Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jre.2025.03.020
Jia Shi, Yuying Li, Sen Yin, Ziye Song, Yanyan Zhou, Ting Gao, Pengfei Yan, Hongfeng Li
Chiral lanthanide complexes exhibit high circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) activity due to magnetic dipole-allowed Ln-centered f–f transitions. However, the solution-state CPL activity of these complexes is often compromised upon film formation due to disordered molecular packing. To address this, we designed the enantiopure chiral β-diketonate ligand L1S, incorporating long alkyl chains. CPL analysis reveals that (NMe4)[Eu(L1S)4] retains its high CPL activity in the film state, comparable to that observed in solution. In contrast, (NMe4)[Eu(L2S)4], lacking alkyl chain modification, shows a significant decrease in the luminescence dissymmetry factor (glum), from −0.28 in solution to −0.01 in the spin-coated film. This result demonstrates the role of alkyl–alkyl interactions in impacting the molecule stacking, coordination configuration and the resulting CPL activity. This work provides an alternative for regulating CPL activity of spin-coated film of lanthanide complexes.
{"title":"A strategy for maintaining high CPL activity of lanthanide complexes in films through alkyl–alkyl interactions","authors":"Jia Shi, Yuying Li, Sen Yin, Ziye Song, Yanyan Zhou, Ting Gao, Pengfei Yan, Hongfeng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jre.2025.03.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jre.2025.03.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chiral lanthanide complexes exhibit high circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) activity due to magnetic dipole-allowed Ln-centered f–f transitions. However, the solution-state CPL activity of these complexes is often compromised upon film formation due to disordered molecular packing. To address this, we designed the enantiopure chiral <em>β</em>-diketonate ligand <strong>L<sub>1</sub><sup>S</sup></strong>, incorporating long alkyl chains. CPL analysis reveals that (NMe<sub>4</sub>)[Eu(<strong>L<sub>1</sub><sup>S</sup></strong>)<sub>4</sub>] retains its high CPL activity in the film state, comparable to that observed in solution. In contrast, (NMe<sub>4</sub>)[Eu(<strong>L<sub>2</sub><sup>S</sup></strong>)<sub>4</sub>], lacking alkyl chain modification, shows a significant decrease in the luminescence dissymmetry factor (<em>g</em><sub>lum</sub>), from −0.28 in solution to −0.01 in the spin-coated film. This result demonstrates the role of alkyl–alkyl interactions in impacting the molecule stacking, coordination configuration and the resulting CPL activity. This work provides an alternative for regulating CPL activity of spin-coated film of lanthanide complexes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16940,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rare Earths","volume":"44 1","pages":"Pages 15-24"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145941532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jre.2024.12.014
Qi You , Mu Liu , Chengxiang Yang , Xuan Zhou , Wei Liu , Jinkai Li , Xuchuan Jiang
Both Al3+ and Y3+ ions co-doped Na4CaSi3O9:Bi3+,Eu3+ (NCSO:Bi3+,Eu3+) series phosphors were synthesized by a high temperature solid-phase method, and characterized by various advanced structural and spectral instruments. The impact of different doping ion concentrations on the luminescent behavior of the phosphors was also investigated. It is found that an ion substitution strategy is useful for enhancing the luminescence performance of the as-obtained NCSO:Bi3+,Eu3+ phosphors. The results show that doping a certain amount of Al3+ ions into the NCSO:0.01Bi3+,0.1Eu3+ phosphor leads to a significant red-shift in the blue emission spectrum of Bi3+ up from 350 to 405 nm and an increase in the half-peak width by 21 nm, better spectral match for plant response. Furthermore, doping Y3+ ions into the matrix also enhances the sensitization effect of Bi3+ ions, resulting in a significant increase in luminous intensity. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) was used to verify the crystal structure and phase purity of the synthesized phosphors. The mechanism of Al3+ and Y3+ doping affecting the emission spectrum is further discussed through the structure refinement. Finally, by comparing with the absorption spectra of plant growth pigments, it is found that the developed phosphors show great potential in promoting light controlling for plant growth.
