Shahida Nasreen, A. Najmi, Asifa Andleeb, K. Fatima, M. Sofi, S. Banday
Introduction: Low-grade gliomas (LGG) are relatively rare tumors. They comprise 5% of all brain tumors and 15% of all gliomas. As per WHO classification diffuse infiltrating LGG s fall under Grade II tumors. Although these tumors are slow growing but eventually they progress to high-grade gliomas, so these patients should be treated aggressively. Materials and Methods: From January 2012 to January 2017, clinical information of patients, who had LGG, was collected retrospectively from patient registries at the radiation oncology department of our institute. Results: A total of 25 patients were analyzed. Out of the entire cohort, 64% were males, and 36% were females. The most common presenting symptom in our patients was seizures and blurring of vision (44% each). Cerebrum was the mos common site of lesion in 19 out of 25 (76.0%) cases, and among those 19 cases, frontal lobe was involved in 12 cases (63.1%). Craniotomy with tumor decompression was performed in all patients. Gross total excision was possible in only 2 (8%) out of 25 patients, whereas the remaining 23 (92%) patients underwent subtotal or near total excision only. These 23 patients received concurrent chemoradiation by cobalt-60 unit to a dose of 60 Gy with weekly temozolomide. 18 out of 23 (78.2%) patients received adjuvant six cycles temozolomidein view of residual disease after concurrent chemoradiotherapy. At the last follow-up, all the 25 patients were alive, 20 patients had no disease on contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, while five patients had stable disease. Conclusion: We conclude that LGG is a disease of young adults with seizures as most common presenting symptom. If treated with multidisciplinary treatment these patients have the long disease and disability-free survival. Neurocognitive dysfunction is low in our study group, but it needs longer follow-up.
{"title":"Low-grade gliomas: A single-institute experience","authors":"Shahida Nasreen, A. Najmi, Asifa Andleeb, K. Fatima, M. Sofi, S. Banday","doi":"10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_42_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_42_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Low-grade gliomas (LGG) are relatively rare tumors. They comprise 5% of all brain tumors and 15% of all gliomas. As per WHO classification diffuse infiltrating LGG s fall under Grade II tumors. Although these tumors are slow growing but eventually they progress to high-grade gliomas, so these patients should be treated aggressively. Materials and Methods: From January 2012 to January 2017, clinical information of patients, who had LGG, was collected retrospectively from patient registries at the radiation oncology department of our institute. Results: A total of 25 patients were analyzed. Out of the entire cohort, 64% were males, and 36% were females. The most common presenting symptom in our patients was seizures and blurring of vision (44% each). Cerebrum was the mos common site of lesion in 19 out of 25 (76.0%) cases, and among those 19 cases, frontal lobe was involved in 12 cases (63.1%). Craniotomy with tumor decompression was performed in all patients. Gross total excision was possible in only 2 (8%) out of 25 patients, whereas the remaining 23 (92%) patients underwent subtotal or near total excision only. These 23 patients received concurrent chemoradiation by cobalt-60 unit to a dose of 60 Gy with weekly temozolomide. 18 out of 23 (78.2%) patients received adjuvant six cycles temozolomidein view of residual disease after concurrent chemoradiotherapy. At the last follow-up, all the 25 patients were alive, 20 patients had no disease on contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, while five patients had stable disease. Conclusion: We conclude that LGG is a disease of young adults with seizures as most common presenting symptom. If treated with multidisciplinary treatment these patients have the long disease and disability-free survival. Neurocognitive dysfunction is low in our study group, but it needs longer follow-up.","PeriodicalId":16923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation and Cancer Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77105737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nancy Lal, Suresh Yadav, V. Yogi, O. Singh, H. Ghori, M. Choudhary, R. Saxena, Sachet Saxena
Background: In recent few decades, the evolution in imaging technology, especially computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging, results in widespread availability and its use in high-dose-rate (HDR) intracavitary brachytherapy (ICBT) applications. Aim: The present study was aimed to analyze the cumulative dose–volume histogram of the tumor and organs at risk (OARs) in three-dimensional (3D) CT image-based brachytherapy planning and clinical outcomes of the treated patients. