Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2019.3.2
O. Danmaigoro, Halilu A.G, Izge A.U
Field experiments were conducted on the research farm of Federal University Dutse in the Sudan savannah ecological zone Nigeria to evaluate the performance of upland rice varieties as affected by herbicide and poultry manure application. The two locations lie in the Sudan savanna ecological zone with a mean annual rainfall of 600 mm distributed between May and October. The treatments consisted of three rates of poultry manure (0, 5 and 10 t/ha) and five weed control treatments factorially combined in the main plot while two upland varieties of rice (Nerica and Faro 48) in the sub-plot. The treatments were laid out in a split-plot design with three replications. Application of pendimentaline+one hoe weeding at 6 WAS produced significantly greater plant height, leaf area, leaf area index, length panicle, panicle weight per plant, biological yield and the grain yield of rice than the other rates comparable with the hoe weeded control while the weedy check had the least. The application of 10 t/ha of poultry manure gave significantly greater plant height, leaf area, leaf area index, length of panicle, number of grain per panicle, harvest index and the grain yield of rice than the lowest rates (0 and 5 t/ha). It can be concluded that rice farmers in the sudan savanna zone of Nigeria can adopt 10 t/ha of manure, pendimentaline+one weeding control at 6 weeks after sown and the Faro 48 rice variety since the combination of these treatments gave better weed control, growth and yield of paddy rice.
{"title":"Growth and yield of direct seeded upland rice varieties as influenced by weed management and organic manure application","authors":"O. Danmaigoro, Halilu A.G, Izge A.U","doi":"10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2019.3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2019.3.2","url":null,"abstract":"Field experiments were conducted on the research farm of Federal University Dutse in the Sudan savannah ecological zone Nigeria to evaluate the performance of upland rice varieties as affected by herbicide and poultry manure application. The two locations lie in the Sudan savanna ecological zone with a mean annual rainfall of 600 mm distributed between May and October. The treatments consisted of three rates of poultry manure (0, 5 and 10 t/ha) and five weed control treatments factorially combined in the main plot while two upland varieties of rice (Nerica and Faro 48) in the sub-plot. The treatments were laid out in a split-plot design with three replications. Application of pendimentaline+one hoe weeding at 6 WAS produced significantly greater plant height, leaf area, leaf area index, length panicle, panicle weight per plant, biological yield and the grain yield of rice than the other rates comparable with the hoe weeded control while the weedy check had the least. The application of 10 t/ha of poultry manure gave significantly greater plant height, leaf area, leaf area index, length of panicle, number of grain per panicle, harvest index and the grain yield of rice than the lowest rates (0 and 5 t/ha). It can be concluded that rice farmers in the sudan savanna zone of Nigeria can adopt 10 t/ha of manure, pendimentaline+one weeding control at 6 weeks after sown and the Faro 48 rice variety since the combination of these treatments gave better weed control, growth and yield of paddy rice.","PeriodicalId":16980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Weed Science","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85809228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2019.3.1
D. Widayat, Yayan Sumekar, A. Wahyudin, Y. Yuwariah, C. Farida
Corn is one of the strategic food commodities in Indonesia which is currently widely used as animal feed ingredient. But the average productivity of national corn is still low. This study aims to determine the dose of herbicide ammonium glufosinate 200 g/L which can maintain the growth potential and yield of corn plants. The experiment was carried out at the Ciparanje Experimental Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, Sumedang Regency, West Java, with altitude of 750 meters above sea level in November 2017 to March 2018. The experimental method used was a randomized block design consisting of seven treatments which were repeated four times. The treatments tested consisted of: manual weeding, application of different doses of ammonium glufosinate (450, 600, 750, 900, and 1050 g/ha) and unweeded check. The results of the experiment showed that application of ammonium glufosinate 200 g/L herbicide is able to suppress weed growth in corn cultivation. The application of ammonium glufosinate 200 g/L herbicide starting from a dose of 600 g/ha is effective in suppressing weed growth and suppressing the loss of yield of corn due to the presence of weeds.
