Pub Date : 2023-06-15DOI: 10.1080/13669877.2023.2218862
S. Ho, Wen-Dee Tan
Abstract Numerous countries are integrating autonomous vehicles into their public transport systems. Among the expected benefits of autonomous public transport, increased mobility for families with young children is foregrounded. Yet, the potential risks associated with autonomous public transport may impede parents’ acceptance of the technology for use by their children. As risk communication is an effective strategy for mitigating the influence of risk perception on acceptance, this study sought to proactively identify risk perceptions that parents hold toward autonomous public transport. Against the backdrop of Singapore’s imminent deployment of autonomous public transport and informed by the social representations theory, we elicited a mental model of parents’ risk perceptions toward autonomous public transport that was sensitive to the diversity of opinion among parents and their preferences for risk communication messages about autonomous public transport. To that end, we conducted three online focus group discussions consisting of 21 Singaporean parents who had children aged 2 wk to 12 years old. Theoretically, this study addresses research gaps in the mental models literature and offers theoretical implications for scholars seeking to employ the mental models approach to understand lay risk perceptions. Practically, this study informs the design of relevant and targeted risk communication messages about autonomous public transport.
{"title":"Mapping mental models of parents’ risk perceptions of autonomous public transport use by young children: a social representations theory approach","authors":"S. Ho, Wen-Dee Tan","doi":"10.1080/13669877.2023.2218862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2023.2218862","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Numerous countries are integrating autonomous vehicles into their public transport systems. Among the expected benefits of autonomous public transport, increased mobility for families with young children is foregrounded. Yet, the potential risks associated with autonomous public transport may impede parents’ acceptance of the technology for use by their children. As risk communication is an effective strategy for mitigating the influence of risk perception on acceptance, this study sought to proactively identify risk perceptions that parents hold toward autonomous public transport. Against the backdrop of Singapore’s imminent deployment of autonomous public transport and informed by the social representations theory, we elicited a mental model of parents’ risk perceptions toward autonomous public transport that was sensitive to the diversity of opinion among parents and their preferences for risk communication messages about autonomous public transport. To that end, we conducted three online focus group discussions consisting of 21 Singaporean parents who had children aged 2 wk to 12 years old. Theoretically, this study addresses research gaps in the mental models literature and offers theoretical implications for scholars seeking to employ the mental models approach to understand lay risk perceptions. Practically, this study informs the design of relevant and targeted risk communication messages about autonomous public transport.","PeriodicalId":16975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Risk Research","volume":"26 1","pages":"989 - 1005"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46611135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-09DOI: 10.1080/13669877.2023.2220331
Xia Cao, Binfang Yang, Jiansong Zhou
Abstract Background: It is meaningful that both scholars and practitioners recognize the multifaceted nature of health risk perception and communication (HRPC). Extensive studies related to HRPC have been conducted to date. However, no bibliometric analysis has systematically investigated this issue. We aim to identify the current landscape and frontier trends of scientific achievements on HRPC through bibliometric approaches. Methods: Quantitative analysis of publications relating to HRPC from 1999 to 2021 was interpreted and graphed through the Web of Science Core Collection database on October 21, 2022. A variety of quantitative variables was analyzed, including publication and citation counts, H-index, and journal citation reports. Co-authorship, citation, co-citation, and co-occurrence analyses were performed for countries/regions, institutions, authors, and keywords using the VOSviewer and CiteSpace. Results: A total of 1,518 original and review articles in English were identified. The United States has considerable influence in this field, with the majority of publications (772, 50.86%), citations (23,951 times), the highest H-index (453), and close collaborations with the United Kingdom and Australia. The most contributive institution was University of North Carolina. The most productive author is Waters EA, followed by Lemyre L and Renner B. However, the relatively low level of research cooperation existed between institutions and authors. Important topics mainly include the connotations, categories, theoretical framework models, and application scenarios of HRPC. Among the promising hotspots, ‘Covid-19,’ ‘pandemic’, ‘vaccine hesitancy’, ‘social media’, ‘e-cigarettes’, and ‘mental health’ displayed relatively latest average appearing year. Conclusion: Global trends indicate a growing scientific output on HRPC, and developed countries are leading the way. There is still a need to improve collaboration between research teams. The focus gradually shifts from theoretical research to empirical research. It is recommended to pay attention to the latest hot spots, such as ‘Covid-19’, ‘vaccine hesitancy’, ‘social media’, ‘e-cigarettes’, and ‘mental health’.
