Pub Date : 2022-06-12DOI: 10.48153/jrrs/2016/qxdu7647
Salma Suleiman Dauda, M. Sidi, Aziza Oretokun, H. Mohammed, A. Dare
Background: Nosocomial infections have become a major challenge in health institutions, as they affect the quality of health care delivered. The radiology department is one of the mainstays of modern medicine. It is therefore, necessary to assess its contamination by nosocomial organisms.Aim: The study aims at identifying the nosocomial bacteria associated with imaging equipment and accessories in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria.Methods: The study design was prospective and cross-sectional in nature, and was conducted between Oct 2014 to Jan 2015 using disproportionate stratified random sampling method. Four different conventional x-ray units, fluoroscopy, computed tomography, angiography and ultrasound units were selected. Swabs were collected from the surfaces of the selected parts of the equipment and accessories after working hours in each unit. The swabs were taken to the microbiology laboratory for culturing and identification using standard laboratory procedure. A total of 200 cultured samples were used in the study. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS version 16.0 software.Results: Bacteria were isolated in 43.5 % (n = 87) of all the swab samples with ultrasound transducer as major culture. Specific bacteria isolated were: Staphylococcus aureus (n = 65; 74.7 %), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 14; 16.1 %), Bacillus spp (n = 6; 6.9 %), Klebsiella spp (n = 1; 1.1 %) and Proteus spp (n = 1; 1.1 %). Methylated spirit was the most effective chemical disinfectant. Conclusion: Radiology equipment and accessories in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital are not entirely free of bacteria. Meticulous attention to disinfection will safeguard staff and other patients from nosocomial infections.
{"title":"Radiological equipment and accessories as sources of nosocomial infection","authors":"Salma Suleiman Dauda, M. Sidi, Aziza Oretokun, H. Mohammed, A. Dare","doi":"10.48153/jrrs/2016/qxdu7647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48153/jrrs/2016/qxdu7647","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Nosocomial infections have become a major challenge in health institutions, as they affect the quality of health care delivered. The radiology department is one of the mainstays of modern medicine. It is therefore, necessary to assess its contamination by nosocomial organisms.Aim: The study aims at identifying the nosocomial bacteria associated with imaging equipment and accessories in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria.Methods: The study design was prospective and cross-sectional in nature, and was conducted between Oct 2014 to Jan 2015 using disproportionate stratified random sampling method. Four different conventional x-ray units, fluoroscopy, computed tomography, angiography and ultrasound units were selected. Swabs were collected from the surfaces of the selected parts of the equipment and accessories after working hours in each unit. The swabs were taken to the microbiology laboratory for culturing and identification using standard laboratory procedure. A total of 200 cultured samples were used in the study. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS version 16.0 software.Results: Bacteria were isolated in 43.5 % (n = 87) of all the swab samples with ultrasound transducer as major culture. Specific bacteria isolated were: Staphylococcus aureus (n = 65; 74.7 %), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 14; 16.1 %), Bacillus spp (n = 6; 6.9 %), Klebsiella spp (n = 1; 1.1 %) and Proteus spp (n = 1; 1.1 %). Methylated spirit was the most effective chemical disinfectant. Conclusion: Radiology equipment and accessories in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital are not entirely free of bacteria. Meticulous attention to disinfection will safeguard staff and other patients from nosocomial infections.","PeriodicalId":16919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiography and Radiation Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82270574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-12DOI: 10.48153/jrrs/2016/rkky2324
D. Joseph, A. Salisu, P. O. Ameh, D. S. Joseph, M. Umar, S. Laushugno, H. Solomon
Background: Pelvic ultrasonography involves the evaluation of pelvic organs and structures. It is valuable in the diagnosis of pathological conditions which are likely causes of pelvic pain.Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the pattern of pelvic ultrasound request and findings in Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital (ATBUTH) Bauchi.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in the radiology department of ATBUTH. A total of 1,320 ultrasonography records of patients for pelvic examination were reviewed from January 2016 to February 2017,and tabulated according to age, sex, clinical indication and ultrasound findings. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 to determine the mean, frequency and percentages. Pearson’s correlation was used to determine the relationship between clinical indication and ultrasound findings.Results: The age group of 21-30 years and 31- 40 years had the highest frequency (n = 627, 47.5 %) and (n = 321, 24.3%), respectively. Gender distribution were 1158 (87.7 %), for females and 162 (12.3 %) for males. Pelvic pain had the highest indication, 72.3% (n = 955), followed by PID, 9.2% (n = 121), then BPH, 3.4% (n=45) and, ovarian cyst, 2.7 % (n = 36). Conclusion: The highest indication and findings are pelvic pain and pelvic inflammatory diseases, among females while benign prostatic hypertrophy was the highest in males.
