Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2019.1.4
A. Shrestha, B. Thapa, R. Subedi, L. Amgain, M. Devkota
An experiment was conducted in IAAS, Lamjung research field in 2017 in spring Maize with split plot design to evaluate the effect of weed management practice and tillage system on productivity of spring maize. In tillage system, no-till and conventional tillage were kept as main factor whereas seven weed management practices (viz. sequential application of atrazine at 0.75 kg a.i. ha-1 and 2,4-D at 1.5 kg ha-1; pre-emergence tank mix application of atrazine at 0.75 kg ha-1 and glyphosate at 2.5ml lit-1 of water; pre-emergence tank mix application of atrazine at 0.75 kg ha-1 and pendimethalin at 2ml lit-1 of water; cowpea co-culture; black polythene mulch with control treatment weed free and weedy check as sub-plot. Tillage method had not significant effect on the weed dry matter accumulation in different stages. However, weed dry matter accumulation was varied with different weed management practices. The weed check plot was of highest dry matter accumulation (273.38g m-2, 361.95 g m-2 and 235.95 g m-2 in three different stages (30, 60 and 90 DAS respectively). The highest grain, straw yield and yield attributes was found in plastic mulch plot and no-till system with less severe to weed infestation and index which is statically at par with intercropping with cowpea. Though none of weed management practices completely eliminated weeds, black polythene mulching resulted in best grain yield. Besides the environmental protection, cowpea co-culture treatments yielded almost similar grain yield as compared with common herbicidal weed management practices.
本试验于2017年在中国科学院林荣区(IAAS)开展，采用分畦设计，评价杂草管理和耕作制度对春玉米产量的影响。在耕作系统中，以免耕和常规耕作为主要因素，7种杂草管理措施(即按0.75 kg a.i. ha-1连续施用阿特拉津和1.5 kg ha-1连续施用2,4- d;应急前罐内混合施用0.75 kg ha-1阿特拉津和2.5ml l -1水草甘膦;应急前罐内混合施用0.75 kg ha-1的阿特拉津和2ml l -1水的二甲脒;豇豆共培养;黑色聚乙烯地膜与控制处理无杂草和杂草检查为分小区。耕作方式对不同时期杂草干物质积累无显著影响。但不同杂草管理方式对杂草干物质积累量的影响不同。杂草检查样地干物质累积量在3个不同阶段(30、60和90 DAS)最高，分别为273.38g m-2、361.95 g m-2和235.95 g m-2。籽粒、秸秆产量和产量属性均以地膜覆盖和免耕制度最高，杂草侵害程度较轻，各项指标与豇豆间作持平。尽管没有一种杂草管理方法能完全消除杂草，但黑色聚乙烯覆盖导致了最好的粮食产量。除环境保护外，豇豆混养处理的籽粒产量与常用除草剂杂草管理措施几乎相当。
{"title":"Effect of weed management in productivity of Spring Maize in Mid-hills of Nepal","authors":"A. Shrestha, B. Thapa, R. Subedi, L. Amgain, M. Devkota","doi":"10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2019.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2019.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was conducted in IAAS, Lamjung research field in 2017 in spring Maize with split plot design to evaluate the effect of weed management practice and tillage system on productivity of spring maize. In tillage system, no-till and conventional tillage were kept as main factor whereas seven weed management practices (viz. sequential application of atrazine at 0.75 kg a.i. ha-1 and 2,4-D at 1.5 kg ha-1; pre-emergence tank mix application of atrazine at 0.75 kg ha-1 and glyphosate at 2.5ml lit-1 of water; pre-emergence tank mix application of atrazine at 0.75 kg ha-1 and pendimethalin at 2ml lit-1 of water; cowpea co-culture; black polythene mulch with control treatment weed free and weedy check as sub-plot. Tillage method had not significant effect on the weed dry matter accumulation in different stages. However, weed dry matter accumulation was varied with different weed management practices. The weed check plot was of highest dry matter accumulation (273.38g m-2, 361.95 g m-2 and 235.95 g m-2 in three different stages (30, 60 and 90 DAS respectively). The highest grain, straw yield and yield attributes was found in plastic mulch plot and no-till system with less severe to weed infestation and index which is statically at par with intercropping with cowpea. Though none of weed management practices completely eliminated weeds, black polythene mulching resulted in best grain yield. Besides the environmental protection, cowpea co-culture treatments yielded almost similar grain yield as compared with common herbicidal weed management practices.","PeriodicalId":16980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Weed Science","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80361355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.26655/jrweedsci.2019.1.7
