Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.48153/jrrs/2023/katx6199
Yifan Wu, Yang Yang, Mazen Musa, A. Zibrila, Zhang Zhengxiang, Mustafa Salimeen
Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDC sarcoma) is an uncommon neoplasm with few reported cases. We investigated the Computed Tomography (CT) appearance and pathological findings in a 43years-old lady diagnosed with mediastinal FDC sarcoma using pathological tests. It's usually confused with lymphoma. The literature was reviewed for previous FDC sarcoma reports. FDC sarcoma should be considered in asymptomatic patients with mediastinal lymph node lesions with a diameter of more than 1 cm and appear as an ill-defined mass with an arborizing pattern of necrosis. CD21(+) is a specific immunohistochemically marker for determining the pathological diagnosis of FDC sarcoma.
{"title":"CT features, Pathological findings and Clinical data of Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma in the Mediastinum: Case Report and Literature Review","authors":"Yifan Wu, Yang Yang, Mazen Musa, A. Zibrila, Zhang Zhengxiang, Mustafa Salimeen","doi":"10.48153/jrrs/2023/katx6199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48153/jrrs/2023/katx6199","url":null,"abstract":"Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDC sarcoma) is an uncommon neoplasm with few reported cases. We investigated the Computed Tomography (CT) appearance and pathological findings in a 43years-old lady diagnosed with mediastinal FDC sarcoma using pathological tests. It's usually confused with lymphoma. The literature was reviewed for previous FDC sarcoma reports. FDC sarcoma should be considered in asymptomatic patients with mediastinal lymph node lesions with a diameter of more than 1 cm and appear as an ill-defined mass with an arborizing pattern of necrosis. CD21(+) is a specific immunohistochemically marker for determining the pathological diagnosis of FDC sarcoma.","PeriodicalId":16919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiography and Radiation Sciences","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73840187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-05DOI: 10.48153/jrrs/2022/pzrm5102
Geofery Lunti, H. Ahmed, M. M. Abubakar, F. Nkubli, Shatane Ibrahim Namba, A. Adamu
Objectives: To assess the knowledge and practice of Non-accidental injuries (NAI) among radiographers practising within Maiduguri Metropolis. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire to elicit information on knowledge and practice of imaging children with Non-accidental injuries. The information elicited from the questionnaire related to the following themes: Demographic characteristics, knowledge and practice of imaging children with NAI. Informed consent was sought from participants. Descriptive statistics (mean, frequencies) were used to analyze the data. Results: A total of 45 questionnaires were distributed to radiographers, and 36 (100%) were completed and returned. A total of 23 (63.9%) were males and 13 (36.1%) were females. The majority 34 (94.4%) of the respondents had good knowledge of NAI. Skeletal survey was the examination commonly requested in children with NAI as reported by 23 (63.9%) respondents, and the majority of the participants 31 (86.1%) had no speciality training in pediatric imaging. A total of 23 (63.9%) participants knew that using a single film to image the whole body (baby-gram) was an obsolete examination. Conclusion: Radiographers in this study have good knowledge of NAI in children and are involved in imaging children with suspected cases of non-accidental injury. It is evident from the results of this study that NAI among children occurs in our environment and a majority of these cases are underreported and may even go unnoticed. Having adequate knowledge of clinical and radiologic manifestations of NAI in children will enable the radiographer to deliver evidence-based practice in line with international best practices.
