Background & Aims : The gallbladder and biliary tract are structures that are in close proximity to the adjacent organs and can exhibit a variety of anomalies and anatomic variations. However, the literature on morphological variations of the gallbladder and their prevalence are limited. This study aims to identify various anatomical variations in gallbladder shape and position that should be considered for clinical implications, investigative procedures, radiological studies, surgical interventions, embryological explanations, and comparative anatomy. Aim of this study is to study the morphology of gallbladder in cadavers. Materials & Methods: This study was done on 100 cadaveric liver and gallbladder specimens available in the Department of Anatomy, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Kolar, India. Parameters such as maximum transverse diameter and maximum length were measured with help of metallic tape. Each specimen was studied for morphological variations. The observations were tabulated and analysed statistically. Results: Gallbaladder samples had length ranging between 3.3 and 12 cm, transverse diameter between 2.0 and 5.0 cm. The commonest shape observed in this study was pear shaped in 84% of cases. The length of gallbladder below the inferior border of liver varied between 0.4 and 2.5 cm. Conclusion: The anatomic variations of the gallbladder and biliary tract are critical during their surgical procedures. The present study describes the different anatomic variations of human gallbladder and its clinical importance. This study will greatly assist surgeons in understanding the possible morphology of the gallbladder.
{"title":"Morphometric Study of Gallbladder in Cadavers","authors":"Divya C, Ashwini. N.S, Sridevi N.S","doi":"10.52547/rabms.8.1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/rabms.8.1.8","url":null,"abstract":"Background & Aims : The gallbladder and biliary tract are structures that are in close proximity to the adjacent organs and can exhibit a variety of anomalies and anatomic variations. However, the literature on morphological variations of the gallbladder and their prevalence are limited. This study aims to identify various anatomical variations in gallbladder shape and position that should be considered for clinical implications, investigative procedures, radiological studies, surgical interventions, embryological explanations, and comparative anatomy. Aim of this study is to study the morphology of gallbladder in cadavers. Materials & Methods: This study was done on 100 cadaveric liver and gallbladder specimens available in the Department of Anatomy, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Kolar, India. Parameters such as maximum transverse diameter and maximum length were measured with help of metallic tape. Each specimen was studied for morphological variations. The observations were tabulated and analysed statistically. Results: Gallbaladder samples had length ranging between 3.3 and 12 cm, transverse diameter between 2.0 and 5.0 cm. The commonest shape observed in this study was pear shaped in 84% of cases. The length of gallbladder below the inferior border of liver varied between 0.4 and 2.5 cm. Conclusion: The anatomic variations of the gallbladder and biliary tract are critical during their surgical procedures. The present study describes the different anatomic variations of human gallbladder and its clinical importance. This study will greatly assist surgeons in understanding the possible morphology of the gallbladder.","PeriodicalId":16970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Applied and Basic Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76874280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
satyam soni, D. Thakur, R. Kothari, A. Verma, U. Somashekar, D. Sharma
Background & Aims : Enterostomy reversal and fascial defect cause weakness in the abdominal wall and may lead to formation of incisional hernia. Literature says that placement of synthetic mesh in dirty/contaminated wound causes high chances of surgical site infection (SSI) and mesh related complications. This dogma is now challenged. Present study was conducted to evaluate outcome of the placement of synthetic non-absorbable mesh after enterostomy closure in terms of SSI and incisional hernia. Materials & Methods: This prospective case-control study was conducted in the department of General surgery Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose (NSCB) medical college, Jabalpur, between 1 st December 2018 to 30 th September 2020. All patients of age >18 years with ileostomy/colostomy undergoing enterostomy reversal were included. Outcomes noted for wound infection/dehiscence, mesh related complications, its removal, and development of incisional hernia. Results: Total 60 patients were included in this study. Out of which, 30 (23 loop ileostomy, 5 double barrel ileostomy, and 2 colostomy) were taken as the case; where polypropylene mesh was placed (9 sublay and 21 onlay). 30 others (28 loop ileostomy, 1 double barrel ileostomy, and 1 colostomy) were taken as control where mesh was not placed after stoma closure. SSI was significantly lower in mesh placed group than non-mesh placed group (16.6% vs. 40%; P=0.019). Use of mesh was associated with slightly better outcomes but not significant in terms of rate of wound dehiscence (3.3% vs. 6.7%; Z=0.59; P=0.554) and incisional hernia (0 vs 6.7%; p= 0.492) in mesh and non-mesh groups, respectively. Mesh removal for chronic infection was not required in any case. Conclusion: Placement of permanent synthetic polypropylene mesh at the site of enter ostomy closure for prevention of incisional hernia can be done safely without fear of having increased risk of SSI and need of mesh removal.