{"title":"Pattern of Pelvic Ultrasound Request and Findings in Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital (ATBUTH) Bauchi","authors":"D. Joseph, A. Salisu, P. O. Ameh, D. S. Joseph, M. Umar, S. Laushugno, H. Solomon","doi":"10.48153/jrrs/2016/rkky2324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48153/jrrs/2016/rkky2324","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pelvic ultrasonography involves the evaluation of pelvic organs and structures. It is valuable in the diagnosis of pathological conditions which are likely causes of pelvic pain.Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the pattern of pelvic ultrasound request and findings in Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital (ATBUTH) Bauchi.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in the radiology department of ATBUTH. A total of 1,320 ultrasonography records of patients for pelvic examination were reviewed from January 2016 to February 2017,and tabulated according to age, sex, clinical indication and ultrasound findings. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 to determine the mean, frequency and percentages. Pearson’s correlation was used to determine the relationship between clinical indication and ultrasound findings.Results: The age group of 21-30 years and 31- 40 years had the highest frequency (n = 627, 47.5 %) and (n = 321, 24.3%), respectively. Gender distribution were 1158 (87.7 %), for females and 162 (12.3 %) for males. Pelvic pain had the highest indication, 72.3% (n = 955), followed by PID, 9.2% (n = 121), then BPH, 3.4% (n=45) and, ovarian cyst, 2.7 % (n = 36). Conclusion: The highest indication and findings are pelvic pain and pelvic inflammatory diseases, among females while benign prostatic hypertrophy was the highest in males.","PeriodicalId":16919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiography and Radiation Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91071315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-12DOI: 10.48153/jrrs/2016/jasy5279
Udoh Benjamin Effiong, Eduwem U. Dianabasi, U. Ulu
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity of Hadlock 3 model of foetal weight estimation among fetuses in a Nigerian population. Methods: 2008 mothers with singleton term pregnancy admitted in the labour ward of Ebonyi State University Teaching Hospital for planned delivery were recruited for the study. Subjects who met the inclusion criteria were scanned within 24 hours prior to delivery. A greyscale high resolution ultrasound machine, Sonoace 5500, manufactured by Medicol in Korea, with a 3.5 MHz transducer was used to obtain the sonographic measurements. The birth weights of the fetuses were estimated using Hadlock3 model for foetal weight estimation. The actual weights of the neonates were measured immediately after birth by an experienced midwife. Intra-class correlation coefficient was used to compare the ultrasound estimated fetal weight with the actual fetal birth weight.Results: The mean actual birth weight of the neonates was 3.42 ± 0.36 kg while the meanestimate obtained from Hadlock3 model was 3.44 ± 0.45kg. There was no statistically significant difference between the estimated mean weight and the actual weight of the neonates at the reference birth weight (P < 0.05). The accuracy of this model was highest at the weight range of 3.00 to 3.99 kg, with inter-class co-efficient of 0.88 and accuracy of 86 % within ± 10 % of actual birth weight.Conclusion: Hadlock3 model has a high intra-class correlation coefficient of 0.88 at birth weight of 3.00 to 3.49 kg and predicts the birth weight in 86% of cases within ± 10% of actual birth weight.