{"title":"KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE OF IMAGING OF CHILDREN WITH SUSPECTED CASES OF NON-ACCIDENTAL INJURIES AMONG RADIOGRAPHERS WITHIN MAIDUGURI METROPOLIS, NORTHEASTERN NIGERIA","authors":"Geofery Lunti, H. Ahmed, M. M. Abubakar, F. Nkubli, Shatane Ibrahim Namba, A. Adamu","doi":"10.48153/jrrs/2022/pzrm5102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48153/jrrs/2022/pzrm5102","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To assess the knowledge and practice of Non-accidental injuries (NAI) among radiographers practising within Maiduguri Metropolis. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire to elicit information on knowledge and practice of imaging children with Non-accidental injuries. The information elicited from the questionnaire related to the following themes: Demographic characteristics, knowledge and practice of imaging children with NAI. Informed consent was sought from participants. Descriptive statistics (mean, frequencies) were used to analyze the data. Results: A total of 45 questionnaires were distributed to radiographers, and 36 (100%) were completed and returned. A total of 23 (63.9%) were males and 13 (36.1%) were females. The majority 34 (94.4%) of the respondents had good knowledge of NAI. Skeletal survey was the examination commonly requested in children with NAI as reported by 23 (63.9%) respondents, and the majority of the participants 31 (86.1%) had no speciality training in pediatric imaging. A total of 23 (63.9%) participants knew that using a single film to image the whole body (baby-gram) was an obsolete examination. Conclusion: Radiographers in this study have good knowledge of NAI in children and are involved in imaging children with suspected cases of non-accidental injury. It is evident from the results of this study that NAI among children occurs in our environment and a majority of these cases are underreported and may even go unnoticed. Having adequate knowledge of clinical and radiologic manifestations of NAI in children will enable the radiographer to deliver evidence-based practice in line with international best practices.","PeriodicalId":16919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiography and Radiation Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73553926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.48153/jrrs/2010/yawt6262
E. Ukpong, E. Esien-umo, N. A. James
Background of Study: Radiation protection is of core importance in radiodiagnostic centres, to keep both patients care givers and staff of the centres from stochastic and non- stochastic effects of radiation. The effectiveness and protectiveness of aprons are of valuable importance, it is therefore necessary to assess these aprons to ensure efficacy. Such quality checks have not been reported in the South – South region of Nigeria. Aim: To assess in terms of their quality and therefore protective features, the lead aprons in used radiology clinics in the South-South region of Nigeria. Method: Twenty two protective lead aprons from 18 radiological clinics in South-South Nigeria were directly exposed to X-rays with average factors of 70 ± 5kVp, 16 mAs and 100 cm Source to apron distance, with 43 x 35 cm cassettes places underneath to cover the upper (thoracic half) and the lower (abdominal half) respectively. Exposed films were processed in each centre following regular processing protocols to obtain radiographs with images of the state of the aprons. The images were analyzed on the basis of each apron’s lead equivalence (content), age, brand and the type of defects observed. Defects were characterized into cracks, tears, splits and rips. Physical examination for cleanliness, wear and tear was also carried out. Results: Results showed that 68% of all the aprons under study were defective, having cracks (44%), tears (33%), splits (15%) and/or rips (8%). About 73 % of the defective aprons had more than one (1) type of defect. Up to 87% of the defective aprons had no inherent lead equivalence and manufacturer identification indicated on them. It was observed that about 73% of these defects occurred in aprons of aged between 1-10 years with the area affected in the range of 1.00 – 1000.00 mm2 . Conclusion: Over two-thirds (⅔) of lead aprons found in diagnostic radiology centres in South – South Nigeria, have shown sufficient evidence of defects to suggest that they may not be useful for radiation protection of the users.
研究背景:辐射防护在放射诊断中心是至关重要的，它可以使病人、护理人员和中心工作人员免受随机和非随机辐射的影响。围裙的有效性和保护性非常重要，因此有必要对这些围裙进行评估以确保其有效性。此类质量检查在尼日利亚南部-南部地区尚未报道。目的:评估尼日利亚南南地区放射学诊所使用的铅围裙的质量及其防护特性。方法:将尼日利亚南南地区18个放射诊所的22条铅防护围裙直接暴露在x射线下，平均因子为70 ±5kVp, 16 mAs，源至围裙距离为100 cm，下面放置43 x 35 cm的卡带，分别覆盖上(胸半部分)和下(腹半部分)。曝光的胶片在每个中心按照常规的处理方案进行处理，以获得带有围裙状态图像的射线照片。根据每个apron€™的铅当量(含量)，年龄，品牌和观察到的缺陷类型对图像进行分析。缺陷的特征为裂纹、撕裂、劈裂和撕裂。还进行了清洁和磨损的体检。结果:研究结果显示68%的围裙有缺陷，有裂缝(44%)，撕裂(33%)，裂开(15%)和/或撕裂(8%)。大约73%有缺陷的围裙有一种以上的缺陷。高达87%的缺陷围裙没有固有的铅当量和制造商标识。观察到约73%的缺陷发生在1-10岁的围裙上，受影响的面积在1.00 €1000.00 mm2范围内。结论:在南尼日利亚-南尼日利亚诊断放射中心发现的超过三分之二(…")的铅围裙显示出足够的缺陷证据，表明它们可能对使用者的辐射防护不起作用。
