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Model Based Validation of Intelligent Powertrain Strategies for Connected and Automated Vehicles 基于模型的网联自动驾驶汽车智能动力系统策略验证
Pub Date : 2023-04-17 DOI: 10.1109/SysCon53073.2023.10131092
Piyush S Bhagdikar, J. Sarlashkar, Stanislav Gankov, S. Rengarajan, Walter Downing, Scott Hotz
Systems incorporating Vehicle to Everything (V2X) and conventional cellular based communication in vehicles can significantly help improve energy consumption via a combination of intelligent powertrain control strategies, smarter routing algorithms and driving in such a way as to minimize fuel economy and the emission of carbon dioxide, known as "eco-driving." In projects led by the Southwest Research Institute (SwRI), large-scale traffic simulations are created to model real-world scenarios with dynamic behavior that is reactive to imposed changes. Coupled with high fidelity powertrain models, the closed loop framework enables research and development of such Connected and Automated Vehicle (CAV) enabled technologies at scale. This paper will discuss a traffic system simulation environment that was built based on the High Street urban corridor in Columbus, Ohio. Eco-driving strategies were tested at scale on a variety of powertrain platforms – internal combustion engines, hybrid electric and fully electric vehicles. The paper will focus on hybrid electric powertrain modeling along with details on how the powertrain model was leveraged to develop a sophisticated clustering scheme to help down-select speed traces from large scale simulation studies for validation on vehicle dynamometer. Nominal energy consumption improvement around 12% was observed with good match between simulation studies and vehicle testing.
将V2X (Vehicle to Everything)技术和传统的基于蜂窝的车辆通信技术结合在一起的系统,可以通过结合智能动力总成控制策略、更智能的路线算法,以及最大限度地降低燃油经济性和二氧化碳排放的驾驶方式,显著提高能耗,被称为“生态驾驶”。在西南研究所(SwRI)领导的项目中,创建了大规模的交通模拟,以模拟现实世界中的动态行为,这些行为是对强加变化的反应。与高保真动力系统模型相结合,闭环框架使此类联网和自动驾驶汽车(CAV)技术的大规模研究和开发成为可能。本文将讨论基于俄亥俄州哥伦布市高街城市走廊的交通系统仿真环境。环保驾驶策略在各种动力系统平台上进行了大规模测试,包括内燃机、混合动力汽车和全电动汽车。本文将重点介绍混合动力系统建模,以及如何利用动力系统模型开发复杂的聚类方案,以帮助从大规模仿真研究中选择速度轨迹,以便在车辆测力计上进行验证。在模拟研究和车辆测试之间,观察到标称能耗改善约12%。
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引用次数: 0
Game-Theoretic System Design for Non-Cooperative Scenarios 非合作情境下的博弈论系统设计
Pub Date : 2023-04-17 DOI: 10.1109/SysCon53073.2023.10131088
J. Colombi, Benjamin C. Donohoo
Modern defense systems are often designed to static sets of operational requirements and system specifications. This process has generally worked well in the past but fails to account for the strategic interdependence of design choices made before developing and deploying systems. Capturing this interdependence of design choices may prove beneficial and cost-effective. This paper demonstrates how Game Theory and physics-based simulation can drive design decisions for non-cooperative systems. Game Theory is the mathematical study of strategy and payoffs between rational, self-interested actors. Simulation and Value Focused Thinking (VFT) provide a Normal Form representation that can be analyzed for the Nash Equilibria. A scenario using space domain awareness demonstrates the method, and results show how changing priorities of the value model change the corresponding stable design point.