{"title":"Validation Study of Hadlock3 Model of Foetal Weight Estimation","authors":"Udoh Benjamin Effiong, Eduwem U. Dianabasi, U. Ulu","doi":"10.48153/jrrs/2016/jasy5279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48153/jrrs/2016/jasy5279","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity of Hadlock 3 model of foetal weight estimation among fetuses in a Nigerian population. Methods: 2008 mothers with singleton term pregnancy admitted in the labour ward of Ebonyi State University Teaching Hospital for planned delivery were recruited for the study. Subjects who met the inclusion criteria were scanned within 24 hours prior to delivery. A greyscale high resolution ultrasound machine, Sonoace 5500, manufactured by Medicol in Korea, with a 3.5 MHz transducer was used to obtain the sonographic measurements. The birth weights of the fetuses were estimated using Hadlock3 model for foetal weight estimation. The actual weights of the neonates were measured immediately after birth by an experienced midwife. Intra-class correlation coefficient was used to compare the ultrasound estimated fetal weight with the actual fetal birth weight.Results: The mean actual birth weight of the neonates was 3.42 ± 0.36 kg while the meanestimate obtained from Hadlock3 model was 3.44 ± 0.45kg. There was no statistically significant difference between the estimated mean weight and the actual weight of the neonates at the reference birth weight (P < 0.05). The accuracy of this model was highest at the weight range of 3.00 to 3.99 kg, with inter-class co-efficient of 0.88 and accuracy of 86 % within ± 10 % of actual birth weight.Conclusion: Hadlock3 model has a high intra-class correlation coefficient of 0.88 at birth weight of 3.00 to 3.49 kg and predicts the birth weight in 86% of cases within ± 10% of actual birth weight.","PeriodicalId":16919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiography and Radiation Sciences","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80233385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-23DOI: 10.48153/jrrs.v32i1.223227
I. Okon, A. Ugwu, Chioma H. Akuchukwu-Okafor
Background: Developing a mechanism for risk sharing in public-private partnerships (PPP) is crucial to success of the project as well as improving returns to the government and the private investor. It has become needful to develop a project-specific model for radio-diagnostic facilities. Objective: To develop a model of risk allocation for PPP in radio-diagnostic facilities in Nigeria. Methodology: The survey was undertaken from January 2017 to December 2017. A total of 122 questionnaires aimed at allocating different risk factors to either the public or private sector were sent out with 82 (67.21%) returned for data analysis. The target respondents were radiographers and radiologists in PPP and academics who had gained in-depth knowledge of the PPP model through research. Data collected were presented in tables and the preferred risks allocation expressed in percentage. Results: Out of thirty-three key risks in this study, eighteen (55%) were preferably shared between the public and private sectors. This cut across all the risks groups (political, economic, legal, natural and operational). There is no risk that is solely retained by the public sector (government) with percentage scores above 50%. Conclusion: The risk allocation model for PPP in Radio-diagnostic facilities suggests that all the risk groups should be shared between the public and private sectors. This study will serve as a risk mitigation tool for the government agencies and prospective investors in this area.
{"title":"Risk Allocation Model for Public-Private Partnership in Radiodiagnostic Facilities in Nigeria","authors":"I. Okon, A. Ugwu, Chioma H. Akuchukwu-Okafor","doi":"10.48153/jrrs.v32i1.223227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48153/jrrs.v32i1.223227","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Background: Developing a mechanism for risk sharing in public-private partnerships (PPP) is crucial to success of the project as well as improving returns to the government and the private investor. It has become needful to develop a project-specific model for radio-diagnostic facilities. \u0000Objective: To develop a model of risk allocation for PPP in radio-diagnostic facilities in Nigeria. \u0000Methodology: The survey was undertaken from January 2017 to December 2017. A total of 122 questionnaires aimed at allocating different risk factors to either the public or private sector were sent out with 82 (67.21%) returned for data analysis. The target respondents were radiographers and radiologists in PPP and academics who had gained in-depth knowledge of the PPP model through research. Data collected were presented in tables and the preferred risks allocation expressed in percentage. \u0000Results: Out of thirty-three key risks in this study, eighteen (55%) were preferably shared between the public and private sectors. This cut across all the risks groups (political, economic, legal, natural and operational). There is no risk that is solely retained by the public sector (government) with percentage scores above 50%. \u0000Conclusion: The risk allocation model for PPP in Radio-diagnostic facilities suggests that all the risk groups should be shared between the public and private sectors. This study will serve as a risk mitigation tool for the government agencies and prospective investors in this area. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":16919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiography and Radiation Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87802425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-23DOI: 10.48153/jrrs.v32i1.223075
Abeabe, Christopher Ishiekwen, A. Aliyu, Maduakonam Simon Nwafor
Background: Dosimetry in diagnostic radiology is fundamental to providing information to practitioners regarding the level of their doses and to ensure adequate optimization of the protection of patients presenting for radiological examinations. The introduction and implementation of diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) in diagnostic radiology has proven to be a potent tool for quality control and dose reduction. This has not been comprehensively addressed in Nigeria. Objective: To carryout dose audit of patients presenting for common radiographic projections in select hospitals in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Methodology: Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) were used to measure entrance surface dose (ESD) on 420 randomly selected adult patients presenting for x-ray examination of the chest PA/Lateral, skull PA/Lateral, lumbar spine AP/Lateral, abdomen and pelvic AP, respectively. Results were compared with existing literature. Results: The range of the mean ESD determined for the study population on various x-ray examinations were: chest PA (0.44 – 0.9 mGy), and lateral (0.9 – 1.5 mGy); skull PA (2.0 – 4.7 mGy), and lateral (1.7 – 3.4 mGy); lumbar spine AP (3.4 -7.8 mGy), and lateral (6.8 –11.3 mGy); abdomen AP (3.6 – 6.2 mGy); and pelvic AP (2.4 – 6.9 mGy). Comparison showed dose levels were below IAEA recommendations. Conclusion: In the absence of arbitrary high doses, practice is generally safe and will not result in unwarranted hazards to the patients.