{"title":"High temperature solid-phase synthesis of Al/Y-doped Na4CaSi3O9:Bi3+,Eu3+ phosphors with tunable emission spectra for light-conversion applications","authors":"Qi You , Mu Liu , Chengxiang Yang , Xuan Zhou , Wei Liu , Jinkai Li , Xuchuan Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.jre.2024.12.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jre.2024.12.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Both Al<sup>3+</sup> and Y<sup>3+</sup> ions co-doped Na<sub>4</sub>CaSi<sub>3</sub>O<sub>9</sub>:Bi<sup>3+</sup>,Eu<sup>3+</sup> (NCSO:Bi<sup>3+</sup>,Eu<sup>3+</sup>) series phosphors were synthesized by a high temperature solid-phase method, and characterized by various advanced structural and spectral instruments. The impact of different doping ion concentrations on the luminescent behavior of the phosphors was also investigated. It is found that an ion substitution strategy is useful for enhancing the luminescence performance of the as-obtained NCSO:Bi<sup>3+</sup>,Eu<sup>3+</sup> phosphors. The results show that doping a certain amount of Al<sup>3+</sup> ions into the NCSO:0.01Bi<sup>3+</sup>,0.1Eu<sup>3+</sup> phosphor leads to a significant red-shift in the blue emission spectrum of Bi<sup>3+</sup> up from 350 to 405 nm and an increase in the half-peak width by 21 nm, better spectral match for plant response. Furthermore, doping Y<sup>3+</sup> ions into the matrix also enhances the sensitization effect of Bi<sup>3+</sup> ions, resulting in a significant increase in luminous intensity. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) was used to verify the crystal structure and phase purity of the synthesized phosphors. The mechanism of Al<sup>3+</sup> and Y<sup>3+</sup> doping affecting the emission spectrum is further discussed through the structure refinement. Finally, by comparing with the absorption spectra of plant growth pigments, it is found that the developed phosphors show great potential in promoting light controlling for plant growth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16940,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rare Earths","volume":"44 1","pages":"Pages 36-46"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145941535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The amorphous layers within grain boundary phase of sintered NdFeB magnets are reported to strongly affect their magnetic and mechanical properties. In this work, the dynamic evolution of the amorphous layers in sintered Nd-Fe-Zr-B magnet was investigated and the stress-induced amorphization mechanisms were revealed. Considering that Nd2Fe14B phase undergoes magnetic phase transition near the Curie temperature, probable changes in the microstructure of sintered Nd-Fe-Zr-B magnet caused by this process were explored. Microstructure evolution of grain boundary phase within the magnet was analyzed using in-situ transmission electron microscopy at temperatures rising from room temperature to 450 °C and then cooling down. It is observed that multi-layer amorphous phases with various chemical compositions are formed and located at the interface between Nd2Fe14B matrix and ZrB2 within grain boundary phase. In-situ experiment shows that the amorphous layers begin to generate during the heating process and increase slowly during the cooling process. Especially, the amorphous layers significantly expand near Curie temperature of about 300 °C, which is accompanied by the abrupt contraction of ZrB2 lattice. It is analyzed that these phenomena are related to interphase stresses at the interface, which are mainly caused by spontaneous magnetostriction of Nd2Fe14B due to magnetic phase transition, along with the differences in thermal expansion coefficients between various phases. The amorphous layers are formed by the combination of Nd2Fe14B and ZrB2 to reduce the energy elevation caused by interphase stresses.
{"title":"Interphase stress-induced amorphization at grain boundary of sintered Nd-Fe-Zr-B magnets","authors":"Sheng'en Guan, Zihao Wang, Xiaoqian Bao, Jiheng Li, Xuexu Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.jre.2025.01.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jre.2025.01.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The amorphous layers within grain boundary phase of sintered NdFeB magnets are reported to strongly affect their magnetic and mechanical properties. In this work, the dynamic evolution of the amorphous layers in sintered Nd-Fe-Zr-B magnet was investigated and the stress-induced amorphization mechanisms were revealed. Considering that Nd<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>14</sub>B phase undergoes magnetic phase transition near the Curie temperature, probable changes in the microstructure of sintered Nd-Fe-Zr-B magnet caused by this process were explored. Microstructure evolution of grain boundary phase within the magnet was analyzed using <em>in-situ</em> transmission electron microscopy at temperatures rising from room temperature to 450 °C and then cooling down. It is observed that multi-layer amorphous phases with various chemical compositions are formed and located at the interface between Nd<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>14</sub>B matrix and ZrB<sub>2</sub> within grain boundary phase. <em>In-situ</em> experiment shows that the amorphous layers begin to generate during the heating process and increase slowly during the cooling process. Especially, the amorphous layers significantly expand near Curie temperature of about 300 °C, which is accompanied by the abrupt contraction of ZrB<sub>2</sub> lattice. It is analyzed that these phenomena are related to interphase stresses at the interface, which are mainly caused by spontaneous magnetostriction of Nd<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>14</sub>B due to magnetic phase transition, along with the differences in thermal expansion coefficients between various phases. The amorphous layers are formed by the combination of Nd<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>14</sub>B and ZrB<sub>2</sub> to reduce the energy elevation caused by interphase stresses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16940,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rare Earths","volume":"44 1","pages":"Pages 230-239"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145941485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jre.2025.03.008
