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Well-being of migrants and immigrants: Perspectives in Asia and from Asians in North America 移民与移民的福祉:亚洲与北美亚洲人的视角
IF 3.9 1区 社会学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2022-09-27 DOI: 10.1111/josi.12560
Yuying Tong, Eric Fong

Immigrant and migrant well-being have been widely studied, but the knowledge gained from immigrant adaptation and well-being has mostly focused on findings from more developed countries, which may diverge from the situation in Asia. East-Asian countries have strong roots in Confucian culture, which celebrates cultural homogeneity, and societies are thus conservative when it comes to welcoming immigrants. Southeast Asian countries are major migrant-sending areas but have now also become important manufacturing centers with dynamic migrant and immigrant groups. In this special issue, we seek to push forward knowledge about the myth of immigrant and migrant adaptation and well-being among both Asian areas and Asian immigrants in North America. In this introductory article, we first discuss a few gaps in research on migration and immigration in Asia, including migration of the same ethnicity group across different political systems in the Asian context, migration and its influence on family and well-being between and among Southeast Asian countries, as well as Asian immigrants in North America. We then introduce the various contributions to this special issue. We conclude with a discussion of policy implications.

移民和移民福祉已被广泛研究,但从移民适应和福祉中获得的知识主要集中在较发达国家的研究结果,这可能与亚洲的情况有所不同。东亚国家有着深厚的儒家文化根基,崇尚文化同质性,因此在欢迎移民方面,社会是保守的。东南亚国家是主要的移民输出地区,但现在也成为重要的制造业中心,拥有充满活力的移民和移民群体。在这期特刊中,我们试图推动有关亚洲地区和北美亚洲移民的移民和移民适应和福祉的神话的知识。在这篇介绍性文章中,我们首先讨论了亚洲移民和移民研究中的一些空白,包括亚洲背景下不同政治制度下同一种族群体的移民,东南亚国家之间和之间的移民及其对家庭和福祉的影响,以及北美的亚洲移民。然后,我们将介绍对本期特刊的各种贡献。最后,我们将讨论政策影响。
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引用次数: 0
Ageism toward older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: Intergenerational conflict and support COVID-19大流行期间对老年人的年龄歧视:代际冲突与支持
IF 3.9 1区 社会学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2022-09-24 DOI: 10.1111/josi.12554
Alina Sutter, Mamta Vaswani, Patrick Denice, Kate H. Choi, Joanie Bouchard, Victoria M. Esses

A cross-national representative survey in Canada and the U.S. examined ageism toward older individuals during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, including ageist consumption stereotypes and perceptions of older people's competence and warmth. We also investigated predictors of ageism, including economic and health threat, social dominance orientation, individualism and collectivism, social distancing beliefs, and demographics. In both countries, younger adults were more likely to hold ageist consumption stereotypes, demonstrating intergenerational conflict about the resources being used by older people. Similarly, young adults provided older people with the lowest competence and warmth scores, though adults of all ages rated older individuals as more warm than competent. Particularly among younger individuals, beliefs about group-based dominance hierarchies, the importance of competition, and the costs of social distancing predicted greater endorsement, whereas beliefs about interdependence and the importance of sacrificing for the collective good predicted lower endorsement of ageist consumption stereotypes. Support for group-based inequality predicted lower perceived competence and warmth of older individuals, whereas beliefs about interdependence and the importance of sacrificing for the collective good predicted higher perceived competence and warmth of older individuals. Implications for policies and practices to reduce intergenerational conflict and ageist perceptions of older individuals are discussed.

在加拿大和美国进行的一项具有跨国代表性的调查调查了2019冠状病毒病大流行第一年对老年人的年龄歧视,包括年龄歧视消费刻板印象以及对老年人能力和热情的看法。我们还调查了年龄歧视的预测因素,包括经济和健康威胁、社会支配取向、个人主义和集体主义、社会距离信念和人口统计学。在这两个国家,年轻人更有可能持有年龄歧视的消费刻板印象,这表明了代际间关于老年人使用资源的冲突。同样,年轻人给老年人的能力和热情得分最低,尽管所有年龄段的成年人都认为老年人更热情而不是更有能力。特别是在年轻人中,关于基于群体的统治等级、竞争的重要性和社会距离成本的信念预示着更大的支持,而关于相互依存和为集体利益牺牲的重要性的信念预示着对年龄歧视消费刻板印象的更低支持。支持基于群体的不平等预示着老年人较低的感知能力和温暖度,而相互依存和为集体利益牺牲的重要性的信念预示着老年人较高的感知能力和温暖度。讨论了减少代际冲突和老年人年龄歧视观念的政策和做法的影响。
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引用次数: 15
What guy wouldn't want it? Male victimization experiences with female-perpetrated stranger sexual harassment 什么人不想要?男性对女性实施陌生人性骚扰的受害经历
IF 3.9 1区 社会学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2022-09-24 DOI: 10.1111/josi.12559
Caroline Erentzen, Alisha C. Salerno-Ferraro, Regina A. Schuller

