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Cardiorespiratory monitoring of the patient in complex chronomagnetic therapy 复杂时磁疗患者的心肺监测
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.18127/j15604136-202204-01
S. G. Gurzhin, V. Zhulev, M. Lapkin, E. M. Proshin, A. V. Shulyakov
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引用次数: 0
Comparison of radiofrequency ablation processes for monopolar and bipolar systems 单极和双极系统射频消融过程的比较
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.18127/j15604136-202103-06
V. Makarov, N. Boos
Most of the manufactured radiofrequency ablation devices use single electrodes inserted into the tumor for heating. In order to increase the volume of heating, they are cooled from the inside, and some have a system for wetting the outer surface of the electrode with saline. The need for necrosis of tumors with a diameter of more than 3 cm made us look for other design solutions that would significantly increase the volume of heated tissue. At the beginning, these were attempts to increase the number of heat sources inside the tumor by opening additional wires in the tumor, then the transition began to increase the number of electrodes to three and increase the number of working zones on each electrode. As a result, heating volumes of 90 cm3 were achieved with a heating time of 45 min. A study of the scientific and technical literature on RFA showed that foreign firms producing ablation devices already understand the need to replace monopolar electrodes with bipolar multi-electrode devices. The reason for this is not only the better postoperative characteristics of the use of bipolar electrodes, but also the emergence, in addition to oncology, of new areas of ablation application, where more complex forms of thermal fields are used during therapy, for example, tubular zones of necrosis. A radical solution to the problem of increasing the volume of coagulation is the transition from monopolar single electrodes to bipolar multielectrode designs. In this case, the electric field is concentrated in the areas between the electrodes and the heating efficiency increases significantly throughout the tumor volume, including the peripheral part. The most effective way is to incorporate bipolar electrodes into a circular cluster, allowing all electrodes to work simultaneously. Under the control of an ultrasound scanner, 4 to 12 electrodes are inserted, operating in bipolar mode. A model has been developed and the design of a four-electrode cluster has been developed, which allows for distributed heating of the tumor in a bipolar mode. As a result of the studies carried out, it was found that the use of bipolar systems allows: to significantly increase the volume of the area of necrosis due to the possibility of increasing the power supplied to the tumor; to reduce the unevenness of heating over the volume of the tumor by obtaining temperature fields, the shape of which is closest to the required one; improve patient survival rates by placing electrodes outside the tumor (“NO TOUCH” mode). The work performed indicates the technical possibility of a significant increase in the volume of destroyed tissue by increasing the number of electrodes and placing electrodes along the tumor volume closer to the periphery, including the ablastic zone. As a result, it became possible to heat tumors from their periphery without contacting the electrodes with the tumor. The increase in the number of heat sources made it possible not only to reduce the load on the electrodes
大多数制造的射频消融装置使用插入肿瘤的单个电极进行加热。为了增加加热的体积,它们从内部冷却,有些还有一个用盐水湿润电极外表面的系统。对于直径超过3厘米的肿瘤坏死的需求促使我们寻找其他设计方案,以显著增加加热组织的体积。一开始,这些尝试是通过在肿瘤中打开额外的电线来增加肿瘤内部的热源数量,然后转变开始将电极数量增加到三个,并增加每个电极上的工作区域数量。结果,加热时间为45分钟,加热体积达到90立方厘米。一项关于射频消融的科技文献研究表明,生产烧蚀装置的外国公司已经认识到用双极多极装置取代单极电极的必要性。其原因不仅是使用双极电极具有更好的术后特性,而且除了肿瘤学外,还出现了新的消融应用领域,在治疗过程中使用更复杂形式的热场,例如管状坏死区。增加混凝体积的根本解决方案是从单极单电极到双极多电极设计的转变。在这种情况下,电场集中在电极之间的区域,整个肿瘤体积的加热效率显著提高,包括周围部分。最有效的方法是将双极电极合并成一个圆形簇,允许所有电极同时工作。在超声扫描仪的控制下,插入4到12个电极,在双极模式下工作。已经开发了一个模型,并设计了一个四电极簇,它允许在双极模式下对肿瘤进行分布式加热。由于进行了研究,发现双极系统的使用允许:由于增加肿瘤供电的可能性,可以显着增加坏死区域的体积;通过获得形状最接近所需的温度场,减少肿瘤体积上加热的不均匀性;通过在肿瘤外放置电极(“NO TOUCH”模式)来提高患者存活率。所进行的工作表明,通过增加电极的数量并沿着肿瘤体积靠近周围(包括损伤区)放置电极,可以显著增加被破坏组织的体积,这在技术上是可能的。因此,无需将电极与肿瘤接触,就可以从肿瘤周围加热肿瘤。热源数量的增加使得不仅可以减少电极上的负荷,而且可以缩短操作时间。大体积的烧蚀不可避免地增加了多电极系统中电极的数量,这导致了它们与发电机连接的复杂性。到目前为止,如何减小发电机负载的总阻抗仍然是一个未解决的问题。
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引用次数: 0
Memory (recollection) manifestation in electroencephalogram based on wavelet transforms 基于小波变换的脑电图记忆(回忆)表现
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.18127/j15604136-202106-04
E. A. Yumatov, N. Karatygin, E. Dudnik, O. Glazachev, A.I. Filipchenko, L. T. Sushkova, R. V. Isakov, V.A. Al- Haidri, S. Pertsov