Xuhao Hu , Chaojie Che , Xinlin Li , Liren Cheng , Hongjie Zhang
A major challenge for the application of Mg alloy hollow profiles in railway vehicles is to simultaneously improve their mechanical properties and flame retardancy. This work fabricated a large-size asymmetric hollow profile of Mg-4.04Y-2.38Nd-1.02Gd-0.41Zr (WE43) alloy by porthole die extrusion. The influences of process parameters on the temperature and stress fields were investigated by finite element method (FEM). The microstructures were analyzed using a combination of optical microscope, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, spherical aberration transmission electron microscopy and X-ray electron diffraction. The mechanical properties of the alloy were evaluated using hardness and tensile testing methods. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was employed to conduct compositional analysis of the film following high-temperature oxidation. Lamellar heterostructures were formed in the extruded profile by high-temperature extrusion, with rapid cooling and a high extrusion ratio, followed by artificial aging. The average values of yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elongation (EL) of the extruded profiles after T5 treatment were 291 MPa, 385 MPa, and 16.4%, respectively. The profiles demonstrate a good balance between strength and plasticity, attributed to the synergistic effect of weak basal texture, precipitation strengthening and heterogeneous deformation induced strengthening. Finally, the extruded hollow profile does not catch fire during high-temperature oxidation up to 1050 °C due to the protection of the dense Y2O3 and MgO composite layer on the matrix. This work is of great significance in guiding the application and industrial production of large-sized hollow profiles of WE43 alloy in railway vehicles.
{"title":"Strengthening mechanisms and high-temperature oxidation behavior of extruded hollow WE43 magnesium profile with lamellar heterostructures","authors":"Xuhao Hu , Chaojie Che , Xinlin Li , Liren Cheng , Hongjie Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jre.2025.03.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jre.2025.03.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A major challenge for the application of Mg alloy hollow profiles in railway vehicles is to simultaneously improve their mechanical properties and flame retardancy. This work fabricated a large-size asymmetric hollow profile of Mg-4.04Y-2.38Nd-1.02Gd-0.41Zr (WE43) alloy by porthole die extrusion. The influences of process parameters on the temperature and stress fields were investigated by finite element method (FEM). The microstructures were analyzed using a combination of optical microscope, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, spherical aberration transmission electron microscopy and X-ray electron diffraction. The mechanical properties of the alloy were evaluated using hardness and tensile testing methods. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was employed to conduct compositional analysis of the film following high-temperature oxidation. Lamellar heterostructures were formed in the extruded profile by high-temperature extrusion, with rapid cooling and a high extrusion ratio, followed by artificial aging. The average values of yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elongation (EL) of the extruded profiles after T5 treatment were 291 MPa, 385 MPa, and 16.4%, respectively. The profiles demonstrate a good balance between strength and plasticity, attributed to the synergistic effect of weak basal texture, precipitation strengthening and heterogeneous deformation induced strengthening. Finally, the extruded hollow profile does not catch fire during high-temperature oxidation up to 1050 °C due to the protection of the dense Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and MgO composite layer on the matrix. This work is of great significance in guiding the application and industrial production of large-sized hollow profiles of WE43 alloy in railway vehicles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16940,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rare Earths","volume":"44 1","pages":"Pages 322-336"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145941400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jre.2025.03.014
Shouxian Zhong , Longjie Yuan , Xiang Li , Yan Xie , Danping Wu , Xinwei Dong , Chenghong Ao
Dye recovery offers a sustainable approach to treating dyeing wastewater. However, existing adsorbents used in such treatments lack high selectivity for dyes with the same charge and have unsatisfactory recycling properties, which have hindered progress in this field. Herein, the in situ loading of silicon carbide (SiC) and in situ growth of lanthanum hydroxide (La(OH)3) on a cellulose gel-coated filter paper were achieved using a facile dip-coating method. The cellulose used was extracted from bagasse. The resulting membrane exhibits a high rejection rate for the anionic dye Congo red (97%) but a low rejection rate for anionic methyl orange (1.5%) owing to the incomplete coverage of La(OH)3 by SiC. La(OH)3, an electron-deficient compound, shows a strong affinity towards electron-rich organics (e.g., Congo red). Moreover, its electron-deficient characteristic is conducive to separating photoinduced electrons/holes in SiC, improving membrane recyclability by enhancing photodegradation of the adsorbed dyes. Notably, after spraying with a low-concentration cellulose solution, the recyclability of the membrane is further improved because of its increased structural integrity during the recycling process. This work offers a method to utilise waste bagasse for dye recovery while demonstrating the feasibility of La(OH)3 for photocatalytic applications.
