drinking motives, and problematic alcohol use. Path analysis was conducted to examine the direct and indirect associations between symptoms of depression and problematic alcohol use (heavy episodic drinking and alcohol-related negative consequences) via positive and negative urgency traits and internal drinking motives. Findings revealed indirect associations from depressive symptoms to problematic alcohol use via urgency traits and drinking motives (e.g. depression symptoms→positive [negative] urgency→enhancement [coping]→drinking problems). This suggests that students who experience more symptoms of depression may be more likely to react to these experiences of negative affect by engaging in heavy drinking episodes and encounter more alcohol-related problems. This seems to stem from a higher propensity to act rashly during intense emotional experiences and a greater motivation to drink as a means of regulating their mood. Future interventions aimed at preventing or reducing problematic alcohol use (especially among Argentinian young adults) might consider targeting these specific impulsivity traits as well as affect-related drinking motivations.
{"title":"Positive and Negative Pathways Linking Depressive Symptoms to Problematic Alcohol Use Among Argentinian College Students: An Examination of Positive and Negative Urgency Traits and Internal Drinking Motives.","authors":"Angelina Pilatti, Pablo Correa, Gabriela Rivarola Montejano, Yanina Michelini, Adrian J Bravo, Ricardo M Pautassi","doi":"10.1080/02791072.2024.2405677","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02791072.2024.2405677","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Growing evidence suggests the tendency to act rashly under positive and negative emotions and affect-related drinking motives connect symptoms of mood disorders with alcohol-related problems. However, studies examining this sequence are scarce in Latin-American samples. The present study evaluated, in Argentinian college students (<i>n</i> = 403; 68.2% women; <i>M</i>age = 21.03 ± 4.90), a sequential model of symptoms of depression, urgency traits, internal drinking motives, and problematic alcohol use. Path analysis was conducted to examine the direct and indirect associations between symptoms of depression and problematic alcohol use (heavy episodic drinking and alcohol-related negative consequences) via positive and negative urgency traits and internal drinking motives. Findings revealed indirect associations from depressive symptoms to problematic alcohol use via urgency traits and drinking motives (e.g. depression symptoms→positive [negative] urgency→enhancement [coping]→drinking problems). This suggests that students who experience more symptoms of depression may be more likely to react to these experiences of negative affect by engaging in heavy drinking episodes and encounter more alcohol-related problems. This seems to stem from a higher propensity to act rashly during intense emotional experiences and a greater motivation to drink as a means of regulating their mood. Future interventions aimed at preventing or reducing problematic alcohol use (especially among Argentinian young adults) might consider targeting these specific impulsivity traits as well as affect-related drinking motivations.</p>","PeriodicalId":16902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychoactive drugs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142289790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-19DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2024.2405685
Nicolas G Glynos, Anne Baker, Jacob S Aday, Niloufar Pouyan, Julie Barron, Moss Herberholz, Daniel Kruger, Kevin F Boehnke
Psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT) has shown preliminary efficacy for psychiatric and physical health conditions. Although some people report naturalistic psychedelic use with so-called "underground" practitioners, little is known about PAT that occurs outside of controlled clinical settings or perspectives of these practitioners. We conducted an anonymous online survey of individuals who reported providing psychedelic support services (e.g. trip sitting and/or preparatory/follow-up psychotherapy) in naturalistic settings. We investigated demographics, including education and licensing, details about services provided, and reported client outcomes. Among 107 participants, 40.2% held a full or in-progress license and 44.9% had not obtained a relevant graduate degree. Almost all participants reported pre-screening clients before treatment, offering preparation, integration, and trip-sitting services, and most employed a range of therapeutic modalities, centering primarily on non-directive approaches. Participants reported that clients most commonly consumed psilocybin, and treated numerous conditions, primarily aligning with indications targeted in psychedelic clinical research. Perceptions of clients' symptom changes were largely positive, although a small proportion reported worsened personality disorder symptoms. Further research delineating client and practitioner perspectives of naturalistic PAT services is warranted, and such work may shed light on the benefits and risks specific to naturalistic PAT as well as inform best practices for practitioners.