The present research explored female-perpetrated stranger sexual harassment of young male victims. Across two studies, male participants aged 16–23 reported that they had experienced a range of unwanted sexual attention from unknown female perpetrators, including both in-person harassment (e.g., seductive behavior and catcalls, unwanted sexual touching) and online harassment (e.g., unsolicited sexual text messages and images, requests for nude self photos). Participants reported that in-person sexual harassment started as early as 9–12 years of age and online harassment began between 12–14 years of age. Open-ended descriptions of these early events revealed troubling narratives of non-consensual sexual touching, forcibly removed clothing, groping, aggression, and being followed, with much of it committed by adult women. Participants recounted being asked, in adolescence, to send nude photos and receiving persistent sexual demands, often from older women. In addition, participants reported uncertainty with gender role expectations, believing that they were supposed to enjoy sexual attention but in reality finding it disturbing and unpleasant. Practical implications, policy recommendations, and future directions are discussed.

本研究探讨了女性对年轻男性受害者实施的陌生人性骚扰。在两项研究中,16-23 岁的男性参与者报告说,他们经历了一系列来自未知女性施害者的不受欢迎的性关注,包括当面骚扰(如诱惑行为和猫叫声、不受欢迎的性触摸)和网络骚扰(如不请自来的性短信和图片、索要裸体自拍照)。据参与者报告,当面性骚扰早在他们 9-12 岁时就已开始,而网络骚扰则始于他们 12-14 岁时。对这些早期事件的开放式描述揭示了一些令人不安的情况,包括未经同意的性触摸、强行脱掉衣服、摸索、侵犯和跟踪,其中大部分是成年女性所为。参与者讲述了他们在青春期被要求发送裸体照片,并不断收到性要求,这些要求往往来自年长的女性。此外,参与者还报告了对性别角色期望的不确定性,她们认为自己应该享受性关注,但实际上却发现这种关注令人不安和不快。本文讨论了研究的实际意义、政策建议和未来方向。
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引用次数: 4
“Let the strongest survive”: Ageism and social Darwinism as barriers to supporting policies to benefit older individuals “让最强者生存”:年龄歧视和社会达尔文主义是支持有利于老年人的政策的障碍
IF 3.9 1区 社会学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2022-09-24 DOI: 10.1111/josi.12553
Betül Kanık, Özden Melis Uluğ, Nevin Solak, Maria Chayinska

The World Health Organization (WHO) identified +65 individuals as one of the most vulnerable populations in the current pandemic. Previous research has shown a robust association between ageism and derogatory attitudes and behaviors targeting older people. We proposed that reluctance of people under age 65 to endorse the policies that benefit older adults can be further explained by their adherence to social Darwinism. We tested a mediation model to examine whether social Darwinism would predict support for policies directly and indirectly through the endorsement of ageist attitudes. We conducted two correlational studies in Turkey (Study 1; N = 1261) and the United States (Study 2; N = 210). In Study 1, we collected data through social media and messaging platforms in April 2020. In Study 2, participants were recruited via Prolific Academic in May 2020. In both studies, we found that adherence to social Darwinist beliefs negatively predicted support for policies. We also found that this association was positively mediated by ageist attitudes. Overall, our research contributes to the scholarly effort to identify the social-psychological barriers to public support for legal initiatives aimed to secure a healthy and productive future for older people.