背景与目的:肠造口反转和筋膜缺损引起腹壁无力，可能导致切口疝的形成。文献表明，在肮脏/污染的伤口中放置合成补片会导致手术部位感染(SSI)和补片相关并发症的高风险。这一教条现在受到了挑战。本研究旨在评价小肠造口闭合后放置合成不可吸收补片治疗SSI和切口疝的效果。材料与方法:本前瞻性病例对照研究于2018年12月1日至2020年9月30日在贾巴尔布尔的Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose (NSCB)医学院普通外科进行。所有年龄>18岁的回肠造口/结肠造口患者均接受肠造口逆转。结果注意到伤口感染/裂开，补片相关并发症，其移除和切口疝的发展。结果:本研究共纳入60例患者。其中环形回肠造瘘23例，双桶式回肠造瘘5例，结肠造瘘2例;其中放置聚丙烯网(9个地下网和21个上网)。对照组30例(回肠环形造口术28例，双桶式回肠造口术1例，结肠造口术1例)，造口后不放置补片。放置补片组SSI明显低于未放置补片组(16.6% vs. 40%;P = 0.019)。使用补片与稍好的结果相关，但在伤口裂开率方面不显著(3.3% vs. 6.7%;Z = 0.59;P=0.554)和切口疝(0 vs 6.7%;P = 0.492)。在任何情况下，慢性感染都不需要移除补片。结论:永久性合成聚丙烯补片放置在切口疝的入口口关闭部位，可以安全完成，无需担心增加SSI的风险和需要移除补片。
{"title":"Challenging the existent dogma - synthetic mesh placement in enterostomy closure","authors":"satyam soni, D. Thakur, R. Kothari, A. Verma, U. Somashekar, D. Sharma","doi":"10.52547/rabms.8.1.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/rabms.8.1.19","url":null,"abstract":"Background & Aims : Enterostomy reversal and fascial defect cause weakness in the abdominal wall and may lead to formation of incisional hernia. Literature says that placement of synthetic mesh in dirty/contaminated wound causes high chances of surgical site infection (SSI) and mesh related complications. This dogma is now challenged. Present study was conducted to evaluate outcome of the placement of synthetic non-absorbable mesh after enterostomy closure in terms of SSI and incisional hernia. Materials & Methods: This prospective case-control study was conducted in the department of General surgery Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose (NSCB) medical college, Jabalpur, between 1 st December 2018 to 30 th September 2020. All patients of age >18 years with ileostomy/colostomy undergoing enterostomy reversal were included. Outcomes noted for wound infection/dehiscence, mesh related complications, its removal, and development of incisional hernia. Results: Total 60 patients were included in this study. Out of which, 30 (23 loop ileostomy, 5 double barrel ileostomy, and 2 colostomy) were taken as the case; where polypropylene mesh was placed (9 sublay and 21 onlay). 30 others (28 loop ileostomy, 1 double barrel ileostomy, and 1 colostomy) were taken as control where mesh was not placed after stoma closure. SSI was significantly lower in mesh placed group than non-mesh placed group (16.6% vs. 40%; P=0.019). Use of mesh was associated with slightly better outcomes but not significant in terms of rate of wound dehiscence (3.3% vs. 6.7%; Z=0.59; P=0.554) and incisional hernia (0 vs 6.7%; p= 0.492) in mesh and non-mesh groups, respectively. Mesh removal for chronic infection was not required in any case. Conclusion: Placement of permanent synthetic polypropylene mesh at the site of enter ostomy closure for prevention of incisional hernia can be done safely without fear of having increased risk of SSI and need of mesh removal.","PeriodicalId":16970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Applied and Basic Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78194829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background & Aims : To determine how well the standard criteria were utilized in reporting breast cancer pathology and to compare the variability among a public teaching, a public nonteaching, and a private hospital in Urmia, Iran. Materials & Methods : Three hundred and fifty pathology reports of mastectomy samples with diagnosis of primary breast cancer were retrieved from archives of pathology departments of three hospitals; one public teaching (121 reports), one public nonteaching (99 reports), and one private hospital (130 reports). The reports were assessed for tumor laterality, size, color, consistency, type and grade, sample size, description of prior biopsy site, specimen condition (fresh, or in fixative), number of excised and involved lymph nodes, previous frozen section (FS), surgical margins, lymphovascular invasion, and in situ carcinoma. Results : None of the reports had all the suggested items. Specimen condition was the only item recorded in all of the reports. The teaching hospital reports had significantly higher number of reported items than the two other hospitals (P<0.001). Key items (tumor size, type and grade, surgical margin, vascular invasion, and in situ carcinoma) were also indicated more frequently in teaching hospital (P<0.001). Conclusion : We showed evident variations in reporting breast cancer pathology in the studied different hospitals. It seems that the teaching program in the public-teaching hospital can be a reason for the better results in this hospital. So we suggest using standard universal protocols for cancer reporting as well as creating an effective audit system to evaluate complete utilization of the protocols.
