{"title":"Andean Condors with Orthopedic Injuries of the Lower Limbs Affecting Ground Ambulation but not Flight","authors":"Diego Méndez, Víctor Escobar-Gimpel","doi":"10.3356/jrr2381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3356/jrr2381","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16927,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Raptor Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141016062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Logan Q. Derderian, Karen Metz, Ariana DiCocco, Jeff Thompson
{"title":"Cooperative Breeding by Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) in Colorado","authors":"Logan Q. Derderian, Karen Metz, Ariana DiCocco, Jeff Thompson","doi":"10.3356/jrr2369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3356/jrr2369","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16927,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Raptor Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141015045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Siverio, Domingo Trujillo, César González, Beneharo Rodríguez
{"title":"Alloparental Care of Eurasian Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) Broods by Barbary Falcon (F. peregrinus pelegrinoides)","authors":"F. Siverio, Domingo Trujillo, César González, Beneharo Rodríguez","doi":"10.3356/jrr2384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3356/jrr2384","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16927,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Raptor Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141016698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"First Description of a Double Clutch, and Interisland Movements of a Pueo (Hawaiian Short-eared Owl; Asio flammeus sandwichensis) in Hawaii, USA","authors":"Marie-Sophie Garcia-Heras, Melissa R. Price","doi":"10.3356/jrr-23-66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3356/jrr-23-66","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16927,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Raptor Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141016111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diego Gallego-García, Mikel Larrea, C. Solaro, J. Sarasola
The allocation of parental care behaviors between the sexes may be influenced by the species’ mating system, degree of sexual size dimorphism, and predictability of food resources. Biparental care (i.e., both parents contributing to raising young) has been documented in raptors, including those with minimal sexual size dimorphism and/or whose food resources are unpredictable in time (e.g., scavengers). The Chimango Caracara (Milvago chimango) is a common raptor with slight sexual size dimorphism and a scavenging lifestyle. During two breeding seasons, we performed focal observations at nests in a Chimango Caracara colony in central Argentina to assess the division of labor between the sexes. For males and females separately, we measured the time spent incubating and brooding, and the food delivery rate to nestlings; then we used GLMMs to assess various factors that may influence these behaviors, including parental sex, time of day, clutch or brood size, and nestlings’ age. We used GLMMs to test the influence of time spent brooding and food delivery rate (both parents combined for these variables) on nest success and productivity. Although both sexes contributed to all parental care activities, females spent more time incubating and brooding than males. Brooding time decreased as nestlings aged. Food delivery rate did not differ between the sexes. Food delivery rate was higher during the middle of nestlings’ development but declined thereafter. Nest success and productivity were higher at nests with higher food delivery rates. Adults spent more time incubating and brooding during morning and midday, and food delivery rate was higher during the afternoon.
{"title":"Biparental Care in a Generalist Raptor, the Chimango Caracara in Central Argentina","authors":"Diego Gallego-García, Mikel Larrea, C. Solaro, J. Sarasola","doi":"10.3356/jrr-23-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3356/jrr-23-16","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The allocation of parental care behaviors between the sexes may be influenced by the species’ mating system, degree of sexual size dimorphism, and predictability of food resources. Biparental care (i.e., both parents contributing to raising young) has been documented in raptors, including those with minimal sexual size dimorphism and/or whose food resources are unpredictable in time (e.g., scavengers). The Chimango Caracara (Milvago chimango) is a common raptor with slight sexual size dimorphism and a scavenging lifestyle. During two breeding seasons, we performed focal observations at nests in a Chimango Caracara colony in central Argentina to assess the division of labor between the sexes. For males and females separately, we measured the time spent incubating and brooding, and the food delivery rate to nestlings; then we used GLMMs to assess various factors that may influence these behaviors, including parental sex, time of day, clutch or brood size, and nestlings’ age. We used GLMMs to test the influence of time spent brooding and food delivery rate (both parents combined for these variables) on nest success and productivity. Although both sexes contributed to all parental care activities, females spent more time incubating and brooding than males. Brooding time decreased as nestlings aged. Food delivery rate did not differ between the sexes. Food delivery rate was higher during the middle of nestlings’ development but declined thereafter. Nest success and productivity were higher at nests with higher food delivery rates. Adults spent more time incubating and brooding during morning and midday, and food delivery rate was higher during the afternoon.","PeriodicalId":16927,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Raptor Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140669958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juan Manuel Grande, M. Galmes, M. Santillán, C. Solaro, M. Liébana, Isabel María Luque-Romero, A. P. Mansilla, Marcos M. Reyes, Margarita Cervio
{"title":"Water Reservoirs and Power Lines as Mortality Sources for Crested Caracaras","authors":"Juan Manuel Grande, M. Galmes, M. Santillán, C. Solaro, M. Liébana, Isabel María Luque-Romero, A. P. Mansilla, Marcos M. Reyes, Margarita Cervio","doi":"10.3356/jrr-23-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3356/jrr-23-29","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16927,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Raptor Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140671061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vicente Pantoja-Maggi, Fernando Medrano, Pablo Martínez
The Mountain Caracara (Phalcoboenus megalopterus) and White-throated Caracara (Phalcoboenus albogularis) are two sister species each with a limited distribution along the Andes from Ecuador to Tierra del Fuego. They occur in remote areas and are among the least known caracaras, and their diet has been little studied, particularly for the White-throated Caracara. We investigated the diet of these two caracaras by analyzing photographs provided by citizen scientists and obtained from the Macaulay Library (eBird) and iNaturalist platforms. We obtained 43 photographs for Mountain Caracara and 42 photographs for White-throated Caracara that could be used to identify food items. Photographs of the Mountain Caracara showed the species mainly feeding on carrion, often of domestic animals, followed by human foods and garbage. Photographs of the White-throated Caracara showed this species mainly feeding on carrion and garbage. However, we did find photographs of both caracaras feeding on wild species including camelids, rodents, birds, lizards, and some invertebrates. Further research should investigate possible effects of human-derived items in the diet of these caracaras, such as malnutrition due to consumption of inappropriate foods, and effects of ingestion of plastics and toxic substances.