摘要背景：学者和从业者都认识到健康风险感知和沟通（HRPC）的多面性，这是有意义的。迄今为止，已经对HRPC进行了广泛的研究。然而，没有文献计量学分析系统地研究这个问题。我们的目的是通过文献计量学方法来确定HRPC科学成果的现状和前沿趋势。方法：2022年10月21日，通过Web of Science核心收藏数据库对1999年至2021年与HRPC相关的出版物进行定量分析。分析了各种定量变量，包括出版物和引文计数、H指数和期刊引文报告。使用VOSviewer和CiteSpace对国家/地区、机构、作者和关键词进行了合著、引用、共引和共现分析。结果：共发现1518篇英文原创和评论文章。美国在这一领域具有相当大的影响力，拥有大多数出版物（772篇，50.86%），引用次数（23951次），最高的H指数（453次），并与英国和澳大利亚密切合作。贡献最大的机构是北卡罗来纳大学。最有成效的作者是Waters EA，其次是Lemyre L和Renner B。然而，机构和作者之间的研究合作水平相对较低。重要主题主要包括HRPC的内涵、分类、理论框架模型和应用场景。在有希望的热点中，“新冠肺炎”、“大流行”、“疫苗犹豫”、“社交媒体”、“电子烟”和“心理健康”显示了相对最新的平均出现年份。结论：全球趋势表明，HRPC的科学产出正在增长，发达国家处于领先地位。仍然需要改进研究团队之间的合作。重点逐渐从理论研究转向实证研究。建议关注最新热点，如“新冠肺炎”、“疫苗犹豫”、“社交媒体”、“电子烟”和“心理健康”。
{"title":"The global research trends on health risk perception and communication: a bibliometric study and visualization analysis","authors":"Xia Cao, Binfang Yang, Jiansong Zhou","doi":"10.1080/13669877.2023.2220331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2023.2220331","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background: It is meaningful that both scholars and practitioners recognize the multifaceted nature of health risk perception and communication (HRPC). Extensive studies related to HRPC have been conducted to date. However, no bibliometric analysis has systematically investigated this issue. We aim to identify the current landscape and frontier trends of scientific achievements on HRPC through bibliometric approaches. Methods: Quantitative analysis of publications relating to HRPC from 1999 to 2021 was interpreted and graphed through the Web of Science Core Collection database on October 21, 2022. A variety of quantitative variables was analyzed, including publication and citation counts, H-index, and journal citation reports. Co-authorship, citation, co-citation, and co-occurrence analyses were performed for countries/regions, institutions, authors, and keywords using the VOSviewer and CiteSpace. Results: A total of 1,518 original and review articles in English were identified. The United States has considerable influence in this field, with the majority of publications (772, 50.86%), citations (23,951 times), the highest H-index (453), and close collaborations with the United Kingdom and Australia. The most contributive institution was University of North Carolina. The most productive author is Waters EA, followed by Lemyre L and Renner B. However, the relatively low level of research cooperation existed between institutions and authors. Important topics mainly include the connotations, categories, theoretical framework models, and application scenarios of HRPC. Among the promising hotspots, ‘Covid-19,’ ‘pandemic’, ‘vaccine hesitancy’, ‘social media’, ‘e-cigarettes’, and ‘mental health’ displayed relatively latest average appearing year. Conclusion: Global trends indicate a growing scientific output on HRPC, and developed countries are leading the way. There is still a need to improve collaboration between research teams. The focus gradually shifts from theoretical research to empirical research. It is recommended to pay attention to the latest hot spots, such as ‘Covid-19’, ‘vaccine hesitancy’, ‘social media’, ‘e-cigarettes’, and ‘mental health’.","PeriodicalId":16975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Risk Research","volume":"26 1","pages":"969 - 988"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49024053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-08DOI: 10.1080/13669877.2023.2218861
Nohad ‘Ali, D. Rosenberg
Abstract This study examined the association between the type of locality ethnic minorities reside in and their worrying about social phenomena through the lens of the social capital theory. The study aimed at showing that worry profiles, as well the extent of being concerned about various social phenomena, are not the same for the minority residents of ethnically homogeneous and of ethnically heterogeneous localities. Moreover, the main assumption was that residing in heterogeneous locality corresponds to an increase in concerns about social phenomena. The data were obtained from the Personal and Community Security Index Survey which was conducted among the Arab citizens of Israel in 2020 (N = 947). The data were analyzed using multinomial and linear regression models. The results show that residing in ethnically mixed localities was associated with having a highly worried profile. Residing in mixed localities also related to a greater worry about the general social and the violence-related phenomena. The results supported the social capital theory. The results suggest that residing in ethnically homogeneous localities plays a protective role with respect to being concerned about social phenomena. The results imply that public decision makers should develop long-term plans to reduce worry levels in minority residents of ethnically mixed localities which will include provision of tailored services, fighting against violence, and informing about the proposed solutions for each phenomenon of concern.