{"title":"Effect of various dosage of ammonium glufosinate herbicide on suppressing weeds and growth and yield of corn","authors":"D. Widayat, Yayan Sumekar, A. Wahyudin, Y. Yuwariah, C. Farida","doi":"10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2019.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2019.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"Corn is one of the strategic food commodities in Indonesia which is currently widely used as animal feed ingredient. But the average productivity of national corn is still low. This study aims to determine the dose of herbicide ammonium glufosinate 200 g/L which can maintain the growth potential and yield of corn plants. The experiment was carried out at the Ciparanje Experimental Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, Sumedang Regency, West Java, with altitude of 750 meters above sea level in November 2017 to March 2018. The experimental method used was a randomized block design consisting of seven treatments which were repeated four times. The treatments tested consisted of: manual weeding, application of different doses of ammonium glufosinate (450, 600, 750, 900, and 1050 g/ha) and unweeded check. The results of the experiment showed that application of ammonium glufosinate 200 g/L herbicide is able to suppress weed growth in corn cultivation. The application of ammonium glufosinate 200 g/L herbicide starting from a dose of 600 g/ha is effective in suppressing weed growth and suppressing the loss of yield of corn due to the presence of weeds.","PeriodicalId":16980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Weed Science","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73035075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2019.3.3
Varsha Nakala, T. Ramprakash, M. Madhavi, K. S. Devi
A field experiments was conducted at Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar during kharif 2017 for the evaluation of diuron in two different soils. The treatments consisted of diuron 80% WP at 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 kg ha-1 along with registered formulation of pendimethalin 38.7% CS at 677 g ha-1, intercropping with green manure crop, mechanical weeding thrice at 20, 40, 60 days after sowing and unweeded control. The experiment was carried out in a randomised block design replicated thrice. The weed flora of the experimental field in red soil was dominated by Cynodon dactylon, Rottboellia exaltata, Parthenium hysterophorus, Trianthema portulacastrum and Commelina benghalensis. While in case of black soil predominant flora was Cynodon dactylon, Cyperus rotundus, Parthenium hysterophorus, Euphorbia geniculata, Tridax procumbens, Cyanotis cristata, Digera arvensis and Celosia argentea. The macronutrient contents in cotton crop were higher in polymulch, mechanical weeding thrice at 20, 40 and 60 DAS and this was comparable to pre emergence application diuron at 1.0 kg ha-1 followed by post emergence application of pyrithiobac sodium + quizalofop p ethyl in red soil and post emergence application diuron at 1.0 kg ha-1 followed by post emergence application of pyrithiobac sodium + quizalofop p ethyl and diuron at 0.75 kg ha-1 black soil. The minimum weed competition facilitated higher DMP and nutrient uptake by the plant. The nutrient removal by weeds also was minimal in polymulch, mechanical weeding thrice at 20, 40, 60 DAS, diuron at 1.0 kg ha-1 pre emergence application of pyrithiobac sodium + quizalofop p ethyl followed by post emergence application of diuron at 0.75 kg ha-1 in both red and black soil.
2017年哈里夫期间，在Rajendranagar的Jayashankar Telangana州立农业大学进行了一项实地试验，以评估两种不同土壤中的迪乌隆。施用80%双氰脲(0.5、0.75、1.0 kg hm -1)，配以38.7%双甲基萘啶(677 g hm -1)，与绿肥作物套作，播种后20、40、60 d机械除草3次，对照不除草。实验采用随机分组设计，重复三次。红壤试验田杂草区系以长爪草(Cynodon dactylon)、长爪草(Rottboellia exaltata)、长爪草(Parthenium hysterophorus)、马齿苋(Trianthema portulacastrum)和长爪草(Commelina benghalensis)为主。黑土区优势植物区系为短爪草、圆形香草、虎耳草、大戟、三叶草、冠蓝草、凤仙花和凤仙花。多膜、20、40和60 DAS机械除草3次的棉花宏量营养元素含量较高，与红壤苗期前施用1.0 kg hm -1的双氰脲，苗期后施用1.0 kg hm -1的双氰脲，黑壤苗期后施用0.75 kg hm -1的双氰脲，以及红壤苗期施用双氰脲的效果相当。最小的杂草竞争促进了植物更高的DMP和养分吸收。在多膜覆盖下，杂草对营养物质的去除也最小，在红土和黑土中，在出苗期前施用嘧硫菌钠+吡喹唑磷，以1.0 kg hm -1的剂量进行三次机械除草，然后在出苗期后施用0.75 kg hm -1的迪乌隆。