{"title":"Using Citizen Science Data to Investigate the Diet of the Mountain Caracara (Phalcoboenus megalopterus) and White-throated Caracara (Phalcoboenus albogularis)","authors":"Vicente Pantoja-Maggi, Fernando Medrano, Pablo Martínez","doi":"10.3356/jrr-23-32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3356/jrr-23-32","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The Mountain Caracara (Phalcoboenus megalopterus) and White-throated Caracara (Phalcoboenus albogularis) are two sister species each with a limited distribution along the Andes from Ecuador to Tierra del Fuego. They occur in remote areas and are among the least known caracaras, and their diet has been little studied, particularly for the White-throated Caracara. We investigated the diet of these two caracaras by analyzing photographs provided by citizen scientists and obtained from the Macaulay Library (eBird) and iNaturalist platforms. We obtained 43 photographs for Mountain Caracara and 42 photographs for White-throated Caracara that could be used to identify food items. Photographs of the Mountain Caracara showed the species mainly feeding on carrion, often of domestic animals, followed by human foods and garbage. Photographs of the White-throated Caracara showed this species mainly feeding on carrion and garbage. However, we did find photographs of both caracaras feeding on wild species including camelids, rodents, birds, lizards, and some invertebrates. Further research should investigate possible effects of human-derived items in the diet of these caracaras, such as malnutrition due to consumption of inappropriate foods, and effects of ingestion of plastics and toxic substances.","PeriodicalId":16927,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Raptor Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140671917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juan Manuel Grande, Tomás Rivas-Fuenzalida, José Díaz-Tavie, Cristian Asún, Santiago Castrilli, Enrique Ziehlmann Mena, Daniel Romo-Cancino, Morgan Pendaries, Laura Fasola, Gabriela Gabarain, S. Imberti, Mauro Ricci, María Florencia Padron, Nicolás Bejarano, Lorenzo Sympson, Federico Beaudoin, Mariano Diez Peña, M. Sahores, Juan Paritsis, Fabricio C. Gorleri, I. Roesler
Endemic to Patagonia, the White-throated Caracara (Phalcoboenus albogularis) is one of the least studied caracara species, with several aspects of its ecology, such as breeding biology and diet, largely unexplored. Using citizen science records and opportunistic observations, we obtained data on the breeding biology, nest sites, and diet of the species in Chile and Argentina. Nests were in rocky outcrops and cliffs, and aspects of diet corroborated others’ observations that this species feeds on live prey as well as carrion. The species’ nesting season apparently begins in September and ends in March, with some regional variation. The modal brood size is two, and many nests apparently are used across multiple years. Using citizen science data, we created the first distribution models for the White-throated Caracara, one for the breeding season and one for the winter season. The species predominantly occupies the highland plateaus of western Santa Cruz Province, Argentina, and the Andes Range from around 40° south to southern Tierra del Fuego. The models indicate a mostly consistent distribution without significant latitudinal changes between seasons and, apparently, only a limited transition to lower-elevation areas east of the Andes in winter. In both seasons, this caracara is associated primarily with barren rocky areas and Andean and sub-Andean herbaceous steppe—all open environments—rather than forested areas as has been thought previously. This study provides new knowledge of this regional endemic yet the species remains a poorly known raptor in southern South America. Additional and on-the-ground field research would likely produce benefits when addressing species-related conservation issues.