{"title":"Reusable silicon carbide/lanthanum hydroxide@cellulose composite membranes for selective removal of dyes with the same charge","authors":"Shouxian Zhong , Longjie Yuan , Xiang Li , Yan Xie , Danping Wu , Xinwei Dong , Chenghong Ao","doi":"10.1016/j.jre.2025.03.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jre.2025.03.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dye recovery offers a sustainable approach to treating dyeing wastewater. However, existing adsorbents used in such treatments lack high selectivity for dyes with the same charge and have unsatisfactory recycling properties, which have hindered progress in this field. Herein, the <em>in situ</em> loading of silicon carbide (SiC) and <em>in situ</em> growth of lanthanum hydroxide (La(OH)<sub>3</sub>) on a cellulose gel-coated filter paper were achieved using a facile dip-coating method. The cellulose used was extracted from bagasse. The resulting membrane exhibits a high rejection rate for the anionic dye Congo red (97%) but a low rejection rate for anionic methyl orange (1.5%) owing to the incomplete coverage of La(OH)<sub>3</sub> by SiC. La(OH)<sub>3</sub>, an electron-deficient compound, shows a strong affinity towards electron-rich organics (e.g., Congo red). Moreover, its electron-deficient characteristic is conducive to separating photoinduced electrons/holes in SiC, improving membrane recyclability by enhancing photodegradation of the adsorbed dyes. Notably, after spraying with a low-concentration cellulose solution, the recyclability of the membrane is further improved because of its increased structural integrity during the recycling process. This work offers a method to utilise waste bagasse for dye recovery while demonstrating the feasibility of La(OH)<sub>3</sub> for photocatalytic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16940,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rare Earths","volume":"44 1","pages":"Pages 185-195"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145941403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jre.2025.01.017
Xiaoshuai Zhang, Xi Wang, Tao Yin, Xuping Han, Panlai Li, Xiaoyan Yu, Zixuan Wang, Chengrun Liu, Zhijun Wang
The market demand for environmentally controlled agricultural indoor lighting is gradually increasing due to environmental pollution and drastic changes in the natural climate. Generally, matrix K3YSi2O7 (phase 1) is difficult to synthesize compared to K3YSi2O7 (phase 2), which has been illustrated by theoretical calculations. In this paper, large quantities of pure phase K3YSi2O7 (phase 1) matrix were obtained by the substitution engineering strategy (Ca2+→Y3+). Subsequently, Eu2+ was doped to obtain a thermally stable ultra-wideband deep red light-emitting phosphor with an emission band centered at 721 nm and a full width at half maximum of 186 nm under 450 nm light excitation. It is noteworthy that compared with K3YSi2O7:Eu (phase 2), K3Ca0.3Y0.7Si2O7:Eu2+ (phase 1) is superior in terms of emission wavelength, full width at half maximum, and thermal stability. Furthermore, the spectrum resemblance between its emission spectrum and the photosensitive pigment Pfr was calculated to be 97.5%, which set the stage for subsequent plant lighting applications. Finally, light-emitting diode devices were prepared using K3Ca0.3Y0.7Si2O7:Eu2+ phosphor for plant lighting experiments, and plants grown under deep red light emitting diode light show more luxuriant growth. The results show that the phosphor K3Ca0.3Y0.7Si2O7:Eu2+ has promising applications in indoor plant culture. Meanwhile, the successful implementation of ion substitution engineering also provides a new strategy for transitions in host systems.