{"title":"Going Underground: Demographics, Services, and Best Practices Endorsed by Practitioners Providing Support for Naturalistic Psychedelic Use.","authors":"Nicolas G Glynos, Anne Baker, Jacob S Aday, Niloufar Pouyan, Julie Barron, Moss Herberholz, Daniel Kruger, Kevin F Boehnke","doi":"10.1080/02791072.2024.2405685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2024.2405685","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT) has shown preliminary efficacy for psychiatric and physical health conditions. Although some people report naturalistic psychedelic use with so-called \"underground\" practitioners, little is known about PAT that occurs outside of controlled clinical settings or perspectives of these practitioners. We conducted an anonymous online survey of individuals who reported providing psychedelic support services (e.g. trip sitting and/or preparatory/follow-up psychotherapy) in naturalistic settings. We investigated demographics, including education and licensing, details about services provided, and reported client outcomes. Among 107 participants, 40.2% held a full or in-progress license and 44.9% had not obtained a relevant graduate degree. Almost all participants reported pre-screening clients before treatment, offering preparation, integration, and trip-sitting services, and most employed a range of therapeutic modalities, centering primarily on non-directive approaches. Participants reported that clients most commonly consumed psilocybin, and treated numerous conditions, primarily aligning with indications targeted in psychedelic clinical research. Perceptions of clients' symptom changes were largely positive, although a small proportion reported worsened personality disorder symptoms. Further research delineating client and practitioner perspectives of naturalistic PAT services is warranted, and such work may shed light on the benefits and risks specific to naturalistic PAT as well as inform best practices for practitioners.</p>","PeriodicalId":16902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychoactive drugs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142289787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-13DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2024.2401982
Ar Wilson-Poe, Ka Hoffman, K Pertl, Jb Luoma, A Bazinet, Cs Stauffer, D McCarty, Pt Korthuis
Emerging legal frameworks in Oregon and Colorado license facilitators to support adults receiving psychedelic services. The current legal frameworks are silent regarding facilitators' personal experience with psychedelics. An e-Delphi process recruited 36 experts with at least 5 years' experience facilitating psilocybin experiences in ceremonial settings, indigenous practices, or clinical trials. Respondents completed in-depth, semi-structured qualitative interviews via secure web links. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using Thematic Analysis. Experts with a mean of 15.2 (SD 13.1) years' experience providing psilocybin services expressed the importance of first-hand experience with psychedelics as a qualification for the emerging workforce. One participant questioned the necessity of personal psychedelic experience. Experts suggested that personal experience may indirectly support high-quality care because it enhances facilitators' personal wellbeing, and may help facilitators understand the complexity and nature of their clients' psychedelic experiences. Novel state-legal psychedelic paradigms create a real-world opportunity to assess associations between facilitators' personal psychedelic experience and the safety and outcomes of psychedelic services.
{"title":"Personal Psychedelic Experience as a Training Qualification for Facilitators: A Thematic Analysis of Qualitative Interviews with Psilocybin Experts.","authors":"Ar Wilson-Poe, Ka Hoffman, K Pertl, Jb Luoma, A Bazinet, Cs Stauffer, D McCarty, Pt Korthuis","doi":"10.1080/02791072.2024.2401982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2024.2401982","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Emerging legal frameworks in Oregon and Colorado license facilitators to support adults receiving psychedelic services. The current legal frameworks are silent regarding facilitators' personal experience with psychedelics. An e-Delphi process recruited 36 experts with at least 5 years' experience facilitating psilocybin experiences in ceremonial settings, indigenous practices, or clinical trials. Respondents completed in-depth, semi-structured qualitative interviews via secure web links. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using Thematic Analysis. Experts with a mean of 15.2 (SD 13.1) years' experience providing psilocybin services expressed the importance of first-hand experience with psychedelics as a qualification for the emerging workforce. One participant questioned the necessity of personal psychedelic experience. Experts suggested that personal experience may indirectly support high-quality care because it enhances facilitators' personal wellbeing, and may help facilitators understand the complexity and nature of their clients' psychedelic experiences. Novel state-legal psychedelic paradigms create a real-world opportunity to assess associations between facilitators' personal psychedelic experience and the safety and outcomes of psychedelic services.</p>","PeriodicalId":16902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychoactive drugs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142289788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-12DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2024.2401977
