Journal of Rare Earths最新文献

{"title":"Spin-polarized scrutiny on structural, elastic, thermodynamic, magneto-electronic, and optical attributes of rare-earth based Eu2XWO6 (X=Mg, Zn) double perovskites for spintronic and optoelectronics","authors":"Hudabia Murtaza ,&nbsp;Junaid Munir ,&nbsp;Quratul Ain ,&nbsp;Abdullah S. Aldwayyan ,&nbsp;Hamid M. Ghaithan ,&nbsp;Abdullah Ahmed Ali Ahmed ,&nbsp;Saif M.H. Qaid","doi":"10.1016/j.jre.2024.10.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jre.2024.10.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The half metallic character in double perovskites makes them highly sought-after materials for the use in spintronics applications. Spintronic devices can operate at far higher speeds with less power consumption which has the potential to eventually replace traditional electronics. In this manuscript, we theoretically investigated the physical properties of europium based double perovskites Eu₂XWO₆ (X = Mg, Zn). The volume optimization was done for both compounds, which demonstrate complete structural stability, while their thermodynamic stability is confirmed through the calculated formation energies. The mechanical properties reveal that both studied compounds fulfill the Born's stability criteria. The electronic properties of Eu₂MgWO₆ and Eu₂ZnWO₆ reveal that in spin up channel both materials exhibit metallic character, while in spin down channel, indirect bandgaps of 4.11 and 3.97 eV are noticed for Eu₂MgWO₆ and Eu₂ZnWO₆, respectively, showing half-metallic behavior. The examination of the magnetic properties shows a significant magnetic moment of 14 <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>μ</mi><mi>B</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> for Eu₂XWO₆ (X = Mg, Zn). High optical conductivity and absorption are noticed in the UV region as shown by the optical traits of Eu₂XWO₆ (X = Mg, Zn). Both materials show high magnetic moments, which leads to high spin polarization and are considered highly effective for the functioning of spintronic devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16940,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rare Earths","volume":"43 12","pages":"Pages 2780-2788"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145594910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic optimization of mechanical properties and corrosion resistance in Sm-doped Mg-Gd-Zn-Zr biodegradable magnesium alloys","authors":"Fayan Yu ,&nbsp;Yi Peng ,&nbsp;Fuguo Liu ,&nbsp;Peng Peng ,&nbsp;Cheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Shuai Long ,&nbsp;Jianyue Zhang ,&nbsp;Qingshan Yang ,&nbsp;Qingwei Dai ,&nbsp;Jia She ,&nbsp;Fusheng Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.jre.2024.10.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jre.2024.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mg alloys have broad application potential thanks to their low density, degradability, and biocompatibility. However, the inherent conflict between corrosion resistance and mechanical properties poses a significant challenge that restricts the application of Mg alloys as biomaterials. This study investigated the incorporation of Sm (0 wt%, 2 wt%, 4 wt%, 6 wt%) into the Mg-7Gd-0.5Zr-0.5Zn alloy to enhance its mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. The findings suggest that incorporating the Sm element improves the tensile yield strength (TYS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and corrosion resistance despite the sacrifice of elongation. The Mg-7Gd-2Sm-0.5Zr-0.5Zn alloy presents an outstanding balance of corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. The TYS, UTS, and fracture elongation (FE) are 175 MPa, 265.8 MPa, and 19%, respectively. The corrosion rate is significantly reduced from 4.02 to 2.55 mm/y. With the increment of Sm content, the grains are refined, and the texture is weakened. Sm element is beneficial to the promotion of the precipitation of second phases, forming Sm-containing (Mg, Zn)₃RE phase and Mg₅RE phase. Meanwhile, Sm promotes the co-segregation of elements at grain boundaries and stacking faults, which collectively influence the performance. The impacts of elements co-segregation and second phase on strengthening mechanisms and corrosion mechanisms are discussed in detail.