Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a chronic disorder categorized by hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance of cells. T2DM can cause many micro or macrovascular complications. Metformin, a biguanides derivative, has multiple benefits except anti-hyperglycemia effect, comprising amelioration blood cholesterol levels, blood pressure and depressing vascular complications accompanied with T2DM. It is proposed that metformin act via adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) -dependent or -independent approaches. The mechanisms by which metformin regulates glycemic level in T2DM are complex. In addition to its peripheral effects on insulin resistance and glycogenesis, metformin has direct beneficial effect on the beta-cell secretion. A large part of the metabolic advantages of metformin can be related to effects on gastrointestinal glucose uptake and the interaction of metformin with numerous new objects for glucose depressing in the gastrointestinal tract, including the incretin receptors, bile salt transporters and the gut microbiota.
{"title":"Metformin and kidney; overview on current concepts","authors":"H. Nasri","doi":"10.34172/jre.2022.21064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jre.2022.21064","url":null,"abstract":"Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a chronic disorder categorized by hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance of cells. T2DM can cause many micro or macrovascular complications. Metformin, a biguanides derivative, has multiple benefits except anti-hyperglycemia effect, comprising amelioration blood cholesterol levels, blood pressure and depressing vascular complications accompanied with T2DM. It is proposed that metformin act via adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) -dependent or -independent approaches. The mechanisms by which metformin regulates glycemic level in T2DM are complex. In addition to its peripheral effects on insulin resistance and glycogenesis, metformin has direct beneficial effect on the beta-cell secretion. A large part of the metabolic advantages of metformin can be related to effects on gastrointestinal glucose uptake and the interaction of metformin with numerous new objects for glucose depressing in the gastrointestinal tract, including the incretin receptors, bile salt transporters and the gut microbiota.","PeriodicalId":16964,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Renal Endocrinology","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78928586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Hekmat, H. Ghaderi, Mahya Hekmat, Zahra Ansari Aval, S. Mirjafari, R. Tirdad
Intra-pericardial heterotopic thyroid (IPHT) is an incidental finding during open-heart surgery. Although heterotopic thyroid has been reported in different parts of the body, only a few cases of intra-pericardium have been reported so far. In most articles, intracardiac, intrathoracic and heterotopic thymus cases are mistakenly included as IPTH cases A 57-year-old man with a history of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, who was treated 8 years ago and recovered, is now a candidate for surgery due to clear cell renal carcinoma in the left kidney with inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombus tumor that has spread into the right atrium. At the same time, he was operated on by two teams of urology and heart surgery. The patient’s kidney was removed, and then he was subjected to sternotomy by the heart surgery team to remove the thrombus tumor. After opening the pericardium inside the pericardial cavity, a pericardial mass measuring 1×2 ×3 cm, which was connected to the lower surface of the aortic arch by a 1 cm long stalk, was observed. It was resected and sent to pathology laboratory. The rest of the surgery to remove the thrombus tumor from inside the right atrium and IVC continued according to the procedure. The pathological report was benign thyroid tissue. Actual cases of IPTH are underreported, and due to the small number, it is not yet possible to comment on the prevalence of malignancy in it or its functional role; However any lesion or abnormal mass in the pericardial cavity should be respected and sent to pathology laboratory therefore by collecting information about these masses, in the future, decisions can be made and summarized.