世界卫生组织(世卫组织)将65人确定为当前大流行中最脆弱的人群之一。先前的研究表明,年龄歧视与针对老年人的贬损态度和行为之间存在密切联系。我们提出,65岁以下的人不愿意支持有利于老年人的政策,这可以进一步解释为他们对社会达尔文主义的坚持。我们测试了一个中介模型,以检验社会达尔文主义是否会通过支持年龄歧视态度直接或间接地预测对政策的支持。我们在土耳其进行了两项相关研究(研究1;N = 1261)和美国(研究2;N = 210)。在研究1中,我们于2020年4月通过社交媒体和消息平台收集数据。在研究2中,参与者于2020年5月通过多产学术网站招募。在这两项研究中,我们都发现,坚持社会达尔文主义信仰会对政策的支持产生负面影响。我们还发现,年龄歧视态度正介导了这种联系。总的来说,我们的研究有助于确定公众支持旨在确保老年人健康和富有成效的未来的法律举措的社会心理障碍的学术努力。
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引用次数: 8
Older adults’ perceptions and experiences of ageism during the COVID-19 pandemic 2019冠状病毒病大流行期间老年人对年龄歧视的看法和经历
IF 3.9 1区 社会学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2022-09-10 DOI: 10.1111/josi.12557
Meghan McDarby, Catherine H. Ju, Matthew C. Picchiello, Brian D. Carpenter

The current study investigates older adults’ perceptions of ageism in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using tenets of Stereotype Embodiment Theory and the Behaviors from Intergroup Affect and Stereotypes Map framework, we sought to (a) examine whether older adults experienced ageism as self-relevant during the pandemic and (b) understand whether older adults experienced certain media messages and interpersonal behaviors during the pandemic and interpreted them as being motivated by potentialpaternalistic age stereotypes. Older adults aged 65 and older recruited from the community (n = 73) participated in a semi-structured interview about their perspectives on ageism toward older adults during the pandemic. Participants also completed an online survey about their experiences with a range of messages and interpersonal behaviors throughout the pandemic. We thematically analyzed interview data and identified three primary themes: self-relevance of age stereotypes; awareness of negative, overgeneralized portrayals of older adults; and defenses against self-relevance of age stereotypes. Survey responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics and frequency counts and suggest that participants attributed messages and behaviors potentially imbued with paternalistic ageism as motivated primarily by care and concern for older adults. The findings add to the field's understanding of older adults’ experiences and perceptions of ageism in the media and in interpersonal behaviors in the context of COVID-19.

目前的研究调查了美国老年人在COVID-19大流行期间对年龄歧视的看法。利用刻板印象体现理论和群体间影响行为和刻板印象地图框架的原则,我们试图(a)检查老年人是否在大流行期间经历了与自我相关的年龄歧视,(b)了解老年人是否在大流行期间经历了某些媒体信息和人际行为,并将其解释为受到潜在的家长式年龄刻板印象的激励。从社区招募的65岁及以上老年人(n = 73)参加了一次半结构化访谈,询问他们对大流行期间老年人受到的年龄歧视的看法。参与者还完成了一项在线调查,了解他们在大流行期间的一系列信息和人际行为经历。我们对访谈数据进行了主题分析,确定了三个主要主题:年龄刻板印象的自我相关性;意识到对老年人的负面、过度概括的描述;防止年龄刻板印象的自我关联。使用描述性统计和频率计数对调查结果进行了分析,结果表明,参与者将可能充满家长式年龄歧视的信息和行为归因于主要出于对老年人的照顾和关心。这些发现加深了该领域对2019冠状病毒病背景下老年人对媒体和人际行为中年龄歧视的经历和看法的理解。
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引用次数: 9
The impact of COVID-19 on domestic violence agency functioning: A case study COVID-19对家庭暴力机构运作的影响:案例研究
IF 3.9 1区 社会学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2022-09-10 DOI: 10.1111/josi.12549
Natania S. Lipp, Nicole L. Johnson

Initial evidence suggests that rates of intimate partner violence (IPV) increased at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, much of the prevalence research has focused on survivors’ experiences of IPV during the initial lockdown period from March to June 2020. The current study adds to this initial research by centering the experience of a domestic violence agency located in the United States, 3-months prior to, during, and after the COVID-19 lockdown. The results suggest a similar pattern across service utilization (e.g., total clients served, calls, safe house capacity) and survivor demographics (e.g., race/ethnicity, cisgender women and men), with an initial decrease in service utilization from pre-lockdown to lockdown and an increase, surpassing pre-lockdown, post-lockdown. The only deviations from this pattern of service utilization were for sexual minority individuals, whose service utilization continued to decline post-lockdown and Asian American/Pacific Islander and trans/gender-nonbinary survivors who rarely utilized services across the time period. Additionally, the domestic violence agency relied heavily on their existing finances, well-rounded staff training, and staff wellbeing throughout the pandemic. The unique challenges that COVID-19 provided demanded flexibility, increased technological utilization, and additional funding particularly for safe housing. Implications for future research, intervention, and policy change are provided below.

