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Acronyms and abbreviations 缩略语
Pub Date : 2018-12-31 DOI: 10.7591/9781501714795-003
G. Swart
CFR Code of Federal Regulations DOE U.S. Department of Energy (also called the Department) EIS environmental impact statement EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FR Federal Register LCF latent cancer fatality MTHM metric tons of heavy metal NEPA National Environmental Policy Act, as amended NRC U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission NWPA Nuclear Waste Policy Act, as amended PM10 particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 micrometers or less PM2.5 particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 micrometers or less REMI Regional Economic Models, Inc. RMEI reasonably maximally exposed individual Stat. United States Statutes TSPA Total System Performance Assessment U.S.C. United States Code
美国联邦法规DOE美国能源部环境影响报告书EPA美国环境保护署联邦公报潜在癌症致死率MTHM公吨重金属NEPA国家环境政策法修订NRC美国核管理委员会NWPA核废料政策法空气动力学直径小于等于2.5微米的PM2.5颗粒物REMI Regional Economic Models, Inc。RMEI合理地最大限度地暴露了美国州法规TSPA总系统性能评估usc美国法典
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引用次数: 0
World-class hardware and transmission design 世界一流的硬件和传动设计
Pub Date : 1993-03-04 DOI: 10.1002/J.1538-7305.1993.TB00531.X
M. Berg, Neil E. Gallensky, G. D. Hamilton, Won U. Huh, J. L. Knight, John J. Sangermano
To serve the global marketplace effectively, AT&T's private branch exchange (PBX) hardware must be adaptable to a wide range of technical and regulatory environments quickly and at minimal cost. To control the potential expense of resolving hardware problems in remote areas, a high level of system reliability must be ensured. This paper presents the reasons for providing hardware adaptability and outlines seven dimensions of the global design problem. It also explores issues confronted in creating the proper degree of hardware flexibility, the design technologies used to address these issues, and AT&T's current, overall approach to global hardware engineering.
为了有效地服务于全球市场,AT&T的专用交换机(PBX)硬件必须以最小的成本快速适应广泛的技术和监管环境。为了控制解决偏远地区硬件问题的潜在费用,必须确保高水平的系统可靠性。本文介绍了提供硬件适应性的原因,并概述了全局设计问题的七个方面。它还探讨了在创建适当程度的硬件灵活性时所面临的问题,用于解决这些问题的设计技术,以及AT&T当前的全球硬件工程总体方法。
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引用次数: 2
Service creation technologies for the intelligent network 面向智能网络的业务创建技术
Pub Date : 1991-06-01 DOI: 10.1002/J.1538-7305.1991.TB00354.X
M. J. Morgan, Michael J. Cosky, T. Gruenenfelder, T. Holmes, G. A. Raack
An intelligent network lets a switch query a network node for help in completing a call. Such a node, for example, can translate an 800 number into a true network address. The network service provider often creates the logic in an intelligent network, but frequently that logic is written by sophisticated subscribers (business customers). Since subscribers can create their own service logic, the service creation system must ensure that such customized logic will not cause the network node to fail or in any way affect the service of other subscribers. Service creation technologies are the tools and technical infrastructure designed specifically to help create and update services. AT&T has created software tools to support application-oriented languages. Its service creation technologies are evolving to meet service provider and service subscriber demands for more control over the services they provide and use.
智能网络允许交换机查询网络节点以帮助完成呼叫。例如,这样的节点可以将800号码转换为真实的网络地址。网络服务提供者通常在智能网络中创建逻辑,但逻辑通常是由成熟的订阅者(业务客户)编写的。由于订阅者可以创建自己的服务逻辑,因此服务创建系统必须确保这种自定义逻辑不会导致网络节点故障或以任何方式影响其他订阅者的服务。服务创建技术是专门为帮助创建和更新服务而设计的工具和技术基础设施。AT&T已经创建了软件工具来支持面向应用的语言。它的服务创建技术正在不断发展,以满足服务提供者和服务订户对其提供和使用的服务进行更多控制的需求。
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引用次数: 11
International applications of AT&T's intelligent network platforms AT&T智能网络平台的国际应用
Pub Date : 1991-06-01 DOI: 10.1002/J.1538-7305.1991.TB00353.X
Alexandra M. Workman, Murthy V. Kolipakam, J. B. Sharpless, V. Stoss, Hans van der Veer
On November 7, 1988 the Digital Derived Services Network (DDSN) in the United Kingdom began providing switch-based Freephone service to British Telecom's (BT) customers. On January 29, 1990, advanced Freephone services were first offered to BT's customers. With the deployment of DDSN in the U. K., AT&T became the first equipment vendor to implement an intelligent network (IN) outside its base country. In addition to DDSN, in 1990 AT&T installed an IN in Spain, and is currently installing another in Italy. AT&T's experience with its international customers has encouraged developing a platform to address international IN needs. This paper discusses the critical components of this platform, and describes the IN architecture and operations systems of the British, Spanish, and Italian networks. It also presents a strategy for evolving these networks in a world of new and evolving services and standards.