{"title":"Adequacy of Surgical Pathology Reporting of Breast Cancer in Different Hospitals","authors":"Fariba Abbasi, Hushyar Azari, Arefeh Jafarzadeh","doi":"10.52547/rabms.8.1.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/rabms.8.1.28","url":null,"abstract":"Background & Aims : To determine how well the standard criteria were utilized in reporting breast cancer pathology and to compare the variability among a public teaching, a public nonteaching, and a private hospital in Urmia, Iran. Materials & Methods : Three hundred and fifty pathology reports of mastectomy samples with diagnosis of primary breast cancer were retrieved from archives of pathology departments of three hospitals; one public teaching (121 reports), one public nonteaching (99 reports), and one private hospital (130 reports). The reports were assessed for tumor laterality, size, color, consistency, type and grade, sample size, description of prior biopsy site, specimen condition (fresh, or in fixative), number of excised and involved lymph nodes, previous frozen section (FS), surgical margins, lymphovascular invasion, and in situ carcinoma. Results : None of the reports had all the suggested items. Specimen condition was the only item recorded in all of the reports. The teaching hospital reports had significantly higher number of reported items than the two other hospitals (P<0.001). Key items (tumor size, type and grade, surgical margin, vascular invasion, and in situ carcinoma) were also indicated more frequently in teaching hospital (P<0.001). Conclusion : We showed evident variations in reporting breast cancer pathology in the studied different hospitals. It seems that the teaching program in the public-teaching hospital can be a reason for the better results in this hospital. So we suggest using standard universal protocols for cancer reporting as well as creating an effective audit system to evaluate complete utilization of the protocols.","PeriodicalId":16970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Applied and Basic Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73263708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background & Aims : The evolution of SARS-CoV-2 from its inception created a need for phyloepidemiological approaches to provide unanswered questions regarding the viral emergence and evolvement of various mutated strains. Unfortunately, there is an absolute dearth of information on the evolution of the delta variant strain in Nigeria. This study investigated the phyloepidemiology of the delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 in Nigeria. Materials & Methods : A total of 33 complete genomic sequences of the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant (B.1.617.2) from Nigeria, India, United Arab Emirates (UAE), United States of America (USA), Canada, United Kingdom (UK), China, and the reference sequence were retrieved from the GISAID EpiFlu™ on the 11 th of August 2021 . The sequences were selected based on the most visited tourist destinations of Nigerians (USA, UK, China, UAE, India, and Canada). The evolutionary history was inferred using the maximum likelihood method based on the general time-reversible model. Finally, a phylogenetic tree was constructed to determine the common ancestor of each sequence. Results : The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the delta strain in Nigeria clustered in a monophyletic clade with other Nigeria strains with its root from the reference Wuhan sublineage. Nucleotide alignment also showed a 99% similarity indicating a common origin of evolution. Conclusion : Our findings revealed that the current outbreak of the delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Nigeria stemmed from a genetic mutation that shared a consensus similarity with the reference SARS-CoV-2 human genome from Wuhan and was not imported from other countries as widely reported.