{"title":"X-Ray Dose Audit and Potential Local Diagnostic Reference Levels in Select Hospitals In Kaduna State, Nigeria","authors":"Abeabe, Christopher Ishiekwen, A. Aliyu, Maduakonam Simon Nwafor","doi":"10.48153/jrrs.v32i1.223075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48153/jrrs.v32i1.223075","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Background: Dosimetry in diagnostic radiology is fundamental to providing information to practitioners regarding the level of their doses and to ensure adequate optimization of the protection of patients presenting for radiological examinations. The introduction and implementation of diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) in diagnostic radiology has proven to be a potent tool for quality control and dose reduction. This has not been comprehensively addressed in Nigeria. \u0000Objective: To carryout dose audit of patients presenting for common radiographic projections in select hospitals in Kaduna State, Nigeria. \u0000Methodology: Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) were used to measure entrance surface dose (ESD) on 420 randomly selected adult patients presenting for x-ray examination of the chest PA/Lateral, skull PA/Lateral, lumbar spine AP/Lateral, abdomen and pelvic AP, respectively. Results were compared with existing literature. \u0000Results: The range of the mean ESD determined for the study population on various x-ray examinations were: chest PA (0.44 – 0.9 mGy), and lateral (0.9 – 1.5 mGy); skull PA (2.0 – 4.7 mGy), and lateral (1.7 – 3.4 mGy); lumbar spine AP (3.4 -7.8 mGy), and lateral (6.8 –11.3 mGy); abdomen AP (3.6 – 6.2 mGy); and pelvic AP (2.4 – 6.9 mGy). Comparison showed dose levels were below IAEA recommendations. \u0000Conclusion: In the absence of arbitrary high doses, practice is generally safe and will not result in unwarranted hazards to the patients. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":16919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiography and Radiation Sciences","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73637818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-23DOI: 10.48153/jrrs.v32i1.223076
I. Umar, M. Idris, Mundi A. Abdullahi, Joseph Dlama
Background: Research findings from percentage depth dose (PDD) are crucial in evaluating patient doses received in radiation therapy. Objective: To compare calculated percentage depth doses at an extended source-to-surface distance (SSD) for 6 MV and 15 MV photon beams of a linear accelerator. Methodology: Measured PDD values of the 100 cm source to surface distance (SSD) and calculated values at extended SSDs for 6 MV and 15 MV photon beams of an Elekta NHA SLi 1998 linear accelerator were analyzed. The PDD data was collected by placing ionization chamber inside water phantom for depths ranging from z = 0 - 30 cm in a water phantom and using a square field sizes of 10 x 10 cm2. Photon energies of 6 MV and 15 MV were used for the measurement, with both gantry and collimator angles fixed at zero degree. PDD was calculated at extended SSD of 110 cm, 120 cm, 130 cm, and 140 cm from the measured PDD values of 100 cm SSD for both 6 MV and 15 MV photon energies using Mayneord factor. Results: The depth dose maximum (Dmax) for field size 10 x 10 cm2 for 6 MV and 15 MV photon energies were 1.62 cm and 2.65 cm, respectively and the PDD at 10 cm (D10) were 67.9% and 75.9%, respectively. The mean deviation of the calculated PDD at extended SSDs was found to be between 0.2% and 1%. Conclusion: The calculated PDD values at extended SSDs are considered suitable for clinical use at all clinically relevant depths and field sizes.