{"title":"Mixed and worried? Examining the association between locality type and worrying about social phenomena in Arab citizens of Israel","authors":"Nohad ‘Ali, D. Rosenberg","doi":"10.1080/13669877.2023.2218861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2023.2218861","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study examined the association between the type of locality ethnic minorities reside in and their worrying about social phenomena through the lens of the social capital theory. The study aimed at showing that worry profiles, as well the extent of being concerned about various social phenomena, are not the same for the minority residents of ethnically homogeneous and of ethnically heterogeneous localities. Moreover, the main assumption was that residing in heterogeneous locality corresponds to an increase in concerns about social phenomena. The data were obtained from the Personal and Community Security Index Survey which was conducted among the Arab citizens of Israel in 2020 (N = 947). The data were analyzed using multinomial and linear regression models. The results show that residing in ethnically mixed localities was associated with having a highly worried profile. Residing in mixed localities also related to a greater worry about the general social and the violence-related phenomena. The results supported the social capital theory. The results suggest that residing in ethnically homogeneous localities plays a protective role with respect to being concerned about social phenomena. The results imply that public decision makers should develop long-term plans to reduce worry levels in minority residents of ethnically mixed localities which will include provision of tailored services, fighting against violence, and informing about the proposed solutions for each phenomenon of concern.","PeriodicalId":16975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Risk Research","volume":"26 1","pages":"1006 - 1019"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48162978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-19DOI: 10.1080/13669877.2023.2208134
Meng Yuan, Yan Yang, Hongtao Yi
Abstract Understanding public debates on environmental problems is critical for enhancing the effectiveness and social acceptance of environmental policies. This article aims to understand how factual environmental condition and culture influence the perceived severity of environmental problems in China. Relying on Cultural Theory and Cultural Cognitive Theory, we measure grid with an egalitarianism-hierarchy scale and group with an individualism–communitarianism scale. We use a large scale nationwide representative survey data——the Chinese General Social Survey——to identify Chinese political subcultures and find that environmental condition alone rarely play a role in Chinese environmental perceptions, and that as hypothesized, moving from egalitarianism to hierarchy, people perceive six of eight environmental problems to be less severe, whereas moving from individualism to communitarianism, people perceive five of eight environmental problems to be more severe. Meanwhile, the effect of environmental condition on the relationship between cultural worldview and perceived severity is very limited. This study has implications for environmental communication.