{"title":"Phyloevolutionary analysis of delta variant of SARS-CoV 2 in Nigeria","authors":"Emmanuel Irokosu, F. Oladoja","doi":"10.52547/rabms.8.1.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/rabms.8.1.50","url":null,"abstract":"Background & Aims : The evolution of SARS-CoV-2 from its inception created a need for phyloepidemiological approaches to provide unanswered questions regarding the viral emergence and evolvement of various mutated strains. Unfortunately, there is an absolute dearth of information on the evolution of the delta variant strain in Nigeria. This study investigated the phyloepidemiology of the delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 in Nigeria. Materials & Methods : A total of 33 complete genomic sequences of the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant (B.1.617.2) from Nigeria, India, United Arab Emirates (UAE), United States of America (USA), Canada, United Kingdom (UK), China, and the reference sequence were retrieved from the GISAID EpiFlu™ on the 11 th of August 2021 . The sequences were selected based on the most visited tourist destinations of Nigerians (USA, UK, China, UAE, India, and Canada). The evolutionary history was inferred using the maximum likelihood method based on the general time-reversible model. Finally, a phylogenetic tree was constructed to determine the common ancestor of each sequence. Results : The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the delta strain in Nigeria clustered in a monophyletic clade with other Nigeria strains with its root from the reference Wuhan sublineage. Nucleotide alignment also showed a 99% similarity indicating a common origin of evolution. Conclusion : Our findings revealed that the current outbreak of the delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Nigeria stemmed from a genetic mutation that shared a consensus similarity with the reference SARS-CoV-2 human genome from Wuhan and was not imported from other countries as widely reported.","PeriodicalId":16970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Applied and Basic Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76128070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background & Aims : An oral examination is an essential tool of assessment of depth of knowledge and the communication skill of medical students. There are many shortcomings like examiner bias, improper time distribution, gender bias, and many more. Therefore, in the present study we structured oral examination as an assessment tool for Phase -I Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) students in Biochemistry, along with the examiner’s feedback to abate biases. Materials & Methods : Structural viva voce ( SVV) was implemented during 2 nd formative assessment, in the Department of Biochemistry. 150 participants (146 students & 4 faculties/ examiners) were contributed. Participants were sensitized and trained about SVV. All the participants were simultaneously assessed with traditional and structured oral examination without intermixing. Feedback form (based on 4-point Likert scale) via a Google form was collected for both types of the viva, from the participants.. Apposite statistical analysis was done. Results : Analysis of the study depicted the optimistic response of the participant towards the SVV. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.00001) were observed in the marks obtained, stress, time allotment, etc. Examiners also acknowledged that SVV was a better way of taking the oral examination as it reduced the bias and brings uniformity of questions. Conclusion : Although before implementing any new tool in assessment, it is necessary to develop the infrastructure accordingly, sensitization and training of the participants and and preparation of the module prior to the examination, but the results of the current study indicated that SVV should be tried in other subjects of medical education and with the majority of medical colleges of other states.
