{"title":"Memories of Dr. (Mrs.) A.M. Samuel: An outstanding scientist and highly dynamic administrator","authors":"KP Mishra","doi":"10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_80_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_80_22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation and Cancer Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79154887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.4103/2588-9273.360475
{"title":"Abstracts of 5th Asian congress of radiation research (5th ACRR) and 3rd biennial meeting of the society for radiation research","authors":"","doi":"10.4103/2588-9273.360475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2588-9273.360475","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation and Cancer Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80042344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aaditya Prakash, K. Mandal, Neelima Pokala, Govinda Amanapu
Aim: The study aims to evaluate the differences in dosimetry between tandem-ovoid (TO) and tandem-ring (TR) gynecologic brachytherapy applicators using different optimizing techniques in image-based brachytherapy. Background: Conventionally, TO applicators are in use to deliver doses to tumor in intracavitary brachytherapy. Nowadays, different types of applicators are available for cervical cancer brachytherapy treatment such as TR, tandem-cylinder, hybrid intracavitary, and interstitial applicators. Materials and Methods: In the present study, we used a TR and Fletcher-style TO applicator in the same patient, in two different sessions of brachytherapy. Four plans were generated for each patient, utilizing two different optimization techniques for each applicator used. A dose of 9 Gy (Gray) was prescribed and plans were normalized to left point A, and in other techniques, the optimization is done to achieve the recommended organ at risk (OAR) dose–volume constraints. Dose–volume and dose point parameters were compared. Results: The results indicate that the (OAR doses assessed by dose–volume histogram criteria were lower than the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) point doses for bladder and rectum with both TO and TR applicators for point A normalized plans. Both bladder and sigmoid received higher doses in TO than in TR but were statistically not significant (NS), but the rectum doses are higher in TR than in TO and it was statistically significant. The isodose volumes are higher in point A normalized plans than in OAR-based optimized plans in both applicators. The ICRU point doses are lower in OAR optimized plans than in point A normalized plans in both applicators. Conclusions: TO and TR applicators are commonly used gynecological intracavitary applicators. In this present study we did not find any significant difference between doses delivered to ICRU Point and Isodose volumes, after using both applicators .Critical OAR doses were also comparable. The only advantage of the ring applicator is, it provides an additional degree of freedom to load the vaginal sources over the ovoids and easy application in cases of narrow fornices with greater reproducibility.
{"title":"The dosimetric comparison between tandem-ovoid and tandemring applicator in cervical cancer brachytherapy","authors":"Aaditya Prakash, K. Mandal, Neelima Pokala, Govinda Amanapu","doi":"10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_35_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_35_22","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The study aims to evaluate the differences in dosimetry between tandem-ovoid (TO) and tandem-ring (TR) gynecologic brachytherapy applicators using different optimizing techniques in image-based brachytherapy. Background: Conventionally, TO applicators are in use to deliver doses to tumor in intracavitary brachytherapy. Nowadays, different types of applicators are available for cervical cancer brachytherapy treatment such as TR, tandem-cylinder, hybrid intracavitary, and interstitial applicators. Materials and Methods: In the present study, we used a TR and Fletcher-style TO applicator in the same patient, in two different sessions of brachytherapy. Four plans were generated for each patient, utilizing two different optimization techniques for each applicator used. A dose of 9 Gy (Gray) was prescribed and plans were normalized to left point A, and in other techniques, the optimization is done to achieve the recommended organ at risk (OAR) dose–volume constraints. Dose–volume and dose point parameters were compared. Results: The results indicate that the (OAR doses assessed by dose–volume histogram criteria were lower than the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) point doses for bladder and rectum with both TO and TR applicators for point A normalized plans. Both bladder and sigmoid received higher doses in TO than in TR but were statistically not significant (NS), but the rectum doses are higher in TR than in TO and it was statistically significant. The isodose volumes are higher in point A normalized plans than in OAR-based optimized plans in both applicators. The ICRU point doses are lower in OAR optimized plans than in point A normalized plans in both applicators. Conclusions: TO and TR applicators are commonly used gynecological intracavitary applicators. In this present study we did not find any significant difference between doses delivered to ICRU Point and Isodose volumes, after using both applicators .Critical OAR doses were also comparable. The only advantage of the ring applicator is, it provides an additional degree of freedom to load the vaginal sources over the ovoids and easy application in cases of narrow fornices with greater reproducibility.","PeriodicalId":16923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation and Cancer Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76285381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: Vertebral compression fractures frequently present with back pain and are determined by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. However, fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) is performed to determine the pathological fractures and primary tumors in a single imaging modality. The aim of this study is to evaluate the incidence of pathological fractures and primary tumors by means of combined bone scintigraphy and FDG PET/CT. Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight patients (15 females, 13 males; mean: 67.8 ± 11.6 years) with compression fractures determined by MR or plain radiographs were the subject of this study. The patients were referred for whole-body bone scintigraphy and due to the suspicion of metastasis additional FDG PET/CT was performed. The results of both studies were compared with the pathological and/or follow-up results. Results: The bone scintigraphy and PET/CT did not reveal concordant results according to the Kappa test. The SUVmax cutoff value was accepted as “7” and with this cutoff value, PET/CT achieved 57.1% sensitivity and 95.2% specificity in the determination of pathologic compression fractures. Conclusion: Although the results of bone scintigraphy and FDG PET/CT were not correlated with each other, FDG PET/CT revealed high specificity in the detection of pathologic fractures.