{"title":"Influence of weed control practices on nutrient uptake in cotton plant","authors":"Varsha Nakala, T. Ramprakash, M. Madhavi, K. S. Devi","doi":"10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2019.3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2019.3.3","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiments was conducted at Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar during kharif 2017 for the evaluation of diuron in two different soils. The treatments consisted of diuron 80% WP at 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 kg ha-1 along with registered formulation of pendimethalin 38.7% CS at 677 g ha-1, intercropping with green manure crop, mechanical weeding thrice at 20, 40, 60 days after sowing and unweeded control. The experiment was carried out in a randomised block design replicated thrice. The weed flora of the experimental field in red soil was dominated by Cynodon dactylon, Rottboellia exaltata, Parthenium hysterophorus, Trianthema portulacastrum and Commelina benghalensis. While in case of black soil predominant flora was Cynodon dactylon, Cyperus rotundus, Parthenium hysterophorus, Euphorbia geniculata, Tridax procumbens, Cyanotis cristata, Digera arvensis and Celosia argentea. The macronutrient contents in cotton crop were higher in polymulch, mechanical weeding thrice at 20, 40 and 60 DAS and this was comparable to pre emergence application diuron at 1.0 kg ha-1 followed by post emergence application of pyrithiobac sodium + quizalofop p ethyl in red soil and post emergence application diuron at 1.0 kg ha-1 followed by post emergence application of pyrithiobac sodium + quizalofop p ethyl and diuron at 0.75 kg ha-1 black soil. The minimum weed competition facilitated higher DMP and nutrient uptake by the plant. The nutrient removal by weeds also was minimal in polymulch, mechanical weeding thrice at 20, 40, 60 DAS, diuron at 1.0 kg ha-1 pre emergence application of pyrithiobac sodium + quizalofop p ethyl followed by post emergence application of diuron at 0.75 kg ha-1 in both red and black soil.","PeriodicalId":16980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Weed Science","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91021465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2019.3.6
M. Mispan, Mahyoub Bzoor, Intan Filzah Mahmod, A. MD-Akhir, A. Zulrushdi
Rice industry in Malaysia faces serious challenges in managing weedy rice (Oryza sativa L.) since it was first observed in 1988. Unfortunately, there is no simple control method for weedy rice. Recommended practices in Malaysia adopted various integrated weedy rice management strategies mainly on land preparation and pre-harvest period controls. Multiple tillage, chemical applications via pre-emergence and pre-sowing herbicide, and manual weeding are the usual weedy rice control practices by majority of Malaysian farmers. The conspecific nature of weedy rice with cultivated rice increased the difficulty to control the weed with several weedy rice biotypes have already mimic the local varieties. Introduction of Clearfield® Rice Production System (CPS) in 2010 has shifted the current weedy rice management strategies to an herbicide-tolerant crop approach. Some concerns of the technology including potential resistant to weedy rice and environmental issues were discussed. Additional weedy rice management strategies as alternative approaches for Malaysia rice agro-ecosystems were proposed in this review to fill the gaps on current weedy rice controls including reducing cross contamination between farms, managing weedy rice seedbank, empowering alternative culture methods in rice farming, strengthening current Clearfield® system, and exploring ‘omics’ research for other potential herbicide tolerant rice. Improvement in communication is proposed to ensure any information on weedy rice management is effectively transferred between farmers and authorities.