1988年11月7日,英国的数字派生服务网络(DDSN)开始为英国电信(BT)的客户提供基于交换机的免费电话服务。1990年1月29日,先进的免费电话服务首次提供给英国电信的客户。随着DDSN在英国的部署,AT&T成为第一个在其基地国家以外实施智能网络(in)的设备供应商。除了DDSN, AT&T在1990年在西班牙安装了一个In,目前正在意大利安装另一个。美国电话电报公司与国际客户的经验,鼓励开发一个平台,以满足国际内部需求。本文讨论了该平台的关键组件,并描述了英国、西班牙和意大利网络的信息系统架构和操作系统。它还提出了在新的和不断发展的服务和标准的世界中发展这些网络的战略。
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引用次数: 5
Makcal: An application generator for advice Makcal:提供建议的应用程序生成器
Pub Date : 1991-01-02 DOI: 10.1002/J.1538-7305.1991.TB00494.X
M. S. Toth
With the increased sophistication of analog-circuit simulation tools comes a heavier reliance on the interfaces to these tools. Today, designers can control simulation tools through programs — a technique referred to as procedural simulation — and derive performance measures (e.g., common-mode rejection ratio, bandwidth, etc.) easily from more-basic circuit-simulation variables (i.e., voltages and currents). This technique has proved to be a valuable feature of AT&T's analog-circuit simulator, ADVICE. To enable designers to exploit procedural simulation more fully, a program called makca1 was created. Makca1 writes a procedural-simulation program that a designer can use to control ADVICE. Makca1 includes the capability to select and present performance measures in a variety of graphic and textual formats. Because makca1 streamlines the programming process, designers can concentrate more fully on designing, which reduces the product's time to market.
随着模拟电路仿真工具的日益复杂,对这些工具的接口的依赖也越来越大。今天,设计人员可以通过程序控制仿真工具——一种被称为程序仿真的技术——并从更基本的电路仿真变量(即电压和电流)中轻松推导出性能度量(例如,共模抑制比,带宽等)。这项技术已被证明是AT&T模拟电路模拟器ADVICE的一个有价值的功能。为了使设计人员能够更充分地利用程序模拟,创建了一个名为makca1的程序。Makca1编写了一个程序模拟程序,设计者可以用它来控制ADVICE。Makca1包括以各种图形和文本格式选择和显示性能度量的功能。由于makca1简化了编程过程,设计师可以更充分地专注于设计,从而缩短了产品上市时间。
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引用次数: 2
Methods for synthesizing testable sequential circuits 可测试顺序电路的合成方法
Pub Date : 1991-01-02 DOI: 10.1002/J.1538-7305.1991.TB00498.X
K. Cheng, V. Agrawal
We present three approaches to designing testable sequential machines. (Testability, in the present context, refers to the ability to generate tests. Testable synthesis guarantees high fault coverage by using an automatic test generator.) In the first approach, we develop a partial scan method in which scan flip-flops are selected to break up the cyclic structure of the sequential circuit. In the second approach, we present a novel state assignment method that results in reduced feedback or pipeline-like structure. The third approach, also applicable to finite state machines, embeds a suitably designed test machine in the given specification before synthesis.
我们提出了三种设计可测试顺序机的方法。(可测试性,在当前上下文中,是指生成测试的能力。可测试综合通过使用自动测试生成器来保证高故障覆盖率。在第一种方法中,我们开发了一种部分扫描方法,其中选择扫描触发器来打破顺序电路的循环结构。在第二种方法中,我们提出了一种新的状态分配方法,其结果是减少反馈或类似管道的结构。第三种方法也适用于有限状态机,在综合之前在给定的规范中嵌入一个适当设计的测试机。
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引用次数: 4
Logic simulation on the MARS multicomputer MARS多机逻辑仿真
Pub Date : 1991-01-02 DOI: 10.1002/J.1538-7305.1991.TB00495.X
P. Agrawal, Chong Hoc Hao, M. Remillard
Design verification of large VLSI (very-large-scale integration) circuits accounts for a sizable part of design time. Simulators verify the design at various levels of abstraction. A fast and accurate simulator enables the designer to introduce a higher quality product into the marketplace early. This paper describes a logic simulator implemented using the MARS (Microprogrammable Accelerator for Rapid Simulations) multicomputer. The logic simulator, AGSIM (Accelerated Good Circuit Simulator), has been integrated into the production CAD (computer-aided design) system at AT&T Bell Laboratories. To date, more than 200 application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) of varying complexity have been simulated with MARS. This paper presents the relevant features of the MARS architecture, and the details of the logic simulator. We present the results on 10 VLSI ASIC simulations to show its increased performance over the existing software simulator, GSIM (Good Circuit Simulator), while maintaining the same accuracy. The MARS project started with accelerated logic simulation as the primary application. However, the programmable nature of the accelerator has made several other applications possible.