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study included 40 patients with carcinoma cervix. After external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), a dose of 6 Gy per fraction of HDR ICBT in four fractions with a total dose to point “A” approximately 80–85 Gy was given. For planning, the tumor volumes (high-risk clinical target volume [HR-CTV]) and volume of OARs (bladder, rectum, and sigmoid colon) were contoured on each CT slice. The dose–volume parameters, i.e., minimum dose received to 90% and 100% by HR-CTV volume (D90 and D100) for target and the maximum dose received by minimum volume of 2CC (D2CC) for OARs, were calculated and assessed for clinical response in patients. Results: The mean D2CC dose was 18.24 ± 0.93 Gy, 16.44 ± 1.11 Gy, and 16.37 ± 0.67 Gy for bladder, rectum, and sigmoid colon, respectively. The combined (EBRT and HDR ICBT) mean equieffective dose in 2 Gy per fraction (EQD2) dose for bladder was 76.71 ± 2.05 Gy, for rectum was 72.82 ± 2.58 Gy, and for sigmoid colon was 72.71 ± 1.41 Gy, and its comparison with baseline values showing P < 0.01 for bladder, rectum, and sigmoid colon was considered statistically significant. The mean EQD2 dose of HR-CTV D90 was 151 ± 27.3 Gy. Patients who had received HR-CTV D90 of >90 Gy compared with <90 Gy had exceptionally better local control and complete response. Conclusion: The present study suggested that CT is a favorable modality for treatment planning in cervical cancer with limited resources setup in terms of improved tumor coverage, lesser toxicity, confirmation of applicator placement, and accounting dose to OARs.
{"title":"Evaluation of dose–Volume-based image-guided high-dose-rate brachytherapy in carcinoma uterine cervix: A prospective study","authors":"Nancy Lal, Suresh Yadav, V. Yogi, O. Singh, H. Ghori, M. Choudhary, R. Saxena, Sachet Saxena","doi":"10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_39_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_39_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In recent few decades, the evolution in imaging technology, especially computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging, results in widespread availability and its use in high-dose-rate (HDR) intracavitary brachytherapy (ICBT) applications. Aim: The present study was aimed to analyze the cumulative dose–volume histogram of the tumor and organs at risk (OARs) in three-dimensional (3D) CT image-based brachytherapy planning and clinical outcomes of the treated patients. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study included 40 patients with carcinoma cervix. After external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), a dose of 6 Gy per fraction of HDR ICBT in four fractions with a total dose to point “A” approximately 80–85 Gy was given. For planning, the tumor volumes (high-risk clinical target volume [HR-CTV]) and volume of OARs (bladder, rectum, and sigmoid colon) were contoured on each CT slice. The dose–volume parameters, i.e., minimum dose received to 90% and 100% by HR-CTV volume (D90 and D100) for target and the maximum dose received by minimum volume of 2CC (D2CC) for OARs, were calculated and assessed for clinical response in patients. Results: The mean D2CC dose was 18.24 ± 0.93 Gy, 16.44 ± 1.11 Gy, and 16.37 ± 0.67 Gy for bladder, rectum, and sigmoid colon, respectively. The combined (EBRT and HDR ICBT) mean equieffective dose in 2 Gy per fraction (EQD2) dose for bladder was 76.71 ± 2.05 Gy, for rectum was 72.82 ± 2.58 Gy, and for sigmoid colon was 72.71 ± 1.41 Gy, and its comparison with baseline values showing P < 0.01 for bladder, rectum, and sigmoid colon was considered statistically significant. The mean EQD2 dose of HR-CTV D90 was 151 ± 27.3 Gy. Patients who had received HR-CTV D90 of >90 Gy compared with <90 Gy had exceptionally better local control and complete response. Conclusion: The present study suggested that CT is a favorable modality for treatment planning in cervical cancer with limited resources setup in terms of improved tumor coverage, lesser toxicity, confirmation of applicator placement, and accounting dose to OARs.","PeriodicalId":16923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation and Cancer Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74579044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A comparative study of pulmonary toxicity between hypofractionated and conventionally fractionated radiation therapy in postmastectomy carcinoma breast","authors":"Linkon Biswas, Debojyoti Manna, Shyam Sharma, Chayan Roy, Asmita Dasgupta, TapasKumar Das","doi":"10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_44_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_44_22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation and Cancer Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75670802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Rajesh, T. Gopenath, Kanthesh M. Basalingappa, Shanmukhappa Kaginelli