S. Pinjari, S. Gangawane, M. Jadhav, Jagtap Dnyaneshwar, V. G. Chavan, V. Rajemahadik
A field study was conducted at Dr. Balasdaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli (Maharashtra) during Kharif seasons (2011 to 2014) on rice crop to evaluate the effect of green manuring with Sesbania rostrata and different herbicides on complex weed flora in transplanted rice. The experimental field was infested with Ludwigia octovalis, Cloem viscosa, Cyperus iria, Amaranthus sessils, Isachne globosa and Eriocaulon hexangularis. Application of pre-emergence fixed herbicide and pre-emergence and post-emergence rotational herbicides reduced the complex weed flora. Pre-emergence application of pretilachlor-S at the rate of 0.75 kg/ha at 3-7 days after treatment (DAT) recorded the highest weed control efficiency, rice grain yield and net returns during all years is the best ways of controlling complex weed flora and enhancing productivity and profitability from transplanted rice.
{"title":"Management of complex weed flora in transplanted rice by different herbicides and green manuring","authors":"S. Pinjari, S. Gangawane, M. Jadhav, Jagtap Dnyaneshwar, V. G. Chavan, V. Rajemahadik","doi":"10.26655/jrweedsci.2019.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26655/jrweedsci.2019.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"A field study was conducted at Dr. Balasdaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli (Maharashtra) during Kharif seasons (2011 to 2014) on rice crop to evaluate the effect of green manuring with Sesbania rostrata and different herbicides on complex weed flora in transplanted rice. The experimental field was infested with Ludwigia octovalis, Cloem viscosa, Cyperus iria, Amaranthus sessils, Isachne globosa and Eriocaulon hexangularis. Application of pre-emergence fixed herbicide and pre-emergence and post-emergence rotational herbicides reduced the complex weed flora. Pre-emergence application of pretilachlor-S at the rate of 0.75 kg/ha at 3-7 days after treatment (DAT) recorded the highest weed control efficiency, rice grain yield and net returns during all years is the best ways of controlling complex weed flora and enhancing productivity and profitability from transplanted rice.","PeriodicalId":16980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Weed Science","volume":"1941 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91179882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.26655/jrweedsci.2019.1.2
A. Ramachandran
The present study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of botanical extracts on the management of Parthenium hysterophorus through laboratory experiments. These experiments were carried out at Department of Agronomy, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai during 2013-15. The efficacy of twenty botanicals viz., Abutilon indicum, Amaranthus spinosus, Amaranthus viridis, Azadirachta indica, Calotropis gigantea, Croton bonplandianum, Cynodon dactylon, Cyperus rotundus, Datura metel, Echinochloa crusgalli, Helianthus annuus, Lawsonia inermis, Mangifera indica, Prosopis juliflora, Solanum nigrum, Sorghum bicolor, Sorghum halepense, Tagetes erectus, Tamarindus indica, Tephrosia purpurea were tried at different concentrations under laboratory bioassay. The study reveal that the per cent germination, seedling length, seedling vigor index and seedling biomass of P.hysterophorus was reduced significantly due to application of all botanicals, however the effect was more pronounced with botanicals extract in the order of Datura metel, Mangifera indica, Azadirachta indica, Tagetes erectus, Helianthus annuus and Sorghum bicolor both at 50 and 75 % concentrations. Increased concentration (50 and 75 %) was pronounced more detrimental effects on per cent germination and seedling growth parameters of P.hysterophorus.
