Pub Date : 2022-01-03DOI: 10.48153/jrrs.v35i1.219637
U. Mansur, C. C. Ohagwu, M. Sidi, A. Dambatta, A. Ya’u, Aminu Abubakar Abubakar, A. Hassan
Background: Despite technological advancement in uro-radiology, renal ultrasonography remains the imaging modality of choice for evaluating various pathological conditions affecting urinary tract (GIT) system.Aim: This study was aimed at evaluating sonographic features of radiologically nonfunctional kidneys in Kano metropolis, Nigeria.Methods: A prospective study involving 94 each of disease and control group were conducted in Kano metropolis from January 2019 to January 2021. Renal scans were performed using a digital ultrasound imaging system; model DP-8800Plus fitted with a 3.5MHz curvilinear transducer. The maximum length, width, and thickness were measured. The renal echogenicity was assessed and graded. Data was analyzed using SPSS Version 22.0Results: The mean values of the right and left renal volumes among adult patients was 400.5 ± 527.3 cm3 and 177.6 ± 174.3 cm3 respectively. For pediatric patients it was 272.3 ± 308.6 cm3 and 241.6 ± 228.7 cm3 for the right and left kidney respectively. The renal parenchymal echogenicity of the right kidney among adult patients were sored as grade II 2 (5.3%), grade III 27 (71%), and grade IV 9 (23.7%), while that pediatric patients were Grade 0 (11.1%), and 8 (88.9%) as grade III. The adults left kidney were scored grade II 2 (6%), and 16 (47%) each as grades III and IV, while the pediatric group scored 3 (25%) as grade II, and 9 (75%) as grade III.Conclusion: Increased renal volume, shrunken kidney, increased renal parenchymal echogenicity, and severe hydronephrosis were strong sonographic indicators of nonfunctional kidneys.
{"title":"Sonographic features of radiologically non-functioning kidneys on intravenous urography (IVU) in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria","authors":"U. Mansur, C. C. Ohagwu, M. Sidi, A. Dambatta, A. Ya’u, Aminu Abubakar Abubakar, A. Hassan","doi":"10.48153/jrrs.v35i1.219637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48153/jrrs.v35i1.219637","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Despite technological advancement in uro-radiology, renal ultrasonography remains the imaging modality of choice for evaluating various pathological conditions affecting urinary tract (GIT) system.Aim: This study was aimed at evaluating sonographic features of radiologically nonfunctional kidneys in Kano metropolis, Nigeria.Methods: A prospective study involving 94 each of disease and control group were conducted in Kano metropolis from January 2019 to January 2021. Renal scans were performed using a digital ultrasound imaging system; model DP-8800Plus fitted with a 3.5MHz curvilinear transducer. The maximum length, width, and thickness were measured. The renal echogenicity was assessed and graded. Data was analyzed using SPSS Version 22.0Results: The mean values of the right and left renal volumes among adult patients was 400.5 ± 527.3 cm3 and 177.6 ± 174.3 cm3 respectively. For pediatric patients it was 272.3 ± 308.6 cm3 and 241.6 ± 228.7 cm3 for the right and left kidney respectively. The renal parenchymal echogenicity of the right kidney among adult patients were sored as grade II 2 (5.3%), grade III 27 (71%), and grade IV 9 (23.7%), while that pediatric patients were Grade 0 (11.1%), and 8 (88.9%) as grade III. The adults left kidney were scored grade II 2 (6%), and 16 (47%) each as grades III and IV, while the pediatric group scored 3 (25%) as grade II, and 9 (75%) as grade III.Conclusion: Increased renal volume, shrunken kidney, increased renal parenchymal echogenicity, and severe hydronephrosis were strong sonographic indicators of nonfunctional kidneys.","PeriodicalId":16919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiography and Radiation Sciences","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83557190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.48153/jrrs/2022/zjkf4109
O. Abonyi, J. Agbo, S. Onwuzu, U. Nwogu, Emmanuel Arinze Ugwoke, Stephen Olisa Ugwu
Background: Acromioclavicular joint space is one of the most common injuries of the shoulder region. Accurate diagnosis of most acromioclavicular (AC) joint pathologies depends on the knowledge of the normal range values of acromioclavicular joint space. The variation in the normal AC joint spaces among the studied population points to the need to have population-specific reference range values of acromioclavicular joint space while the paucity of data on normal acromioclavicular joint space diameter in our locality necessitated this study. Objective: This study was, therefore, aimed at radiographically determining the normal reference range values of acromioclavicular joint space diameter with age in adult Nigerian and also to find its variation with sex. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in three tertiary hospitals in Enugu from January 2019 to July 2019. It involved digital anteroposterior shoulder radiographs of 628 adults (18 – 80 years) obtained using Zanca’s view and reported as normal by four consultant radiologists. The acromioclavicular joint space diameter is calculated as an integral of the distances between the superior and inferior borders of the acromioclavicular joint space. Data were analyzed using a linear regression model, Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, and independent sample t-test. Results: The mean AC joint space diameter ranged from 3.63 mm at ≤ 20 years to 1.14 mm at 76-80 years of age. Acromioclavicular joint space diameter correlated strongly but negatively with age with correlation coefficients of -0.785, -.839, -.797, and -.780. There was a significant difference between the acromioclavicular joint space diameter of males and females (p = 0.000). Conclusion: This study has generated a reference range value of normal acromioclavicular joint space diameter with age in our locality while there is a difference in acromioclavicular joint space between male and female adult Nigerians.