Alan K Davis, Mark Bates, Erik M Lund, Nathan D Sepeda, Adam W Levin, Stacey B Armstrong, Robert Koffman, Katinka Hooyer, Rachel Yehuda
We sought to identify patterns of psychedelic use among United States military veterans, compare demographic variables and perspectives of those who did and did not report use, and characterize benefits and adverse outcomes associated with use. Respondents (N = 426) were recruited to complete an online cross-sectional survey. Approximately one-half (51%) reported using psychedelics. Most did so for healing/treatment (70%) and/or spiritual purposes (48%), and most (85%) reported benefiting from use. Those who used psychedelics reported they would be more likely to use VA services (p < .001, d = 0.64) and to return to the VA for care (p < .001, d = 0.79) if psychedelic therapy was offered. Almost two-thirds (59%) reported adverse outcomes associated with use. Equivalent proportions rated their psychedelic experiences as beneficial among those who did (89%) and did not (81%) report adverse outcomes. Fewer adverse outcomes were associated with being older, using psilocybin, feeling prepared and confident in the reasons for use, being in a comfortable setting, and being able to "trust, let go, and be open" (Rc = 0.77; p < .001). Psychedelics may offer benefits but may also lead to adverse outcomes without proper preparation and support. Future research should examine the utility of psychedelic-based approaches for veteran mental health care.
我们试图确定美国退伍军人使用迷幻药的模式,比较使用和未使用迷幻药的退伍军人的人口统计学变量和观点,并描述与使用迷幻药相关的益处和不良后果。我们招募了受访者(N = 426)来完成一项在线横断面调查。约有二分之一(51%)的受访者表示使用过迷幻药。大多数人是为了治愈/治疗(70%)和/或精神上的目的(48%),大多数人(85%)表示从使用中受益。使用过迷幻药的人称他们更有可能使用退伍军人服务(P P C = 0.77;P P C = 0.77)。
{"title":"The Epidemiology of Psychedelic Use Among United States Military Veterans.","authors":"Alan K Davis, Mark Bates, Erik M Lund, Nathan D Sepeda, Adam W Levin, Stacey B Armstrong, Robert Koffman, Katinka Hooyer, Rachel Yehuda","doi":"10.1080/02791072.2024.2401977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2024.2401977","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We sought to identify patterns of psychedelic use among United States military veterans, compare demographic variables and perspectives of those who did and did not report use, and characterize benefits and adverse outcomes associated with use. Respondents (<i>N</i> = 426) were recruited to complete an online cross-sectional survey. Approximately one-half (51%) reported using psychedelics. Most did so for healing/treatment (70%) and/or spiritual purposes (48%), and most (85%) reported benefiting from use. Those who used psychedelics reported they would be more likely to use VA services (<i>p</i> < .001, d = 0.64) and to return to the VA for care (<i>p</i> < .001, d = 0.79) if psychedelic therapy was offered. Almost two-thirds (59%) reported adverse outcomes associated with use. Equivalent proportions rated their psychedelic experiences as beneficial among those who did (89%) and did not (81%) report adverse outcomes. Fewer adverse outcomes were associated with being older, using psilocybin, feeling prepared and confident in the reasons for use, being in a comfortable setting, and being able to \"trust, let go, and be open\" (R<sub>c</sub> = 0.77; <i>p</i> < .001). Psychedelics may offer benefits but may also lead to adverse outcomes without proper preparation and support. Future research should examine the utility of psychedelic-based approaches for veteran mental health care.</p>","PeriodicalId":16902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychoactive drugs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142289791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Psilocybin, a major indole alkaloid found in magic mushrooms (Psilocybe cubensis), has recently drawn attention as a breakthrough therapy to treat major depressive disorder. This review aimed to summarize and identify knowledge gaps concerning their pharmacokinetic characteristics of psilocybin and its active metabolite, psilocin. Original studies related to pharmacokinetics of psilocybin conducted in vitro, animals, and humans were systematically collected from PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect, from their inceptions to November 2023. Twenty articles were included in this work and assessed for study quality. A comprehensive review of the pharmacokinetics of psilocybin and psilocin in both animals and humans was performed. Psilocybin is considered a prodrug that is dephosphorylated to psilocin by alkaline phosphatase. Following ingestion, the peak psilocin plasma and brain levels were rapidly achieved in a dose-dependent manner. Psilocin is metabolized primarily through both Phase I and Phase II processes with the half-life of 2-3 hours. This review also identified lack of some pharmacokinetic related information and limitations of available research that may help direct future investigations to better understand the pharmacokinetics and improve study design including dose selection and dosage optimization.
