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A mixed-methods study of relationship stigma and well-being among sexual and gender minority couples 性少数和性别少数夫妻关系污名和幸福感的混合方法研究
IF 3.9 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-02 DOI: 10.1111/josi.12552
Kristi Gamarel, willi farrales, Luz Venegas, Samantha E. Dilworth, Lara S. Coffin, Torsten B. Neilands, Mallory O. Johnson, Kimberly A. Koester

Research has documented associations between relationship stigma, relationship quality and adverse health outcomes among sexual and gender minority couples. However, this work focused primarily on one aspect of an individual's or a couple's identity rather than understanding the intersections of multiple, stigmatized social identities. As part of a larger project focused on testing the efficacy of a couples-based intervention to improve HIV medication adherence, 144 couples completed measures of relationship stigma, relationship quality, mental health, and substance use. A subset of 25 participants completed in-depth interviews to better understand the phenomenon of relationship stigma and its impact on their relationships. Quantitative results demonstrated that greater relationship stigma was associated with reduced relationship satisfaction and commitment, as well as greater closeness discrepancy and depressive symptoms. Qualitative findings provided nuanced insights into forms of relationship stigma that often intersected with other types of stigma and related forces of social and structural violence. Results also demonstrated the differential impact that relationship stigma had on couples and the ways in which individuals make adjustments to cope with or actively combat societal stigma. Findings illustrate the importance of attending to intersecting forms of stigma in addressing the well-being of sexual and gender minority couples.

研究记录了性少数和性别少数夫妇之间的关系耻辱、关系质量和不良健康结果之间的关联。然而,这项工作主要集中在个人或夫妻身份的一个方面,而不是理解多重社会身份的交叉点。作为一个更大项目的一部分,重点是测试以夫妻为基础的干预措施的有效性,以改善艾滋病毒药物依从性,144对夫妇完成了关系耻辱、关系质量、心理健康和药物使用的测量。25名参与者完成了深度访谈,以更好地了解关系耻辱现象及其对他们关系的影响。定量结果表明,更大的关系耻辱与降低的关系满意度和承诺,以及更大的亲密差异和抑郁症状有关。定性研究结果为关系耻辱的形式提供了细致的见解,这些形式通常与其他类型的耻辱以及社会和结构暴力的相关力量交叉。结果还显示了关系耻辱对夫妻的不同影响,以及个人调整以应对或积极对抗社会耻辱的方式。研究结果表明,在解决性和性别少数群体夫妇的福祉问题时,关注交叉形式的耻辱是非常重要的。
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引用次数: 2
Two sides of the same coin: A mixed methods study of Black mothers’ experiences with violence, stressors, parenting, and coping during the COVID-19 pandemic 同一枚硬币的两面:对黑人母亲在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间遭受暴力、压力源、养育子女和应对的经历进行混合方法研究
IF 3.9 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-02 DOI: 10.1111/josi.12526
Lama Hassoun Ayoub, Ty Partridge, Jennifer M. Gómez

Due to systemic and structural inequities, the COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately impacts the Black community, along with ongoing anti-Black racism and violence. Violence against women in the home, particularly Black women, was prevalent during shelter in place, along with the additional family responsibilities of Black mothers. Crenshaw's theory of intersectionality (1991) provides a foundation for examining Black mothers’ experiences during shelter-in-place mandates. This mixed-methods study aimed to quantitatively assess violence victimization, acknowledged racial inequities, depression and anxiety, while qualitatively examining Black mothers’ experiences in parenting during shelter-in-place orders. Participants (N = 127; Mage = 32.4 years) were mothers who self-identify as Black or African American living in a Midwestern US city. Results showed that Black mothers who perceived greater COVID-19 inequities in the Black community reported increased parental stress, decreased emotional support, greater exposure to physical or sexual violence, and higher symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression. Qualitative results yielded numerous themes, including the integrative theme of two sides of the same coin, highlighting both positive parenting experiences and significant stressors for Black mothers. The implications point to the need for intersectional and feminist approaches to interventions and initiatives that support Black women as humans, mothers, souls, and spirits.