{"title":"Environmental condition, cultural worldview, and environmental perceptions in China","authors":"Meng Yuan, Yan Yang, Hongtao Yi","doi":"10.1080/13669877.2023.2208134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2023.2208134","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Understanding public debates on environmental problems is critical for enhancing the effectiveness and social acceptance of environmental policies. This article aims to understand how factual environmental condition and culture influence the perceived severity of environmental problems in China. Relying on Cultural Theory and Cultural Cognitive Theory, we measure grid with an egalitarianism-hierarchy scale and group with an individualism–communitarianism scale. We use a large scale nationwide representative survey data——the Chinese General Social Survey——to identify Chinese political subcultures and find that environmental condition alone rarely play a role in Chinese environmental perceptions, and that as hypothesized, moving from egalitarianism to hierarchy, people perceive six of eight environmental problems to be less severe, whereas moving from individualism to communitarianism, people perceive five of eight environmental problems to be more severe. Meanwhile, the effect of environmental condition on the relationship between cultural worldview and perceived severity is very limited. This study has implications for environmental communication.","PeriodicalId":16975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Risk Research","volume":"26 1","pages":"748 - 777"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43974965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-18DOI: 10.1080/13669877.2023.2197615
L. Dendler, Mariana Morais, Jan Nikolas Hargart, J. Lourenço, Domagoj Vrbos, Paul Ortega, Kamila Sfugier Tollik, Georgios Alaveras, B. Gallani, Michelle Patel, Laura Broomfield, Ortwin Renn
Abstract Considering growing participatory turns in regulatory scientific risk analysis, this paper compares how social scientists use participatory and analytical methods to understand risk perceptions and meet competing demands for representativeness and inclusiveness. Drawing on case studies of how three European risk agencies use participatory and analytic methods in the context of biotechnology, it confirms difficulties of analytic methods to shed light on perceptions when applied to unfamiliar topics. It also shows the potential of participatory in particular deliberative formats to engage affected populations in the risk analysis process, despite challenges in promoting inclusiveness. The cases call for the integration of methods, while remaining aware of the need to understand the mutual interplay in the constructions of risks and structural inequalities.
{"title":"Participatory versus analytic approaches for understanding risk perceptions: a comparison of three case studies from the field of biotechnology","authors":"L. Dendler, Mariana Morais, Jan Nikolas Hargart, J. Lourenço, Domagoj Vrbos, Paul Ortega, Kamila Sfugier Tollik, Georgios Alaveras, B. Gallani, Michelle Patel, Laura Broomfield, Ortwin Renn","doi":"10.1080/13669877.2023.2197615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2023.2197615","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Considering growing participatory turns in regulatory scientific risk analysis, this paper compares how social scientists use participatory and analytical methods to understand risk perceptions and meet competing demands for representativeness and inclusiveness. Drawing on case studies of how three European risk agencies use participatory and analytic methods in the context of biotechnology, it confirms difficulties of analytic methods to shed light on perceptions when applied to unfamiliar topics. It also shows the potential of participatory in particular deliberative formats to engage affected populations in the risk analysis process, despite challenges in promoting inclusiveness. The cases call for the integration of methods, while remaining aware of the need to understand the mutual interplay in the constructions of risks and structural inequalities.","PeriodicalId":16975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Risk Research","volume":"26 1","pages":"866 - 882"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44176697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-11DOI: 10.1080/13669877.2023.2208149
B. Johnson, Marcus Mayorga, Byungdoo Kim
Abstract Identifying and understanding risk perceptions—“how bad are the harms” to humans or to what they value that people see as potentially or actually arising from entities or events—has been critical for risk analysis, both for its own sake, and for expected associations between risk perceptions and subsequent outcomes, such as risky or protective behavior, or support for hazard management policies. Cross-sectional surveys have been the dominant method for identifying and understanding risk perceptions, yielding valuable data. However, cross-sectional surveys are unable to probe the dynamics of risk perceptions over time, which is critical to do while living in a dynamically hazardous world and to build causal understandings. Building upon earlier longitudinal panel studies of Americans’ Ebola and Zika risk perceptions using multi-level modeling to assess temporal changes in these views and inter-individual factors affecting them, we examined patterns in Americans’ COVID-19 risk perceptions in six waves across 14 months. The findings suggest that, in general, risk perceptions increased from February 2020 to April 2021, but with varying trends across different risk perception measures (personal, collective, affective, affect, severity, and duration). Factors in baseline risk perceptions (Wave 1) and inter-individual differences across waves differed even more: baseline ratings were associated with how immediate the threat is (temporal distance) and how likely the threat would affect people like oneself (social distance), and following the United States news about the pandemic. Inter-individual trend differences were shaped most by temporal distance, whether local coronavirus infections were accelerating their upward trend, and subjective knowledge about viral transmission. Associations of subjective knowledge and risk trend with risk perceptions could change signs (e.g. from positive to negative) over time. These findings hold theoretical implications for risk perception dynamics and taxonomies, and research design implications for studying risk perception dynamics and their comparison across hazards.