现代防御系统通常是按照静态的操作需求和系统规格设计的。这个过程在过去通常工作得很好,但是没有考虑到在开发和部署系统之前所做的设计选择的战略相互依赖性。把握设计选择的这种相互依赖关系可能被证明是有益的和具有成本效益的。本文演示了博弈论和基于物理的模拟如何驱动非合作系统的设计决策。博弈论是对理性的、自利的参与者之间的策略和收益的数学研究。模拟和价值聚焦思维(VFT)为纳什均衡提供了一种可分析的范式表示。一个使用空间域感知的场景演示了该方法,结果显示了价值模型优先级的变化如何改变相应的稳定设计点。
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引用次数: 0
Statistical Characterization of Battery Energy Storage Systems in Mixed and Stacked Service Electrical Grid Operations 混合和堆叠服务电网运行中电池储能系统的统计特性
Pub Date : 2023-04-17 DOI: 10.1109/SysCon53073.2023.10131057
J. Sarlashkar, B. Surampudi, Venkata R. Chundru, W. Downing
Battery energy storage system (BESS) is a key enabler of the modern renewable- and inverter-heavy electric grid. It facilitates integration of variable power generation such as wind and solar, and can provide a host of ancillary grid services and help defer infrastructure upgrades. Longevity and safety of BESS, however, remain unclear when subjected to such duties diverse in timescale, power, and state-of-charge (SOC). Much of the existing deployment of BESS provide a single grid service such as frequency regulation or load shifting. Further, the contemporary operating envelope of the BESS is deliberately conservative. In the work reported here, we extract essential characteristics of existing field operation and systematically develop methods to estimate the effect of extended range of services on BESS performance and safety. This extended range includes a multitude of ancillary services dispatched simultaneously (stacked duty) and sequentially (mixed duty) using wider envelope of timescale, power, and state-of-charge of BESS. The designed laboratory experiments can be used to construct regression models of BESS performance and safety, and to calibrate parameters of physics-inspired electrochemical representations such as the extended SPMeT model presented in a companion paper [1].
电池储能系统(BESS)是现代重可再生能源和逆变器电网的关键使能器。它促进了风能和太阳能等可变发电的整合,可以提供大量辅助电网服务,并有助于推迟基础设施升级。然而,在不同的时间尺度、功率和荷电状态(SOC)下,BESS的寿命和安全性仍不清楚。现有的BESS部署大多提供单一的电网服务,如频率调节或负载转移。此外,BESS的当代操作包络是故意保守的。在这里报告的工作中,我们提取了现有现场操作的基本特征,并系统地开发了方法来估计扩展服务范围对BESS性能和安全的影响。这种扩展的范围包括同时(堆叠)和顺序(混合)调度的众多辅助服务,使用BESS更广泛的时间尺度、功率和状态。设计的实验室实验可用于构建BESS性能和安全性的回归模型,并校准物理启发的电化学表示的参数,例如在合著论文[1]中提出的扩展SPMeT模型。
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引用次数: 0
Thirteen concepts to play it safe with the cloud 13个安全使用云的概念
Pub Date : 2023-04-17 DOI: 10.1109/SysCon53073.2023.10131180
T. Hendriks, B. Akesson, J. Voeten, M. Hendriks, Javier Coronel Parada, Miguel García-Gordillo, S. Sáez, J. Valls
Market trends show advanced usage of safety-critical systems with novel services based on smart data analytics. Customers require continuous updates to applications and services and seek lower costs, and easy-to-install solutions (maintenance) for safety-critical cyber-physical systems (CPS). Leveraging edge and cloud technologies has the potential to enhance safety-critical CPS, also in regulated environments. This is only possible when safety, performance, cybersecurity, and privacy of data are kept at the same level as in on-device only safety-critical CPS.This paper presents thirteen selected safety and performance concepts for distributed device-edge-cloud CPS solutions. This early result of the TRANSACT project aims to ensure needed end-to-end performance and safety levels from an end-user perspective, to extend edge and cloud benefits of more rapid innovation and inclusion of value-added services, also to safety-critical CPS.