{"title":"Malignancy incidence and primary tumor investigation in the patients with vertebral compression fractures by means of combined Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate bone scintigraphy and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography","authors":"Z. Koç, P. Kara, Ahmet Dağtekin, Gülhan Öreki̇ci̇","doi":"10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_29_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_29_22","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Vertebral compression fractures frequently present with back pain and are determined by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. However, fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) is performed to determine the pathological fractures and primary tumors in a single imaging modality. The aim of this study is to evaluate the incidence of pathological fractures and primary tumors by means of combined bone scintigraphy and FDG PET/CT. Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight patients (15 females, 13 males; mean: 67.8 ± 11.6 years) with compression fractures determined by MR or plain radiographs were the subject of this study. The patients were referred for whole-body bone scintigraphy and due to the suspicion of metastasis additional FDG PET/CT was performed. The results of both studies were compared with the pathological and/or follow-up results. Results: The bone scintigraphy and PET/CT did not reveal concordant results according to the Kappa test. The SUVmax cutoff value was accepted as “7” and with this cutoff value, PET/CT achieved 57.1% sensitivity and 95.2% specificity in the determination of pathologic compression fractures. Conclusion: Although the results of bone scintigraphy and FDG PET/CT were not correlated with each other, FDG PET/CT revealed high specificity in the detection of pathologic fractures.","PeriodicalId":16923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation and Cancer Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78245804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Wani, Nazir Khan, Binish Arif, A. Dar, A. Najmi, N. Dar, Rabiya Khanam
Background: Cancer esophagus continues to be an aggressive tumor that causes high mortality. Even with new approaches, treatment remains disappointing. There are various known risk factors that increase the chances of development in carcinoma esophagus; in this context, we conducted this study to find if there is any association of serum copper and magnesium as a risk factor in the development of carcinoma esophagus. Aim: This study aimed to assess the serum levels of copper and magnesium in carcinoma esophagus patients. Materials and Methods: Between June 2016 and 2018, 200 cases of histologically confirmed carcinoma esophagus (study group) and 200 healthy individuals (control group) from the same socioeconomic status were enrolled in the study prospectively. Blood samples were taken from both the groups at the same time for the analysis of serum copper and magnesium was done by atomic absorption spectrophotometrically. The rationale was to find out if there is any deficiency or access of these micronutrients in either of the groups. Results: Of 400 cases, males were predominant 58.5% and 65.5% than females 41.5% and 34.5% in the study and control group, respectively. The mean age was 62.1 ± 12.61 and 59.8 ± 14.87 years in the study and control group, respectively. In our study, we observed that no significant difference was seen in serum magnesium levels in both the groups, while a high level of serum copper was found in the study group and seems to have a strong association with the development of carcinoma esophagus. Conclusions: The higher serum copper levels, as observed in this study, has any role to play as a risk factor in the development of cancer esophagus need to be studied at a larger sample size.
