Pub Date : 1991-01-02DOI: 10.1002/J.1538-7305.1991.TB00501.X
P. Subrahmanyam
Many large scale integrated circuits and systems contain both synchronous and asynchronous subsystems (including self-timed subsystems). Examples include systems having asynchronous interfaces to busses or memories, and systems containing modules clocked by independent, locally generated clocks. This paper discusses specification and automated synthesis techniques for designing such systems. A graphical perspective of the temporal and interface constraints is provided via a timing diagram editor. The specification and synthesis techniques presented allow individual process implementations to be either synchronous, asynchronous, or combinational. We discuss factors influencing the decomposition of the overall system into sub-processes and the choice of implementation styles. Fragments of the design of a Processor Interface Board (PIB) are used to illustrate various concepts. The goal is to enable a designer to improve design quality by synergistically exploiting the advantages of both the synchronous and asynchronous design styles in a system, and to support experimentation with trade-offs in granularity and implementation strategies.
{"title":"Automated synthesis of mixed-mode (asynchronous and synchronous) systems","authors":"P. Subrahmanyam","doi":"10.1002/J.1538-7305.1991.TB00501.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/J.1538-7305.1991.TB00501.X","url":null,"abstract":"Many large scale integrated circuits and systems contain both synchronous and asynchronous subsystems (including self-timed subsystems). Examples include systems having asynchronous interfaces to busses or memories, and systems containing modules clocked by independent, locally generated clocks. This paper discusses specification and automated synthesis techniques for designing such systems. A graphical perspective of the temporal and interface constraints is provided via a timing diagram editor. The specification and synthesis techniques presented allow individual process implementations to be either synchronous, asynchronous, or combinational. We discuss factors influencing the decomposition of the overall system into sub-processes and the choice of implementation styles. Fragments of the design of a Processor Interface Board (PIB) are used to illustrate various concepts. The goal is to enable a designer to improve design quality by synergistically exploiting the advantages of both the synchronous and asynchronous design styles in a system, and to support experimentation with trade-offs in granularity and implementation strategies.","PeriodicalId":170077,"journal":{"name":"AT&T Technical Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116073561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-01-02DOI: 10.1002/J.1538-7305.1991.TB00496.X
J. Bierbauer, J. Eiseman, F. A. Fazal, J. J. Kulikowski
The desire to design systems right the first time and to produce designs that are readily manufacturable is a goal passionately pursued by all engineers. Designers of electronic systems are no exception to this rule; the number and sophistication of the computer-aided design tools used daily by chip designers confirm this. Recently, however, designers of larger electronic systems have also been turning to such tools in growing numbers. This article explores how a specific capability, simulation, has contributed to their success.
{"title":"System simulation with MIDAS","authors":"J. Bierbauer, J. Eiseman, F. A. Fazal, J. J. Kulikowski","doi":"10.1002/J.1538-7305.1991.TB00496.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/J.1538-7305.1991.TB00496.X","url":null,"abstract":"The desire to design systems right the first time and to produce designs that are readily manufacturable is a goal passionately pursued by all engineers. Designers of electronic systems are no exception to this rule; the number and sophistication of the computer-aided design tools used daily by chip designers confirm this. Recently, however, designers of larger electronic systems have also been turning to such tools in growing numbers. This article explores how a specific capability, simulation, has contributed to their success.","PeriodicalId":170077,"journal":{"name":"AT&T Technical Journal","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131298649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-09-01DOI: 10.15325/ATTTJ.1990.6767606
D. Berkley, J. Flanagan
A human's sensory capacity to assimilate, perceive, and react to information is much smaller than the capacity of modern transport facilities that convey the information. Moreover, the volume of information and the complexity of the terminal used to access the information can overwhelm people. The challenge, then, is to match an information system's capabilities to those of our senses. Recent advances in speech-processing technology have made natural voice — our preferred means for information exchange — feasible for human-machine communications. We describe an experimental network, called HuMaNet, that is implemented on commercial ISDN transport. The HuMaNet system uses speech-processing technology to make communications easier and more natural. Spoken commands control the system, which combines image and audio compression, database management, hands-free teleconferencing, and text-to-speech synthesis. Although HuMaNet is only in its initial phase, it has proved a remarkably habitable environment for human control of a complex computer and communications system.