{"title":"Americans’ COVID-19 risk perceptions and risk perception predictors changed over time","authors":"B. Johnson, Marcus Mayorga, Byungdoo Kim","doi":"10.1080/13669877.2023.2208149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2023.2208149","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Identifying and understanding risk perceptions—“how bad are the harms” to humans or to what they value that people see as potentially or actually arising from entities or events—has been critical for risk analysis, both for its own sake, and for expected associations between risk perceptions and subsequent outcomes, such as risky or protective behavior, or support for hazard management policies. Cross-sectional surveys have been the dominant method for identifying and understanding risk perceptions, yielding valuable data. However, cross-sectional surveys are unable to probe the dynamics of risk perceptions over time, which is critical to do while living in a dynamically hazardous world and to build causal understandings. Building upon earlier longitudinal panel studies of Americans’ Ebola and Zika risk perceptions using multi-level modeling to assess temporal changes in these views and inter-individual factors affecting them, we examined patterns in Americans’ COVID-19 risk perceptions in six waves across 14 months. The findings suggest that, in general, risk perceptions increased from February 2020 to April 2021, but with varying trends across different risk perception measures (personal, collective, affective, affect, severity, and duration). Factors in baseline risk perceptions (Wave 1) and inter-individual differences across waves differed even more: baseline ratings were associated with how immediate the threat is (temporal distance) and how likely the threat would affect people like oneself (social distance), and following the United States news about the pandemic. Inter-individual trend differences were shaped most by temporal distance, whether local coronavirus infections were accelerating their upward trend, and subjective knowledge about viral transmission. Associations of subjective knowledge and risk trend with risk perceptions could change signs (e.g. from positive to negative) over time. These findings hold theoretical implications for risk perception dynamics and taxonomies, and research design implications for studying risk perception dynamics and their comparison across hazards.","PeriodicalId":16975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Risk Research","volume":"26 1","pages":"815 - 835"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42259824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-11DOI: 10.1080/13669877.2023.2208138
Sylvester Senyo Horvey, Jones Odei-Mensah
Abstract Global economic crises and complexities in the business environment have flawed the traditional risk management system. These have provided lessons to business leaders and enhanced the popularity of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM). ERM is the holistic approach to managing the overall risks of an organisation to achieve its strategic goals. Despite its relevance, the question about the appropriate measurement for ERM and the performance of ERM remains. This study provides a comprehensive and systematic literature review on the measurement and performance of ERM. Google Scholar was the primary search tool for ERM literature from 2001 to 2020, and papers listed in SCImago journal ranking were discussed. According to the review, there is no specific approach to measuring ERM; hence, scholars rely on different proxies. Most studies rely on secondary sources, particularly the Chief Risk Officer’s appointment as a simple ERM proxy. This approach is widely adopted in the literature due to the difficulty in assessing ERM information. This paper recommends that further studies on the empirical measurement of ERM should rely on both primary and secondary data as they complement each other. This will provide more insight and allow more factors to be considered for a robust ERM measurement. In terms of performance, the ERM literature reveals mixed findings; however, there is enough evidence to support the assertion that ERM enhances firm profitability and value. Also, an advanced level of ERM implementation significantly improves firm performance. We suggest that scholars consider examining the ERM-performance relationship in emerging economies, as most of these studies centred on the US and European economies. In addition, future studies should consider investigating the non-linear relationship and how moderating factors affect the ERM-performance relationship. Firms must also strengthen their ERM system, as a higher level of ERM implementation improves performance.