迷幻蘑菇(Psilocybe cubensis)中的一种主要吲哚生物碱--迷幻蘑菇素最近作为一种治疗重度抑郁症的突破性疗法引起了人们的关注。本综述旨在总结并找出有关迷幻蘑菇素及其活性代谢物迷幻蘑菇素的药代动力学特征的知识空白。我们从 PubMed、Scopus 和 ScienceDirect 上系统地收集了从开始到 2023 年 11 月期间在体外、动物和人体中进行的有关迷幻药药代动力学的原始研究。本研究共收录了 20 篇文章,并对其研究质量进行了评估。对迷幻药和迷幻素在动物和人体中的药代动力学进行了全面回顾。迷幻药被认为是一种原药,会被碱性磷酸酶去磷酸化为迷幻素。在摄入后,麦西洛辛的血浆和大脑水平会迅速达到峰值,其变化与剂量有关。西洛辛主要通过 I 期和 II 期过程代谢,半衰期为 2-3 小时。本综述还发现了一些药代动力学相关信息的缺乏和现有研究的局限性,这些信息和局限性可能有助于指导未来的研究,从而更好地了解药代动力学,改进研究设计,包括剂量选择和剂量优化。
{"title":"Pharmacokinetics of Psilocybin, a Tryptamine Alkaloid in Magic Mushroom (<i>Psilocybe cubensis</i>): A Systematic Review.","authors":"Nilubon Thaoboonruang, Manupat Lohitnavy, Ornrat Lohitnavy","doi":"10.1080/02791072.2024.2399128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2024.2399128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Psilocybin, a major indole alkaloid found in magic mushrooms (<i>Psilocybe cubensis</i>), has recently drawn attention as a breakthrough therapy to treat major depressive disorder. This review aimed to summarize and identify knowledge gaps concerning their pharmacokinetic characteristics of psilocybin and its active metabolite, psilocin. Original studies related to pharmacokinetics of psilocybin conducted <i>in vitro</i>, animals, and humans were systematically collected from PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect, from their inceptions to November 2023. Twenty articles were included in this work and assessed for study quality. A comprehensive review of the pharmacokinetics of psilocybin and psilocin in both animals and humans was performed. Psilocybin is considered a prodrug that is dephosphorylated to psilocin by alkaline phosphatase. Following ingestion, the peak psilocin plasma and brain levels were rapidly achieved in a dose-dependent manner. Psilocin is metabolized primarily through both Phase I and Phase II processes with the half-life of 2-3 hours. This review also identified lack of some pharmacokinetic related information and limitations of available research that may help direct future investigations to better understand the pharmacokinetics and improve study design including dose selection and dosage optimization.</p>","PeriodicalId":16902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychoactive drugs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142289789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-04DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2024.2397427
Georgia Best, Eva Morunga, Alesha Wells, Jenny Allison, Lisa Reynolds
People with cancer experience higher rates of psychological dysfunction than the general population, with extreme inequity among indigenous people. Psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT) is a reemerging area with promising evidence as a treatment for mental health difficulties. The current study aimed to investigate the perceptions of PAT in indigenous (Māori) and non-indigenous cancer patients in Aotearoa, New Zealand. Eighty-five cancer patients (Māori n = 32, non-Māori n = 53) completed a brief anonymous survey assessing demographics, psychological factors, and awareness and perceptions of PAT. Participants were recruited online (via social media and cancer support e-mail lists) and in person at Auckland City Hospital. Maori had significantly poorer psychological well-being than non-Māori. All participants had low awareness of this novel treatment and held largely neutral attitudes. Regression analyses revealed that predictors of more favorable attitudes toward PAT included greater awareness of psychedelics, advanced cancer stage, younger age, poorer holistic well-being, greater demoralization, and prioritizing treatment effectiveness over possible risks and uncertainty. The current study provides a foundational step in exploring perceptions toward PAT in indigenous and non-indigenous groups. These results have the potential to shape future research trials investigating PAT and further highlight the importance of indigenous involvement in the psychedelic research space.
