Aashita, Jaspreet Kaur, Apratim Roy Choudhury, Vikas Yadav, Pragyat Thakur
ABSTRACT Wilms tumor (WT) is a relatively common pediatric tumor. Depending on the stage of disease, treatment includes surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy can induce differentiation of tumor cells to rhabdoid morphology that can masquerade as rhabdoid tumor of the kidney. We report a rare case of WT with rhabdoid differentiation subsequent to treatment with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Rhabdoid tumor of the kidney was initially considered a sarcomatous variant of WT, however was later classified separately due to distinct behavior. This makes it challenging to differentiate from WT with rhabdoid differentiation which is important as that would also affect the aggressiveness of treatment and prognosis.
{"title":"Rhabdoid Differentiation in Wilms Tumor","authors":"Aashita, Jaspreet Kaur, Apratim Roy Choudhury, Vikas Yadav, Pragyat Thakur","doi":"10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_74_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_74_23","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 \u0000 Wilms tumor (WT) is a relatively common pediatric tumor. Depending on the stage of disease, treatment includes surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy can induce differentiation of tumor cells to rhabdoid morphology that can masquerade as rhabdoid tumor of the kidney. We report a rare case of WT with rhabdoid differentiation subsequent to treatment with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Rhabdoid tumor of the kidney was initially considered a sarcomatous variant of WT, however was later classified separately due to distinct behavior. This makes it challenging to differentiate from WT with rhabdoid differentiation which is important as that would also affect the aggressiveness of treatment and prognosis.","PeriodicalId":16923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation and Cancer Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141664219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Nath, M. Bhattacharyya, Joydeep Nath, Abhinandan Das, Jahnabi Das, Yanpothung Yanthan
ABSTRACT The management of recurrences or residual lesions following radiation therapy for brain tumors poses a challenging clinical scenario, necessitating careful consideration for treatment strategies. There is no standard of care for patients with recurrent high-grade glioma. Treatment strategies include resection, re-irradiation, systemic agents, and intratumoral thermotherapy using magnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles (nanotherapy). A small percentage of patients can undergo repeat surgery and re-radiation is also a matter of concern due to anticipated toxicities. However, advancements in radiation technology have made people more willing to consider re-irradiation. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent re-irradiation for high-grade glioma. In total, five patients were included in the study. All five patients had anaplastic astrocytoma. All patients were considered for surgery, followed by radiation therapy during the initial treatment. Three patients had an average of 4 years of symptom-free survival, while the other two had symptoms ranging from moderate to severe. Three of the five patients died within 1 year of taking the re-radiation; however, two patients are still in follow-up.
{"title":"Re-irradiation in High-grade Glioma: An Experience from A Series of Five Patients","authors":"J. Nath, M. Bhattacharyya, Joydeep Nath, Abhinandan Das, Jahnabi Das, Yanpothung Yanthan","doi":"10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_1_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_1_24","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 \u0000 The management of recurrences or residual lesions following radiation therapy for brain tumors poses a challenging clinical scenario, necessitating careful consideration for treatment strategies. There is no standard of care for patients with recurrent high-grade glioma. Treatment strategies include resection, re-irradiation, systemic agents, and intratumoral thermotherapy using magnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles (nanotherapy). A small percentage of patients can undergo repeat surgery and re-radiation is also a matter of concern due to anticipated toxicities. However, advancements in radiation technology have made people more willing to consider re-irradiation. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent re-irradiation for high-grade glioma. In total, five patients were included in the study. All five patients had anaplastic astrocytoma. All patients were considered for surgery, followed by radiation therapy during the initial treatment. Three patients had an average of 4 years of symptom-free survival, while the other two had symptoms ranging from moderate to severe. Three of the five patients died within 1 year of taking the re-radiation; however, two patients are still in follow-up.","PeriodicalId":16923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation and Cancer Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141663046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shriram Rajurkar, Teerthraj Verma, Mlb Bhatt, S. P. Mishra, P. Deshmukh, D. Sargar
ABSTRACT The aim of the present study is to propose an in-house developed artificial intelligence (AI) tool based on Python programming for the purpose of integral doses (IDs) calculation useful in plan evaluation in modern radiotherapy techniques. Retrospectively, curative radiotherapy plans of cancer head and neck planned with intensity-modulated radiation therapy techniques employing seven and nine photon beams of 6 MV, were included in this study. The derived dose-volume histogram data were analyzed for the calculation of ID for each of the contoured structures including high-risk planning target volume (HR-PTV) and surrounding normal structures using an in-house developed Python program. In this study, variation of ID between nine-beam and seven-beam plans was calculated. It was found that the ID for HR-PTV volume was almost equal in both nine and seven beam plans with the percentage variation range 0.4%–1.4%, however, significant variation up to 14.4% in the ID of organ at risk was found. Furthermore, we utilized the standard deviation (SD) as a metric to assess the variability of the ID within the PTV and the surrounding normal tissues. The HR-PTV exhibited a low SD of 0.71, suggesting consistent ID patterns. In contrast, the organs at risk (OAR) exhibited noteworthy variations in SD values, with some reaching as high as 16.75. The SD was relatively elevated in the OAR in comparison to the HR-PTV. These elevated SD values within the OAR indicate significant dose variability across different patients. It is found that ID increases as the number of beams increases. The Python program used in this study for the calculation of ID, as an AI assistive tool for plan evaluation, can be run on the TPS or on a side-by-side computer which may be helpful in finalizing radiotherapy plans.