{"title":"Efficacy of different botanical extracts on the management of Parthenium hysterophorus (L.)","authors":"A. Ramachandran","doi":"10.26655/jrweedsci.2019.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26655/jrweedsci.2019.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of botanical extracts on the management of Parthenium hysterophorus through laboratory experiments. These experiments were carried out at Department of Agronomy, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai during 2013-15. The efficacy of twenty botanicals viz., Abutilon indicum, Amaranthus spinosus, Amaranthus viridis, Azadirachta indica, Calotropis gigantea, Croton bonplandianum, Cynodon dactylon, Cyperus rotundus, Datura metel, Echinochloa crusgalli, Helianthus annuus, Lawsonia inermis, Mangifera indica, Prosopis juliflora, Solanum nigrum, Sorghum bicolor, Sorghum halepense, Tagetes erectus, Tamarindus indica, Tephrosia purpurea were tried at different concentrations under laboratory bioassay. The study reveal that the per cent germination, seedling length, seedling vigor index and seedling biomass of P.hysterophorus was reduced significantly due to application of all botanicals, however the effect was more pronounced with botanicals extract in the order of Datura metel, Mangifera indica, Azadirachta indica, Tagetes erectus, Helianthus annuus and Sorghum bicolor both at 50 and 75 % concentrations. Increased concentration (50 and 75 %) was pronounced more detrimental effects on per cent germination and seedling growth parameters of P.hysterophorus.","PeriodicalId":16980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Weed Science","volume":"218 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79722671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2019.1.5
A. O. Ikeh, E. Udoh, A. C. Opara
The experiment was carried out at Umulolo in Okigwe Imo State in 2016 and 2017 seasons. The experiment was laid in randomized complete block design, replicated three times. The treatments were mulching materials (two synthetic materials-polythene sheet, trampoline sheet) while natural or organic materials were 6/ha sawdust and grasses and control treatment (no mulching). Result showed significant difference in all the weed infestation parameters, vegetative growth and yield parameters assessed. In both cropping seasons, the control had significant higher weed density and biomass. Garden egg fruit yield as influenced by different mulching materials was also significantly different (p<0.05) in both cropping seasons. The highest fruit yield; 22.27 and 23.63 t/ha in 2016 and 2017, respectively was from the plot mulched with sawdust. The grasses mulched plot had 21.19 and 22.17 t/ha fruit yield, respectively. The trampoline plot produced 18.77 and 17.18 t/ha fruit, respectively. The least fruit yield was 5.43 and 6.54 t/ha in both cropping seasons in control treatment. The result showed that the plot mulched with sawdust had 7-76% and 6-72% greater fruit yield compared to the other mulching materials in both cropping seasons. The result of indicated that application of grasses and sawdust were more cost effective in weed management and higher economic returns to management compared to trampoline and polythene sheets. Farmers in the study area were advised to mulch their garden egg field during off-season with sawdust. The application of sawdust would reduce weed infestation and also enhances high fruit yield.
{"title":"Effect of Mulching on Weed, Fruit Yield and Economic Returns of Garden Egg (Solanium melogena) in Okigwe Southeastern Nigeria","authors":"A. O. Ikeh, E. Udoh, A. C. Opara","doi":"10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2019.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2019.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment was carried out at Umulolo in Okigwe Imo State in 2016 and 2017 seasons. The experiment was laid in randomized complete block design, replicated three times. The treatments were mulching materials (two synthetic materials-polythene sheet, trampoline sheet) while natural or organic materials were 6/ha sawdust and grasses and control treatment (no mulching). Result showed significant difference in all the weed infestation parameters, vegetative growth and yield parameters assessed. In both cropping seasons, the control had significant higher weed density and biomass. Garden egg fruit yield as influenced by different mulching materials was also significantly different (p<0.05) in both cropping seasons. The highest fruit yield; 22.27 and 23.63 t/ha in 2016 and 2017, respectively was from the plot mulched with sawdust. The grasses mulched plot had 21.19 and 22.17 t/ha fruit yield, respectively. The trampoline plot produced 18.77 and 17.18 t/ha fruit, respectively. The least fruit yield was 5.43 and 6.54 t/ha in both cropping seasons in control treatment. The result showed that the plot mulched with sawdust had 7-76% and 6-72% greater fruit yield compared to the other mulching materials in both cropping seasons. The result of indicated that application of grasses and sawdust were more cost effective in weed management and higher economic returns to management compared to trampoline and polythene sheets. Farmers in the study area were advised to mulch their garden egg field during off-season with sawdust. The application of sawdust would reduce weed infestation and also enhances high fruit yield.","PeriodicalId":16980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Weed Science","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81616025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2019.1.1
F. Nwagwu, Udo I. Asukwo