市场趋势显示,基于智能数据分析的新型服务的安全关键系统的先进应用。客户需要对应用程序和服务进行持续更新,并为安全关键型网络物理系统(CPS)寻求更低成本、易于安装(维护)的解决方案。利用边缘和云技术有可能在受监管的环境中增强对安全至关重要的CPS。只有当数据的安全性、性能、网络安全和隐私保持在与设备上的安全关键CPS相同的水平时,这才有可能实现。本文介绍了分布式设备边缘云CPS解决方案的13个选定的安全和性能概念。TRANSACT项目的早期成果旨在从最终用户的角度确保所需的端到端性能和安全水平,以扩展更快速创新和包含增值服务的边缘和云优势,以及安全关键的CPS。
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引用次数: 0
Modeling UAS Flight Procedures for SORA Safety Objectives 基于SORA安全目标的无人机飞行程序建模
Pub Date : 2023-04-17 DOI: 10.1109/SysCon53073.2023.10130845
Charles Mathou, Kevin Delmas, J. Chaudemar, Pierre de Saqui-Sannes
Development of unmanned aerial systems (UAS), made of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and equipment such as a ground station, has increased tremendously in recent years. This has made more pressing the need for new design methodologies that provide a reliable and thorough safety assessment throughout the entire design process. The European specific operations risk assessment (SORA) document provides recommended operational safety objectives (OSO) to achieve. The current paper lays groundwork to comply with OSOs pertaining to UAS flight procedures. Key criteria for modeling such procedures are identified and lead to the choice of the AltaRica DataFlow (ADF) language. The Cecilia Workshop is used to model three real-life UAS emergency flight procedures. Custom components developed for this model are presented while discussing the process of modeling a formal procedure from an informal text source. A safety analysis is performed on the resulting model by computing minimal cut sets on an undesired procedure outcome. The results are then reviewed, providing feedback to increase the procedures’ safety gain.
近年来,由无人驾驶飞行器(UAV)和地面站等设备组成的无人机系统(UAS)发展迅速。这使得对在整个设计过程中提供可靠和彻底的安全评估的新设计方法的需求更加迫切。欧洲特定操作风险评估(SORA)文件提供了建议的操作安全目标(OSO)来实现。当前的文件奠定了基础,以符合oso有关的无人机飞行程序。确定了这些过程建模的关键标准,并导致选择AltaRica DataFlow (ADF)语言。塞西莉亚工作坊用于模拟三个真实的无人机紧急飞行程序。在讨论从非正式文本源对正式过程建模的过程时,介绍了为此模型开发的自定义组件。通过计算不期望的过程结果的最小割集,对结果模型进行安全性分析。然后对结果进行审查,提供反馈以增加手术的安全性。
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引用次数: 0
Spiking Neural Network Implementation on FPGA for Multiclass Classification 基于FPGA的脉冲神经网络多类分类实现
Pub Date : 2023-04-17 DOI: 10.1109/SysCon53073.2023.10131076
Jin Zhang, Lei Zhang
Spiking Neural Network (SNN) is a particular Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) form. An SNN has similar features as an ANN, but an SNN has a different information system that will allow SNN to have higher energy efficiency than an ANN. This paper presents the design and implementation of an SNN on FPGA. The model of the SNN is designed to be lower power consumption than existing SNN models in the aspect of FPGA implementation and lower accuracy loss than the existing training method in the part of the algorithm. The coding scheme of the SNN model proposed in this paper is the rate coding scheme. This paper introduces a conversion method to directly map the trained parameters from ANN to SNN with negligible classification accuracy loss. Also, this paper demonstrates the technique of FPGA implementation for Spiking Exponential Function, Spiking SoftMax Function and Dynamic Adder Tree. This paper also presents the Time Division Component Reuse technic for lower resource utilization in the FPGA implementation of SNN. The proposed model has a power efficiency of 8841.7 frames per watt with negligible accuracy loss. The benchmark SNN model has a power efficiency of 337.6 frames per watt with an accuracy loss of 1.42 percent. The reference accuracy of the ANN model is 90.36 percent. For comparison, the specific model of the SNN has an accuracy of 90.39 percent.