{"title":"Artificial Intelligence Assistive Tool for Radiotherapy Plan Evaluation Based on Analysis of Integral Dose","authors":"Shriram Rajurkar, Teerthraj Verma, Mlb Bhatt, S. P. Mishra, P. Deshmukh, D. Sargar","doi":"10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_66_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_66_23","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The aim of the present study is to propose an in-house developed artificial intelligence (AI) tool based on Python programming for the purpose of integral doses (IDs) calculation useful in plan evaluation in modern radiotherapy techniques.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Retrospectively, curative radiotherapy plans of cancer head and neck planned with intensity-modulated radiation therapy techniques employing seven and nine photon beams of 6 MV, were included in this study. The derived dose-volume histogram data were analyzed for the calculation of ID for each of the contoured structures including high-risk planning target volume (HR-PTV) and surrounding normal structures using an in-house developed Python program.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In this study, variation of ID between nine-beam and seven-beam plans was calculated. It was found that the ID for HR-PTV volume was almost equal in both nine and seven beam plans with the percentage variation range 0.4%–1.4%, however, significant variation up to 14.4% in the ID of organ at risk was found. Furthermore, we utilized the standard deviation (SD) as a metric to assess the variability of the ID within the PTV and the surrounding normal tissues. The HR-PTV exhibited a low SD of 0.71, suggesting consistent ID patterns. In contrast, the organs at risk (OAR) exhibited noteworthy variations in SD values, with some reaching as high as 16.75. The SD was relatively elevated in the OAR in comparison to the HR-PTV. These elevated SD values within the OAR indicate significant dose variability across different patients.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 It is found that ID increases as the number of beams increases. The Python program used in this study for the calculation of ID, as an AI assistive tool for plan evaluation, can be run on the TPS or on a side-by-side computer which may be helpful in finalizing radiotherapy plans.\u0000","PeriodicalId":16923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation and Cancer Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141663298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Leiomyosarcomas represent a group of aggressive soft-tissue sarcomas arising from smooth muscle cells primarily found in the uterus and gastrointestinal tract. Leiomyosarcomas of the bone are extremely rare. We report a rare case of leiomyosarcoma of the tibia. A 71-year-old male patient presented to our department with the chief complaint of painful swelling over the left knee for 3 months. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with gadolinium of the left knee showed a 7.5 cm × 6 cm × 5 cm bony lesion associated with a soft-tissue component in the upper epimetaphysis of the left tibia. A biopsy of the lesion showed a malignant spindle cell tumor, following which the patient was offered two cycles of adriamycin single-agent chemotherapy. Postchemotherapy MRI showed progression of the lesion to the size of 9.9 cm × 8.2 cm × 6.5 cm, involving the articular surface of the tibia. Following progression, the patient was planned for wide local excision of the lesion, which turned out to be leiomyosarcoma Grade III with a mitotic rate of 30/10 high power field, and the size of the lesion’s largest diameter was 8 cm with soft-tissue infiltration. Margins were clear, and there were no adverse features of lymphovascular and perineural invasion or articular cartilage infiltration. Immunohistochemistry markers were used to confirm the bony origin of the leiomyosarcoma, which is extremely rare. Actin, calponin, and S 100 were positive, and CD 34, SOX 10, and SATB2 were negative. All surgical slides examined showed no evidence of osteoid. Postoperative positron emission computed tomography revealed no evidence of any disease, and thereby, the plan was to keep the patient on close follow-up. Multiple studies have reported a poor response of leiomyosarcoma of the bone to chemotherapy, as well as minimal overall survival benefit. The radical surgical excision of a bony lesion with the achievement of negative margins is similar to that of other primary malignant bone tumors. Sarcomas are generally believed to be radioresistant in nature, and thereby, their role in either a neoadjuvant or adjuvant setting is controversial. A multidisciplinary approach should be used in such rare cases as leiomyosarcomas of osseous origin.