{"title":"Introducing a very rare case of intra-pericardial thyroid tissue with blood supply from the aortic arch in a patient with renal cell carcinoma: A case report and review of the literature","authors":"M. Hekmat, H. Ghaderi, Mahya Hekmat, Zahra Ansari Aval, S. Mirjafari, R. Tirdad","doi":"10.34172/jre.2022.24065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jre.2022.24065","url":null,"abstract":"Intra-pericardial heterotopic thyroid (IPHT) is an incidental finding during open-heart surgery. Although heterotopic thyroid has been reported in different parts of the body, only a few cases of intra-pericardium have been reported so far. In most articles, intracardiac, intrathoracic and heterotopic thymus cases are mistakenly included as IPTH cases A 57-year-old man with a history of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, who was treated 8 years ago and recovered, is now a candidate for surgery due to clear cell renal carcinoma in the left kidney with inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombus tumor that has spread into the right atrium. At the same time, he was operated on by two teams of urology and heart surgery. The patient’s kidney was removed, and then he was subjected to sternotomy by the heart surgery team to remove the thrombus tumor. After opening the pericardium inside the pericardial cavity, a pericardial mass measuring 1×2 ×3 cm, which was connected to the lower surface of the aortic arch by a 1 cm long stalk, was observed. It was resected and sent to pathology laboratory. The rest of the surgery to remove the thrombus tumor from inside the right atrium and IVC continued according to the procedure. The pathological report was benign thyroid tissue. Actual cases of IPTH are underreported, and due to the small number, it is not yet possible to comment on the prevalence of malignancy in it or its functional role; However any lesion or abnormal mass in the pericardial cavity should be respected and sent to pathology laboratory therefore by collecting information about these masses, in the future, decisions can be made and summarized.","PeriodicalId":16964,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Renal Endocrinology","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79891916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Low doses of ketamine can cause an antagonistic effect on NMDA-receptors by blocking the magnesium-gated channels. Several studies demonstrated the effect of ketamine in improving the analgesia using opioids, however, obese people reported different reactions to this problem. Objectives: This study seeks to answer the following question: Does adding ketamine to morphine in a patient-controlled intravenous analgesia pump (PCIA) after orthopedic surgeries help better management of postoperative pain in obese patients? Patient and Methods: This double-blinded clinical trial involved 60 obese (body mass of higher than 30 kg/m²) lower limb orthopedic surgery candidates at Shohada hospital (Tabriz, Iran). The participants were randomly categorized into three groups. In group M, 20 mg morphine sulfate, in group MK1 100 mg ketamine + 20 mg morphine sulfate, and in group MK2 200 mg ketamine+10 mg morphine sulfate was added to the analgesia pump. Pain intensity (VAS), sedation score (Ramsay Scale), as well as nausea and vomiting (N&V score) were compared among different groups at 12, 24, 36, and 48 hours after the operation. Results: Group M manifested a significantly higher pain intensity than two other groups during all examined times, and group MK2 demonstrated a significantly lower pain intensity than other groups. In the course of the research, the amount of opioid consumption in group MK2 was significantly lower than in the other groups. Conclusion: The addition of a low dose of ketamine to morphine in the PCIA pump after orthopedic surgeries in obese patients results in proper postoperative pain management. Trial Registration: The trial protocol was approved in the Iranian registry of clinical trial (identifier: IRCT2017101636822N1, https://www. irct.ir/trial/27429, ethical code; IR.TBZMED.REC.1400.820).
{"title":"Does adding ketamine to morphine in a patient-controlled intravenous analgesia pump after orthopedic surgeries help better management of postoperative pain in obese patients? A double-blinded clinical trial","authors":"A. Moradi, N. Abedini","doi":"10.34172/jre.2022.17076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jre.2022.17076","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Low doses of ketamine can cause an antagonistic effect on NMDA-receptors by blocking the magnesium-gated channels. Several studies demonstrated the effect of ketamine in improving the analgesia using opioids, however, obese people reported different reactions to this problem. Objectives: This study seeks to answer the following question: Does adding ketamine to morphine in a patient-controlled intravenous analgesia pump (PCIA) after orthopedic surgeries help better management of postoperative pain in obese patients? Patient and Methods: This double-blinded clinical trial involved 60 obese (body mass of higher than 30 kg/m²) lower limb orthopedic surgery candidates at Shohada hospital (Tabriz, Iran). The participants were randomly categorized into three groups. In group M, 20 mg morphine sulfate, in group MK1 100 mg ketamine + 20 mg morphine sulfate, and in group MK2 200 mg ketamine+10 mg morphine sulfate was added to the analgesia pump. Pain intensity (VAS), sedation score (Ramsay Scale), as well as nausea and vomiting (N&V score) were compared among different groups at 12, 24, 36, and 48 hours after the operation. Results: Group M manifested a significantly higher pain intensity than two other groups during all examined times, and group MK2 demonstrated a significantly lower pain intensity than other groups. In the course of the research, the amount of opioid consumption in group MK2 was significantly lower than in the other groups. Conclusion: The addition of a low dose of ketamine to morphine in the PCIA pump after orthopedic surgeries in obese patients results in proper postoperative pain management. Trial Registration: The trial protocol was approved in the Iranian registry of clinical trial (identifier: IRCT2017101636822N1, https://www. irct.ir/trial/27429, ethical code; IR.TBZMED.REC.1400.820).","PeriodicalId":16964,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Renal Endocrinology","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77811733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Sickle cell anemia (SCA) exhibits a host of complications that contribute to increased morbidity and mortality at the youngest ages. Objectives: The aim of this investigation is to look into the association between ACE I/D polymorphism and renal function in Indian patients with SCA. Patients and Methods: About 190 SCA patients confirmed by hemoglobin (Hb) electrophoresis were selected for this study. The severity of the disease was determined using anemia, clinical complications, total white blood cells count, and scores of blood transfusion. To define different renal function phases, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was computed in adults and children using the CKD-EPI (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration) and Schwartz equations respectively. The ACE I/D polymorphism was conducted using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and separation through agarose electrophoresis. Results: The risk of impaired renal function was not statistically distinct between ACE I/D genotypes and alleles. Further, the genotypes of ACE I/D and the risk of disease severity was not found to be associated with each other. Conclusion: This investigation found that ACE I/D is an insignificant genetic modifier of renal function or severity of disease in patients with SCA.