脉冲神经网络(SNN)是一种特殊的人工神经网络形式。SNN具有与人工神经网络相似的特征,但SNN具有不同的信息系统,这将使SNN具有比人工神经网络更高的能源效率。本文介绍了一种基于FPGA的SNN的设计与实现。该SNN模型在FPGA实现方面比现有SNN模型功耗更低,在算法部分比现有训练方法精度损失更低。本文提出的SNN模型的编码方案是速率编码方案。本文介绍了一种将训练好的参数从人工神经网络直接映射到SNN的转换方法,其分类精度损失可以忽略不计。此外,本文还演示了脉冲指数函数、脉冲SoftMax函数和动态加法器树的FPGA实现技术。为了降低SNN的FPGA实现中的资源利用率,本文还提出了时分组件复用技术。该模型的功率效率为每瓦8841.7帧,精度损失可以忽略不计。基准SNN模型的功率效率为每瓦337.6帧,精度损失为1.42%。人工神经网络模型的参考精度为90.36%。相比之下,SNN特定模型的准确率为90.39%。
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引用次数: 0
Modeling A UAV Surveillance Scenario- An Applied MBSE Approach 无人机监视场景建模-一种应用MBSE方法
Pub Date : 2023-04-17 DOI: 10.1109/SysCon53073.2023.10131074
Viviana Lopez, Aditya Akundi
As the complexity of both products and systems increases across a wide range of industry sectors, there has been an influx in demand for methods of system organization and optimization. MBSE enhances the ability to obtain, analyze, communicate, and manage data on a comprehensive architecture of a system. In this study, a military combat surveillance scenario is modeled using SysML generating state machine diagrams and activity diagrams using the Magic Model Analyst execution framework plugin. This study seeks to prove the feasibility of an MBSE-enabled framework using SysML to create and simulate a surveillance system that monitors and reports on the health status and performance of an armored fighting vehicle (combat tank) through an Unmanned Ariel Vehicle (UAV). The Magic System of Systems Architect, which actively promotes system development architectural frameworks, was used to construct SysML-compliant models, allowing the creation of intricate model diagrams. The construction of the UAV surveillance scenario emphasized the capability of modifying a diagram feature and ensuring that the alteration is communicated to all linked model diagrams. This study builds on a previously published MBSE-enabled conceptual framework for creating digital twins. The purpose of this research is to test and validate the framework's procedures.
随着产品和系统的复杂性在广泛的工业部门中不断增加,对系统组织和优化方法的需求不断增加。MBSE增强了在系统的综合体系结构上获取、分析、通信和管理数据的能力。在本研究中,使用SysML对军事战斗监视场景进行建模,使用Magic Model Analyst执行框架插件生成状态机图和活动图。该研究旨在证明使用SysML创建和模拟监视系统的mbse支持框架的可行性,该监视系统通过无人驾驶Ariel车辆(UAV)监视和报告装甲战车(战斗坦克)的健康状态和性能。系统架构师的神奇系统,它积极地促进了系统开发架构框架,被用来构造符合sysml的模型,允许创建复杂的模型图。无人机监视场景的构建强调修改图特征的能力,并确保将更改传达给所有链接的模型图。这项研究建立在先前发表的用于创建数字双胞胎的mbse支持的概念框架之上。本研究的目的是测试和验证框架的程序。
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引用次数: 0
A DoD Testing Profile: MBSE for Test and Evaluation Strategy 国防部测试概要:测试和评估策略的MBSE
Pub Date : 2023-04-17 DOI: 10.1109/SysCon53073.2023.10131109
J. Colombi, Travis W. Odom, Warren J Connell
The research shows how to improve the Test and Evaluation Strategy (TES) during developmental test and evaluation (DT&E), supported by Model-based Systems Engineering and the System Modeling Language. Specifically, a domain-specific Department of Defense (DoD) testing profile was developed called UTP-D. The profile combines aspects of the UML Testing Profile (UTP) and the Test Description Language (TDL) standard. It captures required test information and relationships and adheres to the language used throughout DoD directives and instructions. As a demonstration, the profile was used to model and simulate developmental tests for a prototype hybrid SUV, specifically acceleration and safety tests. Using domain-specific modeling for DT&E could improve test planning and show how to continue the DoD digital transformation of acquisition processes.