{"title":"RADIOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION OF NORMAL RANGE VALUES OF ACROMIOCLAVICULAR JOINT SPACE IN NIGERIAN POPULATION","authors":"O. Abonyi, J. Agbo, S. Onwuzu, U. Nwogu, Emmanuel Arinze Ugwoke, Stephen Olisa Ugwu","doi":"10.48153/jrrs/2022/zjkf4109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48153/jrrs/2022/zjkf4109","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Acromioclavicular joint space is one of the most common injuries of the shoulder region. Accurate diagnosis of most acromioclavicular (AC) joint pathologies depends on the knowledge of the normal range values of acromioclavicular joint space. The variation in the normal AC joint spaces among the studied population points to the need to have population-specific reference range values of acromioclavicular joint space while the paucity of data on normal acromioclavicular joint space diameter in our locality necessitated this study. Objective: This study was, therefore, aimed at radiographically determining the normal reference range values of acromioclavicular joint space diameter with age in adult Nigerian and also to find its variation with sex. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in three tertiary hospitals in Enugu from January 2019 to July 2019. It involved digital anteroposterior shoulder radiographs of 628 adults (18 – 80 years) obtained using Zanca’s view and reported as normal by four consultant radiologists. The acromioclavicular joint space diameter is calculated as an integral of the distances between the superior and inferior borders of the acromioclavicular joint space. Data were analyzed using a linear regression model, Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, and independent sample t-test. Results: The mean AC joint space diameter ranged from 3.63 mm at ≤ 20 years to 1.14 mm at 76-80 years of age. Acromioclavicular joint space diameter correlated strongly but negatively with age with correlation coefficients of -0.785, -.839, -.797, and -.780. There was a significant difference between the acromioclavicular joint space diameter of males and females (p = 0.000). Conclusion: This study has generated a reference range value of normal acromioclavicular joint space diameter with age in our locality while there is a difference in acromioclavicular joint space between male and female adult Nigerians.","PeriodicalId":16919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiography and Radiation Sciences","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91313597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.48153/jrrs/2022/zjyw8662
Bamanga Abdularazaq, U. Abdulrahman, M. Mohammed, Musa Hassan, Mohammed Ibrahim, Imam Zayyad
Background: Exposure to ionizing radiation is hazardous to radiological workers, patient's relatives, and patients. The effect may be stochastic or deterministic. Protective apparel keeps the radiation dose received by hospital workers, patients and patient relatives as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) under normal working conditions. Protective apparel is frequently mishandled in the diagnostic room after use leading to damage. Objective: This study aimed at assessing the integrity of the protective apparel used at the radiology department of a tertiary health institution in Adamawa State of Nigeria. Methods: From three different hospitals in Yola, 26 pieces of protective apparel were identified, inspected and classified by the hospital, type, manufacturer's name, years it had been used, and the thickness of the lead. With a 17 x 14-inch cassette two exposures were made on each garment with 70 kVp and 10 mAs with a focal film distance (FFD) of 100cm with a conventional x-ray unit. Results: The result showed 12 (46.0 %) of the protective apparel studied were defective with split 5 (42.0%), crack 4(33.0%) and hole 3(25.0%) as the most common defect. The correlation between the apparels age and the number of defective protective apparel were statistically not significant (p = 0.166). Conclusion: In order to ensure protective garments provide the best protection possible; there is a need for proper storage and regular quality assurance on the apparel in the radiology departments to ensure radiation protection.