Background: Radiotherapy is one of the most effective treatments for cancer. However, delivering an optimal dosage of radiation to the patients is always challenging due to the movements of the patient during treatment. Immobilization devices are typically used to minimize patient movement. Aims: The current work has been carried out to investigate the effectiveness of Three-dimensional printing (3D) printing to create patient-specific immobilization devices in comparison to traditional devices. Earlier studies have reported the advantages of 3D printed materials in the form of phantoms included improved patient experience and comfort over traditional methods. Further, high levels of accuracy between immobilizer and patient, reproducibility, and similar beam attenuation properties were better achieved compared to conventional or thermoformed immobilizers. Methods: The additive manufacturing process, however, is considered time-consuming as it requires time to print the desired shape. In the current study, polyamide-based PA 2200 which is biocompatible was used as source material for printing the customized Immobilize devices for radiotherapy. Results: Computer-aided designing (CAD) was used to design following the computer tomography scan of patients. The design was fed to the 3D printer for further processing. Conclusions: The mechanical properties of materials are important to receive the geometrical requirement that fits every patient. We used PA 2200, which is more biocompatible compared to other materials to produce phantoms using the system-generated design of the patient geometry. Further, phantoms produced did not show much deviation in radio fractionation when compared to the thermoplastic molds.
{"title":"Simulated three-dimensional printing printed polyamide based PA2200 immovable device for cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy","authors":"R. Rajesh, T. Gopenath, Kanthesh M. Basalingappa, Shanmukhappa Kaginelli","doi":"10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_28_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_28_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Radiotherapy is one of the most effective treatments for cancer. However, delivering an optimal dosage of radiation to the patients is always challenging due to the movements of the patient during treatment. Immobilization devices are typically used to minimize patient movement. Aims: The current work has been carried out to investigate the effectiveness of Three-dimensional printing (3D) printing to create patient-specific immobilization devices in comparison to traditional devices. Earlier studies have reported the advantages of 3D printed materials in the form of phantoms included improved patient experience and comfort over traditional methods. Further, high levels of accuracy between immobilizer and patient, reproducibility, and similar beam attenuation properties were better achieved compared to conventional or thermoformed immobilizers. Methods: The additive manufacturing process, however, is considered time-consuming as it requires time to print the desired shape. In the current study, polyamide-based PA 2200 which is biocompatible was used as source material for printing the customized Immobilize devices for radiotherapy. Results: Computer-aided designing (CAD) was used to design following the computer tomography scan of patients. The design was fed to the 3D printer for further processing. Conclusions: The mechanical properties of materials are important to receive the geometrical requirement that fits every patient. We used PA 2200, which is more biocompatible compared to other materials to produce phantoms using the system-generated design of the patient geometry. Further, phantoms produced did not show much deviation in radio fractionation when compared to the thermoplastic molds.","PeriodicalId":16923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation and Cancer Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75600788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Context: The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a big challenge to provision of health care. Cancer patients are considered to be at higher risk of developing complications from COVID-19 as they are often immunosuppressed. At the same time, treatment delays and late diagnosis during the pandemic due to travel restrictions, staff shortage, active COVID infections to patients or family members, etc., can lead to tumor progression and poor oncological outcomes. Aims: This retrospective observational study was undertaken to know the effect of the corona pandemic and consequent lockdown on the radiation treatment of oncology patients in our department. Materials and Methods: Subjects of the study were the patients who attended the Oncology Department of Kamineni Academy of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, which is a tertiary care center, during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study period was 6 months starting from the lockdown on April 24, 2020. Results: In our study, treatment of 16 out of 150 patients (10.67%) was affected due to the lockdown situation consequent to COVID-19 pandemic. Eight patients had treatment interruptions for more than 5 days, six patients discontinued their treatment, and two patients delayed their treatment due to lockdown. Eight patients tested positive for COVID-19 before starting treatment. Out of them, four did not come back for treatment. The mean delay in radiation treatment in the other four patients was 35 days. Two patients had CORAD scores consistent with COVID-19 but were reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction negative. Two patients turned positive during treatment after which they did not come back. Totally 9.3% (14/150) of the patients' treatment was affected due to corona infection. Conclusions: In our study, almost 20% of the patients' treatment was affected directly or indirectly by the COVID-19 pandemic situation. This in turn may lead to rise in cancer mortality in future.