与普通人相比,癌症患者的心理功能障碍发生率更高,而在原住民中则极不公平。迷幻辅助疗法(PAT)是一个新兴领域,作为治疗心理健康问题的一种方法,其前景看好。本研究旨在调查新西兰奥特亚罗瓦原住民(毛利人)和非原住民癌症患者对迷幻辅助疗法的看法。85名癌症患者(毛利人32人,非毛利人53人)完成了一项简短的匿名调查,调查内容包括人口统计学、心理因素、对PAT的认识和看法。调查对象通过网络(社交媒体和癌症支持电子邮件列表)和奥克兰市立医院亲自招募。毛利人的心理健康水平明显低于非毛利人。所有参与者对这种新疗法的认知度都很低,而且基本上持中立态度。回归分析表明,对 PAT 持更赞成态度的预测因素包括:对迷幻剂的认识程度更高、癌症晚期、年龄更小、整体健康状况更差、士气更低落、治疗效果优先于可能的风险和不确定性。目前的研究为探索土著和非土著群体对 PAT 的看法迈出了奠基性的一步。这些结果有可能影响未来调查 PAT 的研究试验,并进一步强调了原住民参与迷幻药研究领域的重要性。
{"title":"A Cross-Sectional Survey Investigating Māori and Non-Māori Cancer Patients' Views on Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy in Aotearoa New Zealand.","authors":"Georgia Best, Eva Morunga, Alesha Wells, Jenny Allison, Lisa Reynolds","doi":"10.1080/02791072.2024.2397427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2024.2397427","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>People with cancer experience higher rates of psychological dysfunction than the general population, with extreme inequity among indigenous people. Psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT) is a reemerging area with promising evidence as a treatment for mental health difficulties. The current study aimed to investigate the perceptions of PAT in indigenous (Māori) and non-indigenous cancer patients in Aotearoa, New Zealand. Eighty-five cancer patients (Māori <i>n</i> = 32, non-Māori <i>n</i> = 53) completed a brief anonymous survey assessing demographics, psychological factors, and awareness and perceptions of PAT. Participants were recruited online (via social media and cancer support e-mail lists) and in person at Auckland City Hospital. Maori had significantly poorer psychological well-being than non-Māori. All participants had low awareness of this novel treatment and held largely neutral attitudes. Regression analyses revealed that predictors of more favorable attitudes toward PAT included greater awareness of psychedelics, advanced cancer stage, younger age, poorer holistic well-being, greater demoralization, and prioritizing treatment effectiveness over possible risks and uncertainty. The current study provides a foundational step in exploring perceptions toward PAT in indigenous and non-indigenous groups. These results have the potential to shape future research trials investigating PAT and further highlight the importance of indigenous involvement in the psychedelic research space.</p>","PeriodicalId":16902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychoactive drugs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142126047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-02DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2024.2395494
J Frankeberger, T Perdue, E Ramirez, A Valdez, A Cepeda
Using data from Proyecto SALTO, a 15-year follow-up study of a cohort of Mexican American women in a low-income community in San Antonio, Texas, this study examines emerging patterns of current methamphetamine (MA) use, including opioid co-use, among this understudied population. A bivariate analysis compared individuals with and without current MA use and identified sociodemographic correlates and co-occurring mental health and substance use. A secondary analysis compared those with current MA use, opioid use, and concurrent MA and opioid use. Nineteen percent of the sample had current MA use. MA use was associated with having a lower income (OR = 7.04-1.93, SE = 1.59-5.46), residential instability (OR = 5.19, SE = 1.99), and suicidal ideation (OR = 2.62, SE = 0.93). Participants with MA use had more than four times the odds of using opioids than those without MA use. Women with concurrent MA and opioid use differed in sociodemographics and behavioral risks compared to those with only MA or only opioid use. These findings explore the social, mental health, and structural inequities that exacerbate risks and harms associated with high-risk substance use among marginalized Latino populations. Prevention and intervention strategies should adopt a holistic approach that considers and addresses polysubstance use, mental health, and the sociocultural contexts in which individuals live.