背景:暴露于电离辐射对放射工作人员、病人家属和病人都是危险的。这种影响可能是随机的，也可能是确定的。防护服使医院工作人员、病人和病人家属在正常工作条件下接受的辐射剂量尽可能低(ALARA)。防护服使用后在诊疗室经常处理不当导致损坏。目的:本研究旨在评估尼日利亚阿达马瓦州一家三级卫生机构放射科使用的防护服的完整性。方法:对约拉市3家不同医院的26件防护服进行鉴定、检验，按医院、型号、厂家名称、使用年限、铅条厚度等进行分类。使用17 x 14英寸的卡带，在每件衣服上以70 kVp和10 ma进行两次曝光，使用常规x射线装置，焦膜距离(FFD)为100cm。结果:防护服缺陷12件(46.0%)，其中5号裂口(42.0%)、4号裂口(33.0%)和3号裂口(25.0%)最为常见。服装使用年限与防护服次品数量的相关性无统计学意义(p = 0.166)。结论:为了确保防护服提供最好的保护;放射科的服装需要适当的储存和定期的质量保证，以确保防辐射。
{"title":"QUALITY ASSURANCE OF PERSONAL PROTECTIVE APPAREL AT TERTIARY HOSPITALS IN YOLA, ADAMAWA STATE","authors":"Bamanga Abdularazaq, U. Abdulrahman, M. Mohammed, Musa Hassan, Mohammed Ibrahim, Imam Zayyad","doi":"10.48153/jrrs/2022/zjyw8662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48153/jrrs/2022/zjyw8662","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Exposure to ionizing radiation is hazardous to radiological workers, patient's relatives, and patients. The effect may be stochastic or deterministic. Protective apparel keeps the radiation dose received by hospital workers, patients and patient relatives as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) under normal working conditions. Protective apparel is frequently mishandled in the diagnostic room after use leading to damage. Objective: This study aimed at assessing the integrity of the protective apparel used at the radiology department of a tertiary health institution in Adamawa State of Nigeria. Methods: From three different hospitals in Yola, 26 pieces of protective apparel were identified, inspected and classified by the hospital, type, manufacturer's name, years it had been used, and the thickness of the lead. With a 17 x 14-inch cassette two exposures were made on each garment with 70 kVp and 10 mAs with a focal film distance (FFD) of 100cm with a conventional x-ray unit. Results: The result showed 12 (46.0 %) of the protective apparel studied were defective with split 5 (42.0%), crack 4(33.0%) and hole 3(25.0%) as the most common defect. The correlation between the apparels age and the number of defective protective apparel were statistically not significant (p = 0.166). Conclusion: In order to ensure protective garments provide the best protection possible; there is a need for proper storage and regular quality assurance on the apparel in the radiology departments to ensure radiation protection.","PeriodicalId":16919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiography and Radiation Sciences","volume":"194 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75159666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-05DOI: 10.48153/jrrs.v35i2.225188
S. Onwuzu, O. Abonyi, Sunday David, Anthony Ozioko, Chinagorom Umeugochukwu, Vincent Ugwu, I. Onwuzu
Background: Radiation monitoring is an essential radiation safety practice that helps to determine the cumulative radiation dose absorbed by radiographers, ensuring that it does not exceed permissible limits. Failure in practice and implementation of radiation monitoring exposes radiographers to stochastic effects of radiation exposure, increasing the hazard radiation workers are exposed to. Objective: To reassess the practice and implementation of radiation monitoring of radiographers working in south-eastern tertiary hospitals in Nigeria. Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey involving 102 radiographers from 5 selected South-Eastern tertiary hospitals. Proportional stratified random sampling was used to select the radiographers from each tertiary hospital while a semi-structured questionnaire in line with the specific objectives was used as the method for data collection. Information obtained from the respondents was related to established radiation monitoring requirements and tables were used for data presentation. Results: With a perfect response rate from the 102 respondents, personnel radiation monitoring was available to only 31% (n = 32) of the respondents with 59% (n = 19) using Thermoluminiscent dosimeters. Even though a majority (71.9%, n=23) wore their dosimeters daily, only half (50%, n = 16) of those monitored had routine device retrieval and feedback of reading at the appropriate time. Employees did not demand radiation monitoring history from the radiographers before employment and only 10% (n = 3) of those monitored claimed they had dosimetry records. Lastly, only 6.3% (n = 2) of radiographers have been on leave as a direct result of over-exposure to radiation. Conclusion: Personnel radiation monitoring practices of radiographers in South-Eastern tertiary hospitals still remain below internationally acceptable standards. Comparing the findings of this study with a similar study carried out 10 years ago, there has been little improvement in the radiation monitoring of radiographers. The management of tertiary health institutions should ensure that personnel monitoring devices are made available to radiographers, and stricter rules should be placed on the daily wearing of dosimeters.
