Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2020.3.6
Md. Rakib Hasan, Md. Parvez Anwar, A. Hasan, Md. Al Amin, A. Islam
Growing two or more cultivars of same crop species in mixture reduces intra-specific competition for natural resources and increases competitive ability of crops against weed growth and thus enhances crop yield. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potentiality of growing rice cultivars in mixtures in temporal dimension for minimizing weed pressure and increasing rice yield and to determine the best time of introduction of one cultivar in relation to another cultivar. The experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during aman season (July-December) 2017. Two transplanted aman rice cultivars having different plant height and growth duration viz. Binadhan-13 (tall, late- maturing and fine grained aromatic rice cultivar) and BRRI dhan49 (semi-dwarf, mid-maturing and coarse grained rice cultivar) were used in this study. The experiment comprised time of introduction of BRRI dhan49 namely 7 days before Binadhan-13, 7 days after Binadhan-13, same day as Binadhan-13, Binadhan-13 as sole crop, BRRI dhan49 as sole crop and three different weeding regime namely weedy, recommended weeding and weed free. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Both the cultivars showed better growth and higher yield when grown in mixture rather than sole culture. Transplanting of one cultivar before or after another cultivar produced more yield and suppressed weed better than transplanting of two cultivars on the same day. Thus only spatial arrangement produced no advantages over sole culture. Among the weeding regimes, weedy treatment performed the worst, while recommended weeding and weed free treatment performed similarly. Therefore, for better weed suppression and higher production, BRRI dhan49 may be transplanted 7 days before or after Binadhan-13 in 1:1 ratio following recommended weeding.
{"title":"Temporal deployment of cultivar mixture suppresses weed and enhances rice yield","authors":"Md. Rakib Hasan, Md. Parvez Anwar, A. Hasan, Md. Al Amin, A. Islam","doi":"10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2020.3.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2020.3.6","url":null,"abstract":"Growing two or more cultivars of same crop species in mixture reduces intra-specific competition for natural resources and increases competitive ability of crops against weed growth and thus enhances crop yield. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potentiality of growing rice cultivars in mixtures in temporal dimension for minimizing weed pressure and increasing rice yield and to determine the best time of introduction of one cultivar in relation to another cultivar. The experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during aman season (July-December) 2017. Two transplanted aman rice cultivars having different plant height and growth duration viz. Binadhan-13 (tall, late- maturing and fine grained aromatic rice cultivar) and BRRI dhan49 (semi-dwarf, mid-maturing and coarse grained rice cultivar) were used in this study. The experiment comprised time of introduction of BRRI dhan49 namely 7 days before Binadhan-13, 7 days after Binadhan-13, same day as Binadhan-13, Binadhan-13 as sole crop, BRRI dhan49 as sole crop and three different weeding regime namely weedy, recommended weeding and weed free. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Both the cultivars showed better growth and higher yield when grown in mixture rather than sole culture. Transplanting of one cultivar before or after another cultivar produced more yield and suppressed weed better than transplanting of two cultivars on the same day. Thus only spatial arrangement produced no advantages over sole culture. Among the weeding regimes, weedy treatment performed the worst, while recommended weeding and weed free treatment performed similarly. Therefore, for better weed suppression and higher production, BRRI dhan49 may be transplanted 7 days before or after Binadhan-13 in 1:1 ratio following recommended weeding.","PeriodicalId":16980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Weed Science","volume":"192 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79650550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2020.3.5
U. Sarker, Md. Romij Uddin, G. Faruk
Application of crop residues can be a good option for organic and sustainable weed management in rice. Consequently, the use of crop residues can suppress weed emergence and weed biomass. A study was conducted in two consecutive seasons firstly to optimize the mixture ratio to soil (v/v) of different crop residues on inhibition of common weed species and secondly to evaluate their performance on rice growth and yield. Among the crop residues used in this study sorghum was the most effective followed by mustard, barley, soybean, rice, wheat, triticale, maize, lentil and grasspea. The 50:50 (crop: soil, v/v) treatments incorporation rate of all crop residues suppressed the growth of all weed species in maximum level. The result revealed that broadleaf weed species were more susceptible to crop residues than grass weed species. In this respect, the highest growth inhibition (54.49%) was observed in controlling Monochoria vaginalis. Variety and rate of sorghum residues application significantly influenced weed growth and inhibition. A maximum increment in terms of plant height, dry weight and yield was observed due to sorghum 2.0 t ha-1 residue applications. Considering yield and yield contributing characters, highest grain and straw yield was obtained from BRRI dhan29. All together, the result depicted that crop residues can effectively control weed along with enhancing growth and yield of rice and it can be successfully used in weed management program in rice.