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16940,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rare Earths","volume":"43 12","pages":"Pages 2831-2843"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145594944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient tunable long persistent luminescence of Ce-Tb co-doped boroaluminate glass for dynamic encryption anticounterfeiting","authors":"Xingzhen Huang,&nbsp;Yixi Wu,&nbsp;Jing Li,&nbsp;Zhaojing Kuang,&nbsp;Junjie Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jre.2024.09.030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jre.2024.09.030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ce³⁺, due to its broadband emission, has the potential to serve as a donor ion for energy transfer to achieve the possible efficient tunable multi-emission in materials. However, current related research primarily focuses on photoluminescent (PL) phosphors, while studies on achieving tunable long persistent luminescence (LPL), particularly in glass materials, are insufficient. In this work, Ce-Tb co-doped boroaluminate glass was synthesized using a high-temperature melting method under a reducing atmosphere. Under the influence of oxygen vacancy traps induced during the reduction of Ce⁴⁺ to Ce³⁺, glass samples exhibit an obvious LPL with a broadband center wavelength at 420 nm and a narrowband center wavelength at 547 nm, which correspond well to Ce³⁺ ions’ d–f transitions and Tb³⁺ ions’ f–f transitions, respectively. A reasonable Ce³⁺ doping amount achieves the optimal trap depth and concentration to enhance LPL intensity and duration. Additionally, it improves the PL intensity of Tb³⁺ by enhancing the energy transfer from Ce³⁺ to Tb³⁺, thereby enabling the glass to exhibit variable LPL colors ranging from blue to cyan. Finally, based on the PL and LPL characteristics of the samples, a dynamic encryption anticounterfeiting application is described.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16940,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rare Earths","volume":"43 12","pages":"Pages 2646-2653"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145594825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement of forming quality, microstructure, and bio-tribological properties of additive manufactured Ti6Al4V with LaB6 addition","authors":"Dingding Xiang ,&nbsp;Xiaoxin Leng ,&nbsp;Liang Yan ,&nbsp;Yutang Wang ,&nbsp;Di Wang ,&nbsp;Shu Wang ,&nbsp;Zibin Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaoshu Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.jre.2025.07.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jre.2025.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The poor wear resistance limits the applications of Ti6Al4V alloy. The additive manufactured Ti6Al4V alloy, particularly produced in the air, has issues with the poor forming quality. In this study, a rare earth compound (LaB₆) was introduced to enhance both the forming quality and bio-tribological properties of Ti6Al4V alloy. The results show that adding an appropriate amount of LaB₆ can reduce defects (pores). The microstructure is obviously refined due to pinning and heterogeneous nucleation effects, and the La₂O₃ and TiB are formed through the <em>in-situ</em> reactions. The sample with 4 wt% LaB₆ addition exhibits excellent microhardness and bio-tribological properties. Grain refinement, dispersion strengthening and solution strengthening can significantly improve the microhardness, and the bio-tribological properties are further improved when combined with the <em>in-situ</em> network-structured hard TiB whisker (TiBw). This work is expected to provide reference suggestions for the development of additive manufactured titanium alloys and its application in implants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16940,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rare Earths","volume":"43 12","pages":"Pages 2844-2856"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145594945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Cu+ and Sc3+ codoping on luminescence and scintillation properties of Cs2LiYCl6:Ce single crystals","authors":"Yuhao Zhang ,&nbsp;Yufeng Tong ,&nbsp;Lei Zong ,&nbsp;Guohao Ren ,&nbsp;Yuntao Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jre.2025.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jre.2025.