Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.26655/jrweedsci.2021.2.7
B. Acharya, A. Bista, Sanju Jyawali, Nabin Kumar Darai
Orobanche species, commonly known as broomrape, are root holo-parasite of the family Orobanchaceae. In Nepal two species, Orobanche aegyptiaca and O. cernua are causing threat to wide range of important vegetables and crops of family Brassicaceae and Solanaceae. To evaluate non-host plants as potential trap crops, different crop plants were tested in two Orobanche infested tomato fields of Lalbandi, Sarlahi, South-Eastern part of Nepal in 2018 -19. Orobanche seed density in soil samples collected from plots before planting and after harvest of each crop species were recorded and compared for the seed bank. On the basis of Orobanche seed bank reduction in both the fields, the investigated crop species like Capsicum frutescens, Cicer arietinum, Lens culinaris and Vicia faba were classified as highly potential trap crops and reduced seed bank from 52 to 70%. Crops like Cuminum cyminum, Daucus carota, Foeniculum vulgare, Phaseolus vulgaris, Sessamum orientale and Trigonella foenum-graecum were classified as moderately potential trap crops and reduced Orobanche seed bank from 41 to 52 %. The other tested crops like Allium cepa, Allium sativum, Coriandrum sativum, Glycine max, Hordeum vulgare, Pisum sativum, Solanum tuberosum, Raphanus sativus are classified as non- potential trap crops. Among all the tested crops Capsicum frutescens, Cicer arietinum, Lens culinaris and Vicia faba were identified as the potential trap crop to reduce Orobanche seed bank in infested tomato fields.
{"title":"Evaluation of non-host crops as trap crops to reduce Orobanche seed bank in tomato fields","authors":"B. Acharya, A. Bista, Sanju Jyawali, Nabin Kumar Darai","doi":"10.26655/jrweedsci.2021.2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26655/jrweedsci.2021.2.7","url":null,"abstract":"Orobanche species, commonly known as broomrape, are root holo-parasite of the family Orobanchaceae. In Nepal two species, Orobanche aegyptiaca and O. cernua are causing threat to wide range of important vegetables and crops of family Brassicaceae and Solanaceae. To evaluate non-host plants as potential trap crops, different crop plants were tested in two Orobanche infested tomato fields of Lalbandi, Sarlahi, South-Eastern part of Nepal in 2018 -19. Orobanche seed density in soil samples collected from plots before planting and after harvest of each crop species were recorded and compared for the seed bank. On the basis of Orobanche seed bank reduction in both the fields, the investigated crop species like Capsicum frutescens, Cicer arietinum, Lens culinaris and Vicia faba were classified as highly potential trap crops and reduced seed bank from 52 to 70%. Crops like Cuminum cyminum, Daucus carota, Foeniculum vulgare, Phaseolus vulgaris, Sessamum orientale and Trigonella foenum-graecum were classified as moderately potential trap crops and reduced Orobanche seed bank from 41 to 52 %. The other tested crops like Allium cepa, Allium sativum, Coriandrum sativum, Glycine max, Hordeum vulgare, Pisum sativum, Solanum tuberosum, Raphanus sativus are classified as non- potential trap crops. Among all the tested crops Capsicum frutescens, Cicer arietinum, Lens culinaris and Vicia faba were identified as the potential trap crop to reduce Orobanche seed bank in infested tomato fields.","PeriodicalId":16980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Weed Science","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84740424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2021.2.5
Lucas A Castro, Danillo Oliveira Beltrão, Patrícia Guimarães Santos, Y. B. Carvalho, Nélio Renato Nogueira Filho, J. P. Costa, E. Marques
Weeds are among the main phytosanitary problems and are responsible for numerous losses in agriculture. Integrated management has become increasingly important in weed control. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the allelopathic effect of 24 plants on morning glory (Ipomoea purpurea L.). The tests were performed in a completely randomized design, both in in vitro and in vivo experiments. The in vitro germination data were used to calculate the time and germination index, and in the in vivo experiment, the length and fresh weight of the aerial part and root of the seedlings were evaluated, with subsequent comparison of averages by ANOVA. The plant extracts used exerted allelopathy, delaying (negative) and advancing (positive) the germination of this species. The extracts of banana, black plum, carqueja, Mexican sunflower, rosemary, guaco, lavender, lemongrass and garden mint resulted in high germination delays of up to +5 days. Rosemary, garden mint, Mexican sunflower and guaco extracts also reduced the germination rate by up to -10.5%. None of the tested extracts reduced the length of the aerial part of morning glory. In all treatments, shorter root length was observed. The extracts of lemongrass, rosemary and guaco reduced the dry weight of the aerial part, and in all treatments a lower fresh weight of roots was observed, except for the treatment with guaco. It can be concluded that the germination or growth of some problematic weeds such as I. purpurea may be affected by allelochemical extracts from different plants such as bananas, black plum, boldo, Mexican sunflower, rosemary, guaco, lavender, lemongrass, and garden mint.