{"title":"Traditional versus Structural Viva Voce, a Better Tool of Oral Assessment in Biochemistry: An Educational Interventional Study","authors":"Preeti Gupta","doi":"10.52547/rabms.7.4.200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/rabms.7.4.200","url":null,"abstract":"Background & Aims : An oral examination is an essential tool of assessment of depth of knowledge and the communication skill of medical students. There are many shortcomings like examiner bias, improper time distribution, gender bias, and many more. Therefore, in the present study we structured oral examination as an assessment tool for Phase -I Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) students in Biochemistry, along with the examiner’s feedback to abate biases. Materials & Methods : Structural viva voce ( SVV) was implemented during 2 nd formative assessment, in the Department of Biochemistry. 150 participants (146 students & 4 faculties/ examiners) were contributed. Participants were sensitized and trained about SVV. All the participants were simultaneously assessed with traditional and structured oral examination without intermixing. Feedback form (based on 4-point Likert scale) via a Google form was collected for both types of the viva, from the participants.. Apposite statistical analysis was done. Results : Analysis of the study depicted the optimistic response of the participant towards the SVV. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.00001) were observed in the marks obtained, stress, time allotment, etc. Examiners also acknowledged that SVV was a better way of taking the oral examination as it reduced the bias and brings uniformity of questions. Conclusion : Although before implementing any new tool in assessment, it is necessary to develop the infrastructure accordingly, sensitization and training of the participants and and preparation of the module prior to the examination, but the results of the current study indicated that SVV should be tried in other subjects of medical education and with the majority of medical colleges of other states.","PeriodicalId":16970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Applied and Basic Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81357726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Attabak Toofani Milani, M. Mohammadian, Roghayeh Paribananaem
Background & Aims : Thymoquinone (TQ) is a natural component and the active herbal complex originate in Nigella sativa seed. TQ shows the anti-cancer effects in the previous studies. The effects of TQ, its mechanism on colorectal cancer, and its combination with other newly chemotherapeutic agents are unclear. Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) has been upregulated in the numbers of malignancies. In this survey, we investigated the impacts of TQ and NVP-AUY922 (a HSP90 inhibitor) on HT-29 colorectal cancer cell line. Materials & Methods: HT-29 cells were seeded and exposed to TQ and NVP-AUY922 for 24 hours in various concentrations. Cell viability (water-soluble tetrazolium-1) assay was performed. Moreover, in combination cases, various concentrations of both agents examined using cellular viability analysis. Results: The TQ significantly inhibited cancer cell growth in colorectal cancer cell line in combination with various concentration of NVP-AUY922. Treatment with TQ could augment the cytotoxicity of NVP-AUY922 against the HT-29 as compared with that of NVP-AUY922 alone. Conclusion : Our findings suggested the anti-proliferative effect of TQ and NVP-AUY922 through cytotoxic pathway to induce cell death.
{"title":"Evaluation the Anti-proliferative Effect of NVP-AUY922 in Combination with Thymoquinone in Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines","authors":"Attabak Toofani Milani, M. Mohammadian, Roghayeh Paribananaem","doi":"10.52547/rabms.7.3.122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/rabms.7.3.122","url":null,"abstract":"Background & Aims : Thymoquinone (TQ) is a natural component and the active herbal complex originate in Nigella sativa seed. TQ shows the anti-cancer effects in the previous studies. The effects of TQ, its mechanism on colorectal cancer, and its combination with other newly chemotherapeutic agents are unclear. Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) has been upregulated in the numbers of malignancies. In this survey, we investigated the impacts of TQ and NVP-AUY922 (a HSP90 inhibitor) on HT-29 colorectal cancer cell line. Materials & Methods: HT-29 cells were seeded and exposed to TQ and NVP-AUY922 for 24 hours in various concentrations. Cell viability (water-soluble tetrazolium-1) assay was performed. Moreover, in combination cases, various concentrations of both agents examined using cellular viability analysis. Results: The TQ significantly inhibited cancer cell growth in colorectal cancer cell line in combination with various concentration of NVP-AUY922. Treatment with TQ could augment the cytotoxicity of NVP-AUY922 against the HT-29 as compared with that of NVP-AUY922 alone. Conclusion : Our findings suggested the anti-proliferative effect of TQ and NVP-AUY922 through cytotoxic pathway to induce cell death.","PeriodicalId":16970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Applied and Basic Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75995528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background & Aims : Klebsiella pneumonia (K.pneumonia) is one of the causative agents of lung infections, wound infections, urinary tract, and bloody diarrhea. One of the most common ways of transmission in neonatal and surgical wards is through hospital staff, nurses, and physicians. It could be transmitted to hospitalized patients and personnel through feces, respiratory secretions, contaminated equipment, and hands. To prevent the transmission of nosocomial infections, hand washing of employees with biocides can be effective. Materials & Methods: The minimum inhibitory concentration of 65 K . pneumonia isolates was determined according to CLSI guidelines compared to common biocides used in educational hospitals in Urmia, Iran, such as benzalkonium chloride and chlorhexidine. PCR was performed to evaluate the presence of cep A genes. Results: The results showed a significant relationship between the presence of cep A gene and high MIC compared to chlorhexidine bioside in K . pneumoniae . But there was no significant relationship between the presence of cep A gene and multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates. Conclusion: It is concluded that, detection of cep A gene or other genes involving drug resistance should be extended by using another tests with more reliability and reproducibility like gene expressions and gene cloning methods.