大型VLSI(超大规模集成电路)电路的设计验证占设计时间的相当一部分。模拟器在不同的抽象层次上验证设计。一个快速和准确的模拟器使设计人员能够尽早向市场推出更高质量的产品。本文介绍了一种利用MARS (Microprogrammable Accelerator for Rapid Simulations)多计算机实现的逻辑模拟器。逻辑模拟器AGSIM(加速良好电路模拟器)已经集成到AT&T贝尔实验室的生产CAD(计算机辅助设计)系统中。迄今为止,已有超过200种不同复杂性的专用集成电路(asic)被MARS模拟。本文介绍了MARS体系结构的相关特点,以及逻辑模拟器的详细设计。我们展示了10个VLSI ASIC模拟的结果,以显示其比现有软件模拟器GSIM (Good Circuit simulator)的性能有所提高,同时保持相同的精度。MARS项目以加速逻辑仿真作为主要应用开始。然而,加速器的可编程特性使其他几个应用成为可能。
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引用次数: 2
ISHMAEL: An integrated software/hardware maintenance and evolution environment ISHMAEL:一个集成的软件/硬件维护和发展环境
Pub Date : 1991-01-02 DOI: 10.1002/J.1538-7305.1991.TB00497.X
J. Coplien
This system-development environment is a companion to SysCAD that permits users to specify, prototype, simulate, develop, and document a complex digital system. ISHMAEL can manage the simultaneous evolution of a system's software and hardware. ISHMAEL users can develop faithful models of system performance that simulate the interaction of hardware and software at any level of detail. They can iterate hardware and software designs during a simulation, which permits realistic evaluation of design tradeoffs and implementation alternatives early in a system's life cycle and, thus, reduces system costs. ISHMAEL's integrated, graphical interface provides several views of the application being developed: a high-level or a detailed (i.e., schematic) hardware view, and the application-user's view. The system was used for prototyping, specification, evaluation, and implementation of a highly distributed, telecommunications system.
这个系统开发环境是SysCAD的伙伴,它允许用户指定、原型、模拟、开发和记录一个复杂的数字系统。ISHMAEL可以管理系统软件和硬件的同步发展。ISHMAEL用户可以开发系统性能的忠实模型,在任何细节级别上模拟硬件和软件的交互。他们可以在模拟过程中迭代硬件和软件设计,这允许在系统生命周期的早期对设计权衡和实现替代方案进行现实的评估,从而降低系统成本。ISHMAEL的集成图形界面提供了正在开发的应用程序的几种视图:高级或详细(例如,原理图)硬件视图和应用程序用户视图。该系统用于一个高度分布式的电信系统的原型、规范、评估和实现。
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引用次数: 0
CAE/CAD at AT&T: An introduction AT&T的CAE/CAD:介绍
Pub Date : 1991-01-02 DOI: 10.1002/J.1538-7305.1991.TB00493.X
J. Foster
Computer-aided engineering/computer-aided design (CAE/CAD) tools have in the past and will in the future play an important role in the design of AT&T hardware products. Currently, CAE/CAD tools are being used to decrease overall product time-to-market and increase product quality, specifically in the areas of design verification and synthesis. This issue of the AT&T Technical Journal contains papers based on the topics presented at the AT&T CAE/CAD symposium, held in Murray Hill, New Jersey, on October 18, 1989. This paper discusses CAE/CAD in general, as well as its past and future roles in AT&T. It also introduces each paper in this issue and describes its relationship to advances in the field of CAE/CAD technology.
计算机辅助工程/计算机辅助设计(CAE/CAD)工具过去和将来在AT&T硬件产品的设计中都将发挥重要作用。目前,CAE/CAD工具被用于缩短产品上市时间和提高产品质量,特别是在设计验证和综合领域。这一期的AT&T技术期刊包含了1989年10月18日在新泽西州默里山举行的AT&T CAE/CAD研讨会上提出的主题的论文。本文讨论了CAE/CAD的总体情况,以及它在AT&T中过去和未来的作用。介绍了本刊的每篇论文,并描述了其与CAE/CAD技术领域进展的关系。
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引用次数: 0
An incremental environment for computer-aided design tools 计算机辅助设计工具的增量环境
Pub Date : 1991-01-02 DOI: 10.1002/J.1538-7305.1991.TB00500.X
J. Schmidt, T. Kowalski, David S. Smull
We have developed an incremental computer-aided design library that provides run-time facilities to link, unlink, execute, and list functions. At the heart of the library is an incremental loader that helps designers and users customize their basic tool for their design environment. In this paper, we discuss how four computer-aided design tools have benefited from using the library for simulating C-language models, modifying and enhancing graphical user interfaces, extending command languages, and rapidly testing new functionality. Using SCHEMA and MIDAS as case studies, we also describe how the library improves quality and reduces time to market.
我们开发了一个增量计算机辅助设计库,它提供了链接、取消链接、执行和列出函数的运行时功能。库的核心是一个增量加载器,它可以帮助设计人员和用户为他们的设计环境定制他们的基本工具。在本文中,我们讨论了四种计算机辅助设计工具如何受益于使用库来模拟c语言模型,修改和增强图形用户界面,扩展命令语言以及快速测试新功能。使用SCHEMA和MIDAS作为案例研究,我们还描述了该库如何提高质量并缩短上市时间。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
AT&T Technical Journal
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