F. Oladoja, Emmanuel Irokosu, O. Kale, T. Olubodun-Obadun
Background & Aims : Entandrophragma cylindricum ( EC) is a tree with a widespread presence in various West African countries. It has wide folkloric use as an anti-sickling, antimalarial, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and is widely used traditionally in treating diabetes across West Africa. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the antidiabetic potential of the methanolic leaf extract of Entandrophragma cylindricum ( EC) in rats. Materials and Methods : Induction of Diabetes mellitus was done by Streptozotocin (STZ) via intraperitoneal route injection. Animals were apportioned into five groups (n=5) for contrasting the activity of EC at three EC doses (25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg p.o.) against the standard drug (Glibenclamide) and control groups. Rats having elevated glucose levels above 250 mg/dL were considered diabetic and used for the study. Normoglycemic test, Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT), STZ-Induced diabetes, in-vitro antioxidant properties of EC extract, and in vivo antioxidant property of the serum were assessed. Results : Phytochemistry revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, terpenoids, deoxy-sugars, and anthraquinones. The three doses of EC (150, 50, and 25 mg/kg) used in the study caused a significant decrease in blood glucose levels in the STZ-induced diabetic rat model. Also, EC (150, 50, and 25 mg/kg) produced a significant (p< 0.001) increase respectively in the body weight from day 0 to day 30 when compared with the untreated diabetic rat. Our results indicated that EC might be a potent free radical scavenger, as it scavenged the 2,2 -diphenyl picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, hydroxyl radical, and NO radicals in vitro. EC also showed a significant anti-lipid peroxidative effect in vivo. Histologic analysis revealed the regenerative impact of EC on the β-cells of diabetic rats. Conclusion : Findings revealed that EC possess antihyperglycemic and antioxidant effects.
{"title":"Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Activities of Extract of Entandrophragma Cylindricum (Sprague) Leaves in Male Wistar Rats","authors":"F. Oladoja, Emmanuel Irokosu, O. Kale, T. Olubodun-Obadun","doi":"10.52547/rabms.7.3.108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/rabms.7.3.108","url":null,"abstract":"Background & Aims : Entandrophragma cylindricum ( EC) is a tree with a widespread presence in various West African countries. It has wide folkloric use as an anti-sickling, antimalarial, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and is widely used traditionally in treating diabetes across West Africa. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the antidiabetic potential of the methanolic leaf extract of Entandrophragma cylindricum ( EC) in rats. Materials and Methods : Induction of Diabetes mellitus was done by Streptozotocin (STZ) via intraperitoneal route injection. Animals were apportioned into five groups (n=5) for contrasting the activity of EC at three EC doses (25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg p.o.) against the standard drug (Glibenclamide) and control groups. Rats having elevated glucose levels above 250 mg/dL were considered diabetic and used for the study. Normoglycemic test, Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT), STZ-Induced diabetes, in-vitro antioxidant properties of EC extract, and in vivo antioxidant property of the serum were assessed. Results : Phytochemistry revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, terpenoids, deoxy-sugars, and anthraquinones. The three doses of EC (150, 50, and 25 mg/kg) used in the study caused a significant decrease in blood glucose levels in the STZ-induced diabetic rat model. Also, EC (150, 50, and 25 mg/kg) produced a significant (p< 0.001) increase respectively in the body weight from day 0 to day 30 when compared with the untreated diabetic rat. Our results indicated that EC might be a potent free radical scavenger, as it scavenged the 2,2 -diphenyl picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, hydroxyl radical, and NO radicals in vitro. EC also showed a significant anti-lipid peroxidative effect in vivo. Histologic analysis revealed the regenerative impact of EC on the β-cells of diabetic rats. Conclusion : Findings revealed that EC possess antihyperglycemic and antioxidant effects.","PeriodicalId":16970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Applied and Basic Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80161731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background & Aims : We present an analytical formula (AF) to calculate the total scatter factor of the MLC-shaped small radiation beams. Materials & Methods : Pinpoint, Semiflex, and Farmer ion chambers were used for MLC/Jaw-shaped fields extending from (10x10 cm 2 ) down to (1x1 cm 2 ). The total scatters factor, beam profiles, and penumbra was investigated for MLC/Jaw-shaped beams. Results : We found that the total scatters factor and the penumbra was clearly higher for MLC-shaped beams due to the MLC leakage, which becomes more and more significant for the small fields. The Analytical Formula was introduced as a least-square fit equation and verified against to measure data. The maximum deviation at small field size (< 4 cm 2 ) was within 3.6% and 43.9% from both MLC and Jaw-shaped beams, respectively. Conclusion : Our analytical formula shows a very good agreement with measured data at a large field size (> 4 cm 2 ), and had small deviation with MLC-shaped small field size, emphasizing that our analytical formula is valid and reasonably good for the total scatters factor calculation of the MLC-shaped beams, especially the ultra-small field size.