{"title":"Assessment of serum copper and magnesium in esophageal cancer patients","authors":"M. Wani, Nazir Khan, Binish Arif, A. Dar, A. Najmi, N. Dar, Rabiya Khanam","doi":"10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_58_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_58_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cancer esophagus continues to be an aggressive tumor that causes high mortality. Even with new approaches, treatment remains disappointing. There are various known risk factors that increase the chances of development in carcinoma esophagus; in this context, we conducted this study to find if there is any association of serum copper and magnesium as a risk factor in the development of carcinoma esophagus. Aim: This study aimed to assess the serum levels of copper and magnesium in carcinoma esophagus patients. Materials and Methods: Between June 2016 and 2018, 200 cases of histologically confirmed carcinoma esophagus (study group) and 200 healthy individuals (control group) from the same socioeconomic status were enrolled in the study prospectively. Blood samples were taken from both the groups at the same time for the analysis of serum copper and magnesium was done by atomic absorption spectrophotometrically. The rationale was to find out if there is any deficiency or access of these micronutrients in either of the groups. Results: Of 400 cases, males were predominant 58.5% and 65.5% than females 41.5% and 34.5% in the study and control group, respectively. The mean age was 62.1 ± 12.61 and 59.8 ± 14.87 years in the study and control group, respectively. In our study, we observed that no significant difference was seen in serum magnesium levels in both the groups, while a high level of serum copper was found in the study group and seems to have a strong association with the development of carcinoma esophagus. Conclusions: The higher serum copper levels, as observed in this study, has any role to play as a risk factor in the development of cancer esophagus need to be studied at a larger sample size.","PeriodicalId":16923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation and Cancer Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86857349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samantha Dsouza, Sandesh Rao, D. Fernandes, S. Shankar, M. Vidyasagar, Sheeba Santmayer
Background: Despite the advances in breast cancer treatment, it has a higher rate of mortality. The response of treatment varies significantly; this could be due to the various subtypes that determine the course of the disease. In this study, we evaluated patients who were treated definitively and had developed organ-specific metastasis and local recurrence according to biological subtype. Materials and Methods: Out of 856 patients who were diagnosed to have carcinoma breast from the year January 2015 to January 2020, 468 patients were treated definitively, out of which 55 patients developed recurrent or metastatic disease after completion of treatment. Results: The most frequent subgroup for relapse was triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) 23 (41.8%). Twenty-two (40%) had multiple metastases at the time of first distant recurrence. The most common site of distant recurrence was bone 28 patients (50.9%) with maximum incidence in Luminal B subgroup (23.6%), followed by liver metastasis 23 patients (41.81%) with the highest incidence seen among TNBC (18%), followed by lung 19 (34.5%) patients with maximum incidence in TNBC (16.3%) followed by brain 5 (9%) patients. Locoregional recurrence was observed in 13 patients, out of which 8 (61.5%) patients had TNBC molecular subgroup. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate an association between molecular subtype and pattern of recurrence.
{"title":"Pattern of local recurrence and metastasis in carcinoma breast according to molecular subtype in patients treated with definitive intent","authors":"Samantha Dsouza, Sandesh Rao, D. Fernandes, S. Shankar, M. Vidyasagar, Sheeba Santmayer","doi":"10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_1_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_1_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Despite the advances in breast cancer treatment, it has a higher rate of mortality. The response of treatment varies significantly; this could be due to the various subtypes that determine the course of the disease. In this study, we evaluated patients who were treated definitively and had developed organ-specific metastasis and local recurrence according to biological subtype. Materials and Methods: Out of 856 patients who were diagnosed to have carcinoma breast from the year January 2015 to January 2020, 468 patients were treated definitively, out of which 55 patients developed recurrent or metastatic disease after completion of treatment. Results: The most frequent subgroup for relapse was triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) 23 (41.8%). Twenty-two (40%) had multiple metastases at the time of first distant recurrence. The most common site of distant recurrence was bone 28 patients (50.9%) with maximum incidence in Luminal B subgroup (23.6%), followed by liver metastasis 23 patients (41.81%) with the highest incidence seen among TNBC (18%), followed by lung 19 (34.5%) patients with maximum incidence in TNBC (16.3%) followed by brain 5 (9%) patients. Locoregional recurrence was observed in 13 patients, out of which 8 (61.5%) patients had TNBC molecular subgroup. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate an association between molecular subtype and pattern of recurrence.","PeriodicalId":16923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation and Cancer Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88281508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Radiation therapy for cancer treatment can cause damage to the nervous system. Although the overall survival of cancer patients has increased with advances in therapy, such as surgery, radiotherapy, and systemic therapy. It is critical to assess the late adverse events caused by radiation therapy, such as cognitive decline, brain necrosis, and radiation-induced tumorigenesis. These adverse events are mostly irreversible and can significantly decrease the quality of life. The mechanism by which radiation therapy damages nerve cells is not fully understood, and neurons may not be as resistant to radiation as previously thought.It is important to weigh the benefits of radiation therapy in cancer treatment strategies against the possible risks of both acute and late adverse events. Long-term follow-up with these conditions is advised to improve survival and quality of life. This narrative review focused on the clinical manifestations and pathogenetic mechanisms of radiation-induced neuropathy.