{"title":"Allelopathic effect of crude plant extract on Ipomoea purpurea L.","authors":"Lucas A Castro, Danillo Oliveira Beltrão, Patrícia Guimarães Santos, Y. B. Carvalho, Nélio Renato Nogueira Filho, J. P. Costa, E. Marques","doi":"10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2021.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2021.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Weeds are among the main phytosanitary problems and are responsible for numerous losses in agriculture. Integrated management has become increasingly important in weed control. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the allelopathic effect of 24 plants on morning glory (Ipomoea purpurea L.). The tests were performed in a completely randomized design, both in in vitro and in vivo experiments. The in vitro germination data were used to calculate the time and germination index, and in the in vivo experiment, the length and fresh weight of the aerial part and root of the seedlings were evaluated, with subsequent comparison of averages by ANOVA. The plant extracts used exerted allelopathy, delaying (negative) and advancing (positive) the germination of this species. The extracts of banana, black plum, carqueja, Mexican sunflower, rosemary, guaco, lavender, lemongrass and garden mint resulted in high germination delays of up to +5 days. Rosemary, garden mint, Mexican sunflower and guaco extracts also reduced the germination rate by up to -10.5%. None of the tested extracts reduced the length of the aerial part of morning glory. In all treatments, shorter root length was observed. The extracts of lemongrass, rosemary and guaco reduced the dry weight of the aerial part, and in all treatments a lower fresh weight of roots was observed, except for the treatment with guaco. It can be concluded that the germination or growth of some problematic weeds such as I. purpurea may be affected by allelochemical extracts from different plants such as bananas, black plum, boldo, Mexican sunflower, rosemary, guaco, lavender, lemongrass, and garden mint.","PeriodicalId":16980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Weed Science","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80219172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2021.2.8
Reuben Abogno Ogada, E. M. Njeru, A. Omari, Johna Kibrono Birgen
Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth is also known as witchweed, is a highly noxious parasite of cereal in Sub- Saharan Africa leading to enormous economic losses of above 7 billion US$ yearly. Some of the suggested control methods have been ineffective, therefore, the weed has continued to increase its host range and area under infestation. The objective of this study was to evaluate Alternaria brassicicola isolates against Striga hermonthica seeds' emergence on maize. A greenhouse experiment was performed at KALRO/CYMMTRY Kibos station, Kisumu, Kenya during April to August, 2019. The experiment included local maize landrace known as “Rachar”, Striga hermonthica seeds Kibos ecotype and four strains of Alternaria brassicicola. The treatments were; Soils (Treated) + two maize seed + S. hermonthica seeds + each isolate (LM017, LM013, LM019a and NY021) independently and soils (Treated) + three maize seeds + S. hermonthica seeds only (Control). A. brassicicola isolates LM019a, LM013 and LM017 inhibited Striga seeds emergence by 78.9%, 57.3% and 29.1% respectively. However, isolate NY021 enhanced Striga seeds emergence by 30.4% over the control. This study, established that some strains of A. brassicicola can inhibit the emergence of Striga weed. Therefore, the fungus could be used as a possible bio-agent in the production of mycoherbicide against Striga weed.