{"title":"Managing weedy rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Malaysia: challenges and ways forward","authors":"M. Mispan, Mahyoub Bzoor, Intan Filzah Mahmod, A. MD-Akhir, A. Zulrushdi","doi":"10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2019.3.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2019.3.6","url":null,"abstract":"Rice industry in Malaysia faces serious challenges in managing weedy rice (Oryza sativa L.) since it was first observed in 1988. Unfortunately, there is no simple control method for weedy rice. Recommended practices in Malaysia adopted various integrated weedy rice management strategies mainly on land preparation and pre-harvest period controls. Multiple tillage, chemical applications via pre-emergence and pre-sowing herbicide, and manual weeding are the usual weedy rice control practices by majority of Malaysian farmers. The conspecific nature of weedy rice with cultivated rice increased the difficulty to control the weed with several weedy rice biotypes have already mimic the local varieties. Introduction of Clearfield® Rice Production System (CPS) in 2010 has shifted the current weedy rice management strategies to an herbicide-tolerant crop approach. Some concerns of the technology including potential resistant to weedy rice and environmental issues were discussed. Additional weedy rice management strategies as alternative approaches for Malaysia rice agro-ecosystems were proposed in this review to fill the gaps on current weedy rice controls including reducing cross contamination between farms, managing weedy rice seedbank, empowering alternative culture methods in rice farming, strengthening current Clearfield® system, and exploring ‘omics’ research for other potential herbicide tolerant rice. Improvement in communication is proposed to ensure any information on weedy rice management is effectively transferred between farmers and authorities.","PeriodicalId":16980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Weed Science","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88565342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2019.3.5
Sachin Kumar, S. Rana, D. Badiyala, Suresh Kumar, N. Sharma
A field study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of Prioxofop-Propanyl 15% WP (Markclodina) herbicide for wider weeds range in wheat crop during Rabi 2015-16. Six treatments including four herbicides treatments viz. Pendimethalin at 1.0 kg/ha, Clodinafop at 0.060 kg/ha, Markclodina at 0.060 kg/ha, Isoproturon + 2, 4-D at 1.0+0.5 kg/ha along with hand weeding twice (30 and 60 DAS) and one weedy check were used. Avena ludoviciana (34.30 %) and Phlaris minor (25.26 %) were the most dominatinggrassy weeds. New test herbicide Markclodino had better efficacy in controlling Phalaris minor, Avena fatua and Lolium temulentumas evidencedfrom significantly less number of weeds at all the stages of observations. The highest weed control efficiency (80.5 %) was recorded with post emergence application of Markclodina 0.060 kg/ha at 90 DAS. The application of markclodina at 0.06 kg/ha remaining at par with clodinofop propargyl (market sample) at 0.06 kg/ha, isoproturon + 2,4-D at 1.0 + 0.5 kg/ha produced significantly higher grain yield. The magnitude of increase in yield due to Markclodina over weedy check was 68.9 %. Field demonstrations on the performance of Markclodina under various locations showd that there was maximum 19.7 % increase in grain yield over control at distt. Hamirpur (Himachal Pradesh).
{"title":"Bioefficacy of post-emergence herbicide Prioxofop-Propanyl (Markclodina) against weeds in wheat","authors":"Sachin Kumar, S. Rana, D. Badiyala, Suresh Kumar, N. Sharma","doi":"10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2019.3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2019.3.5","url":null,"abstract":"A field study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of Prioxofop-Propanyl 15% WP (Markclodina) herbicide for wider weeds range in wheat crop during Rabi 2015-16. Six treatments including four herbicides treatments viz. Pendimethalin at 1.0 kg/ha, Clodinafop at 0.060 kg/ha, Markclodina at 0.060 kg/ha, Isoproturon + 2, 4-D at 1.0+0.5 kg/ha along with hand weeding twice (30 and 60 DAS) and one weedy check were used. Avena ludoviciana (34.30 %) and Phlaris minor (25.26 %) were the most dominatinggrassy weeds. New test herbicide Markclodino had better efficacy in controlling Phalaris minor, Avena fatua and Lolium temulentumas evidencedfrom significantly less number of weeds at all the stages of observations. The highest weed control efficiency (80.5 %) was recorded with post emergence application of Markclodina 0.060 kg/ha at 90 DAS. The application of markclodina at 0.06 kg/ha remaining at par with clodinofop propargyl (market sample) at 0.06 kg/ha, isoproturon + 2,4-D at 1.0 + 0.5 kg/ha produced significantly higher grain yield. The magnitude of increase in yield due to Markclodina over weedy check was 68.9 %. Field demonstrations on the performance of Markclodina under various locations showd that there was maximum 19.7 % increase in grain yield over control at distt. Hamirpur (Himachal Pradesh).","PeriodicalId":16980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Weed Science","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84461860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2019.3.7
B. K. Al-Gburi, F. H. Al-Sahaf, F. A. Al-fadhal, Juan P. Del-Monte
A pot experiment was conducted under field conditions in Al-Qizuina district-province of Najaf during the 2017 growing season in order to pre-planting control of field dodder )Cuscuta campestris( by breaking its seed dormancy and reducing seed banks in the soil. The experiment tested 56 treatments (chemical, biological and physical) in a complete randomized design with four replicates. Results showed significant differences between treatments. Gibberelic acid at 800 ppm resulted in the highest germination rates of the dodder seeds (92%), while KNO3 had the highest speed of seed germination (7.6 days). Some other concentrations of Gibberellic acid, Salicylic acid, Ethrel and KNO3, and seed extracts of Maize, Barley and Alfalfa as well as the physical treatment of boiling water had significant effects on the dodder seeds in terms of germination rates which ranged from 19 to 51% and germination speed that ranged from 8.4 to 15.4 days compared to the control treatment which resulted in 0.75% and 20.82 days, respectively. The study confirmed that using high efficient treatments in breaking dormancy and increasing seed germination of dodder as pre-planting measurements can be practically applied in the integrate management of this pest.