{"title":"HuMaNet: An experimental human-machine communications network based on ISDN wideband audio","authors":"D. Berkley, J. Flanagan","doi":"10.15325/ATTTJ.1990.6767606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15325/ATTTJ.1990.6767606","url":null,"abstract":"A human's sensory capacity to assimilate, perceive, and react to information is much smaller than the capacity of modern transport facilities that convey the information. Moreover, the volume of information and the complexity of the terminal used to access the information can overwhelm people. The challenge, then, is to match an information system's capabilities to those of our senses. Recent advances in speech-processing technology have made natural voice — our preferred means for information exchange — feasible for human-machine communications. We describe an experimental network, called HuMaNet, that is implemented on commercial ISDN transport. The HuMaNet system uses speech-processing technology to make communications easier and more natural. Spoken commands control the system, which combines image and audio compression, database management, hands-free teleconferencing, and text-to-speech synthesis. Although HuMaNet is only in its initial phase, it has proved a remarkably habitable environment for human control of a complex computer and communications system.","PeriodicalId":170077,"journal":{"name":"AT&T Technical Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130930414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-05-06DOI: 10.1002/J.1538-7305.1990.TB00335.X
Lihsin Liu, William A. Nazaret, R. Beale
This paper describes computer-aided design for quality — a new, cost-effective methodology for designing high-quality, manufacturable products using computer-aided design (CAD) systems. Traditionally, CAD systems have been used to simulate a producT's characteristics for a given set of values for the design parameters. Thus, designers could study the effects of design choices on a producT's quality before production started. Recent advances in computer hardware technology have given CAD systems increasingly complex and accurate simulation capabilities, permitting simultaneous examination of the effects of changes in many design parameters. But CADQ goes a step further. It provides powerful, statistical, model-fitting methods and optimization techniques that extend the traditional use of CAD systems. Given a set of quality-performance measures, a designer now can interactively pursue a producT's optimal design, while considering manufacturing constraints and characteristics of the customers' environment. Through a case study, we show the application of CADQ to integrated-circuit design.
{"title":"Computer-aided design for quality (CADQ)","authors":"Lihsin Liu, William A. Nazaret, R. Beale","doi":"10.1002/J.1538-7305.1990.TB00335.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/J.1538-7305.1990.TB00335.X","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes computer-aided design for quality — a new, cost-effective methodology for designing high-quality, manufacturable products using computer-aided design (CAD) systems. Traditionally, CAD systems have been used to simulate a producT's characteristics for a given set of values for the design parameters. Thus, designers could study the effects of design choices on a producT's quality before production started. Recent advances in computer hardware technology have given CAD systems increasingly complex and accurate simulation capabilities, permitting simultaneous examination of the effects of changes in many design parameters. But CADQ goes a step further. It provides powerful, statistical, model-fitting methods and optimization techniques that extend the traditional use of CAD systems. Given a set of quality-performance measures, a designer now can interactively pursue a producT's optimal design, while considering manufacturing constraints and characteristics of the customers' environment. Through a case study, we show the application of CADQ to integrated-circuit design.","PeriodicalId":170077,"journal":{"name":"AT&T Technical Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"119016240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1987-03-04DOI: 10.1002/J.1538-7305.1987.TB00203.X
Y. Shi, L. Klafter, J. F. Bradley, John F. Lynch
The rapid evolution of lightwave technology into today's communication networks, military systems, and industrial applications has spawned a new generation of optical components. One such device, the optical rotor, provides for the transmission of photonic signals across a rotating interface. Low-loss optical rotors for fiber-optic systems are cost-effective while providing significant improvements in transmission quality compared to conventional electrical systems that use slip-ring technology.
{"title":"Report: Optical rotors — Lightwave transmission across rotating interfaces","authors":"Y. Shi, L. Klafter, J. F. Bradley, John F. Lynch","doi":"10.1002/J.1538-7305.1987.TB00203.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/J.1538-7305.1987.TB00203.X","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid evolution of lightwave technology into today's communication networks, military systems, and industrial applications has spawned a new generation of optical components. One such device, the optical rotor, provides for the transmission of photonic signals across a rotating interface. Low-loss optical rotors for fiber-optic systems are cost-effective while providing significant improvements in transmission quality compared to conventional electrical systems that use slip-ring technology.","PeriodicalId":170077,"journal":{"name":"AT&T Technical Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120083979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1987-03-04DOI: 10.1002/J.1538-7305.1987.TB00197.X
G. Holzmann
PICO is an interactive editor for digitized graphic images. Editing operations are defined in a simple expression language based on the C language. The editor treats images as an ordered set of pixel structures stored in two-dimensional arrays. PICO checks editing commands for syntax, translates them into programs, optimizes and then executes them, all within a few seconds of run time. The command structure is similar to that of conventional multifile text editors with options for reading, writing, and transforming digitized images.