施用作物残茬是水稻有机和可持续杂草管理的一个很好的选择。因此，利用作物残茬可以抑制杂草的出现和杂草生物量。通过连续两个季节的试验，首先优化不同作物秸秆对常见杂草的抑制作用，其次评价不同作物秸秆对水稻生长和产量的影响。在本研究使用的作物秸秆中，高粱的效果最好，其次是芥菜、大麦、大豆、水稻、小麦、小黑麦、玉米、扁豆和草籽。所有作物秸秆掺入率为50:50(作物:土壤，v/v)的处理对所有杂草种类的生长抑制最大。结果表明，阔叶杂草对作物残留的敏感性高于禾本科杂草。在这方面，控制阴道单殖菌的生长抑制率最高(54.49%)。高粱秸秆施用品种和用量对杂草生长和抑制作用有显著影响。施用2.0 t ha-1秸秆对高粱株高、干重和产量的影响最大。综合考虑产量和产量贡献性状，BRRI dhan29的籽粒和秸秆产量最高。综上所述，作物残茬能有效控制杂草，促进水稻生长和产量，可成功应用于水稻杂草管理方案。
{"title":"Weed suppressing ability and performance of common crop residues for sustainable weed management","authors":"U. Sarker, Md. Romij Uddin, G. Faruk","doi":"10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2020.3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2020.3.5","url":null,"abstract":"Application of crop residues can be a good option for organic and sustainable weed management in rice. Consequently, the use of crop residues can suppress weed emergence and weed biomass. A study was conducted in two consecutive seasons firstly to optimize the mixture ratio to soil (v/v) of different crop residues on inhibition of common weed species and secondly to evaluate their performance on rice growth and yield. Among the crop residues used in this study sorghum was the most effective followed by mustard, barley, soybean, rice, wheat, triticale, maize, lentil and grasspea. The 50:50 (crop: soil, v/v) treatments incorporation rate of all crop residues suppressed the growth of all weed species in maximum level. The result revealed that broadleaf weed species were more susceptible to crop residues than grass weed species. In this respect, the highest growth inhibition (54.49%) was observed in controlling Monochoria vaginalis. Variety and rate of sorghum residues application significantly influenced weed growth and inhibition. A maximum increment in terms of plant height, dry weight and yield was observed due to sorghum 2.0 t ha-1 residue applications. Considering yield and yield contributing characters, highest grain and straw yield was obtained from BRRI dhan29. All together, the result depicted that crop residues can effectively control weed along with enhancing growth and yield of rice and it can be successfully used in weed management program in rice.","PeriodicalId":16980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Weed Science","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80771360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-01DOI: 10.26655/jrweedsci.2020.1.10
Mohammed A. Mohammed, Rezene Fessehai
The study was conducted with the aim of assessing the distribution and abundance of invasive alien plant species (IAPS) in two administrative Zones (1 and 3) of the Afar region. Data were collected using systematic sampling technique and regular intervals of 10 km were used during the field survey. The following weeds Calotropis procera, Cryptostegia grandiflora, Jatropha curcas, Lantana camara, Opuntia stricta, Parkinsonia aculeata, Parthenium hysterophorus, Prosopis juliflora, Senna occidentalis, and Solanum incanum were recorded in this study. Prosopis was found in 38% of the 91 sample waypoints in the altitude range of 347-1005 meters above sea level whereas C. procera was recorded in 28% of the interceptions between 347 m and 1010 meters above sea level. P. hysterophorus occurred in 15 % of the waypoints in the altitudes ranged from 603 to 1005 meters above sea level. C. grandiflora and P. aculeata were observed respectively in 3% and 6% of the interceptions while L. camara and O. stricta were recorded only at a single waypoint. Higher abundance levels were observed for P. juliflora and C. procera. The majority of the IAPS were found infesting diversified habitats such as road sides, cropland, grazing land, riversides, forest and habitation areas. Awash Fentale district had the highest IAPS richness by possessing all the recorded species. The detailed distribution maps of the identified IAPS were developed and prioritization and ranking of invasive species was made based on abundance levels. The results of this study can be used in invasive weed management or extension programs that aim to tackle major IAPS problems in the region.