{"title":"An Assessment of the Lead rubber aprons in Radiodiagnostic centres in South-South Nigeria","authors":"E. Ukpong, E. Esien-umo, N. A. James","doi":"10.48153/jrrs/2010/yawt6262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48153/jrrs/2010/yawt6262","url":null,"abstract":"Background of Study: Radiation protection is of core importance in radiodiagnostic centres, to keep both patients care givers and staff of the centres from stochastic and non- stochastic effects of radiation. The effectiveness and protectiveness of aprons are of valuable importance, it is therefore necessary to assess these aprons to ensure efficacy. Such quality checks have not been reported in the South – South region of Nigeria. Aim: To assess in terms of their quality and therefore protective features, the lead aprons in used radiology clinics in the South-South region of Nigeria. Method: Twenty two protective lead aprons from 18 radiological clinics in South-South Nigeria were directly exposed to X-rays with average factors of 70 ± 5kVp, 16 mAs and 100 cm Source to apron distance, with 43 x 35 cm cassettes places underneath to cover the upper (thoracic half) and the lower (abdominal half) respectively. Exposed films were processed in each centre following regular processing protocols to obtain radiographs with images of the state of the aprons. The images were analyzed on the basis of each apron’s lead equivalence (content), age, brand and the type of defects observed. Defects were characterized into cracks, tears, splits and rips. Physical examination for cleanliness, wear and tear was also carried out. Results: Results showed that 68% of all the aprons under study were defective, having cracks (44%), tears (33%), splits (15%) and/or rips (8%). About 73 % of the defective aprons had more than one (1) type of defect. Up to 87% of the defective aprons had no inherent lead equivalence and manufacturer identification indicated on them. It was observed that about 73% of these defects occurred in aprons of aged between 1-10 years with the area affected in the range of 1.00 – 1000.00 mm2 . Conclusion: Over two-thirds (⅔) of lead aprons found in diagnostic radiology centres in South – South Nigeria, have shown sufficient evidence of defects to suggest that they may not be useful for radiation protection of the users.","PeriodicalId":16919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiography and Radiation Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83675682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.48153/jrrs/2010/fmlh1934
N. Egbe, S. Inyang
Background: In 2007, the International Commission for Radiological Protection (ICRP), published a new set of tissues and tissue weighting factors as recommendations in the ICRP publication 103. This altered the parameters contributing to the calculation of effective dose, which is normally used as a single indicator of risk. Purpose: To assess the effect of the 2007 review of tissue weighting factors on measured doses in a clinical setting, using patient doses for chest (CXR) and abdominal (AXR) radiography. Materials & Methods: Patient entrance surface doses(ESD) obtained in a dose audit for chest (CXR) and abdomen (AXR) examinations with Harshaw type Lithium Fluoride thermoluminescent dosemeters (LiF-TLD 100) were used in a Monte Carlo calculation software, XDOSE, developed by the National Radiation Protection Board (NRPB) to calculate organ doses. Effective doses (E mSv) were calculated with both the ICRP 1991 and 2007 recommendations of tissue weighting factors. A 2-sample t-statistic was used to test for differences between the results for both recommendations. Tests were at the 95% confidence interval. Results: The mean effective doses for CXR were found to be 0.04 (range 0.019 to 0.092) mSv and 0.03 (range 0.011 to 0.069) mSv for the 1991 and 2007 recommendations, respectively. Mean abdominal effective dose values were 0.78 (range 0.16 to 2.98) mSv for the 1991 wƮ factors, and 0.49 (range 0.099 to 1.97) mSv for the 2007 recommended factors. The mean percentage difference between the effective doses calculated with wƮ recommendations of 1991 and 2007 respectively came to 1.7 ± 0.6 % with a range between 0.8 and 3.3 % for CXR (p < 0.05) and 35.9 ± 5.6 with a range of 20.8 to 42.3%, for AXR (p = 0.05). Conclusion: Effective doses showed statistically significant differences between the values calculated from the 1991 and 2007 wƮ values for chest radiography. There is however, insufficient evidence to accept a difference for the abdominal effective doses. Wider studies are required to confirm this result.