{"title":"Evaluation of different treatments on break seed dormancy of Dodder (Cuscuta campestris Yunck)","authors":"B. K. Al-Gburi, F. H. Al-Sahaf, F. A. Al-fadhal, Juan P. Del-Monte","doi":"10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2019.3.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2019.3.7","url":null,"abstract":"A pot experiment was conducted under field conditions in Al-Qizuina district-province of Najaf during the 2017 growing season in order to pre-planting control of field dodder )Cuscuta campestris( by breaking its seed dormancy and reducing seed banks in the soil. The experiment tested 56 treatments (chemical, biological and physical) in a complete randomized design with four replicates. Results showed significant differences between treatments. Gibberelic acid at 800 ppm resulted in the highest germination rates of the dodder seeds (92%), while KNO3 had the highest speed of seed germination (7.6 days). Some other concentrations of Gibberellic acid, Salicylic acid, Ethrel and KNO3, and seed extracts of Maize, Barley and Alfalfa as well as the physical treatment of boiling water had significant effects on the dodder seeds in terms of germination rates which ranged from 19 to 51% and germination speed that ranged from 8.4 to 15.4 days compared to the control treatment which resulted in 0.75% and 20.82 days, respectively. The study confirmed that using high efficient treatments in breaking dormancy and increasing seed germination of dodder as pre-planting measurements can be practically applied in the integrate management of this pest.","PeriodicalId":16980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Weed Science","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88057143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-25DOI: 10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2019.4.2
Most. Tamanna Sultana, Md. Parvez Anwar, M. Hossain, Bushra Jareen, Rashidul Islam, A. Islam
Growing two or more cultivars of the same crop species in mixture reduces intra-specific competition for growth resources by inducing variation in spatial and temporal patterns of crop growth, increases competitive ability of crops against weeds and thus enhances crop yield. This study was conducted to evaluate the potentiality of wheat cultivar mixtures to reduce weed growth and increase the wheat yield under different irrigation regimes, and determine the best row mixture ratio of two wheat cultivars for better weed suppression and higher productivity of wheat. Factors included seven cultivar mixture ratios viz. sole BARI Gom 25, sole BARI Gom 30, 1:2, 2:1, 2:3, 3:2 and 1:1 of BARI Gom 25 to BARI Gom 30, and three water management practices viz. no irrigation, one irrigation at crown root initiation (CRI) stage, and two irrigation at CRI and flowering stages arranged in a split-plot design with three replications. Results clearly indicated that cultivar mixture can improve the competitive ability of wheat plants against weeds and can increase wheat productivity. Both cultivars showed better growth, higher weed suppression and increased yield when grown in mixture irrespective of ratios compared to their monoculture. Based on the combined grain yield, different mixture ratios performed in the order 1:1, 2:3, 1:2 and 2:1 BARI Gom 25 to BARI Gom 30 under two irrigation regimes. BARI Gom 25 and BARI Gom 30 inter-planted in 1:1 row ratio under two irrigation appeared as the best practice resulting 9% and 5.83% yield advantages over sole culture of BARI Gom 25 and BARI Gom 30, respectively; while mixture ratio of 3:2 resulted in 6.43% and 3.36% weed dry matter reduction over sole culture of BARI Gom 25 and BARI Gom 30, respectively. In conclusion, cultivar mixture strategy can be adopted as an effective tool for better weed management and increased yield of wheat.