{"title":"ACE I/D polymorphism is not a genetic modifier of renal features in sickle cell anemia patients","authors":"L. Bhaskar, S. Pattnaik","doi":"10.34172/jre.2022.17069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jre.2022.17069","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Sickle cell anemia (SCA) exhibits a host of complications that contribute to increased morbidity and mortality at the youngest ages. Objectives: The aim of this investigation is to look into the association between ACE I/D polymorphism and renal function in Indian patients with SCA. Patients and Methods: About 190 SCA patients confirmed by hemoglobin (Hb) electrophoresis were selected for this study. The severity of the disease was determined using anemia, clinical complications, total white blood cells count, and scores of blood transfusion. To define different renal function phases, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was computed in adults and children using the CKD-EPI (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration) and Schwartz equations respectively. The ACE I/D polymorphism was conducted using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and separation through agarose electrophoresis. Results: The risk of impaired renal function was not statistically distinct between ACE I/D genotypes and alleles. Further, the genotypes of ACE I/D and the risk of disease severity was not found to be associated with each other. Conclusion: This investigation found that ACE I/D is an insignificant genetic modifier of renal function or severity of disease in patients with SCA.","PeriodicalId":16964,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Renal Endocrinology","volume":"178 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73011248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The consequences of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) infection vary among persons, while some individuals are at high risk. Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and COVID-19 necessitate particular attention. SLE cases may be at particular risk for SARS-CoV-2 due to their dysregulated immune system and immunosuppressive treatments. Organ injury and administration of systemic glucocorticoids and other immunosuppressive agents are the risk factors for severe SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, SLE is not uncommon and could be severe in some ethnicities like African and Hispanic individuals and may be accompanied by poor outcomes of SARS-CoV-2. Thus, knowledge of the triggering immune response and therapeutic modalities in SLE and SARS-CoV-2 is necessary to guide treatment of this serious infectious disease in the background of SLE and vice versa.
{"title":"COVID-19 in systemic lupus erythematosus; a mini-review on current knowledge","authors":"Mahsa Rafieian, H. Nasri, Yassamin Rabiei","doi":"10.34172/jre.2022.21063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jre.2022.21063","url":null,"abstract":"The consequences of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) infection vary among persons, while some individuals are at high risk. Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and COVID-19 necessitate particular attention. SLE cases may be at particular risk for SARS-CoV-2 due to their dysregulated immune system and immunosuppressive treatments. Organ injury and administration of systemic glucocorticoids and other immunosuppressive agents are the risk factors for severe SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, SLE is not uncommon and could be severe in some ethnicities like African and Hispanic individuals and may be accompanied by poor outcomes of SARS-CoV-2. Thus, knowledge of the triggering immune response and therapeutic modalities in SLE and SARS-CoV-2 is necessary to guide treatment of this serious infectious disease in the background of SLE and vice versa.","PeriodicalId":16964,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Renal Endocrinology","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74507404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the progressive loss of kidney function. Prevalence of every stage of CKD is rising over the period with increasing number of diabetic, hypertensive and elderly population. It is becoming a problem of epidemic proportions in India. Objectives: Comparison of the survival function of CKD patients with different disease stages criticality grouped on the basis of gender, diabetes and hypertension. Patients and Methods: The retrospective data of 117 patients suffering from CKD during the period March 2006 to October 2016 is used. In the present study, log-rank, Gehan-Wilcoxon, Tarone-Ware, Peto-Peto, modified Peto-Peto and tests belonging to Fleming-Harrington test family with different (p, q) values are applied