背景与目的:提出了一种计算mlc型小辐射光束总散射系数的解析公式。材料与方法:用于从(10x10cm2)到(1x1cm2)的MLC/颚形区，使用Pinpoint, Semiflex和Farmer离子室。研究了MLC/颚形光束的总散射因子、光束轮廓和半影。结果:由于MLC泄漏，MLC形光束的总散射因子和半影明显更高，并且在小场中变得越来越明显。分析公式以最小二乘拟合方程的形式引入，并通过实测数据进行了验证。在小场尺寸(< 4 cm 2)下，MLC和颚形光束的最大偏差分别在3.6%和43.9%以内。结论:本文的分析公式与大视场尺寸(> 4 cm 2)下的实测数据吻合良好，与mlc形光束的小视场尺寸偏差较小，说明本文的分析公式对于mlc形光束的总散射因子计算是有效的，特别是对于超小视场尺寸的计算是合理的。
{"title":"Analytical Formula for the total scatter factor of the Small Radiation Field Size","authors":"Saed J Al Atawneh","doi":"10.52547/rabms.7.3.152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/rabms.7.3.152","url":null,"abstract":"Background & Aims : We present an analytical formula (AF) to calculate the total scatter factor of the MLC-shaped small radiation beams. Materials & Methods : Pinpoint, Semiflex, and Farmer ion chambers were used for MLC/Jaw-shaped fields extending from (10x10 cm 2 ) down to (1x1 cm 2 ). The total scatters factor, beam profiles, and penumbra was investigated for MLC/Jaw-shaped beams. Results : We found that the total scatters factor and the penumbra was clearly higher for MLC-shaped beams due to the MLC leakage, which becomes more and more significant for the small fields. The Analytical Formula was introduced as a least-square fit equation and verified against to measure data. The maximum deviation at small field size (< 4 cm 2 ) was within 3.6% and 43.9% from both MLC and Jaw-shaped beams, respectively. Conclusion : Our analytical formula shows a very good agreement with measured data at a large field size (> 4 cm 2 ), and had small deviation with MLC-shaped small field size, emphasizing that our analytical formula is valid and reasonably good for the total scatters factor calculation of the MLC-shaped beams, especially the ultra-small field size.","PeriodicalId":16970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Applied and Basic Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80228412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The role of radioprotectors to reduce the cellular damage induced by ionizing radiation has been studied in human, animal and in vitro culture models. Radiation therapy cannot eradicate tumors successfully because of soft tissue damage. Proper use of radioprotective agents (before or shortly after radiation) can reduce normal tissue radiation toxicity and improve treatment output. There are three groups of radioprotectors: Synthetic protectors, antioxidant nutrients, and Immunomodulators. We discussed the radioprotective efficacy and its interaction against toxic agents. In addition, we discussed articles that have used radioprotective agents in the treatment of cancer with radiotherapy to protect normal tissue.