{"title":"THE PRACTICE AND IMPLEMENTATION OF RADIATION MONITORING OF RADIOGRAPHERS IN TERTIARY HOSPITALS IN SOUTHEASTERN NIGERIA: A REASSESSMENT","authors":"S. Onwuzu, O. Abonyi, Sunday David, Anthony Ozioko, Chinagorom Umeugochukwu, Vincent Ugwu, I. Onwuzu","doi":"10.48153/jrrs.v35i2.225188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48153/jrrs.v35i2.225188","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Radiation monitoring is an essential radiation safety practice that helps to determine the cumulative radiation dose absorbed by radiographers, ensuring that it does not exceed permissible limits. Failure in practice and implementation of radiation monitoring exposes radiographers to stochastic effects of radiation exposure, increasing the hazard radiation workers are exposed to. Objective: To reassess the practice and implementation of radiation monitoring of radiographers working in south-eastern tertiary hospitals in Nigeria. Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey involving 102 radiographers from 5 selected South-Eastern tertiary hospitals. Proportional stratified random sampling was used to select the radiographers from each tertiary hospital while a semi-structured questionnaire in line with the specific objectives was used as the method for data collection. Information obtained from the respondents was related to established radiation monitoring requirements and tables were used for data presentation. Results: With a perfect response rate from the 102 respondents, personnel radiation monitoring was available to only 31% (n = 32) of the respondents with 59% (n = 19) using Thermoluminiscent dosimeters. Even though a majority (71.9%, n=23) wore their dosimeters daily, only half (50%, n = 16) of those monitored had routine device retrieval and feedback of reading at the appropriate time. Employees did not demand radiation monitoring history from the radiographers before employment and only 10% (n = 3) of those monitored claimed they had dosimetry records. Lastly, only 6.3% (n = 2) of radiographers have been on leave as a direct result of over-exposure to radiation. Conclusion: Personnel radiation monitoring practices of radiographers in South-Eastern tertiary hospitals still remain below internationally acceptable standards. Comparing the findings of this study with a similar study carried out 10 years ago, there has been little improvement in the radiation monitoring of radiographers. The management of tertiary health institutions should ensure that personnel monitoring devices are made available to radiographers, and stricter rules should be placed on the daily wearing of dosimeters.","PeriodicalId":16919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiography and Radiation Sciences","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78441483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-05DOI: 10.48153/jrrs.v35i2.224928
Nemi Joshua, M. Sidi, Isaac Udugh
Background: Repeat-Reject Analysis (RRA) is a quality indicator and a critical tool for dose and image quality optimization in Radiology Departments. Aim: This study was aimed at evaluating the reject-repeat analysis of radiographs in digital computed radiography (CR) at the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: The study was a prospective, cross-sectional design. The study was conducted at the Department of Radiology, University of Abuja st st Teaching Hospital (UATH), Gwagwalada, from 1 September 2020 to 31 March 2021. All the rejected-repeated images were used during the study period; 377 images were rejected. An adapted data capture sheet was used from the quality assurance workbook for Radiographers and Radiological Technologists. The obtained data was analyzed using micro soft excel and statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 22.0. Result: Out of the total of 1362 images that were acquired during the study period, 377 images were rejected. The overall repeat-reject rate was 27.67%. The highest examination was the chest 560 (41.375), followed by lower extremities 41 (10.87%). The lowest examinations were the paranasal sinuses 1 (0.26%) and Thoracic spine 2 (0.52%). The pelvic/hips had the highest repeat-reject rate 28 (52.82%), followed by the lumbosacral spine 29 (49.15%) and then post-nasal space 16 (47.05%) respectively. Conclusion: In this study, the overall repeat-reject rate was higher than the acceptable limit. The chest has the highest number of examinations. The pelvic/hips had the highest repeat-reject rate, followed by the lumbosacral spine and post-nasal space respectively.
{"title":"REJECT-REPEAT ANALYSIS OF RADIOGRAPHS IN DIGITAL COMPUTED RADIOGRAPHY (CR) UNIVERSITY OF ABUJA TEACHING HOSPITAL, NIGERIA.","authors":"Nemi Joshua, M. Sidi, Isaac Udugh","doi":"10.48153/jrrs.v35i2.224928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48153/jrrs.v35i2.224928","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Repeat-Reject Analysis (RRA) is a quality indicator and a critical tool for dose and image quality optimization in Radiology Departments. Aim: This study was aimed at evaluating the reject-repeat analysis of radiographs in digital computed radiography (CR) at the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: The study was a prospective, cross-sectional design. The study was conducted at the Department of Radiology, University of Abuja st st Teaching Hospital (UATH), Gwagwalada, from 1 September 2020 to 31 March 2021. All the rejected-repeated images were used during the study period; 377 images were rejected. An adapted data capture sheet was used from the quality assurance workbook for Radiographers and Radiological Technologists. The obtained data was analyzed using micro soft excel and statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 22.0. Result: Out of the total of 1362 images that were acquired during the study period, 377 images were rejected. The overall repeat-reject rate was 27.67%. The highest examination was the chest 560 (41.375), followed by lower extremities 41 (10.87%). The lowest examinations were the paranasal sinuses 1 (0.26%) and Thoracic spine 2 (0.52%). The pelvic/hips had the highest repeat-reject rate 28 (52.82%), followed by the lumbosacral spine 29 (49.15%) and then post-nasal space 16 (47.05%) respectively. Conclusion: In this study, the overall repeat-reject rate was higher than the acceptable limit. The chest has the highest number of examinations. The pelvic/hips had the highest repeat-reject rate, followed by the lumbosacral spine and post-nasal space respectively.","PeriodicalId":16919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiography and Radiation Sciences","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76233381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-13DOI: 10.48153/jrrs/2021/szcv3165
Ibrahim Ilupeju
Background: The general consensus is that any exposure to ionising radiation carries a risk. Diagnostic radiology is the largest (87%) contributor to man-made ionising radiation, therefore any economical and socially acceptable means of reducing dose without compromising the diagnostic value of the procedure must be worth implementing. Aim: This study is aimed at evaluating lead apron integrity in five selected Hospitals in Abuja, Nigeria. Methodology: The methodology approach includes the application of a large area beam for transmission measurement with the placement of OSLD before and behind the ten (10) lead aprons to determine the entrance and exit dose as well as the transmission factor. In this study, a lead apron consisting of 0.25mm and 0.35mm thickness were examined. Results: The result shows that the transmittance factor of the entrance and exit dose through the lead equivalent aprons is directly proportional to the age of the apron with NHA1 having the highest transmission factor (0.83) and oldest age (16 years). WGH2 has the lowest transfer factor (0.12) and the least age (1 year). Conclusion: Lead aprons loses their attenuation capability over time and should be replaced after 15 years at most for effective protection against ionizing radiation.