{"title":"Weed competitiveness and productivity of interplanted wheat cultivars under varying water management","authors":"Most. Tamanna Sultana, Md. Parvez Anwar, M. Hossain, Bushra Jareen, Rashidul Islam, A. Islam","doi":"10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2019.4.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2019.4.2","url":null,"abstract":"Growing two or more cultivars of the same crop species in mixture reduces intra-specific competition for growth resources by inducing variation in spatial and temporal patterns of crop growth, increases competitive ability of crops against weeds and thus enhances crop yield. This study was conducted to evaluate the potentiality of wheat cultivar mixtures to reduce weed growth and increase the wheat yield under different irrigation regimes, and determine the best row mixture ratio of two wheat cultivars for better weed suppression and higher productivity of wheat. Factors included seven cultivar mixture ratios viz. sole BARI Gom 25, sole BARI Gom 30, 1:2, 2:1, 2:3, 3:2 and 1:1 of BARI Gom 25 to BARI Gom 30, and three water management practices viz. no irrigation, one irrigation at crown root initiation (CRI) stage, and two irrigation at CRI and flowering stages arranged in a split-plot design with three replications. Results clearly indicated that cultivar mixture can improve the competitive ability of wheat plants against weeds and can increase wheat productivity. Both cultivars showed better growth, higher weed suppression and increased yield when grown in mixture irrespective of ratios compared to their monoculture. Based on the combined grain yield, different mixture ratios performed in the order 1:1, 2:3, 1:2 and 2:1 BARI Gom 25 to BARI Gom 30 under two irrigation regimes. BARI Gom 25 and BARI Gom 30 inter-planted in 1:1 row ratio under two irrigation appeared as the best practice resulting 9% and 5.83% yield advantages over sole culture of BARI Gom 25 and BARI Gom 30, respectively; while mixture ratio of 3:2 resulted in 6.43% and 3.36% weed dry matter reduction over sole culture of BARI Gom 25 and BARI Gom 30, respectively. In conclusion, cultivar mixture strategy can be adopted as an effective tool for better weed management and increased yield of wheat.","PeriodicalId":16980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Weed Science","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90970820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-24DOI: 10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2019.4.1
S. Rana, N. Sharma, D. Badiyala
The bio-efficiency of imazethapyr and its ready mix combination products with pendimethalin and imazamox against weeds, their effect on growth, yield and phytotoxic effects on black gram and residual effect on succeeding mustard crop were studied during 2013-14. Significantly lower weed count and dry weight was recorded with application of imazethapyr + pendimethalin (pre-mix) at 800 g/ha, pendimethalin at 1000 g/ha and imazethapyr + pendimethalin (pre-mix) at 900 g/ha. Imazethapyr + pendimethalin (pre-mix) 1000 g/ha and 800 g/ha, pendemethlin 1000 g/ha and imazethapyr 50 and 70 g/ha (pre emergence) behaving statistically similar with pendimethalin 1000 g/ha (pre emergence) and hand weeding at 20 and 40 days after sowing resulted in significantly higher seed yield of black gram. Seed yield of blackgram was negatively associated with total weed count and weed dry weight (P≤0.01). With every one weed increase per square meter, the blackgram seed yield was expected to reduce by 16.8 kg/ha. Net returns, B:C and net returns over weedy check were highest under imazethapyr + pendimethalin 900 g/ha. The economic threshold levels i.e. No m-2 and g m-2 with the weed management practices studied varied between 1.7 – 18.0 m-2 and 1.0-10.0 g m-2. Imezethapyr + pendimethalin 1000 g/ha and imazethapyr + imazamox 50 g/ha had lowest weed persistence index (WPI). Imazethapyr + pendimethalin 900 g/ha resulted in highest crop resistance index. Weed management index (WMI), Agronomic management index (AMI), and Integrated weed management index (IWMI) were highest following imazethapyr 40 g/ha. Overall impact index (Ii) was highest under imazethapyr 50 g/ha followed by imazethapyr + pendimethalin 900 g/ha, imazethapyr + pendimethalin 1000 g/ha and pendimethalin 1000 g/ha. Weed index (WI) indicated 70.8% loss in yield of blackgram. The residual effects of herbicide treatments on succeeding mustard crop were not observed.