{"title":"Osseous Leiomyosarcoma: A Rare Entity","authors":"Monik Patel, Aastha Shah, M. Mehta, Ankita Parikh","doi":"10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_78_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_78_23","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 \u0000 Leiomyosarcomas represent a group of aggressive soft-tissue sarcomas arising from smooth muscle cells primarily found in the uterus and gastrointestinal tract. Leiomyosarcomas of the bone are extremely rare. We report a rare case of leiomyosarcoma of the tibia. A 71-year-old male patient presented to our department with the chief complaint of painful swelling over the left knee for 3 months. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with gadolinium of the left knee showed a 7.5 cm × 6 cm × 5 cm bony lesion associated with a soft-tissue component in the upper epimetaphysis of the left tibia. A biopsy of the lesion showed a malignant spindle cell tumor, following which the patient was offered two cycles of adriamycin single-agent chemotherapy. Postchemotherapy MRI showed progression of the lesion to the size of 9.9 cm × 8.2 cm × 6.5 cm, involving the articular surface of the tibia. Following progression, the patient was planned for wide local excision of the lesion, which turned out to be leiomyosarcoma Grade III with a mitotic rate of 30/10 high power field, and the size of the lesion’s largest diameter was 8 cm with soft-tissue infiltration. Margins were clear, and there were no adverse features of lymphovascular and perineural invasion or articular cartilage infiltration. Immunohistochemistry markers were used to confirm the bony origin of the leiomyosarcoma, which is extremely rare. Actin, calponin, and S 100 were positive, and CD 34, SOX 10, and SATB2 were negative. All surgical slides examined showed no evidence of osteoid. Postoperative positron emission computed tomography revealed no evidence of any disease, and thereby, the plan was to keep the patient on close follow-up. Multiple studies have reported a poor response of leiomyosarcoma of the bone to chemotherapy, as well as minimal overall survival benefit. The radical surgical excision of a bony lesion with the achievement of negative margins is similar to that of other primary malignant bone tumors. Sarcomas are generally believed to be radioresistant in nature, and thereby, their role in either a neoadjuvant or adjuvant setting is controversial. A multidisciplinary approach should be used in such rare cases as leiomyosarcomas of osseous origin.","PeriodicalId":16923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation and Cancer Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141383857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT This review’s objective is to consolidate knowledge on key endometrial cancer (EC) biomarkers and their molecular underpinnings within the context of the modern era of molecular classification. The review also encompasses an overview of the molecular subtyping of EC, offers recommendations for treatment approaches, and insights into ongoing radiation trials. By integrating clinical and pathologic features to inform treatment decisions, including concurrent chemoradiation, chemotherapy, targeted therapies, endocrine therapy, and immunotherapy, there is potential to enhance EC management and provide patients with more effective and tailored treatment options. Molecular classification offers the foundation for tailor-made treatment strategies, enabling the development of highly precise and personalized plans. This reduces the utilization of unnecessary treatments, offering the prospect of improved outcomes and ultimately elevating the quality of life for patients with EC.