{"title":"RADIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF LEAD APRON INTEGRITY IN FIVE SELECTED HOSPITALS IN ABUJA, NIGERIA","authors":"Ibrahim Ilupeju","doi":"10.48153/jrrs/2021/szcv3165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48153/jrrs/2021/szcv3165","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The general consensus is that any exposure to ionising radiation carries a risk. Diagnostic radiology is the largest (87%) contributor to man-made ionising radiation, therefore any economical and socially acceptable means of reducing dose without compromising the diagnostic value of the procedure must be worth implementing.\u0000\u0000Aim: This study is aimed at evaluating lead apron integrity in five selected Hospitals in Abuja, Nigeria. \u0000\u0000Methodology: The methodology approach includes the application of a large area beam for transmission measurement with the placement of OSLD before and behind the ten (10) lead aprons to determine the entrance and exit dose as well as the transmission factor. In this study, a lead apron consisting of 0.25mm and 0.35mm thickness were examined.\u0000\u0000Results: The result shows that the transmittance factor of the entrance and exit dose through the lead equivalent aprons is directly proportional to the age of the apron with NHA1 having the highest transmission factor (0.83) and oldest age (16 years). WGH2 has the lowest transfer factor (0.12) and the least age (1 year).\u0000\u0000Conclusion: Lead aprons loses their attenuation capability over time and should be replaced after 15 years at most for effective protection against ionizing radiation.","PeriodicalId":16919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiography and Radiation Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77223524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-13DOI: 10.48153/jrrs/2021/xowy5343
Geofery Luntsi
Background: There is a human resource crisis in the healthcare sector in Nigeria. This is because of the existing inequitable distribution of the available meagre workforce which is itself not helped by the increasing and currently trending brain drain. Purpose: This study aimed at assessing the factors that influence radiographers choice of career in rural settlements in Northeastern Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among Radiographers in Northeastern Nigeria. A 21-item, self-administered semi-structured questionnaire was distributed over a six (6) month period, where 130 questionnaires were distributed. The questionnaire consisted of two sections; a: on demography; b: on factors (attractors and detractors) for career choice in rural areas. Content analysis was used to analyze qualitative data; descriptive statistics were used to analyze quantitative data. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0 was used. Results: A total of 91 questionnaires were retrieved, giving a response rate of 70%. There were 56 (61.5%) males and 35 (38.5%) females. About 82 (90.1 %) had B.Sc and 9 (9.9 %) had M.Sc as their highest qualification. The major attractors for accepting rural jobs were improved remuneration 97 (86.8%) and opportunity for continuous professional development 72 (79.1%). While major detractors were, the cultural and traditional beliefs of the people in rural areas 23 (25.3%) and the lack of social amenities/poor infrastructure 22 (24.2%). Conclusion: The attractors for radiographers to rural areas in this study were; improved remuneration, availability of equipment, professional development, availability of social amenities and security among others. To recruit and retain radiographers in the rural areas, government, recruitment agencies and employers should in addition to good remuneration motivate the radiographers by providing adequate power, security, rural posting allowances, good functional equipment and a working and learning environment.