{"title":"The Role of Radioprotector Agents in the Protection of Normal tissue","authors":"Soraya Emamgholizadeh Minaei, F. Hoseini","doi":"10.52547/rabms.7.3.161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/rabms.7.3.161","url":null,"abstract":"The role of radioprotectors to reduce the cellular damage induced by ionizing radiation has been studied in human, animal and in vitro culture models. Radiation therapy cannot eradicate tumors successfully because of soft tissue damage. Proper use of radioprotective agents (before or shortly after radiation) can reduce normal tissue radiation toxicity and improve treatment output. There are three groups of radioprotectors: Synthetic protectors, antioxidant nutrients, and Immunomodulators. We discussed the radioprotective efficacy and its interaction against toxic agents. In addition, we discussed articles that have used radioprotective agents in the treatment of cancer with radiotherapy to protect normal tissue.","PeriodicalId":16970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Applied and Basic Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79113917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background & Aims : The threat of antibiotic resistance is rapidly progressing and intensifying. It is an important global issue and health-care problem that needs urgent attention. This study will help provide a better understanding of what the students know and believe about the issue of antibiotic resistance . This study was designed to assess the knowledge, attitude and perception level among students concerning antibiotic resistance as well as their self-reported practices related to antibiotic usage. Materials and Methods : A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted among 230 study participants (Interns and post graduates).A semi structured questionnaire was administered to the participants. Results : All the participants are aware of antibiotic resistance.192 (83.4%) of the participants agreed that indiscriminate and injudicious use of antibiotics leads to ineffective treatment in future. The perception and attitude of the study participants showed that 144 (62.6%) of participants agreed that skipping one or two doses contributes to the development of antibiotic resistance. Majority of the study participants opined that they need more training in the antibiotic selection and on antibiotic resistance. Conclusion : The findings of the study concluded that there is a need for proper planning and devising an effective and tailored educational intervention, which can unlock the initial step to curb the alarming increase in resistance.
{"title":"Perception and Knowledge of Antibiotic Resistance: A Cross Sectional Study among Students in a Medical College, India","authors":"Sudhir Rao, Vidusha Karavadi, S. Rajagopal","doi":"10.52547/rabms.7.3.147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/rabms.7.3.147","url":null,"abstract":"Background & Aims : The threat of antibiotic resistance is rapidly progressing and intensifying. It is an important global issue and health-care problem that needs urgent attention. This study will help provide a better understanding of what the students know and believe about the issue of antibiotic resistance . This study was designed to assess the knowledge, attitude and perception level among students concerning antibiotic resistance as well as their self-reported practices related to antibiotic usage. Materials and Methods : A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted among 230 study participants (Interns and post graduates).A semi structured questionnaire was administered to the participants. Results : All the participants are aware of antibiotic resistance.192 (83.4%) of the participants agreed that indiscriminate and injudicious use of antibiotics leads to ineffective treatment in future. The perception and attitude of the study participants showed that 144 (62.6%) of participants agreed that skipping one or two doses contributes to the development of antibiotic resistance. Majority of the study participants opined that they need more training in the antibiotic selection and on antibiotic resistance. Conclusion : The findings of the study concluded that there is a need for proper planning and devising an effective and tailored educational intervention, which can unlock the initial step to curb the alarming increase in resistance.","PeriodicalId":16970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Applied and Basic Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88378831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kiana Safa Larijani, Ali Akbar Moghhaddam Nia, Atefeh Bozorgi Makrani, Mohaddesseh AbouHosseini Tabari, E. Khodadadi
Background & Aims : Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) and Lactobacillus casei L. casei) are the primary bacterial pathogens involved in dental caries and periodontal diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate the antimicrobial activity of Carvacrol in inhibiting the growth of these two microbial species in-vitro. Materials & Methods : In this study, we prepared standard colonies of L. acidophilus and L. casei , then evaluated disk diffusion and well diffusion tests on De Man-Rugose and Sharpe (MRS) agar plates to determine the antimicrobial activity of Carvacrol. We used 30 µg tetracycline disks as control. To evaluate the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), Carvacrol was used in the range of 20 to 0.039 µL in MRS broth medium containing bacteria. To determine the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), the contents of tubes were subsequently cultured on MRS agar plates. Results : The MIC and MBC of Carvacrol against L. casei were 0.406 ± 0.143 and 0.813 ± 0.287 µg/mL, and against L. acidophilus were 0.254 ± 0.072 and 0.406 ± 0.143 µg/mL, respectively. In the disk diffusion test, carvacrol solution (2%) significantly induced inhibitory zones against L. casei and L. acidophilus . Although In the well diffusion test, 2% carvacrol solution generated inhibitory zones against L. casei . and against L. acidophilus with detectableinhibitory zones, but they werer not statistically significant.. We noted a significant difference only for the volume of 80 µL of solution (p = 0.03). Conclusion : The present study indicated that Carvacrol could be used as a natural alternative agent against L. acidophilus and L. casei generated dental caries.