初步证据表明,亲密伴侣暴力发生率在2019冠状病毒病大流行开始时有所上升。然而,许多流行病学研究都集中在2020年3月至6月最初封锁期间IPV幸存者的经历上。目前的研究通过以位于美国的一家家庭暴力机构的经验为中心,在COVID-19封锁之前、期间和之后的三个月,为最初的研究提供了补充。结果表明,在服务利用率(例如服务的客户总数、呼叫、安全屋容量)和幸存者人口统计数据(例如种族/族裔、无性别妇女和男子)方面存在类似的模式,从封锁前到封锁期间,服务利用率最初有所下降,但在封锁前和封锁后有所增加。唯一偏离这种服务利用模式的是性少数群体,他们的服务利用在封锁后继续下降,而亚裔美国人/太平洋岛民和跨性别/非二元性别幸存者在这段时间内很少利用服务。此外,在整个大流行期间,家庭暴力机构严重依赖其现有资金、全面的工作人员培训和工作人员的福利。COVID-19带来的独特挑战需要灵活性、提高技术利用率和额外资金,特别是为安全住房提供资金。对未来研究、干预和政策改变的启示如下。
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引用次数: 2
Integration or isolation: Social identity threat relates to immigrant students’ sense of belonging and social approach motivation in the academic context 融合或孤立:社会认同威胁与移民学生在学术环境中的归属感和社会接近动机有关
IF 3.9 1区 社会学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2022-09-09 DOI: 10.1111/josi.12548
Laura Froehlich, Lise Gulli Brokjøb, Jana Nikitin, Sarah E. Martiny

Stigmatized individuals often feel threatened by negative stereotypes about their group. Previous research showed that concerns about being negatively stereotyped (i.e., social identity threat) have detrimental effects on performance in the stereotyped domain. Little research has focused on interpersonal consequences of negative stereotypes, despite their essential role for integration of stigmatized groups like immigrants. The current work examines the relations of social identity threat with sense of belonging and social approach motivation in immigrant university students, and the moderating effect of ethnic and national identity. Two studies with immigrant university students in Norway (total sample N = 252) showed that concerns about being negatively stereotyped at university were negatively associated with immigrant students’ sense of belonging to university which in turn related to lower social approach motivation toward other students. Further, social approach motivation predicted students’ behavioral intentions to approach social events. There was also first evidence for a moderating effect of ethnic and national identity on the relationship between social identity threat and sense of belonging. Practical implications for immigrants’ societal and educational integration are discussed.

被污名化的个体通常会因对其群体的负面刻板印象而感到威胁。先前的研究表明,对负面刻板印象(即社会身份威胁)的担忧对刻板印象领域的表现有不利影响。很少有研究关注负面刻板印象对人际关系的影响,尽管它们对移民等被污名化群体的融合起着至关重要的作用。本研究旨在探讨移民大学生社会认同威胁与归属感和社会接近动机的关系,以及族群和国家认同的调节作用。两项针对挪威移民大学生的研究(总样本N = 252)表明,对大学负面刻板印象的担忧与移民学生对大学的归属感呈负相关,而大学归属感又与他们对其他学生的社会接近动机较低有关。此外,社会接近动机预测学生接近社会事件的行为意向。此外,也有初步证据表明,民族和国家认同对社会认同威胁和归属感之间的关系有调节作用。讨论了移民社会和教育融合的实际意义。
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引用次数: 5
A mixed-methods study of relationship stigma and well-being among sexual and gender minority couples 性少数和性别少数夫妻关系污名和幸福感的混合方法研究
IF 3.9 1区 社会学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2022-09-02 DOI: 10.1111/josi.12552
Kristi Gamarel, willi farrales, Luz Venegas, Samantha E. Dilworth, Lara S. Coffin, Torsten B. Neilands, Mallory O. Johnson, Kimberly A. Koester

Research has documented associations between relationship stigma, relationship quality and adverse health outcomes among sexual and gender minority couples. However, this work focused primarily on one aspect of an individual's or a couple's identity rather than understanding the intersections of multiple, stigmatized social identities. As part of a larger project focused on testing the efficacy of a couples-based intervention to improve HIV medication adherence, 144 couples completed measures of relationship stigma, relationship quality, mental health, and substance use. A subset of 25 participants completed in-depth interviews to better understand the phenomenon of relationship stigma and its impact on their relationships. Quantitative results demonstrated that greater relationship stigma was associated with reduced relationship satisfaction and commitment, as well as greater closeness discrepancy and depressive symptoms. Qualitative findings provided nuanced insights into forms of relationship stigma that often intersected with other types of stigma and related forces of social and structural violence. Results also demonstrated the differential impact that relationship stigma had on couples and the ways in which individuals make adjustments to cope with or actively combat societal stigma. Findings illustrate the importance of attending to intersecting forms of stigma in addressing the well-being of sexual and gender minority couples.