{"title":"Effective doses in chest and abdominal radiography following the ICRP recommendations of 1991 and 2007 in a regional hospital.","authors":"N. Egbe, S. Inyang","doi":"10.48153/jrrs/2010/fmlh1934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48153/jrrs/2010/fmlh1934","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In 2007, the International Commission for Radiological Protection (ICRP), published a new set of tissues and tissue weighting factors as recommendations in the ICRP publication 103. This altered the parameters contributing to the calculation of effective dose, which is normally used as a single indicator of risk. Purpose: To assess the effect of the 2007 review of tissue weighting factors on measured doses in a clinical setting, using patient doses for chest (CXR) and abdominal (AXR) radiography. Materials & Methods: Patient entrance surface doses(ESD) obtained in a dose audit for chest (CXR) and abdomen (AXR) examinations with Harshaw type Lithium Fluoride thermoluminescent dosemeters (LiF-TLD 100) were used in a Monte Carlo calculation software, XDOSE, developed by the National Radiation Protection Board (NRPB) to calculate organ doses. Effective doses (E mSv) were calculated with both the ICRP 1991 and 2007 recommendations of tissue weighting factors. A 2-sample t-statistic was used to test for differences between the results for both recommendations. Tests were at the 95% confidence interval. Results: The mean effective doses for CXR were found to be 0.04 (range 0.019 to 0.092) mSv and 0.03 (range 0.011 to 0.069) mSv for the 1991 and 2007 recommendations, respectively. Mean abdominal effective dose values were 0.78 (range 0.16 to 2.98) mSv for the 1991 wƮ factors, and 0.49 (range 0.099 to 1.97) mSv for the 2007 recommended factors. The mean percentage difference between the effective doses calculated with wƮ recommendations of 1991 and 2007 respectively came to 1.7 ± 0.6 % with a range between 0.8 and 3.3 % for CXR (p < 0.05) and 35.9 ± 5.6 with a range of 20.8 to 42.3%, for AXR (p = 0.05). Conclusion: Effective doses showed statistically significant differences between the values calculated from the 1991 and 2007 wƮ values for chest radiography. There is however, insufficient evidence to accept a difference for the abdominal effective doses. Wider studies are required to confirm this result.","PeriodicalId":16919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiography and Radiation Sciences","volume":"177 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78019027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.48153/jrrs/2010/jcnl3319
E. Ettah, P. Ushie, F. E. Opara
Background: Luminous efficacy is a property of light sources, which indicates what portion of the emitted electromagnetic radiation is usable for human vision relative to the overall efficiency of a light source for illumination. This also applies to solar panels. Purpose: To confirm the possibility of using solar panel as an alternative source of generating electricity and to highlight hindrances to the maximization of solar panel efficiency in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria using Brass as a case study. Materials and Methods: A Modern digital instrument, BK precision model 615 digital light meter and Alda AVD890C digital multimeter, were use for measurement of solar radiation, current and voltage respectively, under varying conditions of temperature. Result: An average Solar panel temperature of 26.2 oC was recorded in the morning hours. Towards noon, solar panel temperature increased up to 45 0C. Output current also increased from 0.0 to 20.0 x 10-1A. Solar panel temperatures between 26oC and 45oC appeared to favour increase in output current. Above 45oC, output current began to drop despite further increase in solar panel temperature. The best solar panel operating temperature in Brass is 45oC. Between the solar panel temperatures of 26oC and 32oC, output voltage remained relatively stable varying between 8.0V and 8.10V. Conclusion: Within limits, solar panel efficiency appears to be temperature dependent up to a maximum temperature, increasing up to 87.0% at 43.8oC. Higher temperatures appear to be counterproductive on solar panel efficiency.