{"title":"THE RACE TOWARDS THE UNIVERSAL HEALTH COVERAGE AND FACTORS INFLUENCING RADIOGRAPHERS CAREER CHOICE IN RURAL SETTLEMENTS IN NORTH-EASTERN NIGERIA","authors":"Geofery Luntsi","doi":"10.48153/jrrs/2021/xowy5343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48153/jrrs/2021/xowy5343","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There is a human resource crisis in the healthcare sector in Nigeria. This is because of the existing inequitable distribution of the available meagre workforce which is itself not helped by the increasing and currently trending brain drain.\u0000\u0000Purpose: This study aimed at assessing the factors that influence radiographers choice of career in rural settlements in Northeastern Nigeria.\u0000\u0000Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among Radiographers in Northeastern Nigeria. A 21-item, self-administered semi-structured questionnaire was distributed over a six (6) month period, where 130 questionnaires were distributed. The questionnaire consisted of two sections; a: on demography; b: on factors (attractors and detractors) for career choice in rural areas. Content analysis was used to analyze qualitative data; descriptive statistics were used to analyze quantitative data. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0 was used.\u0000\u0000Results: A total of 91 questionnaires were retrieved, giving a response rate of 70%. There were 56 (61.5%) males and 35 (38.5%) females. About 82 (90.1 %) had B.Sc and 9 (9.9 %) had M.Sc as their highest qualification. The major attractors for accepting rural jobs were improved remuneration 97 (86.8%) and opportunity for continuous professional development 72 (79.1%). While major detractors were, the cultural and traditional beliefs of the people in rural areas 23 (25.3%) and the lack of social amenities/poor infrastructure 22 (24.2%).\u0000\u0000Conclusion: The attractors for radiographers to rural areas in this study were; improved remuneration, availability of equipment, professional development, availability of social amenities and security among others. To recruit and retain radiographers in the rural areas, government, recruitment agencies and employers should in addition to good remuneration motivate the radiographers by providing adequate power, security, rural posting allowances, good functional equipment and a working and learning environment.","PeriodicalId":16919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiography and Radiation Sciences","volume":"2016 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87951678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-13DOI: 10.48153/jrrs/2021/crnd4721
S. Onwuzu
Background: Carotid Doppler studies are frequently carried out to assess for possible stenosis resulting from the presence of carotid plaques. The carotid peak systolic velocity (PSV) and end-diastolic velocity (EDV) are key indices for determining the severity of the stenosis. However, normative values of these parameters may be dependent on anthropological variables like age and body mass index (BMI) Objective: The study was aimed at assessing the variations of PSV and EDV with age and BMI in a sampled Nigerian population. Materials and Methods: A total of 204 participants (72 males and 132 non-gravid females) aged between 20 and 70 years who were normotensive with no cardiovascular diseases were selected. Their ages, BMI, PSV and the EDV were measured using standard protocols for the four segments of the carotid artery: common carotid (CC), carotid bulb (CB), internal carotid (IC) and the external carotid (EC). Data obtained were presented using tables and line graphs while the analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the significant differences in measurement across the groups. Results: The mean PSV recorded were 88.25 ± 7.43 cm/s for the CC, 73.93 ± 6.23 cm/s for the IC, 51.01 ± 4.30 cm/s for the CB and 50.41 ± 4.25 cm/s for the EC. There was a steady increase of the PSV between 20 and 46 years from 74.91 cm/s to 98.78 cm/s for the CC, from 62.76 cm/s to 82.75 cm/s for the IC, from 42.80 cm/s to 56.43 cm/s for the EC and from 43.30 cm/s to 57.10 cm/s for the CB. The maximum EDV measured for the IC was (24.75 ± 2.11 cm/s). Others were 21.12 ± 1.8 cm/s for the CC, 19.38 ± 1.65 cm/s for CB and 16.92 ± 1.44 cm/s for the EC. The EDV also increased steadily between 20 to 46 years from 17.76 cm/s to 23.68 cm/s for the CC, from 21.04 cm/s to 27.75 cm/s for the IC, from 14.38 cm/s to 18.97 cm/s for the EC and from 16.48 cm/s to 21.73 cm/s for the CB. The PSV and EDV varied significantly with age (p > 0.05). Also, the PSV and EDV increased slightly with increasing BMI from 30 – 31.9 kg/m2. For a BMI of 20 kg/m2 to 32 kg/m2, the increase in PSV were from 79.48 cm/s to 90.75 cm/s for the CC, from 66.58 cm/s to 76.03 cm/s for the IC, from 45.40 cm/s to 51.85 cm/s for the EC and from 45.94 cm/s to 52.46 cm/s for the CV. Similarly, the PSV and EDV values decreased at a BMI of 30 – 31.99 kg/m2. Thus, the BMI was significantly associated with PSV and EDV across all segments of the carotid artery (p > 0.05). Conclusion: There are significant variations in carotid PSV and EDV with age and BMI. These variations should be taken into consideration when diagnoses on alterations in carotid artery flow are to be made using PSV and EDV values.