{"title":"Detection of efflux pump gene cepA in Klebsiella pneumonia and its effect on resistance to biocides","authors":"Shohre Afshar-Yavari, K. Diba, Sana Jabbari","doi":"10.52547/rabms.7.3.135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/rabms.7.3.135","url":null,"abstract":"Background & Aims : Klebsiella pneumonia (K.pneumonia) is one of the causative agents of lung infections, wound infections, urinary tract, and bloody diarrhea. One of the most common ways of transmission in neonatal and surgical wards is through hospital staff, nurses, and physicians. It could be transmitted to hospitalized patients and personnel through feces, respiratory secretions, contaminated equipment, and hands. To prevent the transmission of nosocomial infections, hand washing of employees with biocides can be effective. Materials & Methods: The minimum inhibitory concentration of 65 K . pneumonia isolates was determined according to CLSI guidelines compared to common biocides used in educational hospitals in Urmia, Iran, such as benzalkonium chloride and chlorhexidine. PCR was performed to evaluate the presence of cep A genes. Results: The results showed a significant relationship between the presence of cep A gene and high MIC compared to chlorhexidine bioside in K . pneumoniae . But there was no significant relationship between the presence of cep A gene and multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates. Conclusion: It is concluded that, detection of cep A gene or other genes involving drug resistance should be extended by using another tests with more reliability and reproducibility like gene expressions and gene cloning methods.","PeriodicalId":16970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Applied and Basic Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73222441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ali Fattahzadeh, A. Jahangiri, Naser Ranjkeshzadeh, F. Ghaderi
Background & Aims : Drug excipient incompatibility evaluation is an important part of pre-formulation studies. Drug-excipient interaction may affect drug stability, bioavailability, therapeutic effects, efficacy, and safety. Therefore, development of a successful drug delivery systems or dosage forms depends on correct selection of excipients. The aim of this study is to evaluate of celecoxib-lactose incompatibility reactions at solid state using physicochemical methods. Materials & Methods: Celecoxib and lactose were blended in 1:1 mass ratios and added to 20% (v/w) water and stored in closed vials at 60°C (inside the oven). Also, pure drug and pure excipient were prepared. Celecoxib, celecoxib-lactose and lactose tablets prepared using direct compression method. Produced tablets were stored at 60 °C (inside the oven). Finally, celecoxib -lactose incompatibility in the solid state was investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) methods over four consecutive weeks. Results : the incompatibility of celecoxib with lactose was not observed using physicochemical methods including DSC, FTIR spectroscopy and also visual observation. Conclusion: It can be concluded that using lactose in celecoxib solid pharmaceutical preparations will not cause incompatibilities.