背景与目的:嗜酸乳杆菌(Lactobacillus acidophilus)和干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus casei L. casei)是引起龋齿和牙周病的主要病原菌。在本研究中，我们旨在研究香芹酚在体外抑制这两种微生物生长的抑菌活性。材料与方法:制备了嗜酸乳杆菌和干酪乳杆菌的标准菌落，并在De Man-Rugose和Sharpe (MRS)琼脂平板上进行了圆盘扩散和孔扩散试验，以测定Carvacrol的抑菌活性。以30µg四环素片为对照。为了评估最小抑制浓度(MIC)， Carvacrol在含有细菌的MRS肉汤培养基中使用20 ~ 0.039µL。为了确定最低杀菌浓度(MBC)，试管内容物随后在MRS琼脂板上培养。结果:Carvacrol对干酪乳杆菌的MIC和MBC分别为0.406±0.143和0.813±0.287µg/mL，对嗜酸乳杆菌的MIC和MBC分别为0.254±0.072和0.406±0.143µg/mL。在圆盘扩散试验中，2%的香芹酚溶液对干酪乳杆菌和嗜酸乳杆菌有明显的抑制区。虽然在孔扩散试验中，2%的香芹酚溶液对干酪乳杆菌产生了抑制带。对嗜酸乳杆菌均可检测到抑菌带，但差异无统计学意义。我们注意到只有80µL溶液的体积有显著差异(p = 0.03)。结论:香芹酚可作为防治嗜酸乳杆菌和干酪乳杆菌所致龋病的天然替代剂。
{"title":"Antimicrobial Activity of Carvacrol against Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei, An In-Vitro Study","authors":"Kiana Safa Larijani, Ali Akbar Moghhaddam Nia, Atefeh Bozorgi Makrani, Mohaddesseh AbouHosseini Tabari, E. Khodadadi","doi":"10.52547/rabms.7.4.172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/rabms.7.4.172","url":null,"abstract":"Background & Aims : Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) and Lactobacillus casei L. casei) are the primary bacterial pathogens involved in dental caries and periodontal diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate the antimicrobial activity of Carvacrol in inhibiting the growth of these two microbial species in-vitro. Materials & Methods : In this study, we prepared standard colonies of L. acidophilus and L. casei , then evaluated disk diffusion and well diffusion tests on De Man-Rugose and Sharpe (MRS) agar plates to determine the antimicrobial activity of Carvacrol. We used 30 µg tetracycline disks as control. To evaluate the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), Carvacrol was used in the range of 20 to 0.039 µL in MRS broth medium containing bacteria. To determine the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), the contents of tubes were subsequently cultured on MRS agar plates. Results : The MIC and MBC of Carvacrol against L. casei were 0.406 ± 0.143 and 0.813 ± 0.287 µg/mL, and against L. acidophilus were 0.254 ± 0.072 and 0.406 ± 0.143 µg/mL, respectively. In the disk diffusion test, carvacrol solution (2%) significantly induced inhibitory zones against L. casei and L. acidophilus . Although In the well diffusion test, 2% carvacrol solution generated inhibitory zones against L. casei . and against L. acidophilus with detectableinhibitory zones, but they werer not statistically significant.. We noted a significant difference only for the volume of 80 µL of solution (p = 0.03). Conclusion : The present study indicated that Carvacrol could be used as a natural alternative agent against L. acidophilus and L. casei generated dental caries.","PeriodicalId":16970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Applied and Basic Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80082218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background & Aims : Immune thrombocytopenia is a disorder characterized by decreased platelet production and degradation. The objectives of our study were to assess the relationship between 1,25(OH)2D3 levels and ITP based on sex, age, and duration of disease. Materials & Methods : The present study was retrospectively conducted by reviewing medical records of the ITP patients. Demographic data including age, sex, disease history and serum vitamin D levels were performed and collected in a pre-designed form. Data were reported as Mean ±SD and as frequency (percentage). Independent t-test or ANOVA tests were used to compare the mean serum levels of vitamin D in terms of sex, age or disease history. Results : A total of 140 subjects (71 females and 69 males) with mean age± SD of 39.90 ± 16.11 years enrolled in the study. The mean serum vitamin D level in patients was 18.85 ± 10.87. There was no significant relationship between sex and serum vitamin D level (P=0.943). Patients in the range of 30-40 years have the most frequency and the lowest level of vitamin D in serum (17.11± 9.68 ng/ml). There was no association between age and vitamin D based on Pearson’s test (p=0.181). Vitamin D level in acute ITP patients was lower than chronic ITP patients, but this difference was not meaningful (p=0.403). Conclusion : According to the findings of this study vitamin D can be administered as a new immunomodulatory therapy in patients with ITP.