{"title":"Assessment on the distribution and spread of invasive alien plant species: the case of Zone 1 and 3 of the Afar region, Ethiopia","authors":"Mohammed A. Mohammed, Rezene Fessehai","doi":"10.26655/jrweedsci.2020.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26655/jrweedsci.2020.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted with the aim of assessing the distribution and abundance of invasive alien plant species (IAPS) in two administrative Zones (1 and 3) of the Afar region. Data were collected using systematic sampling technique and regular intervals of 10 km were used during the field survey. The following weeds Calotropis procera, Cryptostegia grandiflora, Jatropha curcas, Lantana camara, Opuntia stricta, Parkinsonia aculeata, Parthenium hysterophorus, Prosopis juliflora, Senna occidentalis, and Solanum incanum were recorded in this study. Prosopis was found in 38% of the 91 sample waypoints in the altitude range of 347-1005 meters above sea level whereas C. procera was recorded in 28% of the interceptions between 347 m and 1010 meters above sea level. P. hysterophorus occurred in 15 % of the waypoints in the altitudes ranged from 603 to 1005 meters above sea level. C. grandiflora and P. aculeata were observed respectively in 3% and 6% of the interceptions while L. camara and O. stricta were recorded only at a single waypoint. Higher abundance levels were observed for P. juliflora and C. procera. The majority of the IAPS were found infesting diversified habitats such as road sides, cropland, grazing land, riversides, forest and habitation areas. Awash Fentale district had the highest IAPS richness by possessing all the recorded species. The detailed distribution maps of the identified IAPS were developed and prioritization and ranking of invasive species was made based on abundance levels. The results of this study can be used in invasive weed management or extension programs that aim to tackle major IAPS problems in the region.","PeriodicalId":16980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Weed Science","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80638856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2020.1.2
Habtamu Yigermal, Kelemu Nakachew, F. Assefa
Water hyacinth is free-floating, stoloniferous and perennial herb. It is an aquatic invasive species; native to South America and most aggressive invasive species worldwide. It profoundly invaded the tropical and subtropical region of the world, as a result of ornamental properties and reproductive capability of the weed. In addition, it is recognized as one of the worst weeds due to its rapid proliferation rate, ecological adaptability and detrimental effects on environment, human health and economic development. It poses serious socio-economic and environmental problems includes destruction of biodiversity, hindrance to water transport and recreation, oxygen depletion and reduction of water quality, breeding ground for pests, vectors and their effect on human health, hampering agriculture and fisheries, affect hydropower and water supply systems and increased evapo-transpiration. Therefore deferent management strategies such as physical, chemical and biological methods had been used to control the weed. Accordingly manual removal was used in South Africa; Zimbabwe Lake Mutirikwi; Ethiopia Wonji-Shewa Sugar Factory and Owen fall hydropower in Jinja at Lake Victoria. Chemical control was practiced in Zimbabwe Lake Chivero using 2-4-D; South-west Nigeria Ere fishing channel by glyphosate; South Africa larger dams and river systems by using glyphosate; Zimbabwe acetic acid and glyphosate control the weed at experimental site. Biological control was practiced in Zimbabwe Lake Chivero through combination of weevil and fungi; Kenya Lake Victoria and China by two types of weevils (Neochetina bruchi and Neochetina eichhornia) and Ethiopia Neochetina bruchi and fungi at Rift Valley and in green house at experimental level respectively.