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引用次数: 2
Automated complex for remote medical examination 用于远程医疗检查的自动化复合体
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.18127/j15604136-202104-07
M. Kaplan, O. Melnik, M. Nikiforov, D. I. Ustyukov, A. V. Shulyakov
Elements of telemedicine are increasingly being introduced into all spheres of medical services for the population. One promising example is automated systems for remote pre-trip medical examination of drivers. However, most of the telemedicine systems used only control the basic parameters of the body provided for by law. An urgent task is to create methods and tools for a comprehensive assessment of the driver's health based on processing of a set of biomedical signals and data that allow tracking the dynamics of the functional and psychoemotional status. Purpose – development of an automated system for remote medical examination of drivers, which allows not only to monitor basic health indicators for admission to a flight, but also to track indirect signs of fatigue, stress and exposure to psychoactive substances that can provoke inappropriate behavior on the road. A microprocessor-based system for collecting and preliminary processing of information received from a set of biomedical sensors has been developed. The original modules for measuring blood pressure and pulse, non-contact temperature measurement and tremor parameters evaluating have been implemented. The set of diagnostic procedures for the pre-trip examination is implemented in a unified cycle, which ensures the complexity of the interpretation of the results. The developed automated complex and the hardware and software tools included in it can be used to conduct pre-trip examinations of drivers of public and special transport, providing an increase in the diagnostic efficiency of identifying signs that are risk factors when the driver is allowed to work.
越来越多地将远程医疗的要素引入人口医疗服务的各个领域。一个很有前景的例子是对司机进行旅行前远程医疗检查的自动化系统。然而,大多数远程医疗系统只控制法律规定的身体基本参数。一项紧迫的任务是创造一种方法和工具,基于一组生物医学信号和数据的处理,对驾驶员的健康状况进行全面评估,从而跟踪功能和心理状态的动态。目的——开发对驾驶员进行远程医疗检查的自动化系统,不仅可以监测登机前的基本健康指标,还可以跟踪疲劳、压力和接触精神活性物质的间接迹象,这些迹象可能在道路上引发不当行为。开发了一种基于微处理器的系统,用于收集和初步处理从一组生物医学传感器接收到的信息。实现了原有的血压和脉搏测量、非接触式温度测量和震颤参数评估模块。起下钻前检查的诊断程序集在一个统一的周期中实施,这确保了结果解释的复杂性。开发的自动化综合设施及其硬件和软件工具可用于对公共和特殊交通工具的司机进行出行前检查,从而提高诊断效率,在司机获准工作时识别危险因素的迹象。
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引用次数: 0
Implementation of optimal multi-rate cardiac signal processing on a 1967BH028 DSP from “Milandr” design center in order to analyze heart rate variability 在Milandr设计中心的1967BH028 DSP上实现最优多速率心脏信号处理,以分析心率变异性
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.18127/j15604136-202104-11
T. Vityazeva
The analysis of heart rate variability in recent years has become very widespread as a tool for versatile diagnostics of the functional state of the human body. The analysis of heart rate variability is associated with processing procedures characterized by high requirements for the speed of the computational element base. These procedures, however, must be performed in real time in an embedded computing system. The article deals with the problem of reducing the number of computational operations and an implementation of heart rate variability on modern processor elements offered by the domestic industry. The aim of the work is to model the optimal structure of multi-rate signal processing in the analysis of heart rate variability and to implement this structure on a digital signal processor with an estimate of processing time and `memory costs. By modeling, it is shown that the developed optimal structure of multi-rate processing allows getting a reliable processing result while reducing computational costs by several hundred thousand times compared to the implementation at the original sampling frequency. The optimal structure is constructed as a two-stage filtering-decimation structure, followed by passing the signal at a reduced sampling rate through a set of analysis filters. The end-to-end decimation factor is 500. The simulation results allow us to proceed to the implementation on the signal processor. The program codes of the main processing stages, including filtration and filtration decimation, have been developed. It is shown that the processing time with high-quality optimization of program codes can reach 10 million clock cycles, which corresponds to 23 ms and fully satisfies the real-time processing requirement, leaving a large margin for implementing additional more complex analysis algorithms on the same processor. The practical significance of the results is that in addition to the proposed method of reducing computational and memory costs, a prototype of a possible device based on one of the most popular domestic signal processors is obtained.