{"title":"CAROTID DOPPLER INDICES WITH AGE AND BODY MASS INDEX IN A SAMPLED NIGERIAN POPULATION","authors":"S. Onwuzu","doi":"10.48153/jrrs/2021/crnd4721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48153/jrrs/2021/crnd4721","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Carotid Doppler studies are frequently carried out to assess for possible stenosis resulting from the presence of carotid plaques. The carotid peak systolic velocity (PSV) and end-diastolic velocity (EDV) are key indices for determining the severity of the stenosis. However, normative values of these parameters may be dependent on anthropological variables like age and body mass index (BMI) \u0000\u0000Objective: The study was aimed at assessing the variations of PSV and EDV with age and BMI in a sampled Nigerian population. \u0000\u0000Materials and Methods: A total of 204 participants (72 males and 132 non-gravid females) aged between 20 and 70 years who were normotensive with no cardiovascular diseases were selected. Their ages, BMI, PSV and the EDV were measured using standard protocols for the four segments of the carotid artery: common carotid (CC), carotid bulb (CB), internal carotid (IC) and the external carotid (EC). Data obtained were presented using tables and line graphs while the analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the significant differences in measurement across the groups.\u0000\u0000Results: The mean PSV recorded were 88.25 ± 7.43 cm/s for the CC, 73.93 ± 6.23 cm/s for the IC, 51.01 ± 4.30 cm/s for the CB and 50.41 ± 4.25 cm/s for the EC. There was a steady increase of the PSV between 20 and 46 years from 74.91 cm/s to 98.78 cm/s for the CC, from 62.76 cm/s to 82.75 cm/s for the IC, from 42.80 cm/s to 56.43 cm/s for the EC and from 43.30 cm/s to 57.10 cm/s for the CB. The maximum EDV measured for the IC was (24.75 ± 2.11 cm/s). Others were 21.12 ± 1.8 cm/s for the CC, 19.38 ± 1.65 cm/s for CB and 16.92 ± 1.44 cm/s for the EC. The EDV also increased steadily between 20 to 46 years from 17.76 cm/s to 23.68 cm/s for the CC, from 21.04 cm/s to 27.75 cm/s for the IC, from 14.38 cm/s to 18.97 cm/s for the EC and from 16.48 cm/s to 21.73 cm/s for the CB. The PSV and EDV varied significantly with age (p > 0.05). Also, the PSV and EDV increased slightly with increasing BMI from 30 – 31.9 kg/m2. For a BMI of 20 kg/m2 to 32 kg/m2, the increase in PSV were from 79.48 cm/s to 90.75 cm/s for the CC, from 66.58 cm/s to 76.03 cm/s for the IC, from 45.40 cm/s to 51.85 cm/s for the EC and from 45.94 cm/s to 52.46 cm/s for the CV. Similarly, the PSV and EDV values decreased at a BMI of 30 – 31.99 kg/m2. Thus, the BMI was significantly associated with PSV and EDV across all segments of the carotid artery (p > 0.05).\u0000\u0000Conclusion: There are significant variations in carotid PSV and EDV with age and BMI. These variations should be taken into consideration when diagnoses on alterations in carotid artery flow are to be made using PSV and EDV values.","PeriodicalId":16919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiography and Radiation Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90427722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-13DOI: 10.48153/jrrs/2021/ihsh2654
C. Arimie
Background: Occupational burnout has become a critical issue among ultrasound practitioners. Inappropriate management of occupational burnout can lead to serious health problems. Aim: To evaluate the evidence of burnout among ultrasound practitioners in Rivers State. Materials and methods: A survey of ultrasound practitioners in selected diagnostic imaging facilities in Port Harcourt and its environs was conducted between November 2018 and March 2019 to evaluate the evidence of burnout. A descriptive survey design was employed and selection of the facilities was done using a systematic sampling technique. 21 diagnostic imaging facilities were used. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Management of the facilities. Data were obtained from structured questionnaires administered to 50 ultrasound practitioners in these facilities, who accepted to participate in the study. The questionnaire surveyed basic demographic data, time to get to work, experiences, practices, the number of night shifts and other factors that predispose burnout. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20. Results: The factors contributing to burnout among ultrasound practitioners are understaffing leading to work overload and excessive overtime work (41%), hostile interactions with patients' relatives (34%), interactions with colleagues (20%), and conflict with Boss/supervisor (5%). Burnout manifests differently among the practitioners as feelings of being worn-out and weary (46%), being sick (31%), being emotionally drained (23%). Conclusion: Ultrasound practitioners in Rivers State suffer a high level of burnout. Issues of understaffing and interpersonal communication skills should be addressed in order to minimize the incidence of burnout.