由于系统性和结构性的不平等,2019冠状病毒病大流行以及持续的反黑人种族主义和暴力对黑人社区的影响不成比例。在收容期间,对妇女特别是黑人妇女的家庭暴力十分普遍,同时黑人母亲还要承担额外的家庭责任。克伦肖的交叉性理论(1991)为研究黑人母亲在“就地庇护”期间的经历提供了基础。这项混合方法的研究旨在定量地评估暴力受害、公认的种族不平等、抑郁和焦虑,同时定性地检查黑人母亲在安置命令期间的育儿经历。参与者(N = 127;年龄为32.4岁)的母亲,她们自认为是黑人或非裔美国人,生活在美国中西部的一个城市。结果显示,在黑人社区中感受到更大的COVID-19不平等的黑人母亲报告说,父母压力增加,情感支持减少,更多地遭受身体或性暴力,以及更高的压力、焦虑和抑郁症状。定性结果产生了许多主题,包括同一枚硬币两面的综合主题,突出了黑人母亲的积极育儿经历和重大压力源。其含义表明,需要采用交叉和女权主义的方法来干预和倡议,以支持黑人妇女作为人类、母亲、灵魂和精神。
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引用次数: 5
“Me Cuesta Mucho”: Latina immigrant mothers navigating remote learning and caregiving during COVID-19 “我很高兴”:拉丁裔移民母亲在COVID-19期间的远程学习和护理
IF 3.9 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-02 DOI: 10.1111/josi.12546
Sarah Bruhn

Before the pandemic, immigrant mothers from Latin America in the United States typically shouldered the weight of caregiving for children, maintained jobs, and managed transnational care responsibilities. But as COVID-19 erupted across the globe, the combination of gendered roles and a collapsing economy ruptured the already fragile arrangement of childcare and paid labor for Latina immigrant mothers. In this article, I examine how school closures intersected with Latina women's identities and social positions as immigrant mothers who suddenly confronted job loss, illness, and increased familial responsibilities. I show how Latina immigrant women renegotiated relationships to schooling, becoming teachers overnight in an unfamiliar system. Mothers shifted educational aspirations for their children to prioritize safety, as they managed increased stress and conflict while schools remained remote. I demonstrate how the breakdowns in care infrastructure forced mothers to rethink the elusive balance between paid labor and childcare, especially for those who were undocumented. Throughout, I explore how immigrant women's intersecting identities left them vulnerable to structural racism and exclusionary immigration policies. Despite the multiple layers of struggle, women continued to support their children's education and socio-emotional well-being, even in the face of multiple levels of gendered, racialized inequalities.

在大流行之前,来自拉丁美洲的移民母亲通常肩负着照顾孩子、维持工作和管理跨国照顾责任的重担。但随着COVID-19在全球爆发,性别角色和经济崩溃的结合打破了拉丁裔移民母亲本已脆弱的托儿和有偿劳动安排。在这篇文章中,我研究了学校关闭如何与拉丁裔妇女的身份和社会地位相关联,作为移民母亲,她们突然面临失业、疾病和家庭责任的增加。我展示了拉丁裔移民妇女如何重新协商与学校的关系,在一个陌生的系统中一夜之间成为教师。母亲们将孩子的教育愿望转变为优先考虑安全,因为她们要在学校仍然偏远的情况下应对不断增加的压力和冲突。我展示了护理基础设施的崩溃如何迫使母亲们重新思考有偿劳动和儿童保育之间难以捉摸的平衡,尤其是对那些没有证件的人。在整个过程中,我探讨了移民女性的交叉身份如何使她们容易受到结构性种族主义和排他性移民政策的影响。尽管面临着多层次的斗争,妇女仍然继续支持孩子的教育和社会情感福祉,即使面临着多层次的性别、种族不平等。
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引用次数: 9
Addressing stigma among persons living with HIV through the Sujaag project in Pakistan: A socioecological analysis 通过巴基斯坦Sujaag项目解决艾滋病毒感染者的耻辱感:社会生态学分析
IF 3.9 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-08-30 DOI: 10.1111/josi.12547
Kainat Khurshid, Tapati Dutta, Kausar S. Khan, Syed Aun Haider, Usman Ali Ahmed, Hashmat Jatoi, Mohammad Tahir, Raja Sarfraz, Aneeta Pasha, Myra Khan, Mehek Ali