{"title":"Navigating Adjuvant Radiotherapy Advancements in Endometrial Cancer within the Molecular Classification Landscape: A Comprehensive Overview","authors":"Jahnabi Das, J. Nath","doi":"10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_67_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_67_23","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 \u0000 This review’s objective is to consolidate knowledge on key endometrial cancer (EC) biomarkers and their molecular underpinnings within the context of the modern era of molecular classification. The review also encompasses an overview of the molecular subtyping of EC, offers recommendations for treatment approaches, and insights into ongoing radiation trials. By integrating clinical and pathologic features to inform treatment decisions, including concurrent chemoradiation, chemotherapy, targeted therapies, endocrine therapy, and immunotherapy, there is potential to enhance EC management and provide patients with more effective and tailored treatment options. Molecular classification offers the foundation for tailor-made treatment strategies, enabling the development of highly precise and personalized plans. This reduces the utilization of unnecessary treatments, offering the prospect of improved outcomes and ultimately elevating the quality of life for patients with EC.","PeriodicalId":16923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation and Cancer Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140420397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sudip Samadder, Debolina Pal, A. Roychowdhury, Arindam Dutta, Mukta Basu, Sankhadeep Dutta, A. Roy, R. Mandal, S. Roychoudhury, C. Panda
ABSTRACT In this study, importance of SFRP2, wnt stem cell renewal pathway antagonist, in the development of cervical cancer (CACX) was evaluated Alterations (expression/ methylation/ deletion) of SFRP2 were analysed in primary cervical lesions of different clinical stages followed by their correlation with different clinicopathological parameters. Then, susceptible allele(s) of SFRP2 was identified through case control study followed by and in vitro validation. The mRNA expression of SFRP2 was gradually reduced with progression of CACX. In immunohistochemistry, SFRP2 membrane expression was mainly present in the spinous layers of normal cervical epithelium and its reduced protein expression in CACX samples showed concordance with mRNA expression. Frequent deletion/ methylation of SFRP2 were seen to be associated with development of cervical cancer. Methylation of SFRP2 was prevalently associated with early invasive lesions (stage I/II) while, deletion with late invasive lesions (stage III/IV). Overall alterations (deletion/ methylation) of SFRP2 were significantly increased from premalignant CIN to stage-I/II samples followed by comparable change to the next stage (stage III/IV) samples. Moreover, deletion and/or methylation of SFRP2 were associated with poor prognosis of the patients. In a case control study, out of its seven microsatellite alleles infrequent SFRP_CA15/16 alleles along with frequent SFRP_CA17 allelewere found to be associated with CACX development. Comparatively reduced expression (mRNA/ protein) of SFRP2 was seen in the tumor adjacent normal cervical epithelium having SFRP_CA15/16 alleles than the other alleles. This has been further validated in in vitro luciferase promoter activity assay where SFRP_CA16 repeat showed high reduced activity followed by SFRP_CA15 repeat than the other repeats. Thus, our data showed that presence of the infrequent susceptible alleles along with deletion/methylation might have synergistic effect on frequent inactivation of SFRP2 during development of CACX.
{"title":"Frequent Inactivation of Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 2 during the Development of Cervical Carcinoma: Identification of Susceptible Alleles and Clinical Implications","authors":"Sudip Samadder, Debolina Pal, A. Roychowdhury, Arindam Dutta, Mukta Basu, Sankhadeep Dutta, A. Roy, R. Mandal, S. Roychoudhury, C. Panda","doi":"10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_40_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_40_23","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In this study, importance of SFRP2, wnt stem cell renewal pathway antagonist, in the development of cervical cancer (CACX) was evaluated\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Alterations (expression/ methylation/ deletion) of SFRP2 were analysed in primary cervical lesions of different clinical stages followed by their correlation with different clinicopathological parameters. Then, susceptible allele(s) of SFRP2 was identified through case control study followed by and in vitro validation.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The mRNA expression of SFRP2 was gradually reduced with progression of CACX. In immunohistochemistry, SFRP2 membrane expression was mainly present in the spinous layers of normal cervical epithelium and its reduced protein expression in CACX samples showed concordance with mRNA expression. Frequent deletion/ methylation of SFRP2 were seen to be associated with development of cervical cancer. Methylation of SFRP2 was prevalently associated with early invasive lesions (stage I/II) while, deletion with late invasive lesions (stage III/IV). Overall alterations (deletion/ methylation) of SFRP2 were significantly increased from premalignant CIN to stage-I/II samples followed by comparable change to the next stage (stage III/IV) samples. Moreover, deletion and/or methylation of SFRP2 were associated with poor prognosis of the patients. In a case control study, out of its seven microsatellite alleles infrequent SFRP_CA15/16 alleles along with frequent SFRP_CA17 allelewere found to be associated with CACX development. Comparatively reduced expression (mRNA/ protein) of SFRP2 was seen in the tumor adjacent normal cervical epithelium having SFRP_CA15/16 alleles than the other alleles. This has been further validated in in vitro luciferase promoter activity assay where SFRP_CA16 repeat showed high reduced activity followed by SFRP_CA15 repeat than the other repeats.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Thus, our data showed that presence of the infrequent susceptible alleles along with deletion/methylation might have synergistic effect on frequent inactivation of SFRP2 during development of CACX.\u0000","PeriodicalId":16923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation and Cancer Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140420121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Breast cancer is the most common cancer in Indian females, accounting for 31.8% of all cancers. Young women with breast cancer are those under 40 years of age. These patients have higher chances of positive family history and genetic susceptibility. Approximately 5%–10% of cases of breast cancer are associated with a family history. In this study, we planned to identify a relationship between family history and the clinical, pathological, and genetic characteristics of breast cancer in young women. Retrospectively, data from patients aged < 40 years with breast cancer, were collected from 2019 to 2022. Detailed information about the family history of the patients including the degree and number of relatives affected and the types of cancer was recorded. The tumors were characterized based on the pathological grade, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status, and BRCA variant genetic analysis. Of 125 females with young breast cancer, 24 patients (19%) had a first- or second-degree relative with a history of cancer at the time of breast cancer diagnosis. Four (16%) of these positive cases had BRCA mutation detected. Bilateral breast cancer was detected in 12% of women with positive family history. Clinicians are urged to use detailed family histories for young women with breast cancer for early screening and education of the first- and second-degree relatives of these patients to detect the hidden cases.