{"title":"New evaluation of Alternaria brassicicola isolates against Striga hermonthica seeds emergence on maize in Kenya","authors":"Reuben Abogno Ogada, E. M. Njeru, A. Omari, Johna Kibrono Birgen","doi":"10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2021.2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2021.2.8","url":null,"abstract":"Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth is also known as witchweed, is a highly noxious parasite of cereal in Sub- Saharan Africa leading to enormous economic losses of above 7 billion US$ yearly. Some of the suggested control methods have been ineffective, therefore, the weed has continued to increase its host range and area under infestation. The objective of this study was to evaluate Alternaria brassicicola isolates against Striga hermonthica seeds' emergence on maize. A greenhouse experiment was performed at KALRO/CYMMTRY Kibos station, Kisumu, Kenya during April to August, 2019. The experiment included local maize landrace known as “Rachar”, Striga hermonthica seeds Kibos ecotype and four strains of Alternaria brassicicola. The treatments were; Soils (Treated) + two maize seed + S. hermonthica seeds + each isolate (LM017, LM013, LM019a and NY021) independently and soils (Treated) + three maize seeds + S. hermonthica seeds only (Control). A. brassicicola isolates LM019a, LM013 and LM017 inhibited Striga seeds emergence by 78.9%, 57.3% and 29.1% respectively. However, isolate NY021 enhanced Striga seeds emergence by 30.4% over the control. This study, established that some strains of A. brassicicola can inhibit the emergence of Striga weed. Therefore, the fungus could be used as a possible bio-agent in the production of mycoherbicide against Striga weed.","PeriodicalId":16980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Weed Science","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84930178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.26655/jrweedsci.2021.3.7
Lemma Degebasa Olkeba, T. Wondimu, Z. Bekeko, K. Belete
The field survey focused on potential sorghum-producing east and west Hararghe zones in six districts comprising 18 villages in the 2019 cropping season. Overall, 720 growers were nominated for considering the socio-economic impact. The representative growers were purposively selected. Data collected were Striga counts per m2 and per plant, time of Striga introduction, awareness and impression of farmers, prevalence, management used, severity, and collective actions to manage Striga. Both genders were included. Data were collected from interviews and analyzed. Statistical software (SPSS) summarizes the information. Results showed two Striga species, Striga hermonthica and Striga asiatica were observed and recorded. Striga hermonthica is more distributed than Striga asiatica in all the study locations and its occurrence diverse between locations. The maximum levels of Striga occurrence was perceived at Kile-besidimo (92%), Edobaso (85%), Kufakas (82%), Kotora (80%), Homacho Riana(78%), Bal’ina arba (74%), Dire gudina (72%), Bishan babile,(66%), Qufa (65%), Oda Anesso (48%), Ijakechu (45%), Umer kulle (40%), Homacho Eba (38%) and Tofik (35%). In contradict less number of Striga prevalence was perceived at Bareda (29%), Haro Adii (27%), Jiru gemachu (25%), and Homacho dayo (23%) striga per m2 in assessed fields. The striga count per plant was also recorded from each site. Sorghum yield loss due to Striga across surveyed villages was estimated to range between 0% and 80%. The management practices focused on improving the shortages suggested for controlling Striga in the districts.
{"title":"Prevalence and socio-economic impact of Striga (Striga hermonthica) in sorghum producing areas of east and west Hararghe zones, Ethiopia","authors":"Lemma Degebasa Olkeba, T. Wondimu, Z. Bekeko, K. Belete","doi":"10.26655/jrweedsci.2021.3.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26655/jrweedsci.2021.3.7","url":null,"abstract":"The field survey focused on potential sorghum-producing east and west Hararghe zones in six districts comprising 18 villages in the 2019 cropping season. Overall, 720 growers were nominated for considering the socio-economic impact. The representative growers were purposively selected. Data collected were Striga counts per m2 and per plant, time of Striga introduction, awareness and impression of farmers, prevalence, management used, severity, and collective actions to manage Striga. Both genders were included. Data were collected from interviews and analyzed. Statistical software (SPSS) summarizes the information. Results showed two Striga species, Striga hermonthica and Striga asiatica were observed and recorded. Striga hermonthica is more distributed than Striga asiatica in all the study locations and its occurrence diverse between locations. The maximum levels of Striga occurrence was perceived at Kile-besidimo (92%), Edobaso (85%), Kufakas (82%), Kotora (80%), Homacho Riana(78%), Bal’ina arba (74%), Dire gudina (72%), Bishan babile,(66%), Qufa (65%), Oda Anesso (48%), Ijakechu (45%), Umer kulle (40%), Homacho Eba (38%) and Tofik (35%). In contradict less number of Striga prevalence was perceived at Bareda (29%), Haro Adii (27%), Jiru gemachu (25%), and Homacho dayo (23%) striga per m2 in assessed fields. The striga count per plant was also recorded from each site. Sorghum yield loss due to Striga across surveyed villages was estimated to range between 0% and 80%. The management practices focused on improving the shortages suggested for controlling Striga in the districts.","PeriodicalId":16980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Weed Science","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85714043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.26655/jrweedsci.2021.1.1
S. Sarker, S. Paul, U. Sarker, K. Saha, M. A. R. Sarkar
The experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during November 2016 to May 2017 to study the effect of weed management strategies on the yield of aromatic fine rice in Boro season. The experiment comprised three aromatic fine rice varieties viz. BRRI dhan50, BRRI dhan63 and Basmati, and five weed management strategies viz. weedy check (no weeding), two hand weeding at 15 and 30 days after transplanting (DAT), pre-emergence herbicide, Panida 33 EC @ 2.5 l ha-1 + one hand weeding at 30 DAT, post emergence herbicide, Granite 240 SC @ 95 ml ha-1 + one hand weeding at 30 DAT, pre-emergence herbicide, Panida 33 EC @ 2.5 l ha-1 + post emergence herbicide, Granite 240 SC @ 95 ml ha-1. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. BRRI dhan50 produced the highest number of effective tillers hill-1 (8.87), number of grains panicle-1 (95.51 grain) and 1000-grain weight (21.45 g) and straw (5.59 t ha-1) yields compared to BRRI dhan63 and Basmati. The highest grain yield (4.31 t ha-1) was produced in BRRI dhan50 which was at par with BRRI dhan63 and the lowest one (3.21 t ha-1) was recoded in Basmati. In case of weed management, the highest number of effective tillers hill-1 (9.62), 1000-grain weight (21.70 g), grain (5.22 t ha-1) and straw (5.64 t ha-1) yields were obtained in pre-emergence herbicide + post emergence herbicide compared to other treatments. In interaction, the highest grain yield (5.54 t ha-1) was obtained in BRRI dhan50 with pre-emergence herbicide + post emergence herbicide, which was statistically identical to BRRI dhan63 with pre-emergence herbicide + post emergence herbicide. Therefore, BRRI dhan50 or BRRI dhan63 can be cultivated with pre-emergence herbicide + post emergence herbicide in Boro season for appreciable grain yields.
本试验于2016年11月至2017年5月在孟加拉国农业大学Mymensingh农学田间实验室进行，旨在研究Boro季节杂草管理策略对芳香细米产量的影响。实验由三个芳香优良水稻品种即BRRI dhan50十分,BRRI dhan63十分和印度香米,和五个杂草管理策略viz.杂草丛生的检查(没有除草),两个手除草15岁和移植后30天(DAT) pre-emergence除草剂,Panida 33 EC @ 2.5 l农业+ 30 DAT一方面除草,出现除草剂,花岗岩240 SC @ 95毫升农业+ 30 DAT一方面除草,pre-emergence除草剂,Panida 33 EC @ 2.5 l农业+帖子出现除草剂,花岗岩240 SC @ 95毫升ha-1。试验采用完全随机区组设计，设3个重复。与BRRI dhan63和Basmati相比，BRRI dhan50的有效分蘖数(8.87)、粒数(95.51)、千粒重(21.45 g)和秸秆(5.59 t hm -1)产量最高。BRRI dhan50的产量最高，为4.31 t ha-1，与BRRI dhan63相当，而Basmati的产量最低，为3.21 t ha-1。在杂草管理情况下，出苗期前除草剂+出苗期后除草剂处理的有效分蘖数、千粒重(21.70 g)、籽粒产量(5.22 t hm -1)和秸秆产量(5.64 t hm -1)高于其他处理。在互作中，出苗期前除草剂+出苗期后除草剂BRRI dhan50的籽粒产量最高(5.54 t hm -1)，与出苗期前除草剂+出苗期后除草剂BRRI dhan63具有统计学上的一致性。因此，BRRI dhan50或BRRI dhan63可以在Boro季节使用出苗期前除草剂+出苗期后除草剂进行栽培，获得可观的产量。
{"title":"Effect of weed management strategies on the yield performance of aromatic rice in Boro season","authors":"S. Sarker, S. Paul, U. Sarker, K. Saha, M. A. R. Sarkar","doi":"10.26655/jrweedsci.2021.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26655/jrweedsci.2021.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during November 2016 to May 2017 to study the effect of weed management strategies on the yield of aromatic fine rice in Boro season. The experiment comprised three aromatic fine rice varieties viz. BRRI dhan50, BRRI dhan63 and Basmati, and five weed management strategies viz. weedy check (no weeding), two hand weeding at 15 and 30 days after transplanting (DAT), pre-emergence herbicide, Panida 33 EC @ 2.5 l ha-1 + one hand weeding at 30 DAT, post emergence herbicide, Granite 240 SC @ 95 ml ha-1 + one hand weeding at 30 DAT, pre-emergence herbicide, Panida 33 EC @ 2.5 l ha-1 + post emergence herbicide, Granite 240 SC @ 95 ml ha-1. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. BRRI dhan50 produced the highest number of effective tillers hill-1 (8.87), number of grains panicle-1 (95.51 grain) and 1000-grain weight (21.45 g) and straw (5.59 t ha-1) yields compared to BRRI dhan63 and Basmati. The highest grain yield (4.31 t ha-1) was produced in BRRI dhan50 which was at par with BRRI dhan63 and the lowest one (3.21 t ha-1) was recoded in Basmati. In case of weed management, the highest number of effective tillers hill-1 (9.62), 1000-grain weight (21.70 g), grain (5.22 t ha-1) and straw (5.64 t ha-1) yields were obtained in pre-emergence herbicide + post emergence herbicide compared to other treatments. In interaction, the highest grain yield (5.54 t ha-1) was obtained in BRRI dhan50 with pre-emergence herbicide + post emergence herbicide, which was statistically identical to BRRI dhan63 with pre-emergence herbicide + post emergence herbicide. Therefore, BRRI dhan50 or BRRI dhan63 can be cultivated with pre-emergence herbicide + post emergence herbicide in Boro season for appreciable grain yields.","PeriodicalId":16980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Weed Science","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85917615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-12DOI: 10.26655/jrweedsci.2021.1.3
G. Bulenga, K. P. Sibuga, E. Mtengeti
The spread of Chromolaena odorata in some parts of Serengeti district has stimulated interest in the prediction of their soil seed bank and mapping its distribution. Thirty clusters from each agro-ecosystem namely fallow land, grazing land, and cultivated land were sampled for soil seed bank assessment. Each cluster was randomly demarcated into five 20 m2 plots. Soils were collected from 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, and 10-15 cm depths using a 10 cm diameter and 5 cm length cylinder. Coordinates were taken using a hand held GPS (Map76 cx) along transects. Each soil sample was soaked for a minimum of 30 minutes in a solution of sodium hexametaphosphate (50 g/L) and sodium bicarbonate (25 g/L) and poured over a set of three different sieve sizes to remove debris. The results were converted to number of weed seeds per square meter, and statistically analysed using R software version 3.5.1. Quantum GIS (1.8.0) was used to map the distribution of the weed. The soil seed bank in all agro-ecosystems decreased significantly (p <0.05) from 0-5 cm to 10-15 cm soil depths. Mean weed seed densities varied depending on land use but significantly highest in fallow land followed by cultivated land (p <0.05). In cultivated land the top soil had more than twice Siam weed seed densities (1254 seeds/m2) than in the bottom soil layers (597 seeds/m2). The Siam weed was found to have ability to thrive in a wide variety of soils, hence increase its invasion success. Distribution maps of C. odorata in Serengeti district and surrounding areas provide insight on the aggressiveness of the weed according to its spread and infestation levels. Future research work should be carried out to study fallow age in relation to soil seed bank of Chromolaena odorata and physio-chemical properties of the soil and their influence on distribution of the weed.
{"title":"Soil seed bank and mapping Chromolaena odorata an invasive weed in agro-ecosystems of Serengeti district, Tanzania","authors":"G. Bulenga, K. P. Sibuga, E. Mtengeti","doi":"10.26655/jrweedsci.2021.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26655/jrweedsci.2021.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"The spread of Chromolaena odorata in some parts of Serengeti district has stimulated interest in the prediction of their soil seed bank and mapping its distribution. Thirty clusters from each agro-ecosystem namely fallow land, grazing land, and cultivated land were sampled for soil seed bank assessment. Each cluster was randomly demarcated into five 20 m2 plots. Soils were collected from 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, and 10-15 cm depths using a 10 cm diameter and 5 cm length cylinder. Coordinates were taken using a hand held GPS (Map76 cx) along transects. Each soil sample was soaked for a minimum of 30 minutes in a solution of sodium hexametaphosphate (50 g/L) and sodium bicarbonate (25 g/L) and poured over a set of three different sieve sizes to remove debris. The results were converted to number of weed seeds per square meter, and statistically analysed using R software version 3.5.1. Quantum GIS (1.8.0) was used to map the distribution of the weed. The soil seed bank in all agro-ecosystems decreased significantly (p <0.05) from 0-5 cm to 10-15 cm soil depths. Mean weed seed densities varied depending on land use but significantly highest in fallow land followed by cultivated land (p <0.05). In cultivated land the top soil had more than twice Siam weed seed densities (1254 seeds/m2) than in the bottom soil layers (597 seeds/m2). The Siam weed was found to have ability to thrive in a wide variety of soils, hence increase its invasion success. Distribution maps of C. odorata in Serengeti district and surrounding areas provide insight on the aggressiveness of the weed according to its spread and infestation levels. Future research work should be carried out to study fallow age in relation to soil seed bank of Chromolaena odorata and physio-chemical properties of the soil and their influence on distribution of the weed.","PeriodicalId":16980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Weed Science","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83253074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2020.3.7