{"title":"Comparison of Calculated Percentage Depth Doses at Extended Source-to-Surface Distance for 6 MV And 15 MV Photon Beam of a Linear Accelerator","authors":"I. Umar, M. Idris, Mundi A. Abdullahi, Joseph Dlama","doi":"10.48153/jrrs.v32i1.223076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48153/jrrs.v32i1.223076","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Background: Research findings from percentage depth dose (PDD) are crucial in evaluating patient doses received in radiation therapy. \u0000Objective: To compare calculated percentage depth doses at an extended source-to-surface distance (SSD) for 6 MV and 15 MV photon beams of a linear accelerator. \u0000Methodology: Measured PDD values of the 100 cm source to surface distance (SSD) and calculated values at extended SSDs for 6 MV and 15 MV photon beams of an Elekta NHA SLi 1998 linear accelerator were analyzed. The PDD data was collected by placing ionization chamber inside water phantom for depths ranging from z = 0 - 30 cm in a water phantom and using a square field sizes of 10 x 10 cm2. Photon energies of 6 MV and 15 MV were used for the measurement, with both gantry and collimator angles fixed at zero degree. PDD was calculated at extended SSD of 110 cm, 120 cm, 130 cm, and 140 cm from the measured PDD values of 100 cm SSD for both 6 MV and 15 MV photon energies using Mayneord factor. \u0000Results: The depth dose maximum (Dmax) for field size 10 x 10 cm2 for 6 MV and 15 MV photon energies were 1.62 cm and 2.65 cm, respectively and the PDD at 10 cm (D10) were 67.9% and 75.9%, respectively. The mean deviation of the calculated PDD at extended SSDs was found to be between 0.2% and 1%. \u0000Conclusion: The calculated PDD values at extended SSDs are considered suitable for clinical use at all clinically relevant depths and field sizes. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":16919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiography and Radiation Sciences","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85736243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-23DOI: 10.48153/jrrs.v32i1.223229
Sunday Victory Daniel, M. Umar, Nafiu Mohd Ahmad, Zira Dlama Joseph
Background: The components and activities within the scope of radiography practice pose high risks of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) to radiographers in the course of performing diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of WMSDs and identify the possible causes among radiographers within the study locality. Methods: A validated self-administered questionnaire was distributed to all registered and licensed radiographers working in teaching hospitals within the region. The questionnaire contained 21 questions, divided into 3 sections; “A” captured demographic data; “B” captured educational qualifications and work experience; and “C” captured the prevalence, possible causes and responses to WRMSDs. Results: The respondents were basically within the age range of 21 – 30 years (66.6%), with most of them being male. Most radiographers had clinical working experience between 1 to 10 years, and worked between 6-8 hours and above daily, with a case load of 30 patients and above. The reported case of WRMSD was 93.3%. The major identified causes of WRMSDs were maintaining of prolonged static position (20%), and frequent bending and twisting (16.7%). This study showed no statistically significant correlation between gender and WRMSDs. Conclusion: There was remarkable evidence of WRMSDs among the practicing clinical radiographers within the North-Western Nigeria.