{"title":"Distribution, threats and management options for water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) in Ethiopia: A review","authors":"Habtamu Yigermal, Kelemu Nakachew, F. Assefa","doi":"10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2020.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2020.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Water hyacinth is free-floating, stoloniferous and perennial herb. It is an aquatic invasive species; native to South America and most aggressive invasive species worldwide. It profoundly invaded the tropical and subtropical region of the world, as a result of ornamental properties and reproductive capability of the weed. In addition, it is recognized as one of the worst weeds due to its rapid proliferation rate, ecological adaptability and detrimental effects on environment, human health and economic development. It poses serious socio-economic and environmental problems includes destruction of biodiversity, hindrance to water transport and recreation, oxygen depletion and reduction of water quality, breeding ground for pests, vectors and their effect on human health, hampering agriculture and fisheries, affect hydropower and water supply systems and increased evapo-transpiration. Therefore deferent management strategies such as physical, chemical and biological methods had been used to control the weed. Accordingly manual removal was used in South Africa; Zimbabwe Lake Mutirikwi; Ethiopia Wonji-Shewa Sugar Factory and Owen fall hydropower in Jinja at Lake Victoria. Chemical control was practiced in Zimbabwe Lake Chivero using 2-4-D; South-west Nigeria Ere fishing channel by glyphosate; South Africa larger dams and river systems by using glyphosate; Zimbabwe acetic acid and glyphosate control the weed at experimental site. Biological control was practiced in Zimbabwe Lake Chivero through combination of weevil and fungi; Kenya Lake Victoria and China by two types of weevils (Neochetina bruchi and Neochetina eichhornia) and Ethiopia Neochetina bruchi and fungi at Rift Valley and in green house at experimental level respectively.","PeriodicalId":16980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Weed Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89753455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-07DOI: 10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2020.3.1
Linda Chikeyi Muchimba, Tamara Tonga Kambikambi, K. Munyinda, Paul W. Kachapulula
Smallholder farmers have challenges of weed control and mostly they use cultural control methods because chemical control with herbicides is usually costly. However, Lantana camara L. is known to be allelopathic to other plants hence a worthy candidate for biological control of weeds under cowpea production. A field study was conducted to determine the potential for L. camara to control weeds in cowpea at the University of Zambia Agricultural Experimentation Station. Leaves were harvested from two genotypes of L. camara (G1: Pink-flowered and G2: Orange-flowered genotypes) dried and pulverized to form a powder and applied at different rates (R0C: 0 kg ha-1, R1: 100 kg ha-1, R2: 200 kg ha-1, R3: 400 kg ha-1) using the following types of application: T0C: No application, T1: broadcasting, T2: incorporation in the soil and T3: spraying of soaked ground L. camara. The research was conducted at the University Of Zambia School Of Agricultural Sciences Field Station. The experiment was arranged in a split split-plot design with three replications. Weed population density and weed weight were reduced the most (38% and 12.5%, respectively) at the highest rate (R3: 400 kg ha-1) of L. camara application. The cowpea grain yield was higher (P< 0.05) in fields treated with G1 (mean =876.90 kg ha-1) than for G2 (mean =672.10 kg ha-1). G1 increased cowpea grain yield by 36.04%. Lantana camara holds great potential to increase food security by reducing losses associated with weeds in cowpea.
小农在控制杂草方面面临挑战，他们大多使用文化控制方法，因为用除草剂进行化学控制通常很昂贵。然而，众所周知的是，蓝斑草对其他植物具有化感作用，因此它是豇豆生产中有价值的生物防治杂草的候选者。在赞比亚大学农业试验站进行了一项田间研究，以确定卡马拉菌对豇豆杂草的控制潜力。将两个基因型(G1:粉色花基因型和G2:橙色花基因型)的叶片进行干燥和粉碎，形成粉末，并按不同的速率(R0C: 0 kg ha-1, R1: 100 kg ha-1, R2: 200 kg ha-1, R3: 400 kg ha-1)施用:T0C:不施用，T1:撒播，T2:与土壤结合，T3:喷洒浸透地面的camara. camara。这项研究是在赞比亚大学农业科学学院野外研究站进行的。试验采用3个重复的分割样区设计。在最大剂量(R3: 400 kg hm -1)下，柽柳的杂草密度和重量降低幅度最大(分别为38%和12.5%)。G1处理的豇豆产量(平均876.90 kg ha-1)高于G2处理(平均672.10 kg ha-1) (P< 0.05)。G1使豇豆籽粒产量提高36.04%。通过减少与豇豆杂草相关的损失，Lantana camara在增加粮食安全方面具有巨大潜力。