SALTO 项目是一项对德克萨斯州圣安东尼奥低收入社区的墨西哥裔美国妇女队列进行的为期 15 年的跟踪研究,本研究利用该项目提供的数据,探讨了这一未得到充分研究的人群中当前使用甲基苯丙胺(MA)的新模式,包括阿片类药物的共同使用。一项双变量分析比较了目前使用和未使用甲基苯丙胺的人群,并确定了社会人口学相关因素以及精神健康和药物使用的共存情况。二次分析比较了目前使用 MA、使用阿片类药物以及同时使用 MA 和阿片类药物的人群。19%的样本目前使用 MA。使用 MA 与收入较低(OR = 7.04-1.93,SE = 1.59-5.46)、居住不稳定(OR = 5.19,SE = 1.99)和自杀倾向(OR = 2.62,SE = 0.93)有关。使用 MA 的参与者使用阿片类药物的几率是未使用 MA 的参与者的四倍多。与仅使用 MA 或仅使用阿片类药物的女性相比,同时使用 MA 和阿片类药物的女性在社会人口统计学和行为风险方面存在差异。这些发现探讨了社会、心理健康和结构上的不平等,这些不平等加剧了边缘化拉丁裔人群使用高风险药物的相关风险和危害。预防和干预策略应采用综合方法,考虑并解决多种药物使用、心理健康以及个人所处的社会文化背景等问题。
{"title":"Correlates of Current Methamphetamine Use and Opioid Co-Use Among Latina Women in a Low-Income Community.","authors":"J Frankeberger, T Perdue, E Ramirez, A Valdez, A Cepeda","doi":"10.1080/02791072.2024.2395494","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02791072.2024.2395494","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Using data from Proyecto SALTO, a 15-year follow-up study of a cohort of Mexican American women in a low-income community in San Antonio, Texas, this study examines emerging patterns of current methamphetamine (MA) use, including opioid co-use, among this understudied population. A bivariate analysis compared individuals with and without current MA use and identified sociodemographic correlates and co-occurring mental health and substance use. A secondary analysis compared those with current MA use, opioid use, and concurrent MA and opioid use. Nineteen percent of the sample had current MA use. MA use was associated with having a lower income (OR = 7.04-1.93, <i>SE</i> = 1.59-5.46), residential instability (OR = 5.19, <i>SE</i> = 1.99), and suicidal ideation (OR = 2.62, <i>SE</i> = 0.93). Participants with MA use had more than four times the odds of using opioids than those without MA use. Women with concurrent MA and opioid use differed in sociodemographics and behavioral risks compared to those with only MA or only opioid use. These findings explore the social, mental health, and structural inequities that exacerbate risks and harms associated with high-risk substance use among marginalized Latino populations. Prevention and intervention strategies should adopt a holistic approach that considers and addresses polysubstance use, mental health, and the sociocultural contexts in which individuals live.</p>","PeriodicalId":16902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychoactive drugs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142108600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2023-09-13DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2023.2242361
Elisabeth Prevete, Valeria Catalani, Darshan Singh, Kim P C Kuypers, Eef L Theunissen, Honor D Townshend, Hani Banayoti, Johannes G Ramaekers, Massimo Pasquini, Ornella Corazza
In recent years, the online sale of kratom (Mitragyna speciosa), a Southeast Asian plant with both medicinal and psychoactive properties, has raised health concerns mainly due to the uncontrolled diffusion of adulterated kratom-related products. This exploratory study provides, for the first time, a snapshot of the availability of kratom products on the darknet which has been further validated by data searches on the surface web. A total of 231 listings of kratom across 23 darknet marketplaces were identified between March 2020 and October 2021. Among these, 40 were found actively sold across five markets by thirteen vendors. Listed items were mainly advertised as "safe" substitutes for medicinal products for the self-management of pain and other health conditions and offered in various forms (e.g., dry leaf powder, pills, capsules). Purchases were made using cryptocurrencies, with some vendors offering Pretty Good Privacy, and were shipped from Europe, Australia, the United States, and the United Kingdom. Goods sold by the same sellers also included illicit drugs and fraud-related products. Our study discovered a previously unknown diffusion of kratom products on the darknet mainly for self-treating a variety of medical conditions, suggesting the need for further research and immediate interventions to safeguard the well-being and health of kratom consumers.