{"title":"Investigation of the Effect of Solar Panel Temperature on Power Output Efficiency in Brass, Nigeria.","authors":"E. Ettah, P. Ushie, F. E. Opara","doi":"10.48153/jrrs/2010/jcnl3319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48153/jrrs/2010/jcnl3319","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Luminous efficacy is a property of light sources, which indicates what portion of the emitted electromagnetic radiation is usable for human vision relative to the overall efficiency of a light source for illumination. This also applies to solar panels. Purpose: To confirm the possibility of using solar panel as an alternative source of generating electricity and to highlight hindrances to the maximization of solar panel efficiency in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria using Brass as a case study. Materials and Methods: A Modern digital instrument, BK precision model 615 digital light meter and Alda AVD890C digital multimeter, were use for measurement of solar radiation, current and voltage respectively, under varying conditions of temperature. Result: An average Solar panel temperature of 26.2 oC was recorded in the morning hours. Towards noon, solar panel temperature increased up to 45 0C. Output current also increased from 0.0 to 20.0 x 10-1A. Solar panel temperatures between 26oC and 45oC appeared to favour increase in output current. Above 45oC, output current began to drop despite further increase in solar panel temperature. The best solar panel operating temperature in Brass is 45oC. Between the solar panel temperatures of 26oC and 32oC, output voltage remained relatively stable varying between 8.0V and 8.10V. Conclusion: Within limits, solar panel efficiency appears to be temperature dependent up to a maximum temperature, increasing up to 87.0% at 43.8oC. Higher temperatures appear to be counterproductive on solar panel efficiency.","PeriodicalId":16919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiography and Radiation Sciences","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82451615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.48153/jrrs/2009/vgkl1679
I. Garba, A. Speelman, A. Tabari
Background/Objective: Mild Head Injury (MHI) is the most commontype of head trauma, and forms a majority of the injuries seen in the traumaunit (65-85%).1 This study was aimed at using previously identifiedclinical risk factors to determine which category of patients with MHIwould not need to undergo Computed Tomography (CT). This may serveas cost saving measure to patients and hospitals likewise reduce collectiveradiation dose to the population.Methodology: A retrospective study conducted at the trauma unit of ateaching hospital situated in the Cape Metropole. CT scan images of 50patients aged 14 years and above who had MHI and undergone CTexamination were retrieved from the archive. Patients’ information, clinicalhistory and resultant CT findings were collated. Clinical risk factors werecorrelated with abnormal and normal CT scan findings. Data wereanalyzed using chi-square statistic at 95% confidence interval.Results: Twenty three (46%) of the patients had abnormal CT findings,and all presented with one or more of these risk factors; severe headache(10%), skull fracture (20%), scalp injury (6%), loss of consciousness(LOC)(8%) and intoxication(2%). The results were not statisticallysignificant when compared with the normal CT scans group. Four patients(8%) with no risk factors had normal CT scans. All the patients presentingwith the clinical risk factors, of nausea and vomiting 6% (n=50), seizures4% (n=50) had normal CT scan findings.Conclusion: Certain clinical risk factors can be used to suggest theprobability of abnormal CT scan in patients with MHI. Patients with norisk factors such as patients with confusion and disorientation are morelikely to have normal CT findings and may therefore be exempted from CTexamination. Further studies with larger sample size may be helpful invalidating these findings.