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a batch of <em>ϕ</em> 12 mm Cs₂LiYCl₆:Ce crystals codoped with different contents of Cu⁺ and Sc³⁺ was successfully grown using the Multi-ampule Bridgeman method. A new emission peaking at 418 nm is found in the photoluminescence spectra of CLYC:Ce codoped with Cu⁺ ion. Codoping Cu⁺ or Sc³⁺ both increases the proportion of intrinsic self-trapped exciton (STE) luminescence, and extends the excitation band of Ce³⁺, especially in Cu⁺ codoped samples, where a new absorption peak at 248 nm can be identified. The light yield of Cu⁺ codoped samples remains largely unchanged, but the energy resolution shows a slight deterioration. Both light yield and energy resolution degrade after Sc³⁺ codoping, and the effect is much severe than that of Cu⁺ codoped samples. X-ray induced afterglow can be suppressed after Cu⁺ codoping and low content of Sc³⁺ codoping. The scintillation decay variation also depends on the codoping ions and their contents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16940,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rare Earths","volume":"43 12","pages":"Pages 2637-2645"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145594824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First-principles study of structural stability and magnetic properties of Sm2Co17 rare earth permanent magnets doped with transition metal elements","authors":"Cheng Fang ,&nbsp;Zhi Yan ,&nbsp;Xujin Zhang ,&nbsp;Jianhua Xiao ,&nbsp;Fang Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaohong Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.jre.2024.10.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jre.2024.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous studies have demonstrated that increasing Fe doping content can enhance the saturation magnetization and maximum energy product of 2:17-type Sm-Co rare-earth permanent magnets. However, systematic theoretical calculations and the effects of other transition metal dopants have yet to be explored. This study employed first-principles computational methods to investigate the effects of doping with 3d and Zr transition metal elements on the structural stability, magnetic properties, and electronic structure of Sm₂Co₁₇ permanent magnets. The results indicate that Sc and Zr tend to occupy the Sm-6<em>c</em> site, while Ni, Cu and Zn preferentially occupy the 18<em>h</em> site, and Ti, V, Cr, Mn and Fe primarily occupy the Co-6<em>c</em> site. Except for V and Cu, all other elements effectively improve the structural stability of the doped systems. Additionally, Mn and Fe doping can significantly enhance the total magnetic moment and magnetocrystalline anisotropy energies of the Sm₂Co₁₇ system, while Cr only increases the total magnetic moment. More importantly, doping with Cr, Mn and Fe within the doping content range of 9.8 at% &lt; <em>x</em> &lt; 35.29 at% can simultaneously improve the structural stability, total magnetic moment and magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy of the Sm₂Co₁₇ system. Our study provides valuable theoretical guidance for experimental exploration and is expected to promote the development and application of novel rare-earth permanent magnetic materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16940,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rare Earths","volume":"43 12","pages":"Pages 2682-2689"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145594827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Ce3+ and Tb3+ ions substitution on structural, optical, dielectric, and electrical properties of Ca0.95Y0.05Fe12O19 M-type hexaferrite","authors":"Jayashri Mahapatro,&nbsp;Sadhana Agrawal","doi":"10.1016/j.jre.2024.12.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jre.2024.12.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Here, the effect of cerium and terbium ions substitution on structural, optical, dielectric, and electrical properties of Ca_0.95Y_0.05Fe₁₂O₁₉ M-type hexaferrite prepared by solvent free method i.e., auto combustion method was reported. The X-ray diffraction technique was used for the structural examination. The hexagonal structure of the Ca_0.95Y_0.05Ce_<em>x</em>Tb_<em>x</em>Fe_{12–2<em>x</em>}O₁₉ samples is confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern analysis. The crystallite size of the Ca_0.95Y_0.05Ce_<em>x</em>Tb_<em>x</em>Fe_{12–2<em>x</em>}O₁₉ (<em>x</em> = 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0) samples ranges from 28.37 to 39.12 nm. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra confirm the lattice vibration at the octahedral and tetrahedral sites. The strong emission peaks of 3.40 eV are seen at 364 nm. It is found that photoluminescence intensity reduces with Ce-Tb substitution, which is associated with a reduction in electron–hole recombination. In the temperature range of room temperature (23 °C) to 200 °C, the dielectric constant, dielectric loss, and AC conductivity were computed over a broad frequency range of 10²–10⁵ Hz. Maxwell–Wagner's two-layer model explains the frequency dependent dielectric behaviour of the Ca_0.95Y_0.05Ce_<em>x</em>Tb_<em>x</em>Fe_{12–2<em>x</em>}O₁₉ samples. The dielectric constant increases for the Ca_0.95Y_0.05Ce_<em>x</em>Tb_<em>x</em>Fe_{12–2<em>x</em>}O₁₉ samples as the Ce-Tb concentration increases up to <em>x</em> = 1.0, and with further increasing the Ce³⁺ and Tb³⁺ ions up to <em>x</em> = 2.0 the dielectric constant decreases. All of the Ca_0.95Y_0.05Ce_<em>x</em>Tb_<em>x</em>Fe_{12–2<em>x</em>}O₁₉ samples exhibit non-Debye type relaxation behaviour, according to the impedance measurement. The substitution of Ce³⁺ and Tb³⁺ ions reduces the grain boundary density, resulting in the low values of the impedance at the grain boundaries. It is found that the multiple hopping conduction process is the main mechanism in the Ca_0.95Y_0.05Ce_<em>x</em>Tb_<em>x</em>Fe_{12–2<em>x</em>}O₁₉ compounds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16940,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rare Earths","volume":"43 12","pages":"Pages 2758-2765"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145594905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-thermal-conductivity YAGG:Ce color converters on AlN substrate enabling high power and superior luminance in static and dynamic reflective laser illumination","authors":"Jiaying Zheng ,&nbsp;Jiao Liu ,&nbsp;Gaohong Wu ,&nbsp;Tengfei Tian ,&nbsp;Haitao Wang ,&nbsp;Jie Li ,&nbsp;Weiwei Huan ,&nbsp;Xiaojuan Liang ,&nbsp;Weidong Xiang","doi":"10.1016/j.jre.2024.12.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jre.2024.12.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phosphor-in-glass (PiG) films have emerged as the preferred conversion materials for high-brightness laser-driven lighting due to their excellent thermal conductivity and superior optical performance. Screen printing technology was employed to investigate the correlation between the reflective layer thickness and light conversion efficiency. A multilayer-structured Y₃Al_3.5Ga_1.5O₁₂:Ce³⁺ (YAGG:Ce)-PiG-TiO₂-aluminium nitride (AlN) film (YG-TAF) converter was constructed by efficiently coupling the optimal thickness of the reflective layer with the PiG layer and the AlN substrate. Notably, the YG-TAF shows an impressive thermal conductivity of 22.6 W/(m·K) and a maximum anti-laser power of 15.84 W, demonstrating superb thermal regulation capability. This anti-laser power of 15.84 W represents a breakthrough in current static laser performance research. Impressively, an YG-TAF phosphor color wheel was designed, which achieves an ultra-high-brightness 4375 lm of green light under 450 nm, 88 W laser power excitation, close to that of commercial phosphor silicone color wheels. This advancement not only demonstrates the excellent performance of YG-TAF in high-brightness dynamic reflective laser applications but also indicates its strong feasibility for practical implementation. Furthermore, the developed YAGG:Ce-Y_1.31Ce_0.09Gd_1.6Al₅O₁₂-TAF spliced phosphor color wheel successfully mitigates the influence of photon reabsorption and achieves a color rendering index of 80.5, showing great potential for advancement of the field of reflective white light laser illumination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16940,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rare Earths","volume":"43 12","pages":"Pages 2629-2636"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145594823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electronic, magnetic, optical, and thermoelectric properties of rare earth-based CaCe2(S/Se)4 spinels for spintronic and energy harvesting applications","authors":"A. Qadoos ,&nbsp;Muhammad Rashid ,&nbsp;Noura Dawas Alkhaldi ,&nbsp;Nadi Mlihan Alresheedi ,&nbsp;Imed Boukhris ,&nbsp;Q. Mahmood ,&nbsp;M.N. Nasir","doi":"10.1016/j.jre.2025.02.