{"title":"Low serum vitamin D levels in Iranians with immune thrombocytopenia: A single-center study","authors":"Mahsa Matinkia, Rahim Asghari, Hamdollah Sharifi","doi":"10.52547/rabms.7.2.100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/rabms.7.2.100","url":null,"abstract":"Background & Aims : Immune thrombocytopenia is a disorder characterized by decreased platelet production and degradation. The objectives of our study were to assess the relationship between 1,25(OH)2D3 levels and ITP based on sex, age, and duration of disease. Materials & Methods : The present study was retrospectively conducted by reviewing medical records of the ITP patients. Demographic data including age, sex, disease history and serum vitamin D levels were performed and collected in a pre-designed form. Data were reported as Mean ±SD and as frequency (percentage). Independent t-test or ANOVA tests were used to compare the mean serum levels of vitamin D in terms of sex, age or disease history. Results : A total of 140 subjects (71 females and 69 males) with mean age± SD of 39.90 ± 16.11 years enrolled in the study. The mean serum vitamin D level in patients was 18.85 ± 10.87. There was no significant relationship between sex and serum vitamin D level (P=0.943). Patients in the range of 30-40 years have the most frequency and the lowest level of vitamin D in serum (17.11± 9.68 ng/ml). There was no association between age and vitamin D based on Pearson’s test (p=0.181). Vitamin D level in acute ITP patients was lower than chronic ITP patients, but this difference was not meaningful (p=0.403). Conclusion : According to the findings of this study vitamin D can be administered as a new immunomodulatory therapy in patients with ITP.","PeriodicalId":16970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Applied and Basic Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84389535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Scientific papers are valuable sources of information for scientific study. Apart from the main text, their content holds a notable amount of information. Recently, COVID-19 and related papers have attracted much attention between academic researchers, nonacademic people, and diverse social media. These papers can reveal different aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Publication criteria are changing rapidly for science-related coronavirus pandemic, as scientists worldwide conduct research at breakneck speeds to tackle this pandemic(1). During the last pandemic, we dived into the scientific literature to reflect on the COVID-19 pandemic. Researchers have created so much about COVID-19 related information that has been necessary for public health responses and the speedy development of therapeutic protocols and effective vaccines(2). To date, different therapeutic theories have been presented for treating and preventing COVID-19(3–6). However, the COVID-19 pandemic has severely discouraged people's lifestyle and economic situation. Therefore, many people, including lawmakers and directors from different agencies, have turned to the scientific society for answers regarding actions that need to be taken to control and treat the COVID-19(2). Nevertheless, many scientific studies published concerning the COVID-19; even those reported by prestigious journals fall short on experimental evidence to support their conclusions. Tremendous pressure existed to immediately know more about COVID-19 and how to stop this pandemic. Hence, the aforementioned situation created a unique atmosphere that led editors and reviewers to accept manuscripts that would have never been considered for publication under different conditions. During this pandemic, the piece of unreliable information was reported in journal papers. Some of these journals are prestigious with considerable scientific impact factors. However, publishing this erroneous information was a negative point for these journals and their authors. Still, this erroneous information compared to shared inaccurate information in different electronic media, primarily virtual media, was debatable and valuable. In virtual media, many fortune-tellers were reputed due to sharing different predictions of the future of this pandemic. Many virtual channels shared their false profitable information.