S. El-Sagheer, Taha Yossef Hilal, S. Temerak, Sherif Abou
Two experiments were carried out to study the efficacy of herbicides with different rates for controlling broadleaf and narrow leaves weeds, growth and yield parameters of onion. The treatments of herbicides applied include the single of active ingredient and their combinations. The single of active ingredient such as Oxyfluorfen at the dose of 270; 180; and 90 g a.i./fed, Clethodim at the dose of 93.75; 62.5; and 31.25 g a.i./fed. The combination used the Oxyfluorfen + Clethodim such as 270+93.75; 180+62.5; and 90+31.25 g a.i./fed. Results showed that Weed control efficiency (WCE) for broadleaves species the maximum percent was recorded for Oxyfluorfen (270 g a.i./fed). In controlling narrow leaves weed species, the maximum percent was recorded in Clethodim (93.75 g a.i./fed). While controlling broadleaf and narrow leaves weeds, the maximum percent was recorded in Oxyfluorfen + Clethodim (270+93.75 g a.i./fed). Growth, and yield parameters as plant height, bulb weight and bulb diameters were recorded maximum in Oxyfluorfen + Clethodim (270+93.75 g a.i./fed) compared to rest for the treatments. We suggest that the best treatment was Oxyfluorfen + Clethodim (270+93.75 g a.i./fed) for controlling all species of weeds in the onion plant.
通过2个试验，研究了不同用量除草剂对阔叶和窄叶杂草的防治效果以及洋葱的生长和产量参数。除草剂的施用处理包括有效成分的单一施用和有效成分的组合施用。氟氧芬等有效成分的单一剂量为270;180;90 g a.i./ d，以93.75剂量给药;62.5;31.25 g a.i./fed。组合使用氟氧芬+氯虫灵如270+93.75;180 + 62.5;90+31.25 g a.i./fed。结果表明，氟氧芬(270 g a.i./饲料)对阔叶植物的除草效率最高;在控制窄叶杂草种类方面，竹竹的防效率最高(93.75 g a.i./饲料)。在阔叶杂草和窄叶杂草的防治中，氟虫芬+杀虫灵的防效率最高(270+93.75 g a.i./饲料)。与其他处理相比，氟氧芬+乳香(270+93.75 g a.i./饲料)处理的生长和产量参数(如株高、鳞茎质量和鳞茎直径)最高。结果表明，以氟氧芬+杀虫灵(270+93.75 g a.i./投喂)处理对洋葱所有杂草均有较好的防治效果。
{"title":"Performance of different herbicides and their combinations on weed control, growth and yield parameters of onion ( Allium cepa L.)","authors":"S. El-Sagheer, Taha Yossef Hilal, S. Temerak, Sherif Abou","doi":"10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2020.3.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2020.3.7","url":null,"abstract":"Two experiments were carried out to study the efficacy of herbicides with different rates for controlling broadleaf and narrow leaves weeds, growth and yield parameters of onion. The treatments of herbicides applied include the single of active ingredient and their combinations. The single of active ingredient such as Oxyfluorfen at the dose of 270; 180; and 90 g a.i./fed, Clethodim at the dose of 93.75; 62.5; and 31.25 g a.i./fed. The combination used the Oxyfluorfen + Clethodim such as 270+93.75; 180+62.5; and 90+31.25 g a.i./fed. Results showed that Weed control efficiency (WCE) for broadleaves species the maximum percent was recorded for Oxyfluorfen (270 g a.i./fed). In controlling narrow leaves weed species, the maximum percent was recorded in Clethodim (93.75 g a.i./fed). While controlling broadleaf and narrow leaves weeds, the maximum percent was recorded in Oxyfluorfen + Clethodim (270+93.75 g a.i./fed). Growth, and yield parameters as plant height, bulb weight and bulb diameters were recorded maximum in Oxyfluorfen + Clethodim (270+93.75 g a.i./fed) compared to rest for the treatments. We suggest that the best treatment was Oxyfluorfen + Clethodim (270+93.75 g a.i./fed) for controlling all species of weeds in the onion plant.","PeriodicalId":16980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Weed Science","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90913379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2020.3.9
Blaire Kleiman, A. Primoli, S. Koptur, K. Jayachandran
The use of weeds as insectary plants is an emerging management tactic by agroecologists to sustain beneficial insect species. Fallow lands have always been used by insects, and are an important part of their diet in fragmented ecosystems. Weeds provide nectar and floral resources to beneficial insects, and provide resources to keep those insects within a field in between flowering events. Using weeds as a tool in agricultural production reliant on pollination allows farmers to increase yield, end herbicide use, and increase biodiversity of both plants and insects. Native weeds expand the range of native insects from natural areas into agroecosystems, supporting insects that buffer against lapses in pollination by agricultural honey bees. Weeds also support parasitoid and predatory insects by providing nectar and pollen to adults, as well as alternative prey. This review examines the plant-insect ecological interactions supported by weeds left within a farm, and their potential role in supporting pollinators and parasitoids.