{"title":"Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders: Prevalence Among Clinical Radiographers in Teaching Hospitals in North-Western Nigeria","authors":"Sunday Victory Daniel, M. Umar, Nafiu Mohd Ahmad, Zira Dlama Joseph","doi":"10.48153/jrrs.v32i1.223229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48153/jrrs.v32i1.223229","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Background: The components and activities within the scope of radiography practice pose high risks of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) to radiographers in the course of performing diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. \u0000Objectives: To determine the prevalence of WMSDs and identify the possible causes among radiographers within the study locality. \u0000Methods: A validated self-administered questionnaire was distributed to all registered and licensed radiographers working in teaching hospitals within the region. The questionnaire contained 21 questions, divided into 3 sections; “A” captured demographic data; “B” captured educational qualifications and work experience; and “C” captured the prevalence, possible causes and responses to WRMSDs. \u0000Results: The respondents were basically within the age range of 21 – 30 years (66.6%), with most of them being male. Most radiographers had clinical working experience between 1 to 10 years, and worked between 6-8 hours and above daily, with a case load of 30 patients and above. The reported case of WRMSD was 93.3%. The major identified causes of WRMSDs were maintaining of prolonged static position (20%), and frequent bending and twisting (16.7%). This study showed no statistically significant correlation between gender and WRMSDs. \u0000Conclusion: There was remarkable evidence of WRMSDs among the practicing clinical radiographers within the North-Western Nigeria. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":16919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiography and Radiation Sciences","volume":"30 9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82983705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-23DOI: 10.48153/jrrs.v32i1.223080
C. Ohagwu, K. Agwu, C. O. Onyekelu, Hameed O. Mohammad, M. Abba
Aim: To characterize and classify stroke lesions and normal brain tissue in computed tomography (CT) images using statistical texture descriptors. Patients and methods: Two experienced radiologists blinded to each other inspected CT images of 164 stroke patients to identify and categorize stroke lesions into ischaemic and haemorrhagic subtypes. Four regions of interest (ROIs) in each CT slice that demonstrated the lesion; two each representing the lesion and normal tissue were selected. Statistical texture descriptors namely, co-occurrence matrix, run-length matrix, absolute gradient and histogram were calculated for them. Raw data analysis was performed to identify the parameters that best discriminate between normal brain tissue and stroke lesions. Artificial neural network (ANN) was used to classify the ROIs into normal tissue, ischaemic and haemorrhagic lesions using the radiologists’ identification and categorization as the gold standard, and further analyzed using the receiver operating characteristic curve. Results: Three parameters in each texture class discriminated between normal tissue, ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke lesions. The discriminating co-occurrence matrix parameters were sum average parameters namely S1-1 SumAverg, S1-0 SumAverg and S0-1 SumAverg. For the run-length matrix, short run emphasis in horizontal, 1350 and 450 directions were the discriminating features. The discriminating absolute gradient parameters were gradient non-zeros, gradient variance and gradient mean. For the histogram class, the mean, 90th and 99th percentiles were the discriminating parameters. The ANN achieved a sensitivity of 0.637, specificity 0.753, false positive rate (FPR) 0.247, and false negative rate (FNR) 0.363 with co-occurrence matrix. With run-length matrix the sensitivity was 0.544, specificity 0.607, FPR 0.393, and FNR 0.456 while with absolute gradient the sensitivity was 0.546, specificity 0.586, FPR 0.414, FNR 0.454. With histogram, the sensitivity was 0.947, specificity 0.962, FPR 0.038, and FNR 0.053. Conclusion: The histogram texture features showed the highest sensitivity and specificity in the classification of brain tissue and stroke lesions using the artificial neural network.