{"title":"Allelopathic potential of Lantana camara for weed control in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp)","authors":"Linda Chikeyi Muchimba, Tamara Tonga Kambikambi, K. Munyinda, Paul W. Kachapulula","doi":"10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2020.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2020.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"Smallholder farmers have challenges of weed control and mostly they use cultural control methods because chemical control with herbicides is usually costly. However, Lantana camara L. is known to be allelopathic to other plants hence a worthy candidate for biological control of weeds under cowpea production. A field study was conducted to determine the potential for L. camara to control weeds in cowpea at the University of Zambia Agricultural Experimentation Station. Leaves were harvested from two genotypes of L. camara (G1: Pink-flowered and G2: Orange-flowered genotypes) dried and pulverized to form a powder and applied at different rates (R0C: 0 kg ha-1, R1: 100 kg ha-1, R2: 200 kg ha-1, R3: 400 kg ha-1) using the following types of application: T0C: No application, T1: broadcasting, T2: incorporation in the soil and T3: spraying of soaked ground L. camara. The research was conducted at the University Of Zambia School Of Agricultural Sciences Field Station. The experiment was arranged in a split split-plot design with three replications. Weed population density and weed weight were reduced the most (38% and 12.5%, respectively) at the highest rate (R3: 400 kg ha-1) of L. camara application. The cowpea grain yield was higher (P< 0.05) in fields treated with G1 (mean =876.90 kg ha-1) than for G2 (mean =672.10 kg ha-1). G1 increased cowpea grain yield by 36.04%. Lantana camara holds great potential to increase food security by reducing losses associated with weeds in cowpea.","PeriodicalId":16980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Weed Science","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72697218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2019.4.3
Hoan Nguyen, Jenna M. Malone, M. Krishnan, P. Boutsalis, C. Preston
Glyphosate resistant Echinochloa colona is widespread in fallow systems of northern Australia from intensive glyphosate use. The inheritance of glyphosate resistance and the potential for gene transfer through pollen from resistant to susceptible individuals were investigated. A glyphosate resistant population A533.1, containing a mutation in EPSPS, was used as the resistant parent and Echi S as the susceptible parent. Gene flow via pollen between adjacent susceptible and resistant individuals was examined by treating progeny from the susceptible individuals at 240 g ha-1 glyphosate with 1.38% gene flow detected. Survivors were selfed and the progeny segregated 3:1 for survival to 240 g ha-1 glyphosate, consistent with single dominant gene inheritance. Hand crosses between resistant and susceptible individuals produced a single F1 seed which carried the mutation in EPSPS. The F2 generation from the hand cross had a response to glyphosate, intermediate between the two parents and similar to that expected for a single largely dominant gene. Sequencing the EPSPS cDNA detected at least two EPSPS genes expressed in E. colona, only one of which carried the mutation. Glyphosate resistance in this population of E. colona is inherited as a single largely dominant allele.
由于草甘膦的大量使用，澳大利亚北部的休耕系统中普遍存在抗草甘膦棘球藻。研究了草甘膦抗性的遗传及其通过花粉向易感个体转移的可能性。以含有EPSPS突变的抗草甘膦群体A533.1为抗性亲本，以Echi S为敏感亲本。通过240 g ha-1草甘膦处理易感个体后代，检测相邻易感个体与抗性个体之间的花粉基因流，检测到1.38%的基因流。幸存者自交，后代以3:1的比例分离，生存于240 g ha-1草甘膦环境中，符合单显性基因遗传。抗性和易感个体之间的手杂交产生了一个携带EPSPS突变的F1种子。手交的F2代对草甘膦有反应，介于双亲之间，与单一显性基因的反应相似。EPSPS cDNA测序检测到至少两个EPSPS基因在大肠杆菌中表达，其中只有一个携带突变。该大肠杆菌群体的草甘膦抗性是作为一个主要显性等位基因遗传的。
{"title":"Inheritance of glyphosate resistance in Echinochloa colona from Australia","authors":"Hoan Nguyen, Jenna M. Malone, M. Krishnan, P. Boutsalis, C. Preston","doi":"10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2019.4.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2019.4.3","url":null,"abstract":"Glyphosate resistant Echinochloa colona is widespread in fallow systems of northern Australia from intensive glyphosate use. The inheritance of glyphosate resistance and the potential for gene transfer through pollen from resistant to susceptible individuals were investigated. A glyphosate resistant population A533.1, containing a mutation in EPSPS, was used as the resistant parent and Echi S as the susceptible parent. Gene flow via pollen between adjacent susceptible and resistant individuals was examined by treating progeny from the susceptible individuals at 240 g ha-1 glyphosate with 1.38% gene flow detected. Survivors were selfed and the progeny segregated 3:1 for survival to 240 g ha-1 glyphosate, consistent with single dominant gene inheritance. Hand crosses between resistant and susceptible individuals produced a single F1 seed which carried the mutation in EPSPS. The F2 generation from the hand cross had a response to glyphosate, intermediate between the two parents and similar to that expected for a single largely dominant gene. Sequencing the EPSPS cDNA detected at least two EPSPS genes expressed in E. colona, only one of which carried the mutation. Glyphosate resistance in this population of E. colona is inherited as a single largely dominant allele.","PeriodicalId":16980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Weed Science","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74489370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2019.4.5
H. Torun, F. Uygur