{"title":"A Preliminary Inventory of Kratom <i>(Mitragyna Speciosa)</i> Products and Vendors on the Darknet and Cryptomarkets.","authors":"Elisabeth Prevete, Valeria Catalani, Darshan Singh, Kim P C Kuypers, Eef L Theunissen, Honor D Townshend, Hani Banayoti, Johannes G Ramaekers, Massimo Pasquini, Ornella Corazza","doi":"10.1080/02791072.2023.2242361","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02791072.2023.2242361","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, the online sale of kratom (<i>Mitragyna speciosa</i>), a Southeast Asian plant with both medicinal and psychoactive properties, has raised health concerns mainly due to the uncontrolled diffusion of adulterated kratom-related products. This exploratory study provides, for the first time, a snapshot of the availability of kratom products on the darknet which has been further validated by data searches on the surface web. A total of 231 listings of kratom across 23 darknet marketplaces were identified between March 2020 and October 2021. Among these, 40 were found actively sold across five markets by thirteen vendors. Listed items were mainly advertised as \"safe\" substitutes for medicinal products for the self-management of pain and other health conditions and offered in various forms (e.g., dry leaf powder, pills, capsules). Purchases were made using cryptocurrencies, with some vendors offering Pretty Good Privacy, and were shipped from Europe, Australia, the United States, and the United Kingdom. Goods sold by the same sellers also included illicit drugs and fraud-related products. Our study discovered a previously unknown diffusion of kratom products on the darknet mainly for self-treating a variety of medical conditions, suggesting the need for further research and immediate interventions to safeguard the well-being and health of kratom consumers.</p>","PeriodicalId":16902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychoactive drugs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10225785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2023-08-08DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2023.2244499
Elton Brás Camargo Júnior, Isabela Santos Noivo, Thallita Caroline Cassiano Gouvea, Maria Neyria de Fatima Fernandes, Edilaine Cristina da Silva Gherardi-Donato
The prevalence of depression and substance use changed significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study explored the association between the use of psychoactive substances and depression in Brazilian university students. This cross-sectional study was conducted between 2021 and 2022. A sample of 1271 students were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST). Hierarchical multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the association between tobacco use, alcohol consumption, illicit substance use, and depression. Among the participants, 424 (33.4%; 95%CI 30.7-36) screened positive for depression (PHQ-9 ≥ 10). Alcohol was the most consumed substance. Recent use of illicit substances was associated with depression (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.59; CI 1.02-2.50). The pattern of moderate or high-risk tobacco use (aOR 2.11; CI 1.31-3.42), alcohol use (aOR 3.40; CI 2.29-5.06), and illicit substances (aOR 1.82; CI 1.15-2.89) were associated with higher chances of depression in adjusted models. Findings highlight the importance of implementing support for mental health among university students. These policies are crucial for addressing maladaptive behaviors, such as substance use, and for mitigating psychological distress, such as depression, which has been exacerbated during the pandemic.