近年来,心率变异性分析作为一种多功能诊断人体功能状态的工具已经得到了广泛的应用。心率变异性的分析与处理程序有关,其特点是对计算单元基的速度要求很高。然而,这些过程必须在嵌入式计算系统中实时执行。本文讨论了在国内工业提供的现代处理器元件上减少计算运算次数和实现心率变异性的问题。这项工作的目的是在心率变异性分析中建立多速率信号处理的最佳结构模型,并在估计处理时间和内存成本的情况下在数字信号处理器上实现该结构。通过建模表明,所开发的多速率处理优化结构与原采样频率下的实现相比,可以获得可靠的处理结果,同时将计算成本降低数十万倍。最优结构为两级滤波-抽取结构,然后以降低的采样率将信号通过一组分析滤波器。端到端的抽取因子是500。仿真结果允许我们继续在信号处理器上实现。开发了过滤和过滤抽取等主要处理阶段的程序代码。结果表明,高质量优化程序代码的处理时间可达1000万个时钟周期,相当于23 ms,完全满足实时处理要求,为在同一处理器上实现更复杂的附加分析算法留下了很大的空间。该结果的实际意义在于,除了提出的减少计算和存储成本的方法外,还获得了基于国内最流行的信号处理器之一的可能器件的原型。
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引用次数: 0
Results of the hidden correlation study narrowband noise signals for information and measurement systems and diagnostic tools for medical purposes 研究窄带噪声信号在信息测量系统和医疗诊断工具中的隐相关性
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.18127/j15604136-202204-03
E. I. Chernov, N. E. Sobolev, A. N. Vlasov
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引用次数: 0
Hypoventilation breathing as a means of increasing the adaptability of the human body to intense physical work to failure 低通气呼吸作为提高人体对高强度体力劳动适应能力的一种手段
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.18127/j15604136-202202-02
S. Klassina
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引用次数: 0
EHF-therapy for correction of rheological properties of blood in chronic prostatitis (experimental in vitro study) ehf治疗慢性前列腺炎患者血液流变学特性的研究(体外实验研究)
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.18127/j15604136-202202-07
S. Kopylova, O.A. Sukharevskaya, A. A. Kazakov, A. B. Stroganov, S.V. Semennikova
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引用次数: 0
Portable device equipped with the vibrotactile feedback to support the home physical rehabilitation 配备振动触觉反馈的便携式设备,支持家庭物理康复
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.18127/j15604136-202104-14
A. Alpatov, M. S. Ashapkina
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引用次数: 0
Human respiratory monitoring during sleep using a two-channel bioradar 使用双通道生物雷达监测睡眠时的人体呼吸
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.18127/j15604136-202105-06
L. Anishchenko, V.S. Lobanova, I. Davydova, E. Ivanisova, L. Korostovtseva, M. Bochkarev, Y. Sviryaev, A. Bugaev
permanent sleep deprivation and a decrease in sleep quality. Currently, in clinical practice, the method of polysomnography is used to detect sleep disorders. This method is expensive, labor and time-consuming, as well as uncomfortable for the patient. Therefore, at present, the problem of creating accurate, reliable and comfortable for the patients methods for assessing the sleep quality, as well as identifying and monitoring various sleep disorders, remains an up-to-date task of modern biomedical engineering. One of these methods is bioradiolocation, which allows detecting sleep disorders based on the variability of the breathing pattern of a sleeping person. However, because the amplitude of chest movements during breathing in different directions differs by an order of magnitude, the quality of the signal received by the bioradar during sleep also varies depending on the orientation of the sleeping person relative to the bioradar. To overcome this problem, in this article