{"title":"A preliminary study on the time of application of imazethapyr and its ready mix combination with pendimethalin and imazamox against weeds in blackgram","authors":"S. Rana, N. Sharma, D. Badiyala","doi":"10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2019.4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2019.4.1","url":null,"abstract":"The bio-efficiency of imazethapyr and its ready mix combination products with pendimethalin and imazamox against weeds, their effect on growth, yield and phytotoxic effects on black gram and residual effect on succeeding mustard crop were studied during 2013-14. Significantly lower weed count and dry weight was recorded with application of imazethapyr + pendimethalin (pre-mix) at 800 g/ha, pendimethalin at 1000 g/ha and imazethapyr + pendimethalin (pre-mix) at 900 g/ha. Imazethapyr + pendimethalin (pre-mix) 1000 g/ha and 800 g/ha, pendemethlin 1000 g/ha and imazethapyr 50 and 70 g/ha (pre emergence) behaving statistically similar with pendimethalin 1000 g/ha (pre emergence) and hand weeding at 20 and 40 days after sowing resulted in significantly higher seed yield of black gram. Seed yield of blackgram was negatively associated with total weed count and weed dry weight (P≤0.01). With every one weed increase per square meter, the blackgram seed yield was expected to reduce by 16.8 kg/ha. Net returns, B:C and net returns over weedy check were highest under imazethapyr + pendimethalin 900 g/ha. The economic threshold levels i.e. No m-2 and g m-2 with the weed management practices studied varied between 1.7 – 18.0 m-2 and 1.0-10.0 g m-2. Imezethapyr + pendimethalin 1000 g/ha and imazethapyr + imazamox 50 g/ha had lowest weed persistence index (WPI). Imazethapyr + pendimethalin 900 g/ha resulted in highest crop resistance index. Weed management index (WMI), Agronomic management index (AMI), and Integrated weed management index (IWMI) were highest following imazethapyr 40 g/ha. Overall impact index (Ii) was highest under imazethapyr 50 g/ha followed by imazethapyr + pendimethalin 900 g/ha, imazethapyr + pendimethalin 1000 g/ha and pendimethalin 1000 g/ha. Weed index (WI) indicated 70.8% loss in yield of blackgram. The residual effects of herbicide treatments on succeeding mustard crop were not observed.","PeriodicalId":16980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Weed Science","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73086184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.26655/jrweedsci.2019.1.6
D. Timsina, S. Marahattha, S. Sah, J. B. Adhikari, A. Shrestha
Sustainable agriculture requires the use of environmentally friendly management practices. Mulching is one of the most effective methods that can play a positive role in weed management, improving soil properties as well as increasing crop production. A field experiment was conducted at the research farm of National Maize Research Program (NMRP), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal during winter season, 2016. The experiment was carried out in single factor randomized completely block design comprising of nine weed management methods with four replications. Data regarding the weed population, weed dry weight, yield attributes and yield were recorded during the study. Different weed management practices showed significant differences on weed dynamics and weed control efficiencies. Black polythene mulch and silver black mulch was found more effective to reduce total weed density and dry weight during whole crop season and remain comparable with other polythene mulch too. The effect of weed management practices observed on weed density and dry weight were reflected on grain yield. The highest grain yield was recorded in silver black plastic mulch (4537.50 kg ha-1) followed by black plastic mulch (4068.20 kg ha-1), clear plastic mulch (4065.22 kg ha-1), green plastic mulch (3834.84 kg ha-1) and weed free (3222.74 kg ha-1) which were comparable to each other. At tasseling-silking stage among plastic mulch treatment, the higher moisture conservation observed on the black plastic mulch followed by clear plastic mulch, green plastic mulch and silver black plastic mulch. While comparing of plastic mulch with dead mulch, moisture on dead mulch remain higher than plastic mulch after 90 DAS. Thus, in humid subtropical region of western Chitwan, Rampur, the maize can be successfully cultivated by using different color of polythene mulch.