Field experiments were conducted in 2012 and 2013 at the Teaching and Research Farm of the University of Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria to determine the effectiveness of integration of Fitsextra® (a solution containing Atrazine and Metolachlor herbicides as active ingredients), egusi melon and hand-weeding on weed management and tuber yield of cassava. The twelve treatments which involved individual and combinations of the above mentioned weed control methods were laid out in a randomized complete block design and replicated three times. Irrespective of the method adopted, weeding depressed weed density by 57.33 % and 63.99 % in 2012 and 2013, respectively and weed biomass by 81.00 % and 79.64 % within the same period compared with the unweeded check. Integration of Fitsextra with egusi melon and/or hand-weeding significantly (P<0.05) suppressed weeds more than the sole use of Fitsextra® or egusi melon. Integration of hand-weeding with Fitsextra and/or egusi melon reduced weed dry matter by 43.46, 87.25, 92.34 and 93.51 % in 2012, and by 53.20, 90.20, 94.61 and 94.56 % in 2013 compared with hand-weeding alone, Fitsextra alone, egusi melon alone and no weeding, respectively. Plots that were hand-weeded thrice and those treated with Fitsextra + hand-weeding twice significantly (P<0.05) produced the highest fresh tuber yield of 9.73 and 10.23 t/ha, respectively in 2013. No weeding reduced cassava tuber yield by 4.83 t/ha (84.89 %) on a 2-year average, compared with the weeded plots. Conclusively, the results indicated that, three hand-weeding optimized cassava tuber yield, however, the integration of Fitsextra or egusi melon can effectively replace the first hand-weeding.
{"title":"Effects of integrated weed management on tuber yield of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)","authors":"F. Nwagwu, Udo I. Asukwo","doi":"10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2019.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2019.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Field experiments were conducted in 2012 and 2013 at the Teaching and Research Farm of the University of Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria to determine the effectiveness of integration of Fitsextra® (a solution containing Atrazine and Metolachlor herbicides as active ingredients), egusi melon and hand-weeding on weed management and tuber yield of cassava. The twelve treatments which involved individual and combinations of the above mentioned weed control methods were laid out in a randomized complete block design and replicated three times. Irrespective of the method adopted, weeding depressed weed density by 57.33 % and 63.99 % in 2012 and 2013, respectively and weed biomass by 81.00 % and 79.64 % within the same period compared with the unweeded check. Integration of Fitsextra with egusi melon and/or hand-weeding significantly (P<0.05) suppressed weeds more than the sole use of Fitsextra® or egusi melon. Integration of hand-weeding with Fitsextra and/or egusi melon reduced weed dry matter by 43.46, 87.25, 92.34 and 93.51 % in 2012, and by 53.20, 90.20, 94.61 and 94.56 % in 2013 compared with hand-weeding alone, Fitsextra alone, egusi melon alone and no weeding, respectively. Plots that were hand-weeded thrice and those treated with Fitsextra + hand-weeding twice significantly (P<0.05) produced the highest fresh tuber yield of 9.73 and 10.23 t/ha, respectively in 2013. No weeding reduced cassava tuber yield by 4.83 t/ha (84.89 %) on a 2-year average, compared with the weeded plots. Conclusively, the results indicated that, three hand-weeding optimized cassava tuber yield, however, the integration of Fitsextra or egusi melon can effectively replace the first hand-weeding.","PeriodicalId":16980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Weed Science","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87585301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2018.9.2
Fahmida Akter, M. Begum, Md. Abdus Salam
A study was conducted in the net house of Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University as well as in farmers’ fields at Digarkanda village of Mymensingh district to evaluate the in situ and ex situ floristic diversity of the weed seed bank in rice. Five fields were surveyed for in situ evaluation with four replications and soil samples (1.5 kg soil) were collected and placed in plastic pots in the net house for ex situ study. Diversity was computed by the Shannon index (H’). a total of 33 weed species belonging to 17 families were found under in situ whereas, 37 species belonging to 22 families germinated under ex situ condition. The family Cyperaceae had the highest species richness and density under both conditions. Based on importance value, the five most dominant species under in situ condition were Eleocharis atroperpurea,Cyperus difformis, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Azolla pinnata and Echinochloa crusgalli. Whereas, under ex situ condition, two new weed species i.e. Fimbristylis miliaceae and Lindernia antipoda were found dominant instead of Alternanthera philoxeroides and Azolla pinnata and rest of the three species remained the same with slightly different rank and order. Weed density and diversity were also higher under ex situ condition than in situ condition. Ex situ condition had higher H’ index (H’=2.396) than in situ condition (H’=2.230). The highest percentage of weed emergence was observed within the first month of commencement of germination trial under both in situ and ex situ conditions. The information obtained from the study would help to determine the infestation potential of identified weed species and predict the upcoming threat which could lead to construct and improve successful weed management strategies.