{"title":"Achievement of an ultra-broadband deep red phosphor K3Ca0.3Y0.7Si2O7:Eu2+ (phase 1) for phytochrome matching plant-lighting","authors":"Xiaoshuai Zhang, Xi Wang, Tao Yin, Xuping Han, Panlai Li, Xiaoyan Yu, Zixuan Wang, Chengrun Liu, Zhijun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jre.2025.01.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jre.2025.01.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The market demand for environmentally controlled agricultural indoor lighting is gradually increasing due to environmental pollution and drastic changes in the natural climate. Generally, matrix K<sub>3</sub>YSi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> (phase 1) is difficult to synthesize compared to K<sub>3</sub>YSi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> (phase 2), which has been illustrated by theoretical calculations. In this paper, large quantities of pure phase K<sub>3</sub>YSi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> (phase 1) matrix were obtained by the substitution engineering strategy (Ca<sup>2+</sup>→Y<sup>3+</sup>). Subsequently, Eu<sup>2+</sup> was doped to obtain a thermally stable ultra-wideband deep red light-emitting phosphor with an emission band centered at 721 nm and a full width at half maximum of 186 nm under 450 nm light excitation. It is noteworthy that compared with K<sub>3</sub>YSi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>:Eu (phase 2), K<sub>3</sub>Ca<sub>0.3</sub>Y<sub>0.7</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>:Eu<sup>2+</sup> (phase 1) is superior in terms of emission wavelength, full width at half maximum, and thermal stability. Furthermore, the spectrum resemblance between its emission spectrum and the photosensitive pigment P<sub>fr</sub> was calculated to be 97.5%, which set the stage for subsequent plant lighting applications. Finally, light-emitting diode devices were prepared using K<sub>3</sub>Ca<sub>0.3</sub>Y<sub>0.7</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>:Eu<sup>2+</sup> phosphor for plant lighting experiments, and plants grown under deep red light emitting diode light show more luxuriant growth. The results show that the phosphor K<sub>3</sub>Ca<sub>0.3</sub>Y<sub>0.7</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>:Eu<sup>2+</sup> has promising applications in indoor plant culture. Meanwhile, the successful implementation of ion substitution engineering also provides a new strategy for transitions in host systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16940,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rare Earths","volume":"44 1","pages":"Pages 103-111"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145941504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jre.2025.03.001
Simin Gu , Zezhong Yang , Huiwang Lian , Chonggeng Ma , Andrzej Suchocki , Jing Wang
Highly thermotolerant and photostable luminescent ceramics are attracting great attention as promising luminescent materials for laser-driven lighting. Herein we report high-performance (Y1–xCex)3Al5O12 ceramics synthesized by spark plasma sintering (SPS). Owing to the advantages of the regular grain particles and clear grain boundaries of ceramic with cubic garnet structure, the SPS-prepared (Y0.95Ce0.05)3Al5O12 ceramic shows high quantum efficiency with IQE of 98.17% and EQE of 70.42%. It also exhibits excellent luminescence thermal stability and the as-synthesized ceramic maintains 95.11% of integral PL intensity at 423 K compared to that at room temperature. Moreover, the (Y0.95Ce0.05)3Al5O12 ceramic can withstand a high laser power density of 21 W/mm2 and emits high-brightness white lighting with a luminous efficiency of 219.39 lm/W. With excellent optical performance, the fabricated (Y0.95Ce0.05)3Al5O12 ceramic can be widely applied as a reliable color converter material for high-power laser-driven lighting.
{"title":"High-performance (Y1–xCex)3Al5O12 ceramics synthesized by spark plasma sintering for high-power laser-driven lighting","authors":"Simin Gu , Zezhong Yang , Huiwang Lian , Chonggeng Ma , Andrzej Suchocki , Jing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jre.2025.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jre.2025.