{"title":"The measurements and performance of enterprise risk management: a comprehensive literature review","authors":"Sylvester Senyo Horvey, Jones Odei-Mensah","doi":"10.1080/13669877.2023.2208138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2023.2208138","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Global economic crises and complexities in the business environment have flawed the traditional risk management system. These have provided lessons to business leaders and enhanced the popularity of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM). ERM is the holistic approach to managing the overall risks of an organisation to achieve its strategic goals. Despite its relevance, the question about the appropriate measurement for ERM and the performance of ERM remains. This study provides a comprehensive and systematic literature review on the measurement and performance of ERM. Google Scholar was the primary search tool for ERM literature from 2001 to 2020, and papers listed in SCImago journal ranking were discussed. According to the review, there is no specific approach to measuring ERM; hence, scholars rely on different proxies. Most studies rely on secondary sources, particularly the Chief Risk Officer’s appointment as a simple ERM proxy. This approach is widely adopted in the literature due to the difficulty in assessing ERM information. This paper recommends that further studies on the empirical measurement of ERM should rely on both primary and secondary data as they complement each other. This will provide more insight and allow more factors to be considered for a robust ERM measurement. In terms of performance, the ERM literature reveals mixed findings; however, there is enough evidence to support the assertion that ERM enhances firm profitability and value. Also, an advanced level of ERM implementation significantly improves firm performance. We suggest that scholars consider examining the ERM-performance relationship in emerging economies, as most of these studies centred on the US and European economies. In addition, future studies should consider investigating the non-linear relationship and how moderating factors affect the ERM-performance relationship. Firms must also strengthen their ERM system, as a higher level of ERM implementation improves performance.","PeriodicalId":16975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Risk Research","volume":"26 1","pages":"778 - 800"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46560452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-09DOI: 10.1080/13669877.2023.2204875
Zoe Adams, Magda Osman
Abstract This study aims to expand our understanding of institutional trust by examining how consumers express their trust in a UK product safety regulator, the Office for Product Safety and Standards (OPSS). It uses publicly available data from two waves of nationally representative surveys (N = 20,526) conducted by OPSS between November 2020 and August 2021. Questions were selected for analysis if they aligned with the organisation’s definition of a trusted regulator: protecting people and places, and empowering people to make good choices. Of the 211 survey items in Wave 1 and 150 in Wave 2, 42 pairs of questions were selected. Only nine of the 42 analyses were statistically significant, and of those only two were interpretable at a reliable statistical threshold (i.e. medium effect size threshold). The results are valuable in demonstrating how institutional trust may be affected by product safety-related behaviours, experiences, beliefs and attitudes concerning the risks to which consumers are potentially exposed. However, the general lack of reliable findings also highlights methodological challenges in the way official government surveys investigate institutional trust, risk, and general product safety issues on both a linguistic and conceptual level. By examining the survey results and the survey itself, we show how empirical and theoretical insights can inform government efforts to capture important phenomena.
{"title":"Institutional trust, risk and product safety: a consumer survey","authors":"Zoe Adams, Magda Osman","doi":"10.1080/13669877.2023.2204875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2023.2204875","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study aims to expand our understanding of institutional trust by examining how consumers express their trust in a UK product safety regulator, the Office for Product Safety and Standards (OPSS). It uses publicly available data from two waves of nationally representative surveys (N = 20,526) conducted by OPSS between November 2020 and August 2021. Questions were selected for analysis if they aligned with the organisation’s definition of a trusted regulator: protecting people and places, and empowering people to make good choices. Of the 211 survey items in Wave 1 and 150 in Wave 2, 42 pairs of questions were selected. Only nine of the 42 analyses were statistically significant, and of those only two were interpretable at a reliable statistical threshold (i.e. medium effect size threshold). The results are valuable in demonstrating how institutional trust may be affected by product safety-related behaviours, experiences, beliefs and attitudes concerning the risks to which consumers are potentially exposed. However, the general lack of reliable findings also highlights methodological challenges in the way official government surveys investigate institutional trust, risk, and general product safety issues on both a linguistic and conceptual level. By examining the survey results and the survey itself, we show how empirical and theoretical insights can inform government efforts to capture important phenomena.","PeriodicalId":16975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Risk Research","volume":"26 1","pages":"648 - 674"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45493650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-08DOI: 10.1080/13669877.2023.2208146
Myriam Dunn Cavelty, Christine Eriksen, Benjamin Scharte
Abstract How can a focus on socio-technical vulnerability and uncertainty make cyber security more resilient? In this article, we provide a conceptual discussion of how to increase cyber resilience. First, we show how cyber security and resilience thinking co-evolved through their connection to critical infrastructures, and how the ensuing dominant technical focus inevitably always falls short due to the diverse societal values that underpin their critical social functions. We argue that a sole focus on aggregate systems neglects the important differences in how cyber threats are experienced and dealt with by individuals. Second, we draw on insights from social resilience and disaster management literature to establish a better link between individuals and cyber systems. We focus on two key aspects of cyber security that highlight its social nature: vulnerability and uncertainty. Instead of thinking of cyber security as a “technical problem + humans,” we suggest cyber security should be conceptualized as a “social problem + technology.” We conclude by highlighting three ways forward for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners: interdisciplinary research, public debate about a set of normative questions, and the need for an uncertainty discourse in politics and policymaking.