{"title":"A narrative review of clinical manifestations and pathogenetic mechanisms of neuropathy induced by radiation therapy","authors":"Atsuto Katano","doi":"10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_57_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_57_21","url":null,"abstract":"Radiation therapy for cancer treatment can cause damage to the nervous system. Although the overall survival of cancer patients has increased with advances in therapy, such as surgery, radiotherapy, and systemic therapy. It is critical to assess the late adverse events caused by radiation therapy, such as cognitive decline, brain necrosis, and radiation-induced tumorigenesis. These adverse events are mostly irreversible and can significantly decrease the quality of life. The mechanism by which radiation therapy damages nerve cells is not fully understood, and neurons may not be as resistant to radiation as previously thought.It is important to weigh the benefits of radiation therapy in cancer treatment strategies against the possible risks of both acute and late adverse events. Long-term follow-up with these conditions is advised to improve survival and quality of life. This narrative review focused on the clinical manifestations and pathogenetic mechanisms of radiation-induced neuropathy.","PeriodicalId":16923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation and Cancer Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83977088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Sofi, M. Lone, K. Fatima, Asifa Andleeb, Afroz Fir, N. Khan, A. Najmi, N. Dar, Shahida Nasreen
Objective: The objective of this study was to find the profile of childhood cancers in the Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, India, from 2010 to 2019. Materials and Methods: It was a retrospective study where medical records of children with cancer that was registered in regional cancer center SKIMS, Srinagar, from January 2010 to December 2019, aged 0–14 years diagnosed using histological or cytological examinations were reviewed to gather data on the prevalence and pattern of tumors according to age, sex, and rural and urban distribution. Results: There were 38,962 new confirmed cases registered in the regional cancer center at SKIMS, Srinagar, during these 10 years. Among which 1036 were below 15 years of age. An average of 103 cases attended per year. Overall pediatric tumors were 2.66% of total cancers. The frequency of cancer was found to be higher among boys (57.9%) than girls (42.1%) with a ratio of 1.37:1. The majority of the children were from rural areas (84.9%) compared to (15.1%) from urban areas. The results showed that leukemia (36.6%), lymphoma (19.8%), and bone tumors (9.3%) were the commonly found childhood cancers among the children attended at SKIMS, Srinagar, during these 10 years. Other less commonly found tumors were central nervous system tumors (6.7%), Wilms' tumor (4.1%), retinoblastoma (3.7%), and cancer of unknown primary with secondaries (1.5%). Conclusions: Leukemia, lymphoma, and bone tumors were the most common malignancies reported in the children treated at our cancer center.
{"title":"Profile of pediatric tumors: A 10-year study at a tertiary care center in North India","authors":"M. Sofi, M. Lone, K. Fatima, Asifa Andleeb, Afroz Fir, N. Khan, A. Najmi, N. Dar, Shahida Nasreen","doi":"10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_52_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_52_21","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The objective of this study was to find the profile of childhood cancers in the Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, India, from 2010 to 2019. Materials and Methods: It was a retrospective study where medical records of children with cancer that was registered in regional cancer center SKIMS, Srinagar, from January 2010 to December 2019, aged 0–14 years diagnosed using histological or cytological examinations were reviewed to gather data on the prevalence and pattern of tumors according to age, sex, and rural and urban distribution. Results: There were 38,962 new confirmed cases registered in the regional cancer center at SKIMS, Srinagar, during these 10 years. Among which 1036 were below 15 years of age. An average of 103 cases attended per year. Overall pediatric tumors were 2.66% of total cancers. The frequency of cancer was found to be higher among boys (57.9%) than girls (42.1%) with a ratio of 1.37:1. The majority of the children were from rural areas (84.9%) compared to (15.1%) from urban areas. The results showed that leukemia (36.6%), lymphoma (19.8%), and bone tumors (9.3%) were the commonly found childhood cancers among the children attended at SKIMS, Srinagar, during these 10 years. Other less commonly found tumors were central nervous system tumors (6.7%), Wilms' tumor (4.1%), retinoblastoma (3.7%), and cancer of unknown primary with secondaries (1.5%). Conclusions: Leukemia, lymphoma, and bone tumors were the most common malignancies reported in the children treated at our cancer center.","PeriodicalId":16923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation and Cancer Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86908687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Context: Adult medulloblastomas are very rare and constitute only 1% of the central nervous system tumors in adults. CSI treatment is challenging in adults due to the long, irregular target volume, critical structures, and field matchings due to multiple fields. Aims: This retrospective dosimetric study of adult patients who underwent Craniospinal irradiation was done to get insight into the challenges in the treatment and advantages of using RapidArc technique. Materials and Methods: The computed dosimetric rapid arc planning data of 3 adult cases who underwent Craniospinal irradiation between November 2018 and June 2021 were studied. Results: In our study mean conformity index (range) was 0.95 (0.91–1) and Mean homogeneity index (range) was 0.11 (0.06–0.15). Mean dose to the lenses, lungs, heart, and kidneys was 6.4 Gy, 9.4 Gy, 5 Gy, and 7 Gy, respectively. Conclusions: Volumetric modulated arc therapy technique for Craniospinal irradiation gives conformal dose distribution within the target, better normal tissue sparing, and more homogeneous dose distribution in the field junctions without the need to move the junction.