{"title":"Leaning in the publishing of articles in scientific journals during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"A. Golchin, Parviz Ranjbarvan, L. Roshangar","doi":"10.52547/rabms.7.2.68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/rabms.7.2.68","url":null,"abstract":"Scientific papers are valuable sources of information for scientific study. Apart from the main text, their content holds a notable amount of information. Recently, COVID-19 and related papers have attracted much attention between academic researchers, nonacademic people, and diverse social media. These papers can reveal different aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Publication criteria are changing rapidly for science-related coronavirus pandemic, as scientists worldwide conduct research at breakneck speeds to tackle this pandemic(1). During the last pandemic, we dived into the scientific literature to reflect on the COVID-19 pandemic. Researchers have created so much about COVID-19 related information that has been necessary for public health responses and the speedy development of therapeutic protocols and effective vaccines(2). To date, different therapeutic theories have been presented for treating and preventing COVID-19(3–6). However, the COVID-19 pandemic has severely discouraged people's lifestyle and economic situation. Therefore, many people, including lawmakers and directors from different agencies, have turned to the scientific society for answers regarding actions that need to be taken to control and treat the COVID-19(2). Nevertheless, many scientific studies published concerning the COVID-19; even those reported by prestigious journals fall short on experimental evidence to support their conclusions. Tremendous pressure existed to immediately know more about COVID-19 and how to stop this pandemic. Hence, the aforementioned situation created a unique atmosphere that led editors and reviewers to accept manuscripts that would have never been considered for publication under different conditions. During this pandemic, the piece of unreliable information was reported in journal papers. Some of these journals are prestigious with considerable scientific impact factors. However, publishing this erroneous information was a negative point for these journals and their authors. Still, this erroneous information compared to shared inaccurate information in different electronic media, primarily virtual media, was debatable and valuable. In virtual media, many fortune-tellers were reputed due to sharing different predictions of the future of this pandemic. Many virtual channels shared their false profitable information.","PeriodicalId":16970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Applied and Basic Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72677598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background & Aims : Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an important cause of mortality and morbidity globally. COPD, if associated with multiple comorbidities, has a greater impact on treatment outcome and hospital stay, hence effective control of COPD is crucial for enhancing quality of life. Our study assesses the effect of comorbidities on management outcomes in acute exacerbations of COPD patients. Materials & Methods : An analytical cross-sectional study was planned on 630 patients. Patients with acute exacerbations of COPD who were admitted to pulmonary ward and ICU were enrolled in the study. Data analysis was done using MS Excel and SPSS version 21.0. Unpaired students’t-test was used and p < 0.05 was taken to be statistically significant. Results: 61.9% of patients had at least one associated comorbidity e.g. CAD (37.2%), hypertension (28.2%), diabetes mellitus (24.3%), and CVD (10.3%). We found that acute exacerbation of COPD patients with comorbidities had prolonged hospital stay, greater ICU admissions, and need for invasive ventilation as compared to those without comorbidities. Presence of comorbidities with COPD was significantly associated with duration of hospital stay. Conclusion : Comorbidities associated with acute exacerbations of COPD increase the hospital stay, need for ICU admission and more invasive ventilation, and reduce the impact of treatments.