{"title":"Association of Positive Family History and Clinicopathological Features in Breast Cancer in Young Indian Females – A Pilot Study","authors":"Jaishree Goyal, Ajay Yadav, Hemant Malhotra","doi":"10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_58_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_58_23","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Breast cancer is the most common cancer in Indian females, accounting for 31.8% of all cancers. Young women with breast cancer are those under 40 years of age. These patients have higher chances of positive family history and genetic susceptibility. Approximately 5%–10% of cases of breast cancer are associated with a family history. In this study, we planned to identify a relationship between family history and the clinical, pathological, and genetic characteristics of breast cancer in young women.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Retrospectively, data from patients aged < 40 years with breast cancer, were collected from 2019 to 2022. Detailed information about the family history of the patients including the degree and number of relatives affected and the types of cancer was recorded. The tumors were characterized based on the pathological grade, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status, and BRCA variant genetic analysis.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Of 125 females with young breast cancer, 24 patients (19%) had a first- or second-degree relative with a history of cancer at the time of breast cancer diagnosis. Four (16%) of these positive cases had BRCA mutation detected. Bilateral breast cancer was detected in 12% of women with positive family history.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Clinicians are urged to use detailed family histories for young women with breast cancer for early screening and education of the first- and second-degree relatives of these patients to detect the hidden cases.\u0000","PeriodicalId":16923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation and Cancer Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140419643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Trichoblastic carcinoma is a rare malignant hair follicle tumor. It resembles basal cell carcinoma clinically. However, various studies have emphasized the importance of differentiating between these two cancers since they have a different clinical course, which may affect treatment options and subsequent follow-up plans. Despite its aggressive behavior, there is a lack of uniform consensus on the treatment. We report the case of a 65-year-old woman with trichoblastoma with focal transformation to low-grade trichoblastic carcinoma. This patient underwent surgical excision of the carcinoma, followed by adjuvant radiation therapy in view of residual disease. The patient was disease-free for 3 years. The intent of reporting this case is to help oncologists recognize similar cases and consequently plan the treatment in a way to improve the survival of these patients.
{"title":"Trichoblastic carcinoma: A cautionary tale","authors":"Aprajita Mall, P. Kingsley, P. Negi, P. Gupta","doi":"10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_42_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_42_22","url":null,"abstract":"Trichoblastic carcinoma is a rare malignant hair follicle tumor. It resembles basal cell carcinoma clinically. However, various studies have emphasized the importance of differentiating between these two cancers since they have a different clinical course, which may affect treatment options and subsequent follow-up plans. Despite its aggressive behavior, there is a lack of uniform consensus on the treatment. We report the case of a 65-year-old woman with trichoblastoma with focal transformation to low-grade trichoblastic carcinoma. This patient underwent surgical excision of the carcinoma, followed by adjuvant radiation therapy in view of residual disease. The patient was disease-free for 3 years. The intent of reporting this case is to help oncologists recognize similar cases and consequently plan the treatment in a way to improve the survival of these patients.","PeriodicalId":16923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation and Cancer Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85804175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sorafenib is a multikinase inhibitor approved for renal cell carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although an effective antitumor agent, it is associated with significant adverse effects as well. Hand-foot skin reaction (HFSR) is a cutaneous adverse effect which involves erythematous, bullous, hyperkeratotic, and ulcerative lesions over hands and feet. We report a case of Grade 2 HFSR with bullous- and callus-like hyperkeratotic lesions due to sorafenib which responded well to symptomatic treatment only without any dose reduction or discontinuation of chemotherapy.