HIV-related stigma causes multifaceted problems for people with lived experiences. Stigma leads to feelings of shame and disgrace, and marginalizes persons living with HIV and their caregivers by marring social relationships and impacting health outcomes. In April 2019 Ratodero Tehsil in Larkana District, Pakistan, had an HIV outbreak, where evidence highlighted increase in infection rates among non-high-risk populations, including children. In the aftermath of this outbreak, affected families faced loss of communal ties in part due to stigmatizing attitudes. The Sujaag Project employed Participatory Action Research strategies to address HIV-based stigma and enhance acceptance of people living with HIV in the region. By utilizing a qualitative methodology, this study reports manifestations in changes in HIV stigma at four layers of the Socioecological Model: Individual, Interpersonal, Community and Social, and Macro levels. Findings from focus group discussions and reflective narrative reports gathered at varied points of the project cycle create an understanding of how HIV-related stigma affects wellbeing and how a collaborative and participatory approach aids in re-establishment of social relationships. This study informs contextual methodologies for incorporating lived experiences of HIV in program design, service delivery, and policy influence, and can be adapted for other stigmatized illnesses in similar contexts.

与艾滋病毒有关的污名给有亲身经历的人带来多方面的问题。污名化导致羞耻感和耻辱感,并通过破坏社会关系和影响健康结果使艾滋病毒感染者及其照顾者边缘化。2019年4月,巴基斯坦拉卡纳县的Ratodero Tehsil爆发了艾滋病毒疫情,有证据表明,包括儿童在内的非高危人群的感染率有所上升。在这次疫情之后,受影响的家庭面临失去社区关系的问题,部分原因是污名化的态度。Sujaag项目采用参与式行动研究战略来解决基于艾滋病毒的耻辱感,提高该地区对艾滋病毒感染者的接受程度。本研究采用定性方法,在社会生态模型的四个层面(个人、人际、社区和社会以及宏观层面)报告了艾滋病耻辱感的变化表现。在项目周期的不同阶段收集的焦点小组讨论和反思性叙述报告的结果使人们了解与艾滋病毒相关的耻辱如何影响福祉,以及协作和参与性方法如何有助于重建社会关系。这项研究为将艾滋病毒的生活经验纳入规划设计、服务提供和政策影响提供了背景方法,并且可以适用于类似背景下的其他污名化疾病。
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引用次数: 4
Is protecting older adults from COVID-19 ageism? A comparative cross-cultural constructive grounded theory from the United Kingdom and Colombia 保护老年人免受COVID-19年龄歧视吗?英国和哥伦比亚的跨文化建构理论比较
IF 3.9 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-08-17 DOI: 10.1111/josi.12538
Elfriede Derrer-Merk, Maria-Fernanda Reyes-Rodriguez, Ana-Maria Salazar, Marisol Guevara, Gabriela Rodríguez, Ana-María Fonseca, Nicolas Camacho, Scott Ferson, Adam Mannis, Richard P Bentall, Kate M Bennett

The COVID-19 pandemic impacted people's lives all over the world, requiring health and safety measures intended to stop the virus from spreading. This study explores whether an unintended consequence of these measures is a new form of ageism. We explore, using qualitative methods, the experiences of older adults living through the pandemic in the United Kingdom and Colombia. Although there were some small differences between countries, for the most part, the experiences were similar. We found that older adults reported that they were seen as a homogenous group and experienced both benevolent and hostile ageism and a loss of autonomy as a consequence of COVID-19 protection measures. Participants from both countries expressed anger and frustration, and increased anxiety, and felt that their individuality was ignored. We recommend that policy-makers, the media, and wider society consider the impact of such health and safety measures on older adults in preparing for future pandemics and health challenges.