This study was carried out to determine the impact of three-year crop rotation in sampling fields on winter wild oat (Avena sterilis L.) populations in Osmaniye wheat sown areas. The study was conducted in Osmaniye province between the years 2013-2015. A total of 103 fields in 7 districts’ wheat sown areas were determined; these sampling fields were visited every year during May-August and effects of different crops sown on winter wild oat populations were observed. Besides determining frequency of occurrence, randomly chosen general coverage in 1 decare and special coverage in 1 m2 in three points were specified. As a result of the study, it was determined that all of the crops except wheat decreased winter wild oat populations and it was found that the changes were related to the crop rotations. It was determined that corn, sunflower, soybean and peanut sown in 2nd and 3rd year instead of wheat decreased the frequency of winter wild oat at 2% and below. Moreover, when the three-year crop rotation system was analyzed, it was revealed that the maximum decrease in winter wild oat population general coverage occurred in 4 crop rotation period. It can be found that populations decrease can be up to more than 90% when compared to 2 and 3 crop rotation systems. It was concluded that crop rotations are sufficient in controlling winter wild oat that are problematic in wheat fields.
{"title":"Effect of Crop Rotations on Winter Wild Oat (Avena sterilis L.) Populations in Osmaniye Province Wheat Sown Areas","authors":"H. Torun, F. Uygur","doi":"10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2019.4.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2019.4.5","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out to determine the impact of three-year crop rotation in sampling fields on winter wild oat (Avena sterilis L.) populations in Osmaniye wheat sown areas. The study was conducted in Osmaniye province between the years 2013-2015. A total of 103 fields in 7 districts’ wheat sown areas were determined; these sampling fields were visited every year during May-August and effects of different crops sown on winter wild oat populations were observed. Besides determining frequency of occurrence, randomly chosen general coverage in 1 decare and special coverage in 1 m2 in three points were specified. As a result of the study, it was determined that all of the crops except wheat decreased winter wild oat populations and it was found that the changes were related to the crop rotations. It was determined that corn, sunflower, soybean and peanut sown in 2nd and 3rd year instead of wheat decreased the frequency of winter wild oat at 2% and below. Moreover, when the three-year crop rotation system was analyzed, it was revealed that the maximum decrease in winter wild oat population general coverage occurred in 4 crop rotation period. It can be found that populations decrease can be up to more than 90% when compared to 2 and 3 crop rotation systems. It was concluded that crop rotations are sufficient in controlling winter wild oat that are problematic in wheat fields.","PeriodicalId":16980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Weed Science","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87174237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2019.4.6
M. Safdar, A. Aziz, U. Farooq, M. Hayat, A. Rehman, R. Qamar, Amjed Ali, T. Awan
Studies were conducted to ascertain the phytotoxic action of aqueous extracts and rhizospheric soils of wasteland weeds such as Parthenium hysterophorus L., Withania somnifera L., Lantana camara L., and Achyranthes aspera L. against four summer crops viz., Gossypium hirsutum L., Helianthus annuus L., Oryza sativa L. and Zea mays L. Experiment was carried out in Agronomy Laboratory, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Punjab-Pakistan. In first experiment, the 5% (w/v) aqueous extract prepared from whole plant of each weed was applied to germinating crop seeds sown in petri plates. In the second experiment soils collected from rhizosphere of these weeds were filled in plastic pots and used as germination medium for seeds of these crops. A constant temperature of 30oC was maintained in germinator throughout the germination period of 12 days. In first experiment, significantly lower germination percentages (31.7 and 38.3%) and germination indices (4.4 and 6.4) of crops were noted with application of A. aspera and P. hysterophorus extracts, respectively. All weed extracts except L. camara caused significant reduction in shoot length, root length, seedling length and seedling biomass of crops. Root growth of the crop seedlings was influenced more than their shoot growth. In second experiment, germination percentage, shoot dry weight, seedling biomass and seedling vigor index of crops were significantly inhibited by rhizospheric soil of all weeds. Among crops, H. annuus was more susceptible to the deleterious effect of the aqueous extracts as well as rhizospheric soils of weeds. It can be concluded that wasteland weeds especially P. hysterophorus and A. aspera imparted more negative impact on the germination and seedling growth of test crops. Therefore, crop fields and their surroundings should be kept free from these weeds by clean cultivation.