背景/目的:轻度颅脑损伤(Mild Head Injury, MHI)是颅脑外伤中最常见的类型，在创伤科中占多数(65-85%)本研究旨在利用先前确定的临床危险因素来确定哪种类型的mhi患者不需要接受计算机断层扫描(CT)。这可以为病人和医院节省费用，同时减少对人口的集体辐射剂量。方法:回顾性研究在位于开普敦大都会教学医院的创伤科进行。从档案中检索了50例14岁及以上的MHI患者的CT扫描图像，并进行了CT检查。整理患者的€™信息、临床病史和由此产生的CT表现。临床危险因素与异常和正常CT扫描结果相关。数据分析采用卡方统计，置信区间为95%。结果:23例(46%)患者CT表现异常，且均表现出上述一种或多种危险因素;严重头痛(10%)、颅骨骨折(20%)、头皮损伤(6%)、意识丧失(8%)和中毒(2%)。与正常CT扫描组比较，结果无统计学意义。4例(8%)无危险因素的患者CT扫描正常。所有表现出临床危险因素的患者中，恶心呕吐6% (n=50)，癫痫发作4% (n=50)的CT扫描结果正常。结论:某些临床危险因素可提示MHI患者CT扫描异常的概率。具有无危险因素的患者，如有意识混乱和定向障碍的患者，更有可能有正常的CT表现，因此可以免除CT检查。更大样本量的进一步研究可能有助于验证这些发现。
{"title":"Mild Head Injury: Criteria for Computed Tomography Scan","authors":"I. Garba, A. Speelman, A. Tabari","doi":"10.48153/jrrs/2009/vgkl1679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48153/jrrs/2009/vgkl1679","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Objective: Mild Head Injury (MHI) is the most commontype of head trauma, and forms a majority of the injuries seen in the traumaunit (65-85%).1 This study was aimed at using previously identifiedclinical risk factors to determine which category of patients with MHIwould not need to undergo Computed Tomography (CT). This may serveas cost saving measure to patients and hospitals likewise reduce collectiveradiation dose to the population.Methodology: A retrospective study conducted at the trauma unit of ateaching hospital situated in the Cape Metropole. CT scan images of 50patients aged 14 years and above who had MHI and undergone CTexamination were retrieved from the archive. Patients’ information, clinicalhistory and resultant CT findings were collated. Clinical risk factors werecorrelated with abnormal and normal CT scan findings. Data wereanalyzed using chi-square statistic at 95% confidence interval.Results: Twenty three (46%) of the patients had abnormal CT findings,and all presented with one or more of these risk factors; severe headache(10%), skull fracture (20%), scalp injury (6%), loss of consciousness(LOC)(8%) and intoxication(2%). The results were not statisticallysignificant when compared with the normal CT scans group. Four patients(8%) with no risk factors had normal CT scans. All the patients presentingwith the clinical risk factors, of nausea and vomiting 6% (n=50), seizures4% (n=50) had normal CT scan findings.Conclusion: Certain clinical risk factors can be used to suggest theprobability of abnormal CT scan in patients with MHI. Patients with norisk factors such as patients with confusion and disorientation are morelikely to have normal CT findings and may therefore be exempted from CTexamination. Further studies with larger sample size may be helpful invalidating these findings.","PeriodicalId":16919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiography and Radiation Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87776029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.48153/jrrs/2009/vrfp3522
A. O. Edom, G. Inah, N. Egbe
3000 radiographs covering chest, upper limb, lower limb,lumbar spine (AP) and skull (PA) from the University ofCalabar teaching hospital (UCTH) were retrospectivelystudied by densitometry to assess the degree of variationin radiographic contrast over a ten year period (1999 –2008). The results show that variation in meanradiographic contrast from year to year was statisticallyinsignificant (p < 0.05) for the respective projectionsstudied. This result implies a relatively basicstandardisation in image quality arising from consistencyin technique acquired over time. The results would serveas a baseline for developing a more robust qualityassurance programme in the hospital.
{"title":"An Assessment of Image Quality of Radiographs in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital by Film Densitometry","authors":"A. O. Edom, G. Inah, N. Egbe","doi":"10.48153/jrrs/2009/vrfp3522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48153/jrrs/2009/vrfp3522","url":null,"abstract":"3000 radiographs covering chest, upper limb, lower limb,lumbar spine (AP) and skull (PA) from the University ofCalabar teaching hospital (UCTH) were retrospectivelystudied by densitometry to assess the degree of variationin radiographic contrast over a ten year period (1999 –2008). The results show that variation in meanradiographic contrast from year to year was statisticallyinsignificant (p < 0.05) for the respective projectionsstudied. This result implies a relatively basicstandardisation in image quality arising from consistencyin technique acquired over time. The results would serveas a baseline for developing a more robust qualityassurance programme in the hospital.","PeriodicalId":16919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiography and Radiation Sciences","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79372148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.48153/jrrs/2009/schn1882
E. Ekpo, Ikamaise Vc, A. Erim, Nnabuchi Ma
Background: Causes of fibroid are still unknown. Despite series ofcytogenetic investigations, the uncertainty remains as to the primary orsecondary genetic changes and their impact on the initiation orpromotion of fibroid development.Purpose: To determine the effect of obesity, nulliparity and delayedchild birth on the occurrence of uterine fibroid.Materials and Methods: A prospective sonographic survey wascarried out in a population of women in South-South region of Nigeria.Ultrasound scan was performed in 240 randomly selected women aged20 – 45 years, presenting for scans at the time of study. Subjects’ agesand reproductive history was obtained to ascertain their parity statusand ages at which parous women had their first children.Results: Results showed a weak positive association (r = 0.1; p<0.05)between uterine fibroid and delayed child birth and nulliparity at 31-35years. A strong positive association (r = 0.9; p<0.05) was observed at36 – 45 years. There was no statistically significant associationbetween low, normal and high body mass index with uterine fibroidhowever, a significant association (r = 0.85; p<0.05) was observedwith obesity.Conclusion: Delayed child birth and nulliparity after 36 years of ageappeared to be the most potent risk factor for uterine fibroid in thepopulation studied.