to test the statistical significance of the difference between two survival functions under different conditions. The parametric test has also been applied to compare the survival time distribution of two groups. Results: Kaplan-Meier method and survival comparison tests suggest no difference between survival experiences of the two groups namely female and male on the basis of grouping variable gender. However, in simulation study as we increase the sample size it is observed that it affects more women than men especially in stage 3 of CKD patients. The survival functions of two groups of CKD patients based on diabetes and hypertension differ significantly. Conclusion: The survival experiences of two groups of CKD patients based on the grouping variables diabetes and hypertension differ significantly on the basis of real data and simulation study. The grouping variable gender as a significant factor becomes evident only when large samples are generated under simulation study
{"title":"On the comparison of survival curves of two groups of chronic kidney disease patients based on progressively censored data","authors":"Shrawan Kumar","doi":"10.34172/jre.2022.16062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jre.2022.16062","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the progressive loss of kidney function. Prevalence of every stage of CKD is rising over the period with increasing number of diabetic, hypertensive and elderly population. It is becoming a problem of epidemic proportions in India. Objectives: Comparison of the survival function of CKD patients with different disease stages criticality grouped on the basis of gender, diabetes and hypertension. Patients and Methods: The retrospective data of 117 patients suffering from CKD during the period March 2006 to October 2016 is used. In the present study, log-rank, Gehan-Wilcoxon, Tarone-Ware, Peto-Peto, modified Peto-Peto and tests belonging to Fleming-Harrington test family with different (p, q) values are applied to test the statistical significance of the difference between two survival functions under different conditions. The parametric test has also been applied to compare the survival time distribution of two groups. Results: Kaplan-Meier method and survival comparison tests suggest no difference between survival experiences of the two groups namely female and male on the basis of grouping variable gender. However, in simulation study as we increase the sample size it is observed that it affects more women than men especially in stage 3 of CKD patients. The survival functions of two groups of CKD patients based on diabetes and hypertension differ significantly. Conclusion: The survival experiences of two groups of CKD patients based on the grouping variables diabetes and hypertension differ significantly on the basis of real data and simulation study. The grouping variable gender as a significant factor becomes evident only when large samples are generated under simulation study","PeriodicalId":16964,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Renal Endocrinology","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88558264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: The various factors affecting the incidence of post-spinal anesthesia low back pain and headache, such as high body mass index (BMI), the anesthesiologist’s expertise, and spinal needle gauge, make it impossible to adequately plan preventive measures. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the risk factors for post-spinal anesthesia headache and low back pain after orthopedic lower limb surgery in obese patients in Shohada hospital of Tabriz, Iran. Patients and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional and prospective study was conducted on 200 obese candidates for lower limb surgery under spinal anesthesia in 2019. An anesthesiologist used a 25-gauge needle to induct spinal anesthesia for evaluating the incidence of post-spinal anesthesia headache, low back pain, and their risk factors. Results: The incidence of post-spinal anesthesia headache in obese participants was 6.5% on the first day, 3.5% in the first week, and 1% in the first month; whereas the incidence of low back pain was 16% on the first day, 9% in the first week, and 3.5% in the first month. Postoperative headache and low back pain exhibited a significant correlation with the history of spinal anesthesia and low back pain; therefore, they were found as the main risk factors for these complications. Conclusion: This study found lower post-spinal anesthesia headache and low back pain than in previous studies, which decreased further over time. Skilled anesthesiologists are recommended to use a small-gauge needle to induct spinal anesthesia to participants with a history of spinal anesthesia and low back pain.