{"title":"Study of effect of Corona-19 pandemic on radiation oncology practice – Single institution experience","authors":"Arpitha S Rao, Florence Mohan","doi":"10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_37_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_37_21","url":null,"abstract":"Context: The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a big challenge to provision of health care. Cancer patients are considered to be at higher risk of developing complications from COVID-19 as they are often immunosuppressed. At the same time, treatment delays and late diagnosis during the pandemic due to travel restrictions, staff shortage, active COVID infections to patients or family members, etc., can lead to tumor progression and poor oncological outcomes. Aims: This retrospective observational study was undertaken to know the effect of the corona pandemic and consequent lockdown on the radiation treatment of oncology patients in our department. Materials and Methods: Subjects of the study were the patients who attended the Oncology Department of Kamineni Academy of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, which is a tertiary care center, during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study period was 6 months starting from the lockdown on April 24, 2020. Results: In our study, treatment of 16 out of 150 patients (10.67%) was affected due to the lockdown situation consequent to COVID-19 pandemic. Eight patients had treatment interruptions for more than 5 days, six patients discontinued their treatment, and two patients delayed their treatment due to lockdown. Eight patients tested positive for COVID-19 before starting treatment. Out of them, four did not come back for treatment. The mean delay in radiation treatment in the other four patients was 35 days. Two patients had CORAD scores consistent with COVID-19 but were reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction negative. Two patients turned positive during treatment after which they did not come back. Totally 9.3% (14/150) of the patients' treatment was affected due to corona infection. Conclusions: In our study, almost 20% of the patients' treatment was affected directly or indirectly by the COVID-19 pandemic situation. This in turn may lead to rise in cancer mortality in future.","PeriodicalId":16923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation and Cancer Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76587548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: In this study, we aimed to compare the doses of the prostate gland and organs at risk (OAR) using dose volume histograms after external body radiation therapy options, Intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), and hybrid three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT), in patients diagnosed with high-risk prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: A total of 14 male patients with high-risk prostate cancer who received prostate radiotherapy combined with elective nodal irradiation, were selected; the total prostate doses were 78 Gy in 39 fractions and pelvic lymph nodes doses were 56 Gy in 28 fractions. The target coverage was evaluated in the PTV with the following parameters: Dmean, Dmin, Dmax, CN, and HI, and each normal tissue was evaluated using percentage volumes of reference doses which were previously defined by Radiation Therapy Oncology Group and QUANTEC criteria. Results: In target volumes, 95% of the targeted dose was adequately covered in all three of the 3BKRT, IMRT, and VMAT techniques. In terms of OAR, the percentages of volume exposed to high doses are much lower in the reverse plan IMRT and VMAT technique compared to the 3DCRT technique. There was no significant superiority between IMRT and VMAT in terms of reference values for rectum, bladder, femoral heads, bulbus penis, and small intestines. Conclusion: The superiority of IMRT and VMAT techniques over 3DCRT techniques has been clearly demonstrated, especially in terms of OAR, in patients with a diagnosis of high-risk prostate cancer. It is thought that one of these two techniques can be preferred by the possibilities in every radiotherapy clinic.