{"title":"Impact of Comorbidities on the Management Outcome of Acute Exacerbation of COPD","authors":"Ronak Jain, P. Akhani, Deepak Nagar, R. Agrawal","doi":"10.52547/rabms.7.2.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/rabms.7.2.62","url":null,"abstract":"Background & Aims : Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an important cause of mortality and morbidity globally. COPD, if associated with multiple comorbidities, has a greater impact on treatment outcome and hospital stay, hence effective control of COPD is crucial for enhancing quality of life. Our study assesses the effect of comorbidities on management outcomes in acute exacerbations of COPD patients. Materials & Methods : An analytical cross-sectional study was planned on 630 patients. Patients with acute exacerbations of COPD who were admitted to pulmonary ward and ICU were enrolled in the study. Data analysis was done using MS Excel and SPSS version 21.0. Unpaired students’t-test was used and p < 0.05 was taken to be statistically significant. Results: 61.9% of patients had at least one associated comorbidity e.g. CAD (37.2%), hypertension (28.2%), diabetes mellitus (24.3%), and CVD (10.3%). We found that acute exacerbation of COPD patients with comorbidities had prolonged hospital stay, greater ICU admissions, and need for invasive ventilation as compared to those without comorbidities. Presence of comorbidities with COPD was significantly associated with duration of hospital stay. Conclusion : Comorbidities associated with acute exacerbations of COPD increase the hospital stay, need for ICU admission and more invasive ventilation, and reduce the impact of treatments.","PeriodicalId":16970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Applied and Basic Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82314635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bone allografts have become an accepted technology to replace bone loss due to common diseases, such as tumor resection, trauma, and failed total joint arthroplasty. This study briefly reviews a branch of regenerative medicine related to bone allografts and its related aspects. As new allografts stimulate an immune rejection response, bone grafts are usually prepared by freezing or freeze-drying to decrease the immune system responses. The notable biological events of associations, such as hemorrhage and inflammation, osteogenesis, osteoinduction, osteoconduction, and impressive remodeling, result in a load-bearing structure. Generally, cancellous allografts are effectively incorporated, while cortical grafts remain an admixture of viable regenerated bone and old necrotic bone for a prolonged duration. Massive bone allografts used in reconstructing tumor resection have a long-term successful outcome in about 80 percent of the procedures. Similar success has been reported for its use in total joint revision surgery and other clinical applications. The significant complications reported for grafting procedures are infection, bone graft fracture, nonunion at the graft-host juncture, and rare massive allograft resorption. Although bone allografting is a successful therapeutic approach, emerging technologies will introduce more efficient bones by mobilizing the adjunctive growth factors, cell and gene-based therapies, and tissue engineering techniques. The primary and applicable knowledge of bone allografts is essential; however, continual investigations are necessary.
{"title":"Bone Allografts: Products and Clinical Applications in Iran","authors":"A. Golchin, Reza Samanipour, Parviz Ranjbarvan","doi":"10.52547/rabms.7.2.94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/rabms.7.2.94","url":null,"abstract":"Bone allografts have become an accepted technology to replace bone loss due to common diseases, such as tumor resection, trauma, and failed total joint arthroplasty. This study briefly reviews a branch of regenerative medicine related to bone allografts and its related aspects. As new allografts stimulate an immune rejection response, bone grafts are usually prepared by freezing or freeze-drying to decrease the immune system responses. The notable biological events of associations, such as hemorrhage and inflammation, osteogenesis, osteoinduction, osteoconduction, and impressive remodeling, result in a load-bearing structure. Generally, cancellous allografts are effectively incorporated, while cortical grafts remain an admixture of viable regenerated bone and old necrotic bone for a prolonged duration. Massive bone allografts used in reconstructing tumor resection have a long-term successful outcome in about 80 percent of the procedures. Similar success has been reported for its use in total joint revision surgery and other clinical applications. The significant complications reported for grafting procedures are infection, bone graft fracture, nonunion at the graft-host juncture, and rare massive allograft resorption. Although bone allografting is a successful therapeutic approach, emerging technologies will introduce more efficient bones by mobilizing the adjunctive growth factors, cell and gene-based therapies, and tissue engineering techniques. The primary and applicable knowledge of bone allografts is essential; however, continual investigations are necessary.","PeriodicalId":16970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Applied and Basic Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87079446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ebrahim Mazloomi, N. Hosseini Jazani, Vahid Abbasian, S. Shahabi