{"title":"Risk factors for post-spinal anesthesia headache and low back pain after orthopedic lower limb surgery in obese patients in Shohada hospital of Tabriz","authors":"A. Moradi, N. Abedini","doi":"10.34172/jre.2022.17075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jre.2022.17075","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The various factors affecting the incidence of post-spinal anesthesia low back pain and headache, such as high body mass index (BMI), the anesthesiologist’s expertise, and spinal needle gauge, make it impossible to adequately plan preventive measures. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the risk factors for post-spinal anesthesia headache and low back pain after orthopedic lower limb surgery in obese patients in Shohada hospital of Tabriz, Iran. Patients and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional and prospective study was conducted on 200 obese candidates for lower limb surgery under spinal anesthesia in 2019. An anesthesiologist used a 25-gauge needle to induct spinal anesthesia for evaluating the incidence of post-spinal anesthesia headache, low back pain, and their risk factors. Results: The incidence of post-spinal anesthesia headache in obese participants was 6.5% on the first day, 3.5% in the first week, and 1% in the first month; whereas the incidence of low back pain was 16% on the first day, 9% in the first week, and 3.5% in the first month. Postoperative headache and low back pain exhibited a significant correlation with the history of spinal anesthesia and low back pain; therefore, they were found as the main risk factors for these complications. Conclusion: This study found lower post-spinal anesthesia headache and low back pain than in previous studies, which decreased further over time. Skilled anesthesiologists are recommended to use a small-gauge needle to induct spinal anesthesia to participants with a history of spinal anesthesia and low back pain.","PeriodicalId":16964,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Renal Endocrinology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72682964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The outbreak of COVID -19 has become an important health concern with diverse complications. Based on previous studies, women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at a higher risk of COVID -19. Although numerous investigations have assessed the epidemiological and clinical aspects of this virus in pregnancy, few articles have clearly emphasized the role of COVID-19 in increasing the risk of GDM. In this narrative review, we aimed to assess the relationship between COVID-19 and GDM.
{"title":"The association between COVID-19 and gestational diabetes mellitus: A narrative review","authors":"A. Hassanzadeh Rad, Amirhossein Fakhre Yaseri","doi":"10.34172/jre.2022.17062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jre.2022.17062","url":null,"abstract":"The outbreak of COVID -19 has become an important health concern with diverse complications. Based on previous studies, women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at a higher risk of COVID -19. Although numerous investigations have assessed the epidemiological and clinical aspects of this virus in pregnancy, few articles have clearly emphasized the role of COVID-19 in increasing the risk of GDM. In this narrative review, we aimed to assess the relationship between COVID-19 and GDM.","PeriodicalId":16964,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Renal Endocrinology","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74070145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Nouryazdan, M. Yazdi, Asma Alekasir, Samaneh Pakravan
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene encodes ACE, an enzyme of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) that plays a significant role in homeostasis and control of blood pressure. It seems that genetic variations can affect ACE function and cause atherosclerosis, one of the most common diseases worldwide, especially in developed countries and one of the leading causes of death in these countries. The presence of ACE insertion/deletion (I/D) affect the function of ACE. This polymorphism can lead to progression of atherosclerosis in some population. Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), Google Scholar and PubMed of the most common diseases worldwide. Additionally, EBSCO and Web of Science have been searched. In this review, we studied the effects of ACE I/D polymorphism in various populations and its influence on the risk of onset and progression of atherosclerosis. Depending on the population and the area under study, polymorphisms can contribute to the risk of disease.
血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)基因编码ACE, ACE是肾素-血管紧张素系统(RAS)中的一种酶，在体内平衡和血压控制中起重要作用。遗传变异似乎可以影响ACE功能并导致动脉粥样硬化，这是世界上最常见的疾病之一，特别是在发达国家，也是这些国家死亡的主要原因之一。ACE的插入/删除(I/D)影响ACE的功能。在某些人群中，这种多态性可导致动脉粥样硬化的进展。开放获取期刊目录(DOAJ)，谷歌学术和PubMed全球最常见疾病。此外，还搜索了EBSCO和Web of Science。在这篇综述中，我们研究了ACE I/D多态性在不同人群中的作用及其对动脉粥样硬化发生和进展风险的影响。根据所研究的人群和地区的不同，多态性可能会增加患病的风险。