{"title":"PICO — A picture editor","authors":"G. Holzmann","doi":"10.1002/J.1538-7305.1987.TB00197.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/J.1538-7305.1987.TB00197.X","url":null,"abstract":"PICO is an interactive editor for digitized graphic images. Editing operations are defined in a simple expression language based on the C language. The editor treats images as an ordered set of pixel structures stored in two-dimensional arrays. PICO checks editing commands for syntax, translates them into programs, optimizes and then executes them, all within a few seconds of run time. The command structure is similar to that of conventional multifile text editors with options for reading, writing, and transforming digitized images.","PeriodicalId":170077,"journal":{"name":"AT&T Technical Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"118316064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Twenty years have passed since the first serious proposal was made to use a glass-fiber waveguide as a telecommunications transmission medium. Since then, vigorous research and development efforts have led to widespread applications of optical-fiber communication throughout the telecommunications industry. Today, lightwave systems research is exploring the vast potential bandwidth of low-loss single-mode fibers for long-haul and local-network applications. Laboratory systems with experimental single-frequency lasers and low-noise avalanche photodiodes have attained multi-gigabit-per-second transmission in single-mode fibers that are well over 100 km long. Coherent technology promises high receiver sensitivity and offers an efficient means for channel selection in a densely packed wavelength-multiplexed system. The first coherent-systems experiments have confirmed theoretical expectations but many challenges lie ahead. Other novel systems for local distribution and networking are also under study. This paper reviews recent research progress in these areas.
{"title":"Advances in lightwave systems research","authors":"Tingye Li","doi":"10.1117/12.967280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.967280","url":null,"abstract":"Twenty years have passed since the first serious proposal was made to use a glass-fiber waveguide as a telecommunications transmission medium. Since then, vigorous research and development efforts have led to widespread applications of optical-fiber communication throughout the telecommunications industry. Today, lightwave systems research is exploring the vast potential bandwidth of low-loss single-mode fibers for long-haul and local-network applications. Laboratory systems with experimental single-frequency lasers and low-noise avalanche photodiodes have attained multi-gigabit-per-second transmission in single-mode fibers that are well over 100 km long. Coherent technology promises high receiver sensitivity and offers an efficient means for channel selection in a densely packed wavelength-multiplexed system. The first coherent-systems experiments have confirmed theoretical expectations but many challenges lie ahead. Other novel systems for local distribution and networking are also under study. This paper reviews recent research progress in these areas.","PeriodicalId":170077,"journal":{"name":"AT&T Technical Journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126387223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1987-01-02DOI: 10.1002/J.1538-7305.1987.TB00476.X
R. Dixon, N. Dutta
High-performance, reliable lightwave devices are the foundation of the current lightwave revolution in communications. The advances in semiconductor laser, LED (light-emitting diode), and photodetector technologies and their role in the evolution of lightwave system architecture are described.
{"title":"Lightwave device technology","authors":"R. Dixon, N. Dutta","doi":"10.1002/J.1538-7305.1987.TB00476.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/J.1538-7305.1987.TB00476.X","url":null,"abstract":"High-performance, reliable lightwave devices are the foundation of the current lightwave revolution in communications. The advances in semiconductor laser, LED (light-emitting diode), and photodetector technologies and their role in the evolution of lightwave system architecture are described.","PeriodicalId":170077,"journal":{"name":"AT&T Technical Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117588044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1987-01-02DOI: 10.1002/J.1538-7305.1987.TB00474.X
J. M. Anderson, D. Frey, C. M. Miller
The functions of splices and connectors are to interconnect the transmission media and to connect the media to optical devices. Splices are for the most part intended to stay permanently connected, although some designs offer the opportunity of separation and rejoining. Connectors, on the other hand, are designed for frequent separation and rejoining. Connectors may possibly require cleaning when rejoined, whereas splices require replacement of matching gels or adhesives and possibly repolishing. The most operationally significant system parameter of these components is optical loss. The loss is dependent on alignment of the fibers, the end conditions of the fibers, and the fiber-core parameters (primarily core diameter and peak index difference in multimode fibers and mode-field diameter in single-mode fibers). These fiber-core parameters are not under the control of the splice or connector design and will not be covered further here.
{"title":"Report: Lightwave splicing and connector technology","authors":"J. M. Anderson, D. Frey, C. M. Miller","doi":"10.1002/J.1538-7305.1987.TB00474.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/J.1538-7305.1987.TB00474.X","url":null,"abstract":"The functions of splices and connectors are to interconnect the transmission media and to connect the media to optical devices. Splices are for the most part intended to stay permanently connected, although some designs offer the opportunity of separation and rejoining. Connectors, on the other hand, are designed for frequent separation and rejoining. Connectors may possibly require cleaning when rejoined, whereas splices require replacement of matching gels or adhesives and possibly repolishing. The most operationally significant system parameter of these components is optical loss. The loss is dependent on alignment of the fibers, the end conditions of the fibers, and the fiber-core parameters (primarily core diameter and peak index difference in multimode fibers and mode-field diameter in single-mode fibers). These fiber-core parameters are not under the control of the splice or connector design and will not be covered further here.","PeriodicalId":170077,"journal":{"name":"AT&T Technical Journal","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"119169223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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