{"title":"Germination and growth of some summer crops as affected by allelopathicity of different waste-land weeds","authors":"M. Safdar, A. Aziz, U. Farooq, M. Hayat, A. Rehman, R. Qamar, Amjed Ali, T. Awan","doi":"10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2019.4.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2019.4.6","url":null,"abstract":"Studies were conducted to ascertain the phytotoxic action of aqueous extracts and rhizospheric soils of wasteland weeds such as Parthenium hysterophorus L., Withania somnifera L., Lantana camara L., and Achyranthes aspera L. against four summer crops viz., Gossypium hirsutum L., Helianthus annuus L., Oryza sativa L. and Zea mays L. Experiment was carried out in Agronomy Laboratory, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Punjab-Pakistan. In first experiment, the 5% (w/v) aqueous extract prepared from whole plant of each weed was applied to germinating crop seeds sown in petri plates. In the second experiment soils collected from rhizosphere of these weeds were filled in plastic pots and used as germination medium for seeds of these crops. A constant temperature of 30oC was maintained in germinator throughout the germination period of 12 days. In first experiment, significantly lower germination percentages (31.7 and 38.3%) and germination indices (4.4 and 6.4) of crops were noted with application of A. aspera and P. hysterophorus extracts, respectively. All weed extracts except L. camara caused significant reduction in shoot length, root length, seedling length and seedling biomass of crops. Root growth of the crop seedlings was influenced more than their shoot growth. In second experiment, germination percentage, shoot dry weight, seedling biomass and seedling vigor index of crops were significantly inhibited by rhizospheric soil of all weeds. Among crops, H. annuus was more susceptible to the deleterious effect of the aqueous extracts as well as rhizospheric soils of weeds. It can be concluded that wasteland weeds especially P. hysterophorus and A. aspera imparted more negative impact on the germination and seedling growth of test crops. Therefore, crop fields and their surroundings should be kept free from these weeds by clean cultivation.","PeriodicalId":16980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Weed Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79575784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2019.4.7
R. Shikha, A. Jha
The present study was conducted to evaluate the relative phytotoxic effects of different concentrations (15, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) of aqueous extract from stem and root of Parthenium hysterophorus on the rate of seed germination, length of root and shoot, and Seed Vigour Index (SVI) of Cicer aeritinum. In laboratory condition the experiment was set up in petri dishes, each petri dish contained ten seeds. Each treatment had ten replicates. A control condition was maintained using distilled water in place of stem or root aqueous extracts of Parthenium. The rate of seed germination in Cicer aeritinum in stem and root aqueous extracts of different concentrations decreased from 5% to 79%, and 0.0% to 22%, respectively. The inhibition value in root length in stem extracts varied from 11.14% to 85.96% and in root extract was from 13.14% to 64.25%. The inhibition in shoot length in stems and roots extracts varied from 14.67% to 50.19% and 73.68% to 85.86%, respectively. The Seed Vigour Index (SVI) value decreased from 16.38% to 94.99% in stem extract and 32.11% to 77.37% in root extract. The stem extract of Parthenium was more phytotoxic than the root extract in Cicer aeritinum. When the data collected were analysed using Tukey HSD and Post HOC Tests the phytotoxic impacts of plant parts (stem and root); treatments (15, 25, 50, 75 and 100% concentrations); and interactions between plant parts and treatments were highly significantly different at p < 0.000. Thus the present study indicated that the aqueous extracts of stem of Parthenium were recorded more phytotoxic than root extract on germination and growth of Cicer aeritinum.