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Pub Date : 2023-05-08DOI: 10.1080/13669877.2023.2208119
Kristi Nero, Kati Orru, Tor-Olav Nævestad, Alexandra Olson, Merja Airola, L. Savadori, Austeja Kazemekaityte, Gabriella Lovász, Jelena Kajganović
Abstract Homeless and materially disadvantaged people are considered particularly vulnerable to COVID-19 infection. So far, there is no systematic knowledge about how the homeless and materially disadvantaged people perceive the risks of COVID-19 and what factors influence the development of sceptical views and underestimation of dangers posed by the virus. The aim of our study is therefore to: (1) Explore COVID-19 risk perception of socially marginalised individuals, focusing on their assessment of the probability of getting infected by the virus and the perceived harmful consequences of the disease; and (2) examine the factors influencing COVID-19 risk beliefs of these individuals. We use cross-sectional survey data with 273 participants from eight countries and data from 32 interviews and five workshops with managers and staff of social care organisations in ten European countries. Our results indicate that among survey participants, 49% can be labelled COVID-19 sceptics with regard to probability of getting infected, and 38% with regard to harmful consequences of the disease. We find that COVID-19 scepticism is related to low levels of all types of social capital, low trust in information from authorities and being a minority. However, the most important predictor is the respondents’ general lack of concern about health risks. Additionally, the qualitative data indicates the multifaceted nature of COVID-19 scepticism, as it may relate to the origins of COVID-19, the probability of infection, its consequences and protective measures, among others. Improved understanding about factors influencing COVID-19 scepticism in these groups contributes to a better understanding of the information disorder during crises, and the ways in which this could be managed through policies against marginalisation, including in disaster risk reduction.
{"title":"Mechanisms behind COVID-19 scepticism among socially marginalised individuals in Europe","authors":"Kristi Nero, Kati Orru, Tor-Olav Nævestad, Alexandra Olson, Merja Airola, L. Savadori, Austeja Kazemekaityte, Gabriella Lovász, Jelena Kajganović","doi":"10.1080/13669877.2023.2208119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2023.2208119","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Homeless and materially disadvantaged people are considered particularly vulnerable to COVID-19 infection. So far, there is no systematic knowledge about how the homeless and materially disadvantaged people perceive the risks of COVID-19 and what factors influence the development of sceptical views and underestimation of dangers posed by the virus. The aim of our study is therefore to: (1) Explore COVID-19 risk perception of socially marginalised individuals, focusing on their assessment of the probability of getting infected by the virus and the perceived harmful consequences of the disease; and (2) examine the factors influencing COVID-19 risk beliefs of these individuals. We use cross-sectional survey data with 273 participants from eight countries and data from 32 interviews and five workshops with managers and staff of social care organisations in ten European countries. Our results indicate that among survey participants, 49% can be labelled COVID-19 sceptics with regard to probability of getting infected, and 38% with regard to harmful consequences of the disease. We find that COVID-19 scepticism is related to low levels of all types of social capital, low trust in information from authorities and being a minority. However, the most important predictor is the respondents’ general lack of concern about health risks. Additionally, the qualitative data indicates the multifaceted nature of COVID-19 scepticism, as it may relate to the origins of COVID-19, the probability of infection, its consequences and protective measures, among others. Improved understanding about factors influencing COVID-19 scepticism in these groups contributes to a better understanding of the information disorder during crises, and the ways in which this could be managed through policies against marginalisation, including in disaster risk reduction.","PeriodicalId":16975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Risk Research","volume":"26 1","pages":"675 - 696"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47423975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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