研究了在基于模型的系统工程和系统建模语言的支持下,如何在开发测试与评估过程中改进测试与评估策略(TES)。特别地,开发了一个特定于领域的国防部(DoD)测试概要文件,称为UTP-D。该概要文件结合了UML测试概要文件(UTP)和测试描述语言(TDL)标准的各个方面。它捕获所需的测试信息和关系,并遵循贯穿于DoD指令和指令的语言。作为演示,该剖面用于建模和模拟混合动力SUV原型的开发测试,特别是加速和安全测试。为DT&E使用特定领域的建模可以改进测试计划,并展示如何继续进行采掘过程的国防部数字化转型。
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引用次数: 0
Challenges and Opportunities in the Digital Engineering Simulation Curriculum Development 数字工程仿真课程开发的挑战与机遇
Pub Date : 2023-04-17 DOI: 10.1109/SysCon53073.2023.10131107
H. Y. Tao, Nicole Hutchison, Megan M. Clifford, G. Kerr, P. Beling, Tim Sherburne, Paul Wach, David Long, Craig Arndt, D. Verma, Thomas A. McDermott
This paper presents the ongoing Year 2 of digital engineering (DE) simulation curriculum development by a research team from the Systems Engineering Research Center (SERC). This task, sponsored by the Defense Acquisition University (DAU), builds on the extensive DE research portfolio in SERC and leverages the existing literature in the systems engineering and DE communities. The goal of the research is to create a robust learning platform with relevant hands-on modeling and simulation experience that can be used to improve students’ DE proficiency levels across the workforce. Part of this research effort includes DAU’s partnership with SERC to develop a Simulation Training Environment for Digital Engineering (STEDE), which is intended to provide infrastructure and example case studies that allow DAU students to interact directly with models. The paper describes the curriculum development and modeling efforts to-date and addresses challenges associated with the development of the learning materials. An Advisory Board was established to provide guidance and expert knowledge in DE as the team is developing the DE curriculum. Working with the Advisory Board, the team discovered some critical skill gaps in DE which provide an opportunity for the team to further enhance the training and curriculum development to modernize the defense acquisition workforce.
本文介绍了由系统工程研究中心(SERC)的一个研究小组正在进行的数字工程(DE)模拟课程开发的第二年。该任务由国防采办大学(DAU)赞助,建立在SERC广泛的DE研究组合上,并利用系统工程和DE社区中的现有文献。该研究的目标是创建一个强大的学习平台,提供相关的动手建模和仿真经验,可用于提高学生在整个劳动力队伍中的DE熟练程度。这项研究工作的一部分包括DAU与SERC合作开发数字工程模拟训练环境(STEDE),该环境旨在提供基础设施和示例案例研究,使DAU的学生能够直接与模型进行交互。本文描述了迄今为止的课程开发和建模工作,并解决了与学习材料开发相关的挑战。一个顾问委员会成立,在团队开发DE课程时提供DE方面的指导和专家知识。与咨询委员会合作,该团队发现了DE中的一些关键技能差距,这为团队提供了进一步加强培训和课程开发以使国防采办队伍现代化的机会。
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引用次数: 0
SysCon 2023 Cover Page SysCon 2023封面
Pub Date : 2023-04-17 DOI: 10.1109/syscon53073.2023.10131093
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引用次数: 0
期刊
2023 IEEE International Systems Conference (SysCon)
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