Background & Aims : Salmonella typhimurium ( S. typhimurium ) is one of the causative agents of intestinal and extraintestinal infections in humans. Symptoms of the mouse infection by this bacterium mimic typhoid fever in humans. Adjuvants are compounds that enhance the effectiveness of vaccines in combination with them. Alum as an adjuvant causes a shift towards Th2 immune and strengthens the humoral immunity responses. Cisplatin is a highly effective anti-tumor drug that stimulates immune responses by activating macrophages and other immune cells and is used in tumor immunotherapy. This study aimed to investigate the role of cisplatin and the cisplatin-alum mixture as adjuvants to increase the efficacy of vaccination against S. typhimurium in Balb/c mice. Materials & Methods: Male BALB/c mice were divided into five groups. Mice in the experimental groups received either the HKST vaccine alone or in combination with the adjuvants alum, cisplatin, or the cisplatin-alum. Mice in the negative control group received phosphate-buffered saline. All mice were immunized two times on days 0 and 14. Two weeks after the last immunization, immune responses to S. typhimurium were assessed by measuring the survival rate after challenge with a lethal dose of bacterium, bacterial load in the liver, interferon-gamma, and S. typhimurium- specific IgG1 and IgG2a production. Results : The number of colonies in the spleen and liver cultures in all dilutions was significantly lower in cisplatin-vaccine, and cisplatin-alum vaccine immunized mice. The average rate of specific IgG2a was higher in the same groups compared to other groups. The survival rate in alum-vaccine, cisplatin-vaccine, and cisplatin-alum-vaccine groups was significantly higher than in the control group. The average rate of Interferon-gamma in cisplatin-vaccine and cisplatin- alum vaccine groups was significantly higher than other groups. Conclusion : This study is the first to determine the role of administrating cisplatin and alum-cisplatin mixture on increasing the efficiency of the HKST vaccine in a mouse model. This study confirmed the role of cisplatin and cisplatin-alum mixture in increasing the efficiency of the HKST vaccine by using different experiments.
{"title":"Evaluation of the effects of cisplatin and the cisplatin-alum mixture as adjuvants for increasing the efficacy of vaccination against Salmonella typhimurium in Balb/c mice","authors":"Ebrahim Mazloomi, N. Hosseini Jazani, Vahid Abbasian, S. Shahabi","doi":"10.52547/rabms.7.2.76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/rabms.7.2.76","url":null,"abstract":"Background & Aims : Salmonella typhimurium ( S. typhimurium ) is one of the causative agents of intestinal and extraintestinal infections in humans. Symptoms of the mouse infection by this bacterium mimic typhoid fever in humans. Adjuvants are compounds that enhance the effectiveness of vaccines in combination with them. Alum as an adjuvant causes a shift towards Th2 immune and strengthens the humoral immunity responses. Cisplatin is a highly effective anti-tumor drug that stimulates immune responses by activating macrophages and other immune cells and is used in tumor immunotherapy. This study aimed to investigate the role of cisplatin and the cisplatin-alum mixture as adjuvants to increase the efficacy of vaccination against S. typhimurium in Balb/c mice. Materials & Methods: Male BALB/c mice were divided into five groups. Mice in the experimental groups received either the HKST vaccine alone or in combination with the adjuvants alum, cisplatin, or the cisplatin-alum. Mice in the negative control group received phosphate-buffered saline. All mice were immunized two times on days 0 and 14. Two weeks after the last immunization, immune responses to S. typhimurium were assessed by measuring the survival rate after challenge with a lethal dose of bacterium, bacterial load in the liver, interferon-gamma, and S. typhimurium- specific IgG1 and IgG2a production. Results : The number of colonies in the spleen and liver cultures in all dilutions was significantly lower in cisplatin-vaccine, and cisplatin-alum vaccine immunized mice. The average rate of specific IgG2a was higher in the same groups compared to other groups. The survival rate in alum-vaccine, cisplatin-vaccine, and cisplatin-alum-vaccine groups was significantly higher than in the control group. The average rate of Interferon-gamma in cisplatin-vaccine and cisplatin- alum vaccine groups was significantly higher than other groups. Conclusion : This study is the first to determine the role of administrating cisplatin and alum-cisplatin mixture on increasing the efficiency of the HKST vaccine in a mouse model. This study confirmed the role of cisplatin and cisplatin-alum mixture in increasing the efficiency of the HKST vaccine by using different experiments.","PeriodicalId":16970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Applied and Basic Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89600324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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