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jre.2025.02.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spinels are an emerging class of advanced technological materials for spintronic, energy harvesting, and water-splitting applications. In this work, we explored the electronic, magnetic, optical, and transport properties of CaCe₂(S/Se)₄ by density functional theory based on the Wien2k code. The energy released during optimization in ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic states confirms that the ferromagnetic state is stable, which is further verified by negative formation energy. Heisenberg model and density of states report the Curie temperature and spin polarization. Half metallic ferromagnetism (HMF) regarding hybridization, crystal fields, exchange energies, and double exchange mechanisms is discussed. The transfer of magnetic moments from Ce to Ca and S/Se and interstitial sites ensure the role of spin of electrons rather than clustering. Moreover, the optical properties are addressed by dielectric constants, absorption, refraction, and optical loss. The first absorption peaks exist in infrared zone; others fall in visible to ultraviolet zones. The spin-up (↑) and spin-down (↓) channel thermoelectric factors combine and report the performance by conductivities, Seebeck coefficient, and power factor. Therefore, the studied materials' optical and thermoelectric behaviours will allow researchers to realize them for technological applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16940,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rare Earths","volume":"43 12","pages":"Pages 2711-2721"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145594898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic/fluorescent multi-functional PGMA@Fe3O4@SiO2@SiO2-Eu microspheres: A strategy of partitioning europium complex and Fe3O4 nanoparticles","authors":"Tianhao Xia ,&nbsp;Yuwen Yuan ,&nbsp;Yunpeng Wang ,&nbsp;Pragati Awasthi ,&nbsp;Wenkun Dong ,&nbsp;Xusheng Qiao ,&nbsp;Dong Chen ,&nbsp;Shisheng Ling ,&nbsp;Xianping Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.jre.2024.12.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jre.2024.12.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span>This study aims to advance the development of magnetic fluorescent polymer microspheres<span> for biomedical detection applications. Conventionally, dopants have utilized europium(III) (Eu(III)) organic complexes due to their high compatibility with polymers and strong fluorescence. However, as the common magnetic material Fe</span></span>₃O₄<span> can quench their fluorescence, it is hard to synthesize Eu complex-doped magnetic fluorescent materials. To maintain fluorescence in the presence of magnetic parts, in this work, we synthesized Eu-doped magnetic microspheres<span> with multi-layered structure. Firstly, poly-(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) microspheres were prepared as templates and subsequently coated with layers of Fe</span></span>₃O₄ and SiO₂. Then, the synthesized Eu(TTA)₃(TPPO)₂ were added into PGMA@Fe₃O₄@SiO₂<span> microspheres in either basic or acidic conditions, and covered them with an extra sol–gel layer of silica at the same time. The microspheres exhibit a core–shell structure with sub-micron dimensions (580 nm) and possess favorable superparamagnetic properties (</span><em>M</em>_s = 22.02 A⋅m²/kg, <em>M</em>_r = 1.37 A⋅m²/kg, <em>H</em>_c = 0.242 A/m). But the fluorescence of Eu³⁺ are significantly quenched by Fe₃O₄<span>, O–H oscillators, and N–H oscillators. Finally, to exclude the quenching mentioned above, the first pure SiO</span>₂ shielding layer and the second Eu(TTA)₃(TPPO)₂-dispersed SiO₂ layer were coated onto PGMA@Fe₃O₄ microspheres to prevent the energy transfer due to the quenching centers and hold the fluorescence of Eu³⁺. These findings underscore the considerable potential of these microspheres exhibiting rapid magnetic separation and stable fluorescence for bioimaging and biosensing applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16940,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rare Earths","volume":"43 12","pages":"Pages 2722-2731"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145594900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}