{"title":"Evaluation of different types of mulching practices on weed management and productivity of winter maize in Chitwan, Nepal","authors":"D. Timsina, S. Marahattha, S. Sah, J. B. Adhikari, A. Shrestha","doi":"10.26655/jrweedsci.2019.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26655/jrweedsci.2019.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainable agriculture requires the use of environmentally friendly management practices. Mulching is one of the most effective methods that can play a positive role in weed management, improving soil properties as well as increasing crop production. A field experiment was conducted at the research farm of National Maize Research Program (NMRP), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal during winter season, 2016. The experiment was carried out in single factor randomized completely block design comprising of nine weed management methods with four replications. Data regarding the weed population, weed dry weight, yield attributes and yield were recorded during the study. Different weed management practices showed significant differences on weed dynamics and weed control efficiencies. Black polythene mulch and silver black mulch was found more effective to reduce total weed density and dry weight during whole crop season and remain comparable with other polythene mulch too. The effect of weed management practices observed on weed density and dry weight were reflected on grain yield. The highest grain yield was recorded in silver black plastic mulch (4537.50 kg ha-1) followed by black plastic mulch (4068.20 kg ha-1), clear plastic mulch (4065.22 kg ha-1), green plastic mulch (3834.84 kg ha-1) and weed free (3222.74 kg ha-1) which were comparable to each other. At tasseling-silking stage among plastic mulch treatment, the higher moisture conservation observed on the black plastic mulch followed by clear plastic mulch, green plastic mulch and silver black plastic mulch. While comparing of plastic mulch with dead mulch, moisture on dead mulch remain higher than plastic mulch after 90 DAS. Thus, in humid subtropical region of western Chitwan, Rampur, the maize can be successfully cultivated by using different color of polythene mulch.","PeriodicalId":16980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Weed Science","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85994798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2019.1.3
A. Singh, A. Pandey
Microbes and their secondary metabolites offer a benign and eco-friendly alternative to manage weed. Mycoherbicide production for biological control of weeds requires a series steps, from selection of a suitable microbial strain to final formulation. Thus, this study aimed to select potential fungi for production of secondary metabolites with herbicidal activity for control of Parthenium weed. In the present study, phytopathogenic fungi namely Fusarium spp. were isolated from infected tissues of Parthenium and evaluated against Parthenium hysterophorus, a problematic monocotyledonous weed of open lands, Agriculture, Horticulture and Forests. Herbicidal potential of Cell Free Culture Filtrate (CFCF) of three strains of Fusarium spp. coded as FGCCW#16, FGCCW#43 and FGCCW#55, against Parthenium hysterophorus were evaluated by seedling and shoot cut bioassays. Maximum mortalities of shoots, seedlings and phytotoxic damage were obtained from 21 days old cell free culture filtrate (CFCF) of FGCCW#16 at 100% concentration. Significant reduction in biological contents i.e. photosynthetic pigment and protein was observed in the host weed on treatment with the CFCF as determined by detached leaf bioassay. Phytotoxic damage such as severe wilting, chlorosis, necrosis and complete collapse of the entire parts of the weed were also noticed due to CFCF application.
{"title":"Selection of mycoherbicidal potential of Fusarium spp. Against a Noxious Weed Parthenium hysterophorus","authors":"A. Singh, A. Pandey","doi":"10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2019.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2019.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Microbes and their secondary metabolites offer a benign and eco-friendly alternative to manage weed. Mycoherbicide production for biological control of weeds requires a series steps, from selection of a suitable microbial strain to final formulation. Thus, this study aimed to select potential fungi for production of secondary metabolites with herbicidal activity for control of Parthenium weed. In the present study, phytopathogenic fungi namely Fusarium spp. were isolated from infected tissues of Parthenium and evaluated against Parthenium hysterophorus, a problematic monocotyledonous weed of open lands, Agriculture, Horticulture and Forests. Herbicidal potential of Cell Free Culture Filtrate (CFCF) of three strains of Fusarium spp. coded as FGCCW#16, FGCCW#43 and FGCCW#55, against Parthenium hysterophorus were evaluated by seedling and shoot cut bioassays. Maximum mortalities of shoots, seedlings and phytotoxic damage were obtained from 21 days old cell free culture filtrate (CFCF) of FGCCW#16 at 100% concentration. Significant reduction in biological contents i.e. photosynthetic pigment and protein was observed in the host weed on treatment with the CFCF as determined by detached leaf bioassay. Phytotoxic damage such as severe wilting, chlorosis, necrosis and complete collapse of the entire parts of the weed were also noticed due to CFCF application.","PeriodicalId":16980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Weed Science","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87363472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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