{"title":"Evaluation of Celecoxib-Lactose Incompatibility Reactions at Solid State using Physicochemical Methods","authors":"Ali Fattahzadeh, A. Jahangiri, Naser Ranjkeshzadeh, F. Ghaderi","doi":"10.52547/rabms.7.3.139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/rabms.7.3.139","url":null,"abstract":"Background & Aims : Drug excipient incompatibility evaluation is an important part of pre-formulation studies. Drug-excipient interaction may affect drug stability, bioavailability, therapeutic effects, efficacy, and safety. Therefore, development of a successful drug delivery systems or dosage forms depends on correct selection of excipients. The aim of this study is to evaluate of celecoxib-lactose incompatibility reactions at solid state using physicochemical methods. Materials & Methods: Celecoxib and lactose were blended in 1:1 mass ratios and added to 20% (v/w) water and stored in closed vials at 60°C (inside the oven). Also, pure drug and pure excipient were prepared. Celecoxib, celecoxib-lactose and lactose tablets prepared using direct compression method. Produced tablets were stored at 60 °C (inside the oven). Finally, celecoxib -lactose incompatibility in the solid state was investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) methods over four consecutive weeks. Results : the incompatibility of celecoxib with lactose was not observed using physicochemical methods including DSC, FTIR spectroscopy and also visual observation. Conclusion: It can be concluded that using lactose in celecoxib solid pharmaceutical preparations will not cause incompatibilities.","PeriodicalId":16970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Applied and Basic Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83901580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Tayyebi, M. Abbasi, Muslim Shijlawi, Soroush Nematollahi, Faranak Olamaeian
Background & Aims : Although Peptic ulcer is a benign lesion of the gastrointestinal tract often caused by the secretion of gastric acid and/or the multiplication of Helicobacter pylori, but its rupture (perforated peptic ulcer (PPU)) is a surgical emergency and requires immediate action. PPU could cause ECG changes leading to masking the patient's main disease and wrong treatment. In this study we evaluated the prevalence of changes in the ECG of patients with perforated peptic ulcer in Firouzabadi Hospital. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, demographic data of all patients with PPU in Firouzabadi Hospital were extracted from the archives and electrographs were earned by cardiologists and internal medicine specialists while visiting. Statistical analyses were fulfilled by SPSS V.22 software with significance level of 0.05. Results: 119 patients (86 males and 33 females) with PPU with mean age of 48.99 ± 16.18 were included in this study. Among 66 patients (55.5%) with band changes, 41 patients had one, 16 had two, 4 had three, and 5 had four pathological changes in their ECG. The most common pathological finding was T wave inversion which was observed in 29 patients (24.5%). more in male patients. There was no significant relationship between ECG findings with factors likeage, smoking, alcohol consumption, and a history of diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and ischemic heart disease (P> 0.05). Conclusion: More than half of patients with PPU have at least one preoperative electrocardiographic change. Gender is an influential factor in PPU and electrocardiographic changes. Although the frequency of these changes was more common among populations with hypertension, diabetes, and ischemic vascular disease, but there was no statistically connections between them.