{"title":"Dosimetric study of Rapid Arc therapy during Craniospinal Irradiation in Adult patients","authors":"Arpitha S Rao","doi":"10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_26_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_26_21","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Adult medulloblastomas are very rare and constitute only 1% of the central nervous system tumors in adults. CSI treatment is challenging in adults due to the long, irregular target volume, critical structures, and field matchings due to multiple fields. Aims: This retrospective dosimetric study of adult patients who underwent Craniospinal irradiation was done to get insight into the challenges in the treatment and advantages of using RapidArc technique. Materials and Methods: The computed dosimetric rapid arc planning data of 3 adult cases who underwent Craniospinal irradiation between November 2018 and June 2021 were studied. Results: In our study mean conformity index (range) was 0.95 (0.91–1) and Mean homogeneity index (range) was 0.11 (0.06–0.15). Mean dose to the lenses, lungs, heart, and kidneys was 6.4 Gy, 9.4 Gy, 5 Gy, and 7 Gy, respectively. Conclusions: Volumetric modulated arc therapy technique for Craniospinal irradiation gives conformal dose distribution within the target, better normal tissue sparing, and more homogeneous dose distribution in the field junctions without the need to move the junction.","PeriodicalId":16923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation and Cancer Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75657321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Pemmaraju, Anuradha Singh, Anand Parab, Shubhangi Barsing
Giant cell tumors (GCTs) of bone constitute 3%–5% of all the bone tumors. GCTs are uncommon, locally aggressive, osteolytic neoplasms commonly seen in early adulthood. Involvement of cranial and facial bones is rare and comprises 2% of all the cases. Sphenoid and temporal bones are the most common sites of GCTs in head and neck. Although complete resection may not be possible, feasibility of partial resection depending on the extent and involvement of critical structures should be the best alternative. GCTs, though historically considered radioresistant, have a dose-dependent effect. This is a case report of a 20-year-old male, who presented with headache, blurring of vision in both the eyes, and diplopia for 2 months. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a 4.5 cm × 3.4 cm × 3.5 cm lesion involving superior body of clivus, sphenoid sinus, and floor of sella, adherent to anterior pituitary gland along the superior aspect, indenting optic chiasm with extrinsic compression and bulging into bilateral cavernous sinuses. The patient underwent endoscopic transnasal partial resection of the lesion. Histopathological examination showed tissue containing numerous osteoclasts such as giant cells separated by round to spindle-shaped mononuclear cells. On immunohistochemistry, the giant cells were positive for CD 68 with Ki 67 proliferation index about 15%–20% in highest proliferating areas. The patient underwent definitive radiation treatment to a radiation dose of 55 Gy in 31 fractions over 6 weeks. The patient tolerated treatment well with minimal toxicities, his vision improved by the end of treatment. The patient needs to be assessed for radiological response and late side effects. GCTs of the skull are rare benign osteolytic locally aggressive lesions generally seen in early adulthood. En bloc surgical resection is the treatment of choice but has high local recurrence rates. Radiation is the treatment of choice in unresectable, partially resected, and recurrent tumors. With the advent of advanced techniques such as intensity-modulated radiotherapy/volumetric-modulated arc therapy, better dose distribution can be achieved in the target minimizing dose to the critical structures. Imaging with daily kilovolt cone-beam computed tomography is essential in the treatment of tumors of the skull for precise treatment delivery.