{"title":"Weeds, Pollinators, and Parasitoids - Using Weeds for Insect Manipulation in Agriculture","authors":"Blaire Kleiman, A. Primoli, S. Koptur, K. Jayachandran","doi":"10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2020.3.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2020.3.9","url":null,"abstract":"The use of weeds as insectary plants is an emerging management tactic by agroecologists to sustain beneficial insect species. Fallow lands have always been used by insects, and are an important part of their diet in fragmented ecosystems. Weeds provide nectar and floral resources to beneficial insects, and provide resources to keep those insects within a field in between flowering events. Using weeds as a tool in agricultural production reliant on pollination allows farmers to increase yield, end herbicide use, and increase biodiversity of both plants and insects. Native weeds expand the range of native insects from natural areas into agroecosystems, supporting insects that buffer against lapses in pollination by agricultural honey bees. Weeds also support parasitoid and predatory insects by providing nectar and pollen to adults, as well as alternative prey. This review examines the plant-insect ecological interactions supported by weeds left within a farm, and their potential role in supporting pollinators and parasitoids.","PeriodicalId":16980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Weed Science","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78786732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2020.3.10
A. Liersch, J. Bocianowski, W. Popławska, F. Wielebski, I. Bartkowiak-Broda
Oilseed rape (OSR) has one of the highest potential for gene flow through seed and pollen. Volunteer plants are one of the most important sources of contamination of OSR crop of different quality cultivars. The aim of this study was to estimate the abundance of soil seed bank after the harvest of high erucic (HE) cultivar Maplus and to determine biochemical and molecular characteristics of OSR volunteers. The investigation comprised volunteers of oilseed rape obtained from the soil seed bank in two localities in Poland: Dlon and Zielecin (Greater Poland Voivodeship). The seeds of volunteers and reference cultivars were analyzed using biochemical (erucic acid and glucosinolates [GLS]) and molecular biology methods. In seeds of volunteers, erucic acid content ranged from 0 to 57.4% of all fatty acids and glucosinolate content ranged from 5.2 to 105.0 µmol g−1 of seeds. In sowing seeds of the cultivar Maplus, the erucic acid content was 57% and total glucosinolates were 12.6 µmol g−1 of seeds. RAPD markers were used to determine genetic similarity coefficient and relationship between polymorphic RAPD markers and erucic acid and total GLS content. Twenty RAPD markers showed statistically significant association with erucic acid and GLS content in seeds. Volunteers originating from the investigated soil seed bank were characterized by different content of erucic acid and GLS in seeds typical for different types of oilseed rape cultivars: double low (00, canola type), cultivars with zero erucic acid and high GLS content (0HG) and traditional cultivars with high erucic acid and high GLS content (HEHG). The results of this study, especially the presence in soil seed bank the seeds of very old cultivars, confirm that seeds of rapeseed of different origin may persist for a long time at the stage of secondary dormancy.