{"title":"Dosimetric comparison of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy, intensity-modulated radiotherapy, and volumetric modulated arc therapy in high-risk prostate cancer","authors":"O. Aynaci, Fatma Çolak, Lasif Serdar, A. Yöney","doi":"10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_34_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_34_21","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: In this study, we aimed to compare the doses of the prostate gland and organs at risk (OAR) using dose volume histograms after external body radiation therapy options, Intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), and hybrid three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT), in patients diagnosed with high-risk prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: A total of 14 male patients with high-risk prostate cancer who received prostate radiotherapy combined with elective nodal irradiation, were selected; the total prostate doses were 78 Gy in 39 fractions and pelvic lymph nodes doses were 56 Gy in 28 fractions. The target coverage was evaluated in the PTV with the following parameters: Dmean, Dmin, Dmax, CN, and HI, and each normal tissue was evaluated using percentage volumes of reference doses which were previously defined by Radiation Therapy Oncology Group and QUANTEC criteria. Results: In target volumes, 95% of the targeted dose was adequately covered in all three of the 3BKRT, IMRT, and VMAT techniques. In terms of OAR, the percentages of volume exposed to high doses are much lower in the reverse plan IMRT and VMAT technique compared to the 3DCRT technique. There was no significant superiority between IMRT and VMAT in terms of reference values for rectum, bladder, femoral heads, bulbus penis, and small intestines. Conclusion: The superiority of IMRT and VMAT techniques over 3DCRT techniques has been clearly demonstrated, especially in terms of OAR, in patients with a diagnosis of high-risk prostate cancer. It is thought that one of these two techniques can be preferred by the possibilities in every radiotherapy clinic.","PeriodicalId":16923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation and Cancer Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85817478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Fatima, Asifa Andleeb, Imtiyaz Hussain, M. Sofi, Afroz Fir, S. Qadri
Background: In clinical practice, the management of cancer-related anorexia/cachexia syndrome (CACS) is a great challenge. We conducted an observational study to find the effectiveness and safety of megestrol acetate (MA) for the treatment of CACS. Patients and Methods: One hundred patients of advanced cancer were randomly assigned in the study. Patients received MA 160 mg/oral twice daily. The duration of treatment was 8 weeks. Results: The analysis of the study group demonstrated a statistically significant increase from baseline in body weight (P ≤ 0.01), quality of life (P = 0.02), appetite (P = 0.01), and the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (P = 0.03). Conclusion: We concluded that MA is effective and safe in the treatment of CACS.