背景:职业倦怠已成为超声从业人员面临的重要问题。职业倦怠管理不当会导致严重的健康问题。目的:评价河流州超声从业人员职业倦怠的证据。材料与方法:2018年11月至2019年3月，对哈科特港及其周边地区选定诊断成像设施的超声从业人员进行了调查，以评估倦怠的证据。采用描述性调查设计，并采用系统抽样技术对设施进行选择。使用了21台诊断成像设备。已获得设施管理部门的道德许可。数据是通过结构化的问卷调查获得的，调查对象是接受参与研究的50名超声医生。该问卷调查了基本的人口统计数据、上班时间、经历、实践、夜班次数和其他易导致倦怠的因素。数据分析使用SPSS version 20。结果:导致超声医师职业倦怠的因素有:人员不足导致的超负荷工作和过度加班(41%)、与患者亲属的敌对互动(34%)、与同事的互动(20%)、与老板/主管的冲突(5%)。职业倦怠在从业人员中的表现不同，表现为疲惫不堪(46%)、生病(31%)、情绪低落(23%)。结论:河流州的超声从业者遭受高度的倦怠。应该解决人员不足和人际沟通技巧的问题，以尽量减少倦怠的发生率。
{"title":"AN EVALUATION OF THE EVIDENCE OF BURNOUT AMONG ULTRASOUND PRACTITIONERS IN RIVERS STATE","authors":"C. Arimie","doi":"10.48153/jrrs/2021/ihsh2654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48153/jrrs/2021/ihsh2654","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Occupational burnout has become a critical issue among ultrasound practitioners. Inappropriate management of occupational burnout can lead to serious health problems.\u0000\u0000Aim: To evaluate the evidence of burnout among ultrasound practitioners in Rivers State.\u0000\u0000Materials and methods: A survey of ultrasound practitioners in selected diagnostic imaging facilities in Port Harcourt and its environs was conducted between November 2018 and March 2019 to evaluate the evidence of burnout. A descriptive survey design was employed and selection of the facilities was done using a systematic sampling technique. 21 diagnostic imaging facilities were used. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Management of the facilities. Data were obtained from structured questionnaires administered to 50 ultrasound practitioners in these facilities, who accepted to participate in the study. The questionnaire surveyed basic demographic data, time to get to work, experiences, practices, the number of night shifts and other factors that predispose burnout. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20.\u0000\u0000Results: The factors contributing to burnout among ultrasound practitioners are understaffing leading to work overload and excessive overtime work (41%), hostile interactions with patients' relatives (34%), interactions with colleagues (20%), and conflict with Boss/supervisor (5%). Burnout manifests differently among the practitioners as feelings of being worn-out and weary (46%), being sick (31%), being emotionally drained (23%).\u0000\u0000Conclusion: Ultrasound practitioners in Rivers State suffer a high level of burnout. Issues of understaffing and interpersonal communication skills should be addressed in order to minimize the incidence of burnout.","PeriodicalId":16919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiography and Radiation Sciences","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74909389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-13DOI: 10.48153/jrrs/2021/kmwk7679
A. Yakubu
Background: Maternal foetal attachment is manifested in behaviours that demonstrate care and commitment to the foetus. Ultrasound decreases maternal anxiety and confers psychological benefits following a reassuring sonogram. Maternal-foetal attachment is affected by many socio-demographic factors which include maternal age, occupation, educational level, race, marriage duration, ethnicity, Religion, income status, pregnancy planning, and identification of the foetal gender Aim: This study was aimed at assessing the effect of ultrasound and sociodemographic factors on maternal foetal attachment during pregnancy. Method: A prospective study was conducted from November 2019 to March 2020. A convenient sampling method was employed and included 404 pregnant women aged 18-45 years old in their 2nd and 3rd trimesters. The data were collected using a maternal foetal attachment scale questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were carried out at a p-value < 0.05. Result: The score of the maternal foetal attachment scale was greater with post ultrasound than the pre ultrasound. There was a statistically significant difference between the pre and post ultrasound maternal foetal attachment scale (p=0.000). A statistically significant difference was observed in the maternal foetal attachment across the different ethnic groups (p=0.000), planned and unplanned pregnancy (p=0.000). Conclusion: This study revealed that ultrasound scan has an influence on maternal foetal attachment, planned pregnancy. Hausa, Bandawa and Jenjo were found to be more attached to their foetuses.
{"title":"IMPACT OF ULTRASOUND AND SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES ON MATERNAL FOETAL ATTACHMENT IN TARABA STATE, NIGERIA","authors":"A. Yakubu","doi":"10.48153/jrrs/2021/kmwk7679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48153/jrrs/2021/kmwk7679","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Maternal foetal attachment is manifested in behaviours that demonstrate care and commitment to the foetus. Ultrasound decreases maternal anxiety and confers psychological benefits following a reassuring sonogram. Maternal-foetal attachment is affected by many socio-demographic factors which include maternal age, occupation, educational level, race, marriage duration, ethnicity, Religion, income status, pregnancy planning, and identification of the foetal gender\u0000\u0000Aim: This study was aimed at assessing the effect of ultrasound and sociodemographic factors on maternal foetal attachment during pregnancy. \u0000\u0000Method: A prospective study was conducted from November 2019 to March 2020. A convenient sampling method was employed and included 404 pregnant women aged 18-45 years old in their 2nd and 3rd trimesters. The data were collected using a maternal foetal attachment scale questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were carried out at a p-value < 0.05.\u0000\u0000Result: The score of the maternal foetal attachment scale was greater with post ultrasound than the pre ultrasound. There was a statistically significant difference between the pre and post ultrasound maternal foetal attachment scale (p=0.000). A statistically significant difference was observed in the maternal foetal attachment across the different ethnic groups (p=0.000), planned and unplanned pregnancy (p=0.000).\u0000\u0000Conclusion: This study revealed that ultrasound scan has an influence on maternal foetal attachment, planned pregnancy. Hausa, Bandawa and Jenjo were found to be more attached to their foetuses.","PeriodicalId":16919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiography and Radiation Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89878261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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