{"title":"Characterization and Classification of Brain Tissue and Stroke Lesions in Non-Contrast Computed Tomography Images of Stroke Patients Using Statistical Texture Descriptors and Artificial Neural Network","authors":"C. Ohagwu, K. Agwu, C. O. Onyekelu, Hameed O. Mohammad, M. Abba","doi":"10.48153/jrrs.v32i1.223080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48153/jrrs.v32i1.223080","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Aim: To characterize and classify stroke lesions and normal brain tissue in computed tomography (CT) images using statistical texture descriptors. \u0000Patients and methods: Two experienced radiologists blinded to each other inspected CT images of 164 stroke patients to identify and categorize stroke lesions into ischaemic and haemorrhagic subtypes. Four regions of interest (ROIs) in each CT slice that demonstrated the lesion; two each representing the lesion and normal tissue were selected. Statistical texture descriptors namely, co-occurrence matrix, run-length matrix, absolute gradient and histogram were calculated for them. Raw data analysis was performed to identify the parameters that best discriminate between normal brain tissue and stroke lesions. Artificial neural network (ANN) was used to classify the ROIs into normal tissue, ischaemic and haemorrhagic lesions using the radiologists’ identification and categorization as the gold standard, and further analyzed using the receiver operating characteristic curve. \u0000Results: Three parameters in each texture class discriminated between normal tissue, ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke lesions. The discriminating co-occurrence matrix parameters were sum average parameters namely S1-1 SumAverg, S1-0 SumAverg and S0-1 SumAverg. For the run-length matrix, short run emphasis in horizontal, 1350 and 450 directions were the discriminating features. The discriminating absolute gradient parameters were gradient non-zeros, gradient variance and gradient mean. For the histogram class, the mean, 90th and 99th percentiles were the discriminating parameters. The ANN achieved a sensitivity of 0.637, specificity 0.753, false positive rate (FPR) 0.247, and false negative rate (FNR) 0.363 with co-occurrence matrix. With run-length matrix the sensitivity was 0.544, specificity 0.607, FPR 0.393, and FNR 0.456 while with absolute gradient the sensitivity was 0.546, specificity 0.586, FPR 0.414, FNR 0.454. With histogram, the sensitivity was 0.947, specificity 0.962, FPR 0.038, and FNR 0.053. \u0000Conclusion: The histogram texture features showed the highest sensitivity and specificity in the classification of brain tissue and stroke lesions using the artificial neural network. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":16919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiography and Radiation Sciences","volume":"138 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89319358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-23DOI: 10.48153/jrrs.v32i1.223230
U. Abubakar, Lionel Broch, Chukwuka Anthony Ugwu, S. Audu, M. Danfulani, Abacha Mohammed, Nike Mutiat Miftaudeen
Objective: To evaluate a modelling and design methodology employed in constructing and optimizing radiofrequency (RF) coils suitable for use with the whole-body fast-field-cycling Magnetic Resonance Imaging (FFC-MRI). It is also aimed at comparing the sensitivity and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the various types of surface RF coils constructed at the initial and final stages of this research. Methodology: An experimental study carried out at Biomedical MRI Laboratory at University of Aberdeen. Various designs of RF coil were constructed, optimized and tested with network/signal analyser for use with an experimental FFC - MRI scanner, operating at a detection magnetic field of 0.2 T (proton Larmor frequency of 8.5 MHz). The coils comprised circular loop (CL) RF – receive surface coil and a birdcage RF – transmit volume coil. The intrinsic parameters of the CL coils were measured using a search-coil field probe and a network/signal analyser. Results: The CL surface coil constructed with copper wire had resonant frequency of 8.46 MHz and Quality factor (Q – factor) of 47.1 while the resonant frequency of the one constructed with litz wire was 8.54 MHz and Q - factor of 85.4 MHz. The intrinsic parameter of the birdcage volume coil was 8.48 MHz and Q - factor of 102. Conclusion: Bench testing of the coils showed promise as receiver and transmit coils for the FFC-MRI system
{"title":"Development and Optimization of Surface and Volume Radiofrequency Coils Suitable for Fast-Field-Cycling Magnetic Resonance Imaging (FFC-MRI)","authors":"U. Abubakar, Lionel Broch, Chukwuka Anthony Ugwu, S. Audu, M. Danfulani, Abacha Mohammed, Nike Mutiat Miftaudeen","doi":"10.48153/jrrs.v32i1.223230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48153/jrrs.v32i1.223230","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Objective: To evaluate a modelling and design methodology employed in constructing and optimizing radiofrequency (RF) coils suitable for use with the whole-body fast-field-cycling Magnetic Resonance Imaging (FFC-MRI). It is also aimed at comparing the sensitivity and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the various types of surface RF coils constructed at the initial and final stages of this research. \u0000Methodology: An experimental study carried out at Biomedical MRI Laboratory at University of Aberdeen. Various designs of RF coil were constructed, optimized and tested with network/signal analyser for use with an experimental FFC - MRI scanner, operating at a detection magnetic field of 0.2 T (proton Larmor frequency of 8.5 MHz). The coils comprised circular loop (CL) RF – receive surface coil and a birdcage RF – transmit volume coil. The intrinsic parameters of the CL coils were measured using a search-coil field probe and a network/signal analyser. \u0000Results: The CL surface coil constructed with copper wire had resonant frequency of 8.46 MHz and Quality factor (Q – factor) of 47.1 while the resonant frequency of the one constructed with litz wire was 8.54 MHz and Q - factor of 85.4 MHz. The intrinsic parameter of the birdcage volume coil was 8.48 MHz and Q - factor of 102. \u0000Conclusion: Bench testing of the coils showed promise as receiver and transmit coils for the FFC-MRI system \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":16919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiography and Radiation Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79622597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-23DOI: 10.48153/jrrs.v32i1.223074