{"title":"Relative phytotoxicity of stem and root aqueous extracts of Parthenium hysterophorus L. on Cicer aeritinum","authors":"R. Shikha, A. Jha","doi":"10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2019.4.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2019.4.7","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was conducted to evaluate the relative phytotoxic effects of different concentrations (15, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) of aqueous extract from stem and root of Parthenium hysterophorus on the rate of seed germination, length of root and shoot, and Seed Vigour Index (SVI) of Cicer aeritinum. In laboratory condition the experiment was set up in petri dishes, each petri dish contained ten seeds. Each treatment had ten replicates. A control condition was maintained using distilled water in place of stem or root aqueous extracts of Parthenium. The rate of seed germination in Cicer aeritinum in stem and root aqueous extracts of different concentrations decreased from 5% to 79%, and 0.0% to 22%, respectively. The inhibition value in root length in stem extracts varied from 11.14% to 85.96% and in root extract was from 13.14% to 64.25%. The inhibition in shoot length in stems and roots extracts varied from 14.67% to 50.19% and 73.68% to 85.86%, respectively. The Seed Vigour Index (SVI) value decreased from 16.38% to 94.99% in stem extract and 32.11% to 77.37% in root extract. The stem extract of Parthenium was more phytotoxic than the root extract in Cicer aeritinum. When the data collected were analysed using Tukey HSD and Post HOC Tests the phytotoxic impacts of plant parts (stem and root); treatments (15, 25, 50, 75 and 100% concentrations); and interactions between plant parts and treatments were highly significantly different at p < 0.000. Thus the present study indicated that the aqueous extracts of stem of Parthenium were recorded more phytotoxic than root extract on germination and growth of Cicer aeritinum.","PeriodicalId":16980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Weed Science","volume":"120 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91517611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2019.4.8
G. Kandel, B. Adhikari, R. Adhikari, B. Kandel
A field experiment was conducted to assess the growth, productivity and profitability of rice (Sukhadhan-3 variety) under different methods of weed management at Bhanu-11 Rupakot, Tanahun during rainy season 2017. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications and ten treatments. The phenological, growth, yield and yield attributing characters were observed in the experiment. Results revealed that maximum grain yield (5.91 ton ha-1) was obtained in application of butachlor at 4 days after transplanting (DAT) which was statistically at par with all other treatments except single manual weeding, single cono-weeding and non-weeding plots (3.66 ton ha-1). The highest grain yield obtained from this treatment was might be due to higher number of effective grains per panicle (203 grains), less sterility (6.4%), high test weight (30.7g) with good harvest index (38.4%). Although the single application of butachlor as pre emergence spray showed highest grain yield which seems economically viable and profitable practice to the farmers but it is not environmentally safe to the whole universe.
在2017年雨季，在塔那洪邦巴努-11鲁帕科特进行了田间试验，以评估不同杂草管理方法下水稻(Sukhadhan-3)的生长、生产力和盈利能力。试验采用随机完全区组设计，3个重复，10个处理。在试验中观察了其物候、生长、产量和产量归因特性。结果表明，丁草胺在移栽后4 d的产量最高(5.91 t hm -1)，与除单人工除草、单协同除草和不除草(3.66 t hm -1)外的其他处理具有统计学意义上的同等水平。单穗有效粒数较高(203粒)，不育性较低(6.4%)，试重较高(30.7g)，收获指数较高(38.4%)，产量最高。虽然单次喷施丁草胺的产量最高，对农民来说似乎是经济可行和有利可图的做法，但对整个世界来说并不安全。
{"title":"Evaluation the growth, productivity and profitability of rice (Sukhadhan-3 variety) under different methods of weed management","authors":"G. Kandel, B. Adhikari, R. Adhikari, B. Kandel","doi":"10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2019.4.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2019.4.8","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted to assess the growth, productivity and profitability of rice (Sukhadhan-3 variety) under different methods of weed management at Bhanu-11 Rupakot, Tanahun during rainy season 2017. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications and ten treatments. The phenological, growth, yield and yield attributing characters were observed in the experiment. Results revealed that maximum grain yield (5.91 ton ha-1) was obtained in application of butachlor at 4 days after transplanting (DAT) which was statistically at par with all other treatments except single manual weeding, single cono-weeding and non-weeding plots (3.66 ton ha-1). The highest grain yield obtained from this treatment was might be due to higher number of effective grains per panicle (203 grains), less sterility (6.4%), high test weight (30.7g) with good harvest index (38.4%). Although the single application of butachlor as pre emergence spray showed highest grain yield which seems economically viable and profitable practice to the farmers but it is not environmentally safe to the whole universe.","PeriodicalId":16980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Weed Science","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88536378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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