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Highly thermotolerant and photostable luminescent ceramics are attracting great attention as promising luminescent materials for laser-driven lighting. Herein we report high-performance (Y<sub>1–<em>x</em></sub>Ce<sub><em>x</em></sub>)<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> ceramics synthesized by spark plasma sintering (SPS). Owing to the advantages of the regular grain particles and clear grain boundaries of ceramic with cubic garnet structure, the SPS-prepared (Y<sub>0.95</sub>Ce<sub>0.05</sub>)<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> ceramic shows high quantum efficiency with IQE of 98.17% and EQE of 70.42%. It also exhibits excellent luminescence thermal stability and the as-synthesized ceramic maintains 95.11% of integral PL intensity at 423 K compared to that at room temperature. Moreover, the (Y<sub>0.95</sub>Ce<sub>0.05</sub>)<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> ceramic can withstand a high laser power density of 21 W/mm<sup>2</sup> and emits high-brightness white lighting with a luminous efficiency of 219.39 lm/W. With excellent optical performance, the fabricated (Y<sub>0.95</sub>Ce<sub>0.05</sub>)<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> ceramic can be widely applied as a reliable color converter material for high-power laser-driven lighting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16940,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rare Earths","volume":"44 1","pages":"Pages 67-74"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145941538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jre.2025.02.010
Zehua Zhang, Lili Wang, Ruiliang Zuo, Zhenzhen Jiang, Guangyong Jin
The single-component white light emission microcrystals were synthesized in Bi3+/Sb3+/Ho3+ ions tri-doped Cs2Ag0.2Na0.8LuCl6 double perovskites by a simple precipitation method. In Bi3+/Sb3+ ions double-doped Cs2Ag0.2Na0.8LuCl6 microcrystals, the tunable emission from yellow (Bi3+) to blue (Sb3+) can be achieved under ultraviolet light excitation. Particularly, the white light emission is obtained after doping Ho3+ ion because of the energy transfer processes of Bi3+→Ho3+ and Sb3+→Ho3+. The chromaticity coordinates (CIE) of Cs2Ag0.2Na0.8LuCl6:5 mol% Bi3+,1 mol% Sb3+,15 mol% Ho3+ microcrystal are (0.3354, 0.3394) under 315 nm excitation. Meanwhile, the white light emissions with different color temperatures are obtained through varying the excitation wavelength (255–365 nm). Additionally, temperature-dependent fluorescence spectra show that the emission intensity of Bi3+/Sb3+/Ho3+ tri-doped Cs2Ag0.2Na0.8LuCl6 microcrystal at 423 K remains 54% of that at 303 K. Moreover, the fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) of 641 and 665 nm is highly temperature-dependent, the relative sensitivity (Sr) reaches 1.06%/K at 303 K under 315 nm excitation. Simultaneously, the microcrystal shows thermochromism phenomenon, and the emission changes from white to blue-purple with the increase of temperature from 303 to 513 K. The novel temperature sensing is achieved based on CIE coordinates and temperature technology in Cs2Ag0.2Na0.8LuCl6:5 mol% Bi3+,1 mol% Sb3+,15 mol% Ho3+ microcrystal by exciting at 315 nm. The corresponding maximum Sr is 0.34%/K. Accordingly, Bi3+/Sb3+/Ho3+ ions tri-doped Cs2Ag0.2Na0.8LuCl6 double perovskite has potential applications in the fields of white light emitting diode and optical temperature sensing.
{"title":"Design of dual-mode optical temperature sensing in single-component white light emission Bi3+/Sb3+/Ho3+ tri-doped Cs2Ag0.2Na0.8LuCl6 double perovskites","authors":"Zehua Zhang, Lili Wang, Ruiliang Zuo, Zhenzhen Jiang, Guangyong Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.jre.2025.02.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jre.2025.02.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The single-component white light emission microcrystals were synthesized in Bi<sup>3+</sup>/Sb<sup>3+</sup>/Ho<sup>3+</sup> ions tri-doped Cs<sub>2</sub>Ag<sub>0.2</sub>Na<sub>0.8</sub>LuCl<sub>6</sub> double perovskites by a simple precipitation method. In Bi<sup>3+</sup>/Sb<sup>3+</sup> ions double-doped Cs<sub>2</sub>Ag<sub>0.2</sub>Na<sub>0.8</sub>LuCl<sub>6</sub> microcrystals, the tunable emission from yellow (Bi<sup>3+</sup>) to blue (Sb<sup>3+</sup>) can be achieved under ultraviolet light excitation. Particularly, the white light emission is obtained after doping Ho<sup>3+</sup> ion because of the energy transfer processes of Bi<sup>3+</sup>→Ho<sup>3+</sup> and Sb<sup>3+</sup>→Ho<sup>3+</sup>. The chromaticity coordinates (CIE) of Cs<sub>2</sub>Ag<sub>0.2</sub>Na<sub>0.8</sub>LuCl<sub>6</sub>:5 mol% Bi<sup>3+</sup>,1 mol% Sb<sup>3+</sup>,15 mol% Ho<sup>3+</sup> microcrystal are (0.3354, 0.3394) under 315 nm excitation. Meanwhile, the white light emissions with different color temperatures are obtained through varying the excitation wavelength (255–365 nm). Additionally, temperature-dependent fluorescence spectra show that the emission intensity of Bi<sup>3+</sup>/Sb<sup>3+</sup>/Ho<sup>3+</sup> tri-doped Cs<sub>2</sub>Ag<sub>0.2</sub>Na<sub>0.8</sub>LuCl<sub>6</sub> microcrystal at 423 K remains 54% of that at 303 K. Moreover, the fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) of 641 and 665 nm is highly temperature-dependent, the relative sensitivity (<em>S</em><sub>r</sub>) reaches 1.06%/K at 303 K under 315 nm excitation. Simultaneously, the microcrystal shows thermochromism phenomenon, and the emission changes from white to blue-purple with the increase of temperature from 303 to 513 K. The novel temperature sensing is achieved