{"title":"Megestrol acetate in cancer cachexia and anorexia: Tertiary care experience","authors":"K. Fatima, Asifa Andleeb, Imtiyaz Hussain, M. Sofi, Afroz Fir, S. Qadri","doi":"10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_33_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_33_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In clinical practice, the management of cancer-related anorexia/cachexia syndrome (CACS) is a great challenge. We conducted an observational study to find the effectiveness and safety of megestrol acetate (MA) for the treatment of CACS. Patients and Methods: One hundred patients of advanced cancer were randomly assigned in the study. Patients received MA 160 mg/oral twice daily. The duration of treatment was 8 weeks. Results: The analysis of the study group demonstrated a statistically significant increase from baseline in body weight (P ≤ 0.01), quality of life (P = 0.02), appetite (P = 0.01), and the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (P = 0.03). Conclusion: We concluded that MA is effective and safe in the treatment of CACS.","PeriodicalId":16923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation and Cancer Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72514761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gangotree Mohanty, P. Singha, C. Datta, Sankhadeep Dutta, C. Panda
Purpose: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common and necessary cause for cervical cancer development. However, association of other microbial infections such as bacterial vaginosis (BV), trichomonas vaginalis (TV), and hepatitis B virus (HBV) with HPV in development of the disease is not clear. This study aimed to evaluate the association of HPV with the other coinfections with the development of cervical lesions. Materials and Methods: Cervical smears of 120 women (age range 20–70 years) were screened by cytology/serology for detection of BV, TV, and HBV. The prevalence of HPV and its copy number were detected by polymerase chain reaction-based methods. Results: HPV infection was infrequent (4%) in normal cytology samples followed by increase in atypical squamous cell of undetermined significance (ASCUS) (60.4%), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) (94.1%), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) (100.0%), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (100.0%). HPV 16 infection was prevalent than HPV 18 along their coinfections in some samples. The other microbial infections were comparatively less frequent (28.0%) in normal cytology samples than ASCUS (83.3%), LSIL (44.1%), HSIL (58.3%), and SCC (100.0%). BV infection was found in normal cytology as well as in ASCUS, LSIL, and HSIL samples, whereas TV infection was absent in normal cytology though prevalent in other cervical lesions. HBV infection was seen in only one ASCUS sample. Conclusions: Significant high HPV 16 copy number was seen to be associated with other microbial infections than the infection negative samples. Coinfection of HPV with other microbes has association with severity of cervical lesions.
{"title":"Association of human papillomavirus with other coinfections prevailing in abnormal cervical lesions","authors":"Gangotree Mohanty, P. Singha, C. Datta, Sankhadeep Dutta, C. Panda","doi":"10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_32_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_32_21","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common and necessary cause for cervical cancer development. However, association of other microbial infections such as bacterial vaginosis (BV), trichomonas vaginalis (TV), and hepatitis B virus (HBV) with HPV in development of the disease is not clear. This study aimed to evaluate the association of HPV with the other coinfections with the development of cervical lesions. Materials and Methods: Cervical smears of 120 women (age range 20–70 years) were screened by cytology/serology for detection of BV, TV, and HBV. The prevalence of HPV and its copy number were detected by polymerase chain reaction-based methods. Results: HPV infection was infrequent (4%) in normal cytology samples followed by increase in atypical squamous cell of undetermined significance (ASCUS) (60.4%), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) (94.1%), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) (100.0%), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (100.0%). HPV 16 infection was prevalent than HPV 18 along their coinfections in some samples. The other microbial infections were comparatively less frequent (28.0%) in normal cytology samples than ASCUS (83.3%), LSIL (44.1%), HSIL (58.3%), and SCC (100.0%). BV infection was found in normal cytology as well as in ASCUS, LSIL, and HSIL samples, whereas TV infection was absent in normal cytology though prevalent in other cervical lesions. HBV infection was seen in only one ASCUS sample. Conclusions: Significant high HPV 16 copy number was seen to be associated with other microbial infections than the infection negative samples. Coinfection of HPV with other microbes has association with severity of cervical lesions.","PeriodicalId":16923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation and Cancer Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85223098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mauro Mazzotta, A. Mazzotta, Manuel Fernández, R. Cazzato, G. d'Ettorre
Background: Occupational exposure to radon in working environments should be considered as chronic because the subjects involved undergo the effect due to the ionizing radiation from the same gas and decay products. The exposure characteristics create conditions for toxicological, radio-toxicological cellular, subcellular, and molecular mechanisms that lead to lung cancer. Aim: Our aim is to clarify the prediction of probable cases of lung cancer in 222Radon-exposed subjects in order to point out an obvious risk that should not be underestimated, particularly in subjects with an accumulated dose in many years of activity and for the previously underestimated gamma radiation (214Bi). Materials and Methods: A total of 168 electret sensors were set in couples for 84 surveys in working environments; also a further pair of them was used in order to determine the background γ generated by cosmic rays and we considered four group: general population, never smokers, former smokers, and current smokers. Results: Results are expressed in terms of mean and standard deviation, standard error, geometric mean with statistical significance (P < 0.01 [t-test]), and excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR). They demonstrate an increase of both mean concentrations (P < 0.01 [t-test]) and ELCR. This happens with multiple values of the allowed limits >150 Bq m3 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA) or >300 Bq m3 (international commission radiation protection), until to an individual accumulated dose as 90–95 work level month. We have detected the environmental variability associated with the structural characteristics of the buildings and their construction. Conclusion: The results showed that exposure in underground environments is significant although generally these environments are used as archives. Surprisingly, data greater than expected are also evident on the ground floor and first floor of historic buildings with solid and compact walls, with other factors playing a role as reduced or absent air changes during the night and activation of heating when work is resumed after renovation.