{"title":"In situ and ex situ floristic diversity of weed seedbank in rice at farmers’ fields","authors":"Fahmida Akter, M. Begum, Md. Abdus Salam","doi":"10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2018.9.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2018.9.2","url":null,"abstract":"A study was conducted in the net house of Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University as well as in farmers’ fields at Digarkanda village of Mymensingh district to evaluate the in situ and ex situ floristic diversity of the weed seed bank in rice. Five fields were surveyed for in situ evaluation with four replications and soil samples (1.5 kg soil) were collected and placed in plastic pots in the net house for ex situ study. Diversity was computed by the Shannon index (H’). a total of 33 weed species belonging to 17 families were found under in situ whereas, 37 species belonging to 22 families germinated under ex situ condition. The family Cyperaceae had the highest species richness and density under both conditions. Based on importance value, the five most dominant species under in situ condition were Eleocharis atroperpurea,Cyperus difformis, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Azolla pinnata and Echinochloa crusgalli. Whereas, under ex situ condition, two new weed species i.e. Fimbristylis miliaceae and Lindernia antipoda were found dominant instead of Alternanthera philoxeroides and Azolla pinnata and rest of the three species remained the same with slightly different rank and order. Weed density and diversity were also higher under ex situ condition than in situ condition. Ex situ condition had higher H’ index (H’=2.396) than in situ condition (H’=2.230). The highest percentage of weed emergence was observed within the first month of commencement of germination trial under both in situ and ex situ conditions. The information obtained from the study would help to determine the infestation potential of identified weed species and predict the upcoming threat which could lead to construct and improve successful weed management strategies.","PeriodicalId":16980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Weed Science","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87051223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2018.9.5
M. Khammassi, Hanène Chaabane, T. Souissi
Ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaudin) is a most prevalent weed in Bizerte region and caused losses in yield. Farmers used herbicides to control ryegrass in cereal crops. Thirteen herbicides (ALS inhibitors, ACCase inhibitors and PSII inhibitors) were used in the field experiment to evaluate their efficacy and their effect on yields of wheat and of ryegrass. The trial was installed in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in Bizerte. Seeds of ryegrass collected from Bizerte during surveys were the subject of the resistance detection to the ALS inhibitor herbicides [AmilcarWG® (mesosulfuron+iodosulfuron)] and to the ACCase inhibitor herbicides [Topik® (clodinafop-propagyl)] by a pot experiment method. The results of the field experiment showed that only Tolurex® [Chlortoluron (PSII inhibitor)] has the best efficacy (83.6%), but all other herbicides (ALS and ACCase inhibitors) have insufficient efficacy on ryegrass. Then, over 60% of ryegrass populations were escaped to treatments ACCase and ALS-inhibiting herbicides that are not statistically different. The low efficacy of herbicides (ALS and ACCase inhibitors) was not explained by a high density of ryegrass, but by the presence of herbicide resistance in ryegrass populations in Bizerte. These results were confirmed by the pot experiment method. The count of the surviving plants of ryegrass (30 DAT) in pot experiment method revealed that 70% of ryegrass populations are resistant to both herbicides inhibitors (ACCase and ALS). Similarly, the percentage of reduction in fresh weight of ryegrass, compared to untreated control, showed over 80% of the ryegrass populations was resistant to ACCase inhibitor herbicides and to ALS inhibitor herbicides.