we propose a combined use of two bioradars oriented at different angles towards to the sleeping person. Thus, the aim of this work was to develop a bioradar system that provides reliable registration of the breathing pattern for various positions of a sleeping person. During the experiments, we used two monochromatic bioradars "BioRASCAN-24" with probing frequencies in the range of 24.0 and 24.1 GHz, located at an angle of 90 ° to each other. In this work, we used bioradar data recorded for seven volunteers who underwent polysomnographic research at the sleep laboratory of Almazov National Medical Research Centre. During the night, a parallel recording of bioradar signals and polysomnographic data was carried out for each subject using the Embla N7000 system (Natus Neurology Inc., USA). The duration of the experimental recording for each subject was from 7 to 9 hours. An algorithm was developed to extract a breathing pattern from a bioradar signal and estimate the respiratory rate of a sleeping person. It consisted of the following stages: synchronization of the bioradar and polysomnographic signals, demodulation, exclusion from consideration of signal fragments containing motion artifacts, signal filtering in order to isolate the breathing pattern, assessment of respiration rate in the inter-artifact periods for each of the bioradars separately, the final estimation of the respiration rate for the inter-artifact periods, taking into account the combination of data for both radars. Bioradar signal processing algorithms were done utilizing Matlab 2020b. To assess the accuracy of the proposed algorithm, we compared the respiratory rates calculated for each 30-second epoch using bioradar data with similar parameters calculated by the abdominal belt polysomnography sensor. The efficiency of the proposed algorithm was estimated by the accuracy and the mean absolute error. The results obtained for seven volunteers showed that the developed two-channel bioradar system turned out to
长期睡眠不足和睡眠质量下降。目前,在临床实践中,多导睡眠图的方法被用来检测睡眠障碍。这种方法昂贵、费力、耗时,而且对患者不舒服。因此,如何建立准确、可靠、舒适的患者睡眠质量评估方法,识别和监测各种睡眠障碍,仍然是现代生物医学工程的最新课题。其中一种方法是生物放射定位,它可以根据睡眠者呼吸模式的可变性来检测睡眠障碍。然而,由于不同方向呼吸时胸部运动的幅度相差一个数量级,因此睡眠时生物雷达接收到的信号质量也会随着睡眠者相对于生物雷达的方向而变化。为了克服这个问题,在这篇文章中,我们提出了一种结合使用两个生物雷达的方法,它们以不同的角度朝向睡眠中的人。因此,这项工作的目的是开发一种生物雷达系统,为睡眠者的各种姿势提供可靠的呼吸模式记录。在实验中,我们使用了两个单色生物雷达“BioRASCAN-24”,探测频率在24.0和24.1 GHz范围内,彼此成90°角。在这项工作中,我们使用了7名志愿者的生物雷达数据,他们在阿尔马佐夫国家医学研究中心的睡眠实验室接受了多导睡眠图研究。在夜间,使用Embla N7000系统(Natus Neurology Inc., USA)对每个受试者进行生物雷达信号和多导睡眠图数据的并行记录。每个受试者的实验记录时间为7 ~ 9小时。研究人员开发了一种算法,从生物雷达信号中提取呼吸模式,并估计睡眠者的呼吸频率。它包括以下几个阶段:生物雷达和多导睡眠图信号的同步,解调,不考虑包含运动伪影的信号片段,信号滤波以隔离呼吸模式,分别评估每个生物雷达在伪影间隔期间的呼吸速率,最后估计伪影间隔期间的呼吸速率,同时考虑到两个雷达的数据组合。利用Matlab 2020b完成了生物雷达信号处理算法。为了评估所提出算法的准确性,我们将生物雷达数据计算的每30秒呼吸频率与腹部带式多导睡眠传感器计算的相似参数进行了比较。通过精度和平均绝对误差来评价算法的效率。对7名志愿者的实验结果表明,开发的双通道生物雷达系统比单个生物雷达更准确、更可靠。在进一步的研究过程中,计划扩大数据集,不仅包括与睡眠相关的呼吸障碍,还包括其他睡眠障碍的志愿者的数据。虽然这项工作只有7名志愿者参与,但它仍然是朝着开发可靠的独立于视觉的生物雷达系统迈出的重要一步,该系统用于评估睡眠时的呼吸频率。
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引用次数: 0
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Biomedical Radioelectronics
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