{"title":"Evaluation the Electrocardiography Changes in Patient with Perforated Peptic Ulcer (PPU) Underwent Surgery in Firouzabadi Hospital","authors":"A. Tayyebi, M. Abbasi, Muslim Shijlawi, Soroush Nematollahi, Faranak Olamaeian","doi":"10.52547/rabms.7.3.128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/rabms.7.3.128","url":null,"abstract":"Background & Aims : Although Peptic ulcer is a benign lesion of the gastrointestinal tract often caused by the secretion of gastric acid and/or the multiplication of Helicobacter pylori, but its rupture (perforated peptic ulcer (PPU)) is a surgical emergency and requires immediate action. PPU could cause ECG changes leading to masking the patient's main disease and wrong treatment. In this study we evaluated the prevalence of changes in the ECG of patients with perforated peptic ulcer in Firouzabadi Hospital. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, demographic data of all patients with PPU in Firouzabadi Hospital were extracted from the archives and electrographs were earned by cardiologists and internal medicine specialists while visiting. Statistical analyses were fulfilled by SPSS V.22 software with significance level of 0.05. Results: 119 patients (86 males and 33 females) with PPU with mean age of 48.99 ± 16.18 were included in this study. Among 66 patients (55.5%) with band changes, 41 patients had one, 16 had two, 4 had three, and 5 had four pathological changes in their ECG. The most common pathological finding was T wave inversion which was observed in 29 patients (24.5%). more in male patients. There was no significant relationship between ECG findings with factors likeage, smoking, alcohol consumption, and a history of diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and ischemic heart disease (P> 0.05). Conclusion: More than half of patients with PPU have at least one preoperative electrocardiographic change. Gender is an influential factor in PPU and electrocardiographic changes. Although the frequency of these changes was more common among populations with hypertension, diabetes, and ischemic vascular disease, but there was no statistically connections between them.","PeriodicalId":16970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Applied and Basic Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78666434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ibrahim Hassan, Wan Norhamidah Wan Ibrahim, Ferdaus Binti Mohamat Yusuf, S. Ahmad, Syahida Ahmad
Background & Aims : More than 80% of people in the developing countries rely on phytomedicine for primary healthcare in both human and livestock. Traditionally, herbal medicinal practice and treatment of cognitive disorders or neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other memory-related disorders have been achieved with numerous plant products. The aim of this study is to evaluate the anticholinesterase properties of Ficus deltoidea leaf extract in 80% methanol on Javanese medaka. Materials & Methods : Ficus deltoidea leaf was extracted with 80% methanol. Crude extract was then evaluated for toxicity effect on adult Javanese medaka. The neuroprotective effect of the crude extract was also evaluated using anticholinesterase assay. Identification of phytochemical constituents were carried out using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LCMS) techniques. Results : Results disclosed low toxicity effect of the crude extract with LC 50 of 59.34 ± 0.1 (Sub-acute toxicity test) and 44.67 ± 0.7 (Chronic toxicity test). High anti-cholinesterase activities with significant differences at p<0.001 was recorded in this study. Vitexin and isovitexin were identified in the crude extract using HPLC and LCMS. Conclusion : This study shows that Ficus deltoidea has high neuroprotective potential due to the high vitexin, isovitexin and several other bioactive components that are yet to be identified. Hence, it could be developed and used as new neuroprotective supplement/herbal product.
{"title":"Vitexin, Isovitexin and Other Biochemical Constituent of Ficus Deltoidea Leaf Extract in 80% Methanol Inhibits Cholinesterase Enzymes on Javanese Medaka (Oryzias Javanicus) Model","authors":"Ibrahim Hassan, Wan Norhamidah Wan Ibrahim, Ferdaus Binti Mohamat Yusuf, S. Ahmad, Syahida Ahmad","doi":"10.52547/rabms.7.4.179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/rabms.7.4.179","url":null,"abstract":"Background & Aims : More than 80% of people in the developing countries rely on phytomedicine for primary healthcare in both human and livestock. Traditionally, herbal medicinal practice and treatment of cognitive disorders or neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other memory-related disorders have been achieved with numerous plant products. The aim of this study is to evaluate the anticholinesterase properties of Ficus deltoidea leaf extract in 80% methanol on Javanese medaka. Materials & Methods : Ficus deltoidea leaf was extracted with 80% methanol. Crude extract was then evaluated for toxicity effect on adult Javanese medaka. The neuroprotective effect of the crude extract was also evaluated using anticholinesterase assay. Identification of phytochemical constituents were carried out using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LCMS) techniques. Results : Results disclosed low toxicity effect of the crude extract with LC 50 of 59.34 ± 0.1 (Sub-acute toxicity test) and 44.67 ± 0.7 (Chronic toxicity test). High anti-cholinesterase activities with significant differences at p<0.001 was recorded in this study. Vitexin and isovitexin were identified in the crude extract using HPLC and LCMS. Conclusion : This study shows that Ficus deltoidea has high neuroprotective potential due to the high vitexin, isovitexin and several other bioactive components that are yet to be identified. Hence, it could be developed and used as new neuroprotective supplement/herbal product.","PeriodicalId":16970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Applied and Basic Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86177988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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