{"title":"Nulliparity, Delayed Child Birth and Obesity: Potential Risk Factors for Development of Uterine Fibroid in South-South Nigeria","authors":"E. Ekpo, Ikamaise Vc, A. Erim, Nnabuchi Ma","doi":"10.48153/jrrs/2009/schn1882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48153/jrrs/2009/schn1882","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Causes of fibroid are still unknown. Despite series ofcytogenetic investigations, the uncertainty remains as to the primary orsecondary genetic changes and their impact on the initiation orpromotion of fibroid development.Purpose: To determine the effect of obesity, nulliparity and delayedchild birth on the occurrence of uterine fibroid.Materials and Methods: A prospective sonographic survey wascarried out in a population of women in South-South region of Nigeria.Ultrasound scan was performed in 240 randomly selected women aged20 – 45 years, presenting for scans at the time of study. Subjects’ agesand reproductive history was obtained to ascertain their parity statusand ages at which parous women had their first children.Results: Results showed a weak positive association (r = 0.1; p<0.05)between uterine fibroid and delayed child birth and nulliparity at 31-35years. A strong positive association (r = 0.9; p<0.05) was observed at36 – 45 years. There was no statistically significant associationbetween low, normal and high body mass index with uterine fibroidhowever, a significant association (r = 0.85; p<0.05) was observedwith obesity.Conclusion: Delayed child birth and nulliparity after 36 years of ageappeared to be the most potent risk factor for uterine fibroid in thepopulation studied.","PeriodicalId":16919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiography and Radiation Sciences","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88683809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.48153/jrrs//2009/iaxk8286
E. Ettah, E. Eno, A. Udoimuk
Background: The current push for adoption of alternative energysources necessitates research into parameters that would enhancethe optimum harvest of the benefits of such efforts.Purpose: To determine the effects of solar panel temperature on itsefficiency in Calabar, Nigeria, by determining the output currentand voltage changes due to solar panel temperature.Materials and Methods: A modern digital thermometer, Model220k type, and Alda ADV 890C digital multimeter, were used toobtain measurements of solar panel temperatures, current andvoltage, respectively, in Calabar, Nigeria. Comparisons were madeof the values of current and voltage obtained with solar paneltemperature changes, and efficiency of the output of the solarpanels determined by calculation using efficiency as given byKachhava (2003).Results: Results indicate that a maximum output current of18.4x10-1A was recorded at 42.8oC. Beyond this temperature theoutput current dropped down to 12x10-1A at 54.8oC. The voltageoutput remained relatively stable as solar panel temperatureincreased. Power output efficiency dropped from 82.3% at 42.8oCto 52.4% at 54.8oC.Conclusion: High solar panel temperatures may have adverseeffects on solar panel efficiency. The result obtained in this studysuggest a maximum operating temperature of solar panel inCalabar, Nigeria.