COVID-19大流行影响了全世界人民的生活,需要采取旨在阻止病毒传播的健康和安全措施。这项研究探讨了这些措施的意外后果是否是一种新的年龄歧视形式。我们使用定性方法探讨了在英国和哥伦比亚经历大流行的老年人的经历。虽然国家之间有一些小的差异,但在大多数情况下,经历是相似的。我们发现,老年人报告说,他们被视为一个同质群体,由于COVID-19保护措施,他们遭受了善意和敌意的年龄歧视,并失去了自主权。来自两国的参与者都表达了愤怒和沮丧,并增加了焦虑,感觉他们的个性被忽视了。我们建议决策者、媒体和更广泛的社会在为未来的大流行和卫生挑战做准备时考虑此类卫生和安全措施对老年人的影响。
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引用次数: 16
When skinfolk are kinfolk: Higher perceived support and acceptance characterize close same-race (vs. interracial) relationships for people of color 当皮肤族是亲属时:更高的感知支持和接受度是有色人种与同种族(相对于跨种族)关系密切的特征
IF 3.9 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-08-17 DOI: 10.1111/josi.12534
Régine Debrosse, Sabrina Thai, Tess Brieva

People of color cope with racial stigma daily. In this context, support and acceptance from people who share similar racial/ethnic backgrounds can take a special importance. In two studies, using a national U.S. sample (n = 1618) and a term-long weekly-diary design (n = 103), Black, Latine, and Asian students received more support and acceptance from close same-race (vs. interracial) relationships. Compared to White participants, Black and Latine participants reported greater support and acceptance from their relationships. Furthermore, greater support and acceptance in same-race relationships predicted greater flourishing and lower depressive affect, even after controlling for support and acceptance in interracial relationships. These results underscore the importance of same-race relationships for people of color in the U.S. In conjunction with practices addressing structural barriers, opportunities to connect with same-race peers can nurture the flourishment of people of color in the U.S. and possibly other contexts in which they are stigmatized.

有色人种每天都要面对种族歧视。在这种情况下,拥有相似种族/民族背景的人的支持和接受可能具有特别重要的意义。在两项研究中,使用美国全国样本(n = 1618)和一个长期的每周日记设计(n = 103),黑人,拉丁裔和亚洲学生从亲密的同种族(相对于跨种族)关系中获得更多的支持和接受。与白人参与者相比,黑人和拉丁裔参与者从他们的关系中获得了更多的支持和接受。此外,在同种族关系中,更多的支持和接受预示着更大的繁荣和更低的抑郁情绪,即使在控制了跨种族关系中的支持和接受之后也是如此。这些结果强调了同种族关系对美国有色人种的重要性,结合解决结构性障碍的做法,与同种族同龄人联系的机会可以促进美国有色人种的繁荣,甚至可能在其他有色人种被污名化的环境中。
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引用次数: 4
Eradicating ageism through social campaigns: An Israeli case study in the shadows of the COVID-19 pandemic 通过社会运动消除年龄歧视:2019冠状病毒病大流行阴影下的以色列案例研究
IF 3.9 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-08-15 DOI: 10.1111/josi.12540
Sarit Okun, Liat Ayalon

This study examined three social campaigns for the eradication of ageism that were undertaken in Israel during the COVID-19 pandemic (April, 2020–May, 2021). The documentation and analysis of the campaigns were undertaken via the lens of the Theory of Change and Five Key Principles for social campaigns: planning strategically, communicating effectively, fostering community engagement, implementing key activities, and using research. We conducted desk reviews and qualitative interviews with the campaigns’ organizers. The Theory of Change implemented by the campaigns targeted self-ageism among independent older people and/or employers of older adults. All campaigns emphasized “active aging” and “successful aging,” to decrease (self)-ageism. The focus on one dimension of active and positive aging may result in ageism and exclusion of older people who do not fit into the category of independent and active people. The complex timing of the campaigns had influenced the degree of implementation of the five key principles. The joining of forces of different organizations and the employment of more diverse representations of old age, may facilitate the achievement of campaign goals. Finally, an empirical evaluation of social campaigns’ efforts is still necessary to gather evidence about the effectiveness of social campaigns.