{"title":"222Radon carcinogenesis: Risk estimation in different working environments","authors":"Mauro Mazzotta, A. Mazzotta, Manuel Fernández, R. Cazzato, G. d'Ettorre","doi":"10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_10_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_10_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Occupational exposure to radon in working environments should be considered as chronic because the subjects involved undergo the effect due to the ionizing radiation from the same gas and decay products. The exposure characteristics create conditions for toxicological, radio-toxicological cellular, subcellular, and molecular mechanisms that lead to lung cancer. Aim: Our aim is to clarify the prediction of probable cases of lung cancer in 222Radon-exposed subjects in order to point out an obvious risk that should not be underestimated, particularly in subjects with an accumulated dose in many years of activity and for the previously underestimated gamma radiation (214Bi). Materials and Methods: A total of 168 electret sensors were set in couples for 84 surveys in working environments; also a further pair of them was used in order to determine the background γ generated by cosmic rays and we considered four group: general population, never smokers, former smokers, and current smokers. Results: Results are expressed in terms of mean and standard deviation, standard error, geometric mean with statistical significance (P < 0.01 [t-test]), and excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR). They demonstrate an increase of both mean concentrations (P < 0.01 [t-test]) and ELCR. This happens with multiple values of the allowed limits >150 Bq m3 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA) or >300 Bq m3 (international commission radiation protection), until to an individual accumulated dose as 90–95 work level month. We have detected the environmental variability associated with the structural characteristics of the buildings and their construction. Conclusion: The results showed that exposure in underground environments is significant although generally these environments are used as archives. Surprisingly, data greater than expected are also evident on the ground floor and first floor of historic buildings with solid and compact walls, with other factors playing a role as reduced or absent air changes during the night and activation of heating when work is resumed after renovation.","PeriodicalId":16923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation and Cancer Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86218626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The incidence of two or more intracranial malignancies of different cell types is extremely rare with an incidence of <0.9% of all primary central nervous system tumors. Herein, we report the rare combination of pituitary macroadenoma, benign condition with glioblastoma multiforme, highly aggressive malignancy in a 33-year-old male with the initial complaints of intermittent headache and vomiting. The clinical presentation, radiological characteristics, and treatments received by the patient are briefly discussed along with review of literature. The patient was treated with surgery followed by chemoradiotherapy and medical management. Post radiation, contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan of the brain showed postoperative changes with the resolution of the pituitary lesion.
{"title":"Dual intracranial primaries: A rare occurrence","authors":"Aastha Shah, M. Patel, U. Suryanarayan","doi":"10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_11_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_11_21","url":null,"abstract":"The incidence of two or more intracranial malignancies of different cell types is extremely rare with an incidence of <0.9% of all primary central nervous system tumors. Herein, we report the rare combination of pituitary macroadenoma, benign condition with glioblastoma multiforme, highly aggressive malignancy in a 33-year-old male with the initial complaints of intermittent headache and vomiting. The clinical presentation, radiological characteristics, and treatments received by the patient are briefly discussed along with review of literature. The patient was treated with surgery followed by chemoradiotherapy and medical management. Post radiation, contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan of the brain showed postoperative changes with the resolution of the pituitary lesion.","PeriodicalId":16923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation and Cancer Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79891726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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