{"title":"Genetics association of renin-angiotensin system with atherosclerosis","authors":"N. Nouryazdan, M. Yazdi, Asma Alekasir, Samaneh Pakravan","doi":"10.34172/jre.2022.16061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jre.2022.16061","url":null,"abstract":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene encodes ACE, an enzyme of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) that plays a significant role in homeostasis and control of blood pressure. It seems that genetic variations can affect ACE function and cause atherosclerosis, one of the most common diseases worldwide, especially in developed countries and one of the leading causes of death in these countries. The presence of ACE insertion/deletion (I/D) affect the function of ACE. This polymorphism can lead to progression of atherosclerosis in some population. Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), Google Scholar and PubMed of the most common diseases worldwide. Additionally, EBSCO and Web of Science have been searched. In this review, we studied the effects of ACE I/D polymorphism in various populations and its influence on the risk of onset and progression of atherosclerosis. Depending on the population and the area under study, polymorphisms can contribute to the risk of disease.","PeriodicalId":16964,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Renal Endocrinology","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84812589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Rafieian-kopaei, R. Eskandarian, E. Bijad, Majid Banitalebi, Mohammad Rahimi-Madiseh
Introduction: Free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) as oxidants are important concerns in medicine due to their adversative effects and risk of carcinogenicity. Antioxidants can neutralize free radicals and ROS thus possesses protective effect on the body. Plants are rich sources of natural antioxidants and phenolic compounds are among the most important antioxidants in the plants; therefore, many studies have investigated their protective effects. Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate and compare the number of flavonoids, flavonols, and total phenolic compounds in 10 commonly used medicinal plants in Iran. Materials and Methods: Extraction was performed using 70% ethanol solvent. The extracts were concentrated by rotary evaporator at 40°C. Folin-Ciocalteu method was used to measure the amount of phenol. The amount of flavonol was measured using 2% aluminum chloride and 5% sodium acetate. In addition, to determine the flavonoid compounds, 2% aluminum chloride and 5% potassium acetate was used. Results: The outcomes of this study disclosed that the studied plants had reasonably high quantities of flavonoid and phenolic compounds. The uppermost amount of phenolic compounds was detected in the myrtle plant (62.7 mg/g), and the lowermost amounts were detected in fig leaves and lemon balm. Moreover, the highest amount of flavonoid compounds was detected in ginger, myrobalan, and myrtle; the measured amounts of flavonoid compounds in the mentioned plants were 42.49, 32.15, and 34.38 mg/g, respectively. The highest amount of phenolic compound was detected in hydroalcoholic extract of barberry. Conclusion: Hydroalcoholic extract of ginger, barberry, fig leaves, rhubarb, myrobalan, walnut diaphragm, pomegranate peel, lemon balm, cardamom, and myrtle had great quantities of phenolic, flavonol, and flavonoid compounds. As a result, these herbal plants can be considered and used as an important source of natural antioxidants.
{"title":"In vitro evaluation of the amount of flavonoids, flavanols, and total phenolic compounds in 10 medicinal plants used in Iran; focus on diabetes and kidney diseases","authors":"M. Rafieian-kopaei, R. Eskandarian, E. Bijad, Majid Banitalebi, Mohammad Rahimi-Madiseh","doi":"10.34172/jre.2022.21068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jre.2022.21068","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) as oxidants are important concerns in medicine due to their adversative effects and risk of carcinogenicity. Antioxidants can neutralize free radicals and ROS thus possesses protective effect on the body. Plants are rich sources of natural antioxidants and phenolic compounds are among the most important antioxidants in the plants; therefore, many studies have investigated their protective effects. Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate and compare the number of flavonoids, flavonols, and total phenolic compounds in 10 commonly used medicinal plants in Iran. Materials and Methods: Extraction was performed using 70% ethanol solvent. The extracts were concentrated by rotary evaporator at 40°C. Folin-Ciocalteu method was used to measure the amount of phenol. The amount of flavonol was measured using 2% aluminum chloride and 5% sodium acetate. In addition, to determine the flavonoid compounds, 2% aluminum chloride and 5% potassium acetate was used. Results: The outcomes of this study disclosed that the studied plants had reasonably high quantities of flavonoid and phenolic compounds. The uppermost amount of phenolic compounds was detected in the myrtle plant (62.7 mg/g), and the lowermost amounts were detected in fig leaves and lemon balm. Moreover, the highest amount of flavonoid compounds was detected in ginger, myrobalan, and myrtle; the measured amounts of flavonoid compounds in the mentioned plants were 42.49, 32.15, and 34.38 mg/g, respectively. The highest amount of phenolic compound was detected in hydroalcoholic extract of barberry. Conclusion: Hydroalcoholic extract of ginger, barberry, fig leaves, rhubarb, myrobalan, walnut diaphragm, pomegranate peel, lemon balm, cardamom, and myrtle had great quantities of phenolic, flavonol, and flavonoid compounds. As a result, these herbal plants can be considered and used as an important source of natural antioxidants.","PeriodicalId":16964,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Renal Endocrinology","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83234625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：