本研究审查了2019冠状病毒病大流行期间(2020年4月至2021年5月)在以色列开展的三项消除年龄歧视的社会运动。这些活动的记录和分析是通过变革理论和社会运动的五个关键原则进行的:战略规划、有效沟通、促进社区参与、实施关键活动和利用研究。我们对这些活动的组织者进行了书面评论和定性访谈。运动实施的变革理论针对的是独立老年人和/或老年人雇主中的自我年龄歧视。所有的运动都强调“积极老龄化”和“成功老龄化”,以减少(自我)年龄歧视。对积极和积极老龄化的一个维度的关注可能导致年龄歧视和排斥那些不属于独立和积极人群的老年人。运动的复杂时间安排影响了五项关键原则的执行程度。不同组织的联合力量和雇用更多样化的老年人代表,可能有助于实现运动目标。最后,对社会运动的努力进行实证评估仍然是必要的,以收集有关社会运动有效性的证据。
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引用次数: 10
Reducing ageism toward older adults and highlighting older adults as contributors during the COVID-19 pandemic 减少对老年人的年龄歧视,强调老年人在COVID-19大流行期间的贡献
IF 3.9 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-08-09 DOI: 10.1111/josi.12545
Ashley Lytle, Sheri R. Levy

The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated ageism (stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination) toward older adults in the United States, highlighting the belief that older adults are a burden. Prior to the pandemic, a growing body of research sought to reduce ageism using the PEACE (Positive Education about Aging and Contact Experiences) model. Extending that research, participants were randomly assigned to watch three videos (less than 10 min total) that challenged stereotypes about aging and older adults, depicted positive intergenerational contact, and highlighted older adults as contributors to society (experimental condition) or three videos on wallpaper (control condition). Experimental participants (undergraduate students in Study 1 and a national community sample of young adults in Study 2) reported increased endorsement of older adults as contributors to society and positive stereotypes of older adults. In addition, in Study 2, negative stereotypes of older adults and views of intergenerational conflict were also reduced among experimental (vs. control) participants. These promising findings show that relatively brief ageism reduction interventions are effective during the pandemic and for the first time, that the perception of older adults as contributors to society can be increased. Future directions and implications for social policies are discussed.

2019冠状病毒病大流行加剧了美国对老年人的年龄歧视(陈规定型观念、偏见和歧视),凸显了老年人是负担的观念。在大流行之前,越来越多的研究机构试图利用PEACE(关于老龄化和接触经验的积极教育)模式减少年龄歧视。在这项研究的扩展中,参与者被随机分配观看三段视频(总共不到10分钟),这些视频挑战了对老龄化和老年人的刻板印象,描绘了积极的代际接触,并强调老年人是社会的贡献者(实验条件)或三段墙纸视频(控制条件)。实验参与者(研究1中的本科生和研究2中的全国社区年轻人样本)报告说,老年人作为社会贡献者的认可增加了,老年人的积极刻板印象也增加了。此外,在研究2中,实验参与者(与对照组相比)对老年人的负面刻板印象和代际冲突的看法也有所减少。这些令人鼓舞的发现表明,在大流行期间,相对短暂的减少年龄歧视干预措施是有效的,这是第一次,老年人作为社会贡献者的观念可以得到加强。讨论了未来社会政策的发展方向和影响。
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引用次数: 18
“You are stealing our present”: Younger people's ageism towards older people predicts attitude towards age-based COVID-19 restriction measures “你在偷走我们的礼物”:年轻人对老年人的年龄歧视预示着人们对基于年龄的COVID-19限制措施的态度。
IF 3.9 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-08-09 DOI: 10.1111/josi.12537
Federica Spaccatini, Ilaria Giovannelli, Maria Giuseppina Pacilli

The COVID-19 pandemic emerged to be a fertile ground for age-based prejudice and discrimination. In particular, a growing literature investigated ageism towards older people at the individual and the interpersonal level, providing evidence of its prevalence, antecedents and negative consequences. However, less much is known on the phenomenon at the intergroup level. To fill this gap, the present correlational research investigated the effects of younger people's endorsement of ageism towards older people on the attitude towards COVID-19 restriction measures primarily targeted to older (vs. younger) population. In the autumn of 2020, five hundred and eighty-two Italian participants (83.3% females; Mage = 20.02, SDage = 2.83) completed an online questionnaire. Results revealed that the younger people's endorsement of ageism towards older people increased the attribution of culpability for the severity of COVID-19 restriction measures to older (vs. younger) people, which, in turn positively affected the attitudes towards older (vs. younger) people isolation and support for selective lockdown on older population only. The main contributions of the study, limitations, future research directions, and practice implications are discussed.