Nwobi Chugozie I, Geofery Luntsi, F. Nkubli, Silas A. Moi, Matthew G. Abubakar
Background: The concept of mentorship has gained widespread popularity in literature across different walks of life owing to the significant benefits attached to it. Purpose: This paper intends to discuss the need for mentorship in radiography, as an indispensable tool for a sustainable healthcare transformation, taking clues from other health science disciplines and medicine. Method: Authors reviewed relevant literature on the subject to have an in-depth and updated knowledge both in the health sciences as well as in other disciplines. Search engines such as Google Scholar, My Websearch, and data base such as Science Direct, Hinari, Taylor and Francis and Medknow were consulted. Several articles that discussed mentorship across various disciplines were reviewed. Those with ideas and concepts that fit into the purpose of the study were included. Results: Several definitions and types of mentorship exist across different walks of life based on literature. However, we decided to adopt the definition of mentorship and types of mentorship by Feldman, who defined mentorship as a dynamic, reciprocal relationship in a work environment between an advanced career incumbent and a beginner, aimed at promoting the development of both. The uniform agreement across various disciplines is that mentoring is a crucial component of success. However, its application in radiography is inadequate. Conclusion: In view of the apparent benefits accruable to mentorship globally, stakeholders in radiography should make mentorship a priority, if we must maintain our role in a sustainable healthcare transformation.
背景:导师制的概念在各行各业的文学中得到了广泛的普及，因为它带来了巨大的好处。目的:本文旨在探讨放射学作为可持续医疗转型不可或缺的工具的必要性，并从其他健康科学学科和医学中获取线索。方法:作者查阅相关文献，对健康科学和其他学科的知识进行深入和更新。我们参考了Google Scholar、My Websearch等搜索引擎，以及Science Direct、Hinari、Taylor and Francis和Medknow等数据库。我们回顾了几篇讨论不同学科间导师关系的文章。那些具有符合研究目的的想法和概念的人被包括在内。结果:基于文献，师徒关系在不同的行业中存在不同的定义和类型。然而，我们决定采用费尔德曼对师徒关系的定义和师徒关系的类型，他将师徒关系定义为在工作环境中，高级在职者和新手之间的一种动态的、互惠的关系，旨在促进两者的发展。不同学科之间的一致共识是，指导是成功的关键组成部分。然而，它在放射学上的应用还不充分。结论:鉴于指导在全球范围内的明显收益，如果我们必须在可持续的医疗保健转型中保持我们的作用，放射学的利益相关者应该优先考虑指导。
{"title":"Mentorship in Radiography: an Indispensable Tool for Sustainable Healthcare Transformation","authors":"Nwobi Chugozie I, Geofery Luntsi, F. Nkubli, Silas A. Moi, Matthew G. Abubakar","doi":"10.48153/jrrs.v32i1.223074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48153/jrrs.v32i1.223074","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Background: The concept of mentorship has gained widespread popularity in literature across different walks of life owing to the significant benefits attached to it. \u0000Purpose: This paper intends to discuss the need for mentorship in radiography, as an indispensable tool for a sustainable healthcare transformation, taking clues from other health science disciplines and medicine. \u0000Method: Authors reviewed relevant literature on the subject to have an in-depth and updated knowledge both in the health sciences as well as in other disciplines. Search engines such as Google Scholar, My Websearch, and data base such as Science Direct, Hinari, Taylor and Francis and Medknow were consulted. Several articles that discussed mentorship across various disciplines were reviewed. Those with ideas and concepts that fit into the purpose of the study were included. \u0000Results: Several definitions and types of mentorship exist across different walks of life based on literature. However, we decided to adopt the definition of mentorship and types of mentorship by Feldman, who defined mentorship as a dynamic, reciprocal relationship in a work environment between an advanced career incumbent and a beginner, aimed at promoting the development of both. The uniform agreement across various disciplines is that mentoring is a crucial component of success. However, its application in radiography is inadequate. \u0000Conclusion: In view of the apparent benefits accruable to mentorship globally, stakeholders in radiography should make mentorship a priority, if we must maintain our role in a sustainable healthcare transformation. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":16919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiography and Radiation Sciences","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80486705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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