{"title":"Depression and Substance Use Among Brazilian University Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Elton Brás Camargo Júnior, Isabela Santos Noivo, Thallita Caroline Cassiano Gouvea, Maria Neyria de Fatima Fernandes, Edilaine Cristina da Silva Gherardi-Donato","doi":"10.1080/02791072.2023.2244499","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02791072.2023.2244499","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The prevalence of depression and substance use changed significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study explored the association between the use of psychoactive substances and depression in Brazilian university students. This cross-sectional study was conducted between 2021 and 2022. A sample of 1271 students were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST). Hierarchical multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the association between tobacco use, alcohol consumption, illicit substance use, and depression. Among the participants, 424 (33.4%; 95%CI 30.7-36) screened positive for depression (PHQ-9 ≥ 10). Alcohol was the most consumed substance. Recent use of illicit substances was associated with depression (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.59; CI 1.02-2.50). The pattern of moderate or high-risk tobacco use (aOR 2.11; CI 1.31-3.42), alcohol use (aOR 3.40; CI 2.29-5.06), and illicit substances (aOR 1.82; CI 1.15-2.89) were associated with higher chances of depression in adjusted models. Findings highlight the importance of implementing support for mental health among university students. These policies are crucial for addressing maladaptive behaviors, such as substance use, and for mitigating psychological distress, such as depression, which has been exacerbated during the pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":16902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychoactive drugs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9951665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2023.2230571
Uzoji Nwanaji-Enwerem, Mark Beitel, David E Oberleitner, Marina Gaeta Gazzola, Kathryn F Eggert, Lindsay M S Oberleitner, Oluwole Jegede, Xiaoying Zheng, Nancy S Redeker, Lynn M Madden, Declan T Barry
This study sought to examine demographic, treatment-related, and diagnosis-related correlates of substance use disorder (SUD)-related perceived discrimination among patients receiving methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). Participants were 164 patients at nonprofit, low-barrier-to-treatment-access MMT programs. Participants completed measures of demographics, diagnosis-related characteristics (Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI-18) and Depressive Experiences Questionnaire (DEQ)), and treatment-related characteristics. Perceived discrimination was measured on a seven-point Likert-type scale ranging from 1 ("Not at all") to 7 ("Extremely") in response to the item: "I often feel discriminated against because of my substance abuse." Given the variable's distribution, a median split was used to categorize participants into "high" and "low" discrimination groups. Correlates of high and low discrimination were analyzed with bivariate and logistic regression models. Ninety-four participants (57%) reported high SUD-related perceived discrimination. Bivariate analyses identified six statistically significant correlates of SUD-related perceived discrimination (P < .05): age, race, age of onset of opioid use disorder, BSI-18 Depression, DEQ Dependency, and DEQ Self-Criticism. In the final logistic regression model, those with high (versus low) SUD-related perceived discrimination were more likely to report depressive symptoms and be self-critical. Patients in MMT with high compared to low SUD-related perceived discrimination may be more likely to report being depressed and self-critical.
{"title":"Correlates of Perceived Discrimination Related to Substance Use Disorders Among Patients in Methadone Maintenance Treatment.","authors":"Uzoji Nwanaji-Enwerem, Mark Beitel, David E Oberleitner, Marina Gaeta Gazzola, Kathryn F Eggert, Lindsay M S Oberleitner, Oluwole Jegede, Xiaoying Zheng, Nancy S Redeker, Lynn M Madden, Declan T Barry","doi":"10.1080/02791072.2023.2230571","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02791072.2023.2230571","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study sought to examine demographic, treatment-related, and diagnosis-related correlates of substance use disorder (SUD)-related perceived discrimination among patients receiving methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). Participants were 164 patients at nonprofit, low-barrier-to-treatment-access MMT programs. Participants completed measures of demographics, diagnosis-related characteristics (Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI-18) and Depressive Experiences Questionnaire (DEQ)), and treatment-related characteristics. Perceived discrimination was measured on a seven-point Likert-type scale ranging from 1 (\"Not at all\") to 7 (\"Extremely\") in response to the item: \"I often feel discriminated against because of my substance abuse.\" Given the variable's distribution, a median split was used to categorize participants into \"high\" and \"low\" discrimination groups. Correlates of high and low discrimination were analyzed with bivariate and logistic regression models. Ninety-four participants (57%) reported high SUD-related perceived discrimination. Bivariate analyses identified six statistically significant correlates of SUD-related perceived discrimination (<i>P</i> < .05): age, race, age of onset of opioid use disorder, BSI-18 Depression, DEQ Dependency, and DEQ Self-Criticism. In the final logistic regression model, those with high (versus low) SUD-related perceived discrimination were more likely to report depressive symptoms and be self-critical. Patients in MMT with high compared to low SUD-related perceived discrimination may be more likely to report being depressed and self-critical.</p>","PeriodicalId":16902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychoactive drugs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10761588/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9926694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}