新冠肺炎大流行已成为基于年龄的偏见和歧视的肥沃土壤。特别是,越来越多的文献从个人和人际层面调查了对老年人的年龄歧视,提供了其普遍性、前因和负面后果的证据。然而,在群体间层面对这一现象知之甚少。为了填补这一空白,目前的相关研究调查了年轻人对老年人的年龄歧视对主要针对老年人(相对于年轻人)的新冠肺炎限制措施的态度的影响。2020年秋季,582名意大利参与者(83.3%为女性;M年龄=20.02,SD年龄=2.83)完成了一份在线问卷。结果显示,年轻人对老年人年龄歧视的认可增加了对新冠肺炎限制措施严重性的责任归属于老年人(与年轻人相比),这反过来又积极影响了对老年人隔离和支持仅对老年人进行选择性封锁的态度。讨论了本研究的主要贡献、局限性、未来的研究方向和实践意义。
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引用次数: 14
Couples losing kinship: A systematic review of weight stigma in romantic relationships 失去亲属关系的夫妻:对恋爱关系中体重耻辱的系统回顾
IF 3.9 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-08-08 DOI: 10.1111/josi.12542
Alexandria M. Schmidt, Madeline Jubran, Emily Georgia Salivar, Paula M. Brochu

Romantic relationship quality is a robust predictor of health and well-being. With increasing awareness of the pervasiveness and harm of weight stigma, it is important to understand the role of weight stigma within romantic relationships. This systematic review sought to synthesize the findings of research examining the association between weight stigma and relationship functioning. Following PRISMA guidelines, 32 relevant articles were identified. Only nine assessed or manipulated weight stigma directly; most measured body mass index (BMI) and examined associations with relationship outcomes. Although, the association between BMI and relationship functioning was inconsistent across studies, weight stigma, most notably in the form of weight criticism between partners, was consistently associated with poorer relationship functioning, including lower relationship satisfaction, sexual intimacy, relationship stability, and constructive communication during conflict. The existing literature is limited by convenience samples of primarily White, heterosexual adults in individualistic countries. Several studies reinforced and expressed weight stigmatizing beliefs due to reliance on weight-normative perspectives on health to interpret findings. Future research is encouraged to examine the association between weight stigma and relationship functioning and underlying mechanisms using dyadic, longitudinal designs that incorporate weight-inclusive approaches. The development of couples-based interventions to address weight stigma in relationships is sorely needed.

恋爱关系的质量是健康和幸福的有力预测指标。随着人们对体重耻辱感的普遍性和危害的认识不断提高,了解体重耻辱感在恋爱关系中的作用变得非常重要。这篇系统综述试图综合研究体重耻辱感和关系功能之间关系的研究结果。按照PRISMA准则,确定了32篇相关文章。只有9个国家直接评估或操纵了柱头重量;大多数人测量了身体质量指数(BMI),并检查了与关系结果的关系。虽然BMI和关系功能之间的关系在研究中并不一致,但体重耻辱,尤其是伴侣之间体重批评的形式,始终与较差的关系功能相关,包括较低的关系满意度、性亲密度、关系稳定性和冲突期间的建设性沟通。现有的文献受限于个人主义国家中主要是白人、异性恋成年人的方便样本。一些研究加强并表达了体重污名化的信念,因为依赖于体重规范的健康观点来解释研究结果。未来的研究被鼓励去检验体重病耻感和关系功能之间的关联,以及使用包含体重的方法的二元纵向设计的潜在机制。迫切需要发展以夫妻为基础的干预措施,以解决关系中的体重耻辱感。结果显示,BMI与女孩和男孩的约会暴力受害之间没有关联。然而,总的来说,认为自己“太胖”的青春期女孩比不认为自己“太胖”的青春期女孩报告了更多的心理和身体伤害。还观察到种族/民族差异。黑人女孩的身体质量指数或自我感觉体重与约会暴力受害者之间没有明显的联系。西班牙裔女孩体重指数“超重”
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引用次数: 5
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