骨巨细胞瘤(gct)占骨肿瘤的3%-5%。gct是罕见的，局部侵袭性的溶骨性肿瘤，常见于成年早期。累及颅面骨是罕见的，占所有病例的2%。蝶骨和颞骨是头颈部gct最常见的部位。虽然完全切除可能是不可能的，但部分切除的可行性取决于关键结构的程度和受累程度，应该是最好的选择。虽然历史上认为gct具有放射抗性，但它具有剂量依赖性。这是一个20岁男性的病例报告，他表现为头痛、双眼视力模糊和复视2个月。磁共振成像(MRI)显示，病变面积为4.5 cm × 3.4 cm × 3.5 cm，累及斜坡上体、蝶窦及蝶鞍底，沿上侧壁附着垂体前叶，缩进视交叉伴外源压迫，向双侧海绵窦膨出。患者接受内镜经鼻部分切除病变。组织病理学检查显示组织中含有大量的破骨细胞，如巨细胞，由圆形到纺锤形的单核细胞分开。免疫组化结果显示，巨细胞cd68阳性，Ki - 67增殖指数在增殖高峰区约为15% ~ 20%。患者在6周内接受了31次放射治疗，放射剂量为55 Gy。患者对治疗耐受良好，毒性最小，治疗结束时视力有所改善。需要评估患者的放射反应和后期副作用。颅骨gct是一种罕见的良性溶骨局部侵袭性病变，通常见于成年早期。整体手术切除是治疗的选择，但有很高的局部复发率。放疗是不可切除、部分切除和复发肿瘤的首选治疗方法。随着调强放疗/调容电弧治疗等先进技术的出现，可以在靶区实现较好的剂量分布，使对关键结构的剂量最小化。每日千伏特锥束计算机断层扫描成像是必要的治疗颅骨肿瘤的精确治疗交付。
{"title":"Giant cell tumor of skull base: Management and review of literature","authors":"G. Pemmaraju, Anuradha Singh, Anand Parab, Shubhangi Barsing","doi":"10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_21_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_21_21","url":null,"abstract":"Giant cell tumors (GCTs) of bone constitute 3%–5% of all the bone tumors. GCTs are uncommon, locally aggressive, osteolytic neoplasms commonly seen in early adulthood. Involvement of cranial and facial bones is rare and comprises 2% of all the cases. Sphenoid and temporal bones are the most common sites of GCTs in head and neck. Although complete resection may not be possible, feasibility of partial resection depending on the extent and involvement of critical structures should be the best alternative. GCTs, though historically considered radioresistant, have a dose-dependent effect. This is a case report of a 20-year-old male, who presented with headache, blurring of vision in both the eyes, and diplopia for 2 months. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a 4.5 cm × 3.4 cm × 3.5 cm lesion involving superior body of clivus, sphenoid sinus, and floor of sella, adherent to anterior pituitary gland along the superior aspect, indenting optic chiasm with extrinsic compression and bulging into bilateral cavernous sinuses. The patient underwent endoscopic transnasal partial resection of the lesion. Histopathological examination showed tissue containing numerous osteoclasts such as giant cells separated by round to spindle-shaped mononuclear cells. On immunohistochemistry, the giant cells were positive for CD 68 with Ki 67 proliferation index about 15%–20% in highest proliferating areas. The patient underwent definitive radiation treatment to a radiation dose of 55 Gy in 31 fractions over 6 weeks. The patient tolerated treatment well with minimal toxicities, his vision improved by the end of treatment. The patient needs to be assessed for radiological response and late side effects. GCTs of the skull are rare benign osteolytic locally aggressive lesions generally seen in early adulthood. En bloc surgical resection is the treatment of choice but has high local recurrence rates. Radiation is the treatment of choice in unresectable, partially resected, and recurrent tumors. With the advent of advanced techniques such as intensity-modulated radiotherapy/volumetric-modulated arc therapy, better dose distribution can be achieved in the target minimizing dose to the critical structures. Imaging with daily kilovolt cone-beam computed tomography is essential in the treatment of tumors of the skull for precise treatment delivery.","PeriodicalId":16923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation and Cancer Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82470020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：