based on CIE coordinates and temperature technology in Cs<sub>2</sub>Ag<sub>0.2</sub>Na<sub>0.8</sub>LuCl<sub>6</sub>:5 mol% Bi<sup>3+</sup>,1 mol% Sb<sup>3+</sup>,15 mol% Ho<sup>3+</sup> microcrystal by exciting at 315 nm. The corresponding maximum <em>S</em><sub>r</sub> is 0.34%/K. Accordingly, Bi<sup>3+</sup>/Sb<sup>3+</sup>/Ho<sup>3+</sup> ions tri-doped Cs<sub>2</sub>Ag<sub>0.2</sub>Na<sub>0.8</sub>LuCl<sub>6</sub> double perovskite has potential applications in the fields of white light emitting diode and optical temperature sensing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16940,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rare Earths","volume":"44 1","pages":"Pages 25-35"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145941534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jre.2025.03.005
Yunfei Xu, Ying Li, Haiou Liang, Tong Xu, Yinghui Sun, Jie Bai
The Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction is essential in organic synthesis, particularly for producing biaryl compounds used in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials science. Traditionally, this reaction requires high temperatures due to the stable C–X bonds in aryl halides, resulting in increased energy consumption and operational complexity. Photocatalysis has emerged as a promising alternative to reduce reaction temperatures, but effective catalysts for Suzuki coupling under sunlight remain underexplored. This study addresses the gap by developing advanced photocatalysts that operate efficiently under sunlight. We designed a Pd/g-C3N4/Zr-CeO2 composite catalyst with a bilayer nanotubular structure, using electrostatic spinning, vapor-phase deposition, and impregnation methods. The incorporation of Zr into the CeO2 matrix modified the CeO2 lattice, which improves light absorption and facilitates electron transfer. Structural characterization via X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the successful synthesis, revealing well-dispersed Pd nanoparticles and the g-C3N4/Zr-CeO2 heterostructure. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis identified both metallic Pd and Pd2+ species, while UV–visible diffuse reflection spectroscopy (UV–Vis DRS) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy demonstrate improved visible light absorption and reduced electron–hole recombination. The catalyst achieves a biphenyl yield of 97.6% at 0 °C under visible light, with a turnover frequency (TOF) of 2759.1 h−1, comparable to thermal catalysis at 80 °C. Furthermore, the Pd/g-C3N4/Zr-CeO2 catalyst exhibits exceptional performance in Suzuki coupling reactions under sunlight, showcasing a significant advancement in photocatalytic efficiency and sustainability. This work highlights the potential of using natural sunlight for driving photocatalytic processes, aligning with green chemistry principles, and expanding the practical applications of semiconductor materials and transition metals in organic synthesis.
{"title":"Enhancing catalytic activity of Pd/g-C3N4/CeO2 by heterojunctions and zirconium doping for Suzuki coupling reactions","authors":"Yunfei Xu, Ying Li, Haiou Liang, Tong Xu, Yinghui Sun, Jie Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.jre.2025.03.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jre.2025.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction is essential in organic synthesis, particularly for producing biaryl compounds used in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials science. Traditionally, this reaction requires high temperatures due to the stable C–X bonds in aryl halides, resulting in increased energy consumption and operational complexity. Photocatalysis has emerged as a promising alternative to reduce reaction temperatures, but effective catalysts for Suzuki coupling under sunlight remain underexplored. This study addresses the gap by developing advanced photocatalysts that operate efficiently under sunlight. We designed a Pd/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/Zr-CeO<sub>2</sub> composite catalyst with a bilayer nanotubular structure, using electrostatic spinning, vapor-phase deposition, and impregnation methods. The incorporation of Zr into the CeO<sub>2</sub> matrix modified the CeO<sub>2</sub> lattice, which improves light absorption and facilitates electron transfer. Structural characterization via X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the successful synthesis, revealing well-dispersed Pd nanoparticles and the g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/Zr-CeO<sub>2</sub> heterostructure. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis identified both metallic Pd and Pd<sup>2+</sup> species, while UV–visible diffuse reflection spectroscopy (UV–Vis DRS) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy demonstrate improved visible light absorption and reduced electron–hole recombination. The catalyst achieves a biphenyl yield of 97.6% at 0 °C under visible light, with a turnover frequency (TOF) of 2759.1 h<sup>−1</sup>, comparable to thermal catalysis at 80 °C. Furthermore, the Pd/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/Zr-CeO<sub>2</sub> catalyst exhibits exceptional performance in Suzuki coupling reactions under sunlight, showcasing a significant advancement in photocatalytic efficiency and sustainability. This work highlights the potential of using natural sunlight for driving photocatalytic processes, aligning with green chemistry principles, and expanding the practical applications of semiconductor materials and transition metals in organic synthesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16940,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rare Earths","volume":"44 1","pages":"Pages 162-174"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145941401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rare earth (RE) Mg alloy is a thriving branch of high modulus Mg alloys, since there exist various precipitations to strengthen them. In this work, the structural and mechanical properties of ten different kinds of binary Mg-RE intermetallic compounds (IMCs), including B2, C14, C15, D019, D03, Mg7RE, Mg12RE, Mg17RE2, Mg24RE5, and Mg41RE5, were systematically investigated by first-principles calculations. The accuracy of the current work was validated by comparing it with limited previous work. The stability of those IMCs was evaluated by accurate convex hull (stable in energy) and elastic constants (mechanical stability). The atomic volume is linear with the ionic radii of corresponding RE elements in each IMC. Regarding the strengthening effect, both D03 and Mg12RE show considerable Young’s modulus when compared with pure Mg (about 44.6 GPa), and the maximum Young’s modulus reaches 74 GPa. For all ten IMCs, the strengthening effect follows the sequence: Mg12RE ≈ D03 > Mg17RE2 ≈ Mg41RE5 > B2 > C15 > Mg7RE > Mg24RE5 > C14 > D019 (for light rare earth elements), and D03 ≈ Mg12RE > B2 > Mg17RE2 ≈ Mg41RE5 > C14 > C15 > Mg24RE5 > D019 > Mg7RE (for heavy rare earth elements). In addition, the rule of mixture was validated for atomic volume, formation energy, and Young’s modulus in multicomponent Mgm(REs)n systems. Hence, this work provides abundant and fundamental data for designing and understanding novel precipitation-strengthening Mg alloys.
{"title":"Structural and mechanical properties of Mg-RE intermetallic compounds: High-throughput first-principles calculations","authors":"Mingqing Liao , Xiaojie Zhang , Yuesheng Wu , Fei Zhou , Danni Yang , Xiaohong Yuan , Fengjiang Wang , Chao Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.jre.2024.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jre.2024.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rare earth (RE) Mg alloy is a thriving branch of high modulus Mg alloys, since there exist various precipitations to strengthen them. In this work, the structural and mechanical properties of ten different kinds of binary Mg-RE intermetallic compounds (IMCs), including B2, C14, C15, D0<sub>19</sub>, D0<sub>3</sub>, Mg<sub>7</sub>RE, Mg<sub>12</sub>RE, Mg<sub>17</sub>RE<sub>2</sub>, Mg<sub>24</sub>RE<sub>5</sub>, and Mg<sub>41</sub>RE<sub>5</sub>, were systematically investigated by first-principles calculations. The accuracy of the current work was validated by comparing it with limited previous work. The stability of those IMCs was evaluated by accurate convex hull (stable in energy) and elastic constants (mechanical stability). The atomic volume is linear with the ionic radii of corresponding RE elements in each IMC. Regarding the strengthening effect, both D0<sub>3</sub> and Mg<sub>12</sub>RE show considerable Young’s modulus when compared with pure Mg (about 44.6 GPa), and the maximum Young’s modulus reaches 74 GPa. For all ten IMCs, the strengthening effect follows the sequence: Mg<sub>12</sub>RE ≈ D0<sub>3</sub> > Mg<sub>17</sub>RE<sub>2</sub> ≈ Mg<sub>41</sub>RE<sub>5</sub> > B2 > C15 > Mg<sub>7</sub>RE > Mg<sub>24</sub>RE<sub>5</sub> > C14 > D0<sub>19</sub> (for light rare earth elements), and D0<sub>3</sub> ≈ Mg<sub>12</sub>RE > B2 > Mg<sub>17</sub>RE<sub>2</sub> ≈ Mg<sub>41</sub>RE<sub>5</sub> > C14 > C15 > Mg<sub>24</sub>RE<sub>5</sub> > D0<sub>19</sub> > Mg<sub>7</sub>RE (for heavy rare earth elements). In addition, the rule of mixture was validated for atomic volume, formation energy, and Young’s modulus in multicomponent Mg<sub><em>m</em></sub>(REs)<sub><em>n</em></sub> systems. Hence, this work provides abundant and fundamental data for designing and understanding novel precipitation-strengthening Mg alloys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16940,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rare Earths","volume":"44 1","pages":"Pages 352-363"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145941407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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