{"title":"The occurrence of resistance to ALS and ACCase-inhibiting herbicides ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaudin) in Bizerte region","authors":"M. Khammassi, Hanène Chaabane, T. Souissi","doi":"10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2018.9.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2018.9.5","url":null,"abstract":"Ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaudin) is a most prevalent weed in Bizerte region and caused losses in yield. Farmers used herbicides to control ryegrass in cereal crops. Thirteen herbicides (ALS inhibitors, ACCase inhibitors and PSII inhibitors) were used in the field experiment to evaluate their efficacy and their effect on yields of wheat and of ryegrass. The trial was installed in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in Bizerte. Seeds of ryegrass collected from Bizerte during surveys were the subject of the resistance detection to the ALS inhibitor herbicides [AmilcarWG® (mesosulfuron+iodosulfuron)] and to the ACCase inhibitor herbicides [Topik® (clodinafop-propagyl)] by a pot experiment method. The results of the field experiment showed that only Tolurex® [Chlortoluron (PSII inhibitor)] has the best efficacy (83.6%), but all other herbicides (ALS and ACCase inhibitors) have insufficient efficacy on ryegrass. Then, over 60% of ryegrass populations were escaped to treatments ACCase and ALS-inhibiting herbicides that are not statistically different. The low efficacy of herbicides (ALS and ACCase inhibitors) was not explained by a high density of ryegrass, but by the presence of herbicide resistance in ryegrass populations in Bizerte. These results were confirmed by the pot experiment method. The count of the surviving plants of ryegrass (30 DAT) in pot experiment method revealed that 70% of ryegrass populations are resistant to both herbicides inhibitors (ACCase and ALS). Similarly, the percentage of reduction in fresh weight of ryegrass, compared to untreated control, showed over 80% of the ryegrass populations was resistant to ACCase inhibitor herbicides and to ALS inhibitor herbicides.","PeriodicalId":16980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Weed Science","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84973199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2018.9.1
P. Janaki, S. Bhuvanadevi, M. Dhananivetha, P. MuraliArthanari, C. Chinnusamy
Quizalofop ethyl applied regularly in broad leaved field crops as post emergence to control annual and perennial grass weeds. The experiment was carried out to determine the harvest time residues of quizalofop ethyl in soil and ground nut plant using ultra sonic bath extraction and HPLC-DADin Randomized block design. The quizalofop ethyl (5% EC) was applied at four rates along with control treatment. Standardized methodology supported by recovery studies was adopted to estimate quizalofop ethyl residues on groundnut and soil. The recoveries at different spiking level ranged from 74.0 to 99.3 % with the quantification limit of 0.01 μg g-1. The quizalofop ethyl residue in soil was ranged from 0.012 to 0.038 mg/kg at harvest. The residues were below the quantification limit (0.01 mg/kg) and maximum residue limit (MRL) in groundnut haulm and kernels. The study established that quizalofop ethyl at 50 g/ha can be used safely to control grass weeds with the pre harvest interval of 110 days.