{"title":"Distribution, Nesting Records, and Notes on the Ecology of the White-throated Caracara (Phalcoboenus albogularis)","authors":"Juan Manuel Grande, Tomás Rivas-Fuenzalida, José Díaz-Tavie, Cristian Asún, Santiago Castrilli, Enrique Ziehlmann Mena, Daniel Romo-Cancino, Morgan Pendaries, Laura Fasola, Gabriela Gabarain, S. Imberti, Mauro Ricci, María Florencia Padron, Nicolás Bejarano, Lorenzo Sympson, Federico Beaudoin, Mariano Diez Peña, M. Sahores, Juan Paritsis, Fabricio C. Gorleri, I. Roesler","doi":"10.3356/jrr-23-53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3356/jrr-23-53","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Endemic to Patagonia, the White-throated Caracara (Phalcoboenus albogularis) is one of the least studied caracara species, with several aspects of its ecology, such as breeding biology and diet, largely unexplored. Using citizen science records and opportunistic observations, we obtained data on the breeding biology, nest sites, and diet of the species in Chile and Argentina. Nests were in rocky outcrops and cliffs, and aspects of diet corroborated others’ observations that this species feeds on live prey as well as carrion. The species’ nesting season apparently begins in September and ends in March, with some regional variation. The modal brood size is two, and many nests apparently are used across multiple years. Using citizen science data, we created the first distribution models for the White-throated Caracara, one for the breeding season and one for the winter season. The species predominantly occupies the highland plateaus of western Santa Cruz Province, Argentina, and the Andes Range from around 40° south to southern Tierra del Fuego. The models indicate a mostly consistent distribution without significant latitudinal changes between seasons and, apparently, only a limited transition to lower-elevation areas east of the Andes in winter. In both seasons, this caracara is associated primarily with barren rocky areas and Andean and sub-Andean herbaceous steppe—all open environments—rather than forested areas as has been thought previously. This study provides new knowledge of this regional endemic yet the species remains a poorly known raptor in southern South America. Additional and on-the-ground field research would likely produce benefits when addressing species-related conservation issues.","PeriodicalId":16927,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Raptor Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140670846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Paterlini, Maria S. Bó, M. Saggese, Eugenia A. Bonetti, Ramón P. Noseda, Cecilia Bigalli, L. M. Biondi
Urbanization can adversely impact animal populations through factors such as loss of natural habitat, introduction of nonnative competitors and predators, pollution, and increased exposure to pathogens. Because they are top predators, raptors are considered good indicators of ecosystem health. However, there is limited information about how environmental factors associated with urbanization can alter raptors’ susceptibility to pathogens. We evaluated exposure to selected pathogens of the Chimango Caracara (Milvago chimango), a generalist and opportunistic species endemic to South America. This species is distributed over a wide range of environments, including urban areas, and often takes advantage of human-generated resources such as domestic waste, urban garbage, and carrion, potentially increasing its exposure to pathogens. We captured adult Chimango Caracaras in three areas that varied in level of urbanization, in the southeastern region of the Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Captured individuals were tested for exposure to Bacillus anthracis, Salmonella spp., and Trichomonas spp. All individuals tested were negative for these pathogens. Whether this represents a true lack of exposure to these microorganisms, the ability of this raptor to effectively inhibit the colonization of the gastrointestinal tract by these microorganisms, or an inability of the pathogen to colonize the Chimango Caracara’s gastrointestinal tract remains to be determined. This is the first study to assess the prevalence of selected pathogens in Chimango Caracaras inhabiting areas with different levels of urbanization.
{"title":"Prevalence of Pathogens in Free-living Adult Chimango Caracaras (Milvago chimango) in Three Areas with Different Levels of Urbanization in the Pampas Ecoregion, Argentina","authors":"C. Paterlini, Maria S. Bó, M. Saggese, Eugenia A. Bonetti, Ramón P. Noseda, Cecilia Bigalli, L. M. Biondi","doi":"10.3356/jrr-23-61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3356/jrr-23-61","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Urbanization can adversely impact animal populations through factors such as loss of natural habitat, introduction of nonnative competitors and predators, pollution, and increased exposure to pathogens. Because they are top predators, raptors are considered good indicators of ecosystem health. However, there is limited information about how environmental factors associated with urbanization can alter raptors’ susceptibility to pathogens. We evaluated exposure to selected pathogens of the Chimango Caracara (Milvago chimango), a generalist and opportunistic species endemic to South America. This species is distributed over a wide range of environments, including urban areas, and often takes advantage of human-generated resources such as domestic waste, urban garbage, and carrion, potentially increasing its exposure to pathogens. We captured adult Chimango Caracaras in three areas that varied in level of urbanization, in the southeastern region of the Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Captured individuals were tested for exposure to Bacillus anthracis, Salmonella spp., and Trichomonas spp. All individuals tested were negative for these pathogens. Whether this represents a true lack of exposure to these microorganisms, the ability of this raptor to effectively inhibit the colonization of the gastrointestinal tract by these microorganisms, or an inability of the pathogen to colonize the Chimango Caracara’s gastrointestinal tract remains to be determined. This is the first study to assess the prevalence of selected pathogens in Chimango Caracaras inhabiting areas with different levels of urbanization.","PeriodicalId":16927,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Raptor Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140668523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Liébana, M. Santillán, C. Solaro, Jorge Raúl Gracia
{"title":"Chimango Caracaras (Milvago chimango) Nesting on Natural and Human-made Substrates in Urban Centers in Argentina","authors":"M. Liébana, M. Santillán, C. Solaro, Jorge Raúl Gracia","doi":"10.3356/jrr-23-43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3356/jrr-23-43","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16927,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Raptor Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140670370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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