{"title":"Sorafenib-induced hand-foot skin reaction","authors":"M. Trivedi, R. Mehta, B. Ghiya, P. Soni","doi":"10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_46_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_46_22","url":null,"abstract":"Sorafenib is a multikinase inhibitor approved for renal cell carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although an effective antitumor agent, it is associated with significant adverse effects as well. Hand-foot skin reaction (HFSR) is a cutaneous adverse effect which involves erythematous, bullous, hyperkeratotic, and ulcerative lesions over hands and feet. We report a case of Grade 2 HFSR with bullous- and callus-like hyperkeratotic lesions due to sorafenib which responded well to symptomatic treatment only without any dose reduction or discontinuation of chemotherapy.","PeriodicalId":16923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation and Cancer Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89442329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Dar, T. Tali, Basharat Gani, M. Sofi, ShahidRashid Sofi, Nazir Khan, A. Najmi, Afroz Fir, Syed Ahmad
Medicine is an ever-changing science. Thus, new knowledge is generated by research and clinical experience. Statistical methods used in medical research play a vital role in medical research to draw a meaningful conclusion about research. Analyzing data and interpreting results is the most exciting stage of research, but it is not possible for everyone. It is possible for those who is having deep knowledge and to know the applicability of statistical methods used in medical research. Commonly used statistical methods in medical research are descriptive and inferential statistical methods. In descriptive statistical methods, we describe our data by the organization of our data in the form of tabulation and diagrams, measures of central tendency, dispersion, condensation, and measures of correlation. In inferential statistics, we draw a meaningful conclusion whether our treatment or procedure used in medical research gives a fruitful outcome or not. It is possible only when we have a good knowledge and skill of statistical methods used in basic research and it allows our clinical researchers to draw accurate and reasonable conclusions. Statistics provides us with sound methods in collecting data about observing health-related events, which in turn helps us in summarizing and analyzing the results so as to draw valid inferences regarding the hypothesis of our research. During the research, scientists used different statistical methods such as independent t-test or Student's t-test and Chi-square test to compare the different treatments used in the experimental studies to check whether there was a significant difference in our treatment or not. The main role of a cancer registry is to capturing a clear and complete picture of the cancer burden. To show how confident the researchers are that the results did not happen by chance, they use confidence intervals. For example, 95% confidence means that the researchers are pretty sure that the result has not happened by chance. The motive and aim of my review article are only to aware the researchers to know the importance and applicability of these statistical methods used in medical research and cancer registries.
{"title":"Statistical methods used in medical research and cancer registries: A review","authors":"N. Dar, T. Tali, Basharat Gani, M. Sofi, ShahidRashid Sofi, Nazir Khan, A. Najmi, Afroz Fir, Syed Ahmad","doi":"10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_36_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_36_22","url":null,"abstract":"Medicine is an ever-changing science. Thus, new knowledge is generated by research and clinical experience. Statistical methods used in medical research play a vital role in medical research to draw a meaningful conclusion about research. Analyzing data and interpreting results is the most exciting stage of research, but it is not possible for everyone. It is possible for those who is having deep knowledge and to know the applicability of statistical methods used in medical research. Commonly used statistical methods in medical research are descriptive and inferential statistical methods. In descriptive statistical methods, we describe our data by the organization of our data in the form of tabulation and diagrams, measures of central tendency, dispersion, condensation, and measures of correlation. In inferential statistics, we draw a meaningful conclusion whether our treatment or procedure used in medical research gives a fruitful outcome or not. It is possible only when we have a good knowledge and skill of statistical methods used in basic research and it allows our clinical researchers to draw accurate and reasonable conclusions. Statistics provides us with sound methods in collecting data about observing health-related events, which in turn helps us in summarizing and analyzing the results so as to draw valid inferences regarding the hypothesis of our research. During the research, scientists used different statistical methods such as independent t-test or Student's t-test and Chi-square test to compare the different treatments used in the experimental studies to check whether there was a significant difference in our treatment or not. The main role of a cancer registry is to capturing a clear and complete picture of the cancer burden. To show how confident the researchers are that the results did not happen by chance, they use confidence intervals. For example, 95% confidence means that the researchers are pretty sure that the result has not happened by chance. The motive and aim of my review article are only to aware the researchers to know the importance and applicability of these statistical methods used in medical research and cancer registries.","PeriodicalId":16923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation and Cancer Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78998287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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