{"title":"Persistence of Quizalofop Ethyl in Soil and Safety to Ground Nut by Ultrasonic Bath Extraction and HPLC-DAD Detection","authors":"P. Janaki, S. Bhuvanadevi, M. Dhananivetha, P. MuraliArthanari, C. Chinnusamy","doi":"10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2018.9.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2018.9.1","url":null,"abstract":"Quizalofop ethyl applied regularly in broad leaved field crops as post emergence to control annual and perennial grass weeds. The experiment was carried out to determine the harvest time residues of quizalofop ethyl in soil and ground nut plant using ultra sonic bath extraction and HPLC-DADin Randomized block design. The quizalofop ethyl (5% EC) was applied at four rates along with control treatment. Standardized methodology supported by recovery studies was adopted to estimate quizalofop ethyl residues on groundnut and soil. The recoveries at different spiking level ranged from 74.0 to 99.3 % with the quantification limit of 0.01 μg g-1. The quizalofop ethyl residue in soil was ranged from 0.012 to 0.038 mg/kg at harvest. The residues were below the quantification limit (0.01 mg/kg) and maximum residue limit (MRL) in groundnut haulm and kernels. The study established that quizalofop ethyl at 50 g/ha can be used safely to control grass weeds with the pre harvest interval of 110 days.","PeriodicalId":16980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Weed Science","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88888220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2018.9.3
M. Girotto
The objective of this work was to assess the photosynthetic efficiency of sugarcane crop, in pre-emergency application, of two herbicides inhibiting photosynthesis. For sugar cane cuttings planting (variety SP80-3280), pots with a capacity of 8 dm3 were used. Atrazine and tebuthiuron application was performed by using a stationary spray installed in laboratory conditions and after treatment application, plants were transported to a green house where were kept until the end of the trial. The reading of transport rate (ETR) was conducted in the middle portion of the youngest leaves of sugarcane with a portable fluorometer, with intervals for ETR assessment constituted by: 16, 17, 19, 25 and 30 days after herbicide application. It was also realized visual analysis of phytotoxiciy performed 30 days after application. The results showed that tebuthiuron herbicide caused greater reduction in the rate of electron transport than atrazine. In relation to herbicide symptoms, there was no significant difference between the studied herbicides. At the end of the work it could be verified that the chosen method using fluorometer to measure the rate of electron transport after herbicide application was adequate, allowing verifying sugar cane crop intoxication, even before any visual detection of herbicides performance in plants.
{"title":"Effect of electron transport rate on sugarcane submitted to pre-emergence application of atrazine and tebuthiuron","authors":"M. Girotto","doi":"10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2018.9.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2018.9.3","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this work was to assess the photosynthetic efficiency of sugarcane crop, in pre-emergency application, of two herbicides inhibiting photosynthesis. For sugar cane cuttings planting (variety SP80-3280), pots with a capacity of 8 dm3 were used. Atrazine and tebuthiuron application was performed by using a stationary spray installed in laboratory conditions and after treatment application, plants were transported to a green house where were kept until the end of the trial. The reading of transport rate (ETR) was conducted in the middle portion of the youngest leaves of sugarcane with a portable fluorometer, with intervals for ETR assessment constituted by: 16, 17, 19, 25 and 30 days after herbicide application. It was also realized visual analysis of phytotoxiciy performed 30 days after application. The results showed that tebuthiuron herbicide caused greater reduction in the rate of electron transport than atrazine. In relation to herbicide symptoms, there was no significant difference between the studied herbicides. At the end of the work it could be verified that the chosen method using fluorometer to measure the rate of electron transport after herbicide application was adequate, allowing verifying sugar cane crop intoxication, even before any visual detection of herbicides performance in plants.","PeriodicalId":16980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Weed Science","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88792616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2018.9.4
Jagtap Dnyaneshwar, P. Pawar, M. Sutar, M. Jadhav, S. Pinjari, N. Meshram
Rice is an important staple food crop of India. Several factors are responsible for reducing the yield of Kharif rice. However, weed infestation is the major threat to productivity of Kharif rice. Weeds by the virtue of their high adaptability and faster growth dominate the crop habitat and reduce the yield potential of the crop. These weeds could be controlled through various methods. Manual method is though very common but cost intensive. Herbicides when applied alone are although economical but may have limitation of resistance development and shift in weed flora etc. Therefore, presently there is a need to use high efficacy herbicides in combination coupled with broad spectrum nature to control the complex weed flora in Kharif rice.
{"title":"Effect of weed management practices on Kharif rice- A review","authors":"Jagtap Dnyaneshwar, P. Pawar, M. Sutar, M. Jadhav, S. Pinjari, N. Meshram","doi":"10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2018.9.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2018.9.4","url":null,"abstract":"Rice is an important staple food crop of India. Several factors are responsible for reducing the yield of Kharif rice. However, weed infestation is the major threat to productivity of Kharif rice. Weeds by the virtue of their high adaptability and faster growth dominate the crop habitat and reduce the yield potential of the crop. These weeds could be controlled through various methods. Manual method is though very common but cost intensive. Herbicides when applied alone are although economical but may have limitation of resistance development and shift in weed flora etc. Therefore, presently there is a need to use high efficacy herbicides in combination coupled with broad spectrum nature to control the complex weed flora in Kharif rice.","PeriodicalId":16980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Weed Science","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78905433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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