{"title":"The Effects of Solar Panel Temperature on the Power Output Efficiency in Calabar, Nigeria","authors":"E. Ettah, E. Eno, A. Udoimuk","doi":"10.48153/jrrs//2009/iaxk8286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48153/jrrs//2009/iaxk8286","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The current push for adoption of alternative energysources necessitates research into parameters that would enhancethe optimum harvest of the benefits of such efforts.Purpose: To determine the effects of solar panel temperature on itsefficiency in Calabar, Nigeria, by determining the output currentand voltage changes due to solar panel temperature.Materials and Methods: A modern digital thermometer, Model220k type, and Alda ADV 890C digital multimeter, were used toobtain measurements of solar panel temperatures, current andvoltage, respectively, in Calabar, Nigeria. Comparisons were madeof the values of current and voltage obtained with solar paneltemperature changes, and efficiency of the output of the solarpanels determined by calculation using efficiency as given byKachhava (2003).Results: Results indicate that a maximum output current of18.4x10-1A was recorded at 42.8oC. Beyond this temperature theoutput current dropped down to 12x10-1A at 54.8oC. The voltageoutput remained relatively stable as solar panel temperatureincreased. Power output efficiency dropped from 82.3% at 42.8oCto 52.4% at 54.8oC.Conclusion: High solar panel temperatures may have adverseeffects on solar panel efficiency. The result obtained in this studysuggest a maximum operating temperature of solar panel inCalabar, Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":16919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiography and Radiation Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79521068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-20DOI: 10.48153/jrrs.v29i1.227065
Nsofor I. Ifeoma Okafor H. Chioma, Okon E. Ime
Background: For prevention of nosocomial infections in Radiography practice, it is imperative to disinfect surfaces used by all patients with appropriate disinfectants.Objective: To determine the disinfectants that are most active in eliminating micro-organisms identified on hard surfaces of equipment and accessories in the radiology department of a tertiary hospital. Methodology: Efficacy of Savlon (chlorohexidine), Jik (Sodium hydrochlorite), and Dettol (Chloroxylenol) were tested. Each examined surface was divided into three horizontal parts. Three BS medichem swabs were moistened with distilled water and used to collect sample along each surface at different points. The surfaces were cleaned with each undiluted disinfectant and allowed to dry for 20 minutes. Three different moistened swabs were used to collect another fresh sample. Chocolate agar was used to prepare the samples and later incubated in incumaxTM incubator for 24 hours at 370C. Colonies were identified under national light microscope.Results: Colony count before disinfection was one 150. After cleaning, it reduced to 60. The isolated organisms were: Staphycoccus aureus, Candida albicans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa coliform and Escherichia coli. Staphylococcus aureus which had the highest colony count of 51 before disinfection was reduced to 14 after disinfection. Escherichia coli had the least colony count before and after disinfection. Jik (sodium hydrochlorite) reduced the total bacterial load form 51 to 14 counts.Conclusion: Sodium hypochlorite (Jik) is the most effective disinfectant noticed in our centre.
{"title":"Surface Management in Prevention of Nosocomial Infections in Radiography Practice","authors":"Nsofor I. Ifeoma Okafor H. Chioma, Okon E. Ime","doi":"10.48153/jrrs.v29i1.227065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48153/jrrs.v29i1.227065","url":null,"abstract":"Background: For prevention of nosocomial infections in Radiography practice, it is imperative to disinfect surfaces used by all patients with appropriate disinfectants.Objective: To determine the disinfectants that are most active in eliminating micro-organisms identified on hard surfaces of equipment and accessories in the radiology department of a tertiary hospital. Methodology: Efficacy of Savlon (chlorohexidine), Jik (Sodium hydrochlorite), and Dettol (Chloroxylenol) were tested. Each examined surface was divided into three horizontal parts. Three BS medichem swabs were moistened with distilled water and used to collect sample along each surface at different points. The surfaces were cleaned with each undiluted disinfectant and allowed to dry for 20 minutes. Three different moistened swabs were used to collect another fresh sample. Chocolate agar was used to prepare the samples and later incubated in incumaxTM incubator for 24 hours at 370C. Colonies were identified under national light microscope.Results: Colony count before disinfection was one 150. After cleaning, it reduced to 60. The isolated organisms were: Staphycoccus aureus, Candida albicans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa coliform and Escherichia coli. Staphylococcus aureus which had the highest colony count of 51 before disinfection was reduced to 14 after disinfection. Escherichia coli had the least colony count before and after disinfection. Jik (sodium hydrochlorite) reduced the total bacterial load form 51 to 14 counts.Conclusion: Sodium hypochlorite (Jik) is the most effective disinfectant noticed in our centre.","PeriodicalId":16919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiography and Radiation Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89460647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：