{"title":"Chemical and molecular characteristics of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) volunteers from the soil seed bank","authors":"A. Liersch, J. Bocianowski, W. Popławska, F. Wielebski, I. Bartkowiak-Broda","doi":"10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2020.3.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2020.3.10","url":null,"abstract":"Oilseed rape (OSR) has one of the highest potential for gene flow through seed and pollen. Volunteer plants are one of the most important sources of contamination of OSR crop of different quality cultivars. The aim of this study was to estimate the abundance of soil seed bank after the harvest of high erucic (HE) cultivar Maplus and to determine biochemical and molecular characteristics of OSR volunteers. The investigation comprised volunteers of oilseed rape obtained from the soil seed bank in two localities in Poland: Dlon and Zielecin (Greater Poland Voivodeship). The seeds of volunteers and reference cultivars were analyzed using biochemical (erucic acid and glucosinolates [GLS]) and molecular biology methods. In seeds of volunteers, erucic acid content ranged from 0 to 57.4% of all fatty acids and glucosinolate content ranged from 5.2 to 105.0 µmol g−1 of seeds. In sowing seeds of the cultivar Maplus, the erucic acid content was 57% and total glucosinolates were 12.6 µmol g−1 of seeds. RAPD markers were used to determine genetic similarity coefficient and relationship between polymorphic RAPD markers and erucic acid and total GLS content. Twenty RAPD markers showed statistically significant association with erucic acid and GLS content in seeds. Volunteers originating from the investigated soil seed bank were characterized by different content of erucic acid and GLS in seeds typical for different types of oilseed rape cultivars: double low (00, canola type), cultivars with zero erucic acid and high GLS content (0HG) and traditional cultivars with high erucic acid and high GLS content (HEHG). The results of this study, especially the presence in soil seed bank the seeds of very old cultivars, confirm that seeds of rapeseed of different origin may persist for a long time at the stage of secondary dormancy.","PeriodicalId":16980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Weed Science","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81929491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2020.3.8
Mallik Baby Babita Das, B. Acharya, M. Saquib, M. Chettri
Seed germination of some crops (Brassica campestris and Triticum aestivum) and weed seeds (Ageratum conyzoides, Bidens pilosa, Cyperus rotundus and Galinsoga parviflora) was studied under different environmental conditions like moisture (concentrations 3, 6, 9, 12, 15ml), temperature (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25˚C), pH (value 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9) and light (normal, red, yellow, blue, green and dark color). For the crops too much lower or higher moisture was not favorable for germination and growth. Experiments under different moisture conditions showed that C. rotundus and G. parviflora do not require more moisture to germinate and grow. Seed germination of both crops enhanced insignificantly at 15 to 20˚C treatments. Seed germination of all weed seeds was insignificantly high at 10 to 15˚C. The percentage of seed germination of both crops increased significantly in normal and green light. Seed germination of A. conyzoides, C. rotundus and G. parviflora was insignificantly different in normal, red, yellow and green light. Germination of all weed seeds was completely inhibited by blue and dark light. The shoot and root length of weed A. conyzoides was found to be significantly high (P=0.05) in yellow light treatment, but in B. pilosa, it was high in red and green light. Similarly in C. rotundus, shoot and root length were high in normal light but in of G. parviflora it was high in green light treatment. Seed germination and seedling growth were higher in pH5-7 in most cases.
{"title":"Seed germination and seedling growth of some crops and weed seeds under different environmental conditions","authors":"Mallik Baby Babita Das, B. Acharya, M. Saquib, M. Chettri","doi":"10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2020.3.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2020.3.8","url":null,"abstract":"Seed germination of some crops (Brassica campestris and Triticum aestivum) and weed seeds (Ageratum conyzoides, Bidens pilosa, Cyperus rotundus and Galinsoga parviflora) was studied under different environmental conditions like moisture (concentrations 3, 6, 9, 12, 15ml), temperature (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25˚C), pH (value 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9) and light (normal, red, yellow, blue, green and dark color). For the crops too much lower or higher moisture was not favorable for germination and growth. Experiments under different moisture conditions showed that C. rotundus and G. parviflora do not require more moisture to germinate and grow. Seed germination of both crops enhanced insignificantly at 15 to 20˚C treatments. Seed germination of all weed seeds was insignificantly high at 10 to 15˚C. The percentage of seed germination of both crops increased significantly in normal and green light. Seed germination of A. conyzoides, C. rotundus and G. parviflora was insignificantly different in normal, red, yellow and green light. Germination of all weed seeds was completely inhibited by blue and dark light. The shoot and root length of weed A. conyzoides was found to be significantly high (P=0.05) in yellow light treatment, but in B. pilosa, it was high in red and green light. Similarly in C. rotundus, shoot and root length were high in normal light but in of G. parviflora it was high in green light treatment. Seed germination and seedling growth were higher in pH5-7 in most cases.","PeriodicalId":16980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Weed Science","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81643983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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