研究记录了性少数和性别少数夫妇之间的关系耻辱、关系质量和不良健康结果之间的关联。然而,这项工作主要集中在个人或夫妻身份的一个方面,而不是理解多重社会身份的交叉点。作为一个更大项目的一部分,重点是测试以夫妻为基础的干预措施的有效性,以改善艾滋病毒药物依从性,144对夫妇完成了关系耻辱、关系质量、心理健康和药物使用的测量。25名参与者完成了深度访谈,以更好地了解关系耻辱现象及其对他们关系的影响。定量结果表明,更大的关系耻辱与降低的关系满意度和承诺,以及更大的亲密差异和抑郁症状有关。定性研究结果为关系耻辱的形式提供了细致的见解,这些形式通常与其他类型的耻辱以及社会和结构暴力的相关力量交叉。结果还显示了关系耻辱对夫妻的不同影响,以及个人调整以应对或积极对抗社会耻辱的方式。研究结果表明,在解决性和性别少数群体夫妇的福祉问题时,关注交叉形式的耻辱是非常重要的。
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引用次数: 2
Two sides of the same coin: A mixed methods study of Black mothers’ experiences with violence, stressors, parenting, and coping during the COVID-19 pandemic 同一枚硬币的两面:对黑人母亲在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间遭受暴力、压力源、养育子女和应对的经历进行混合方法研究
IF 3.9 1区 社会学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2022-09-02 DOI: 10.1111/josi.12526
Lama Hassoun Ayoub, Ty Partridge, Jennifer M. Gómez

Due to systemic and structural inequities, the COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately impacts the Black community, along with ongoing anti-Black racism and violence. Violence against women in the home, particularly Black women, was prevalent during shelter in place, along with the additional family responsibilities of Black mothers. Crenshaw's theory of intersectionality (1991) provides a foundation for examining Black mothers’ experiences during shelter-in-place mandates. This mixed-methods study aimed to quantitatively assess violence victimization, acknowledged racial inequities, depression and anxiety, while qualitatively examining Black mothers’ experiences in parenting during shelter-in-place orders. Participants (N = 127; Mage = 32.4 years) were mothers who self-identify as Black or African American living in a Midwestern US city. Results showed that Black mothers who perceived greater COVID-19 inequities in the Black community reported increased parental stress, decreased emotional support, greater exposure to physical or sexual violence, and higher symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression. Qualitative results yielded numerous themes, including the integrative theme of two sides of the same coin, highlighting both positive parenting experiences and significant stressors for Black mothers. The implications point to the need for intersectional and feminist approaches to interventions and initiatives that support Black women as humans, mothers, souls, and spirits.

由于系统性和结构性的不平等,2019冠状病毒病大流行以及持续的反黑人种族主义和暴力对黑人社区的影响不成比例。在收容期间,对妇女特别是黑人妇女的家庭暴力十分普遍,同时黑人母亲还要承担额外的家庭责任。克伦肖的交叉性理论(1991)为研究黑人母亲在“就地庇护”期间的经历提供了基础。这项混合方法的研究旨在定量地评估暴力受害、公认的种族不平等、抑郁和焦虑,同时定性地检查黑人母亲在安置命令期间的育儿经历。参与者(N = 127;年龄为32.4岁)的母亲,她们自认为是黑人或非裔美国人,生活在美国中西部的一个城市。结果显示,在黑人社区中感受到更大的COVID-19不平等的黑人母亲报告说,父母压力增加,情感支持减少,更多地遭受身体或性暴力,以及更高的压力、焦虑和抑郁症状。定性结果产生了许多主题,包括同一枚硬币两面的综合主题,突出了黑人母亲的积极育儿经历和重大压力源。其含义表明,需要采用交叉和女权主义的方法来干预和倡议,以支持黑人妇女作为人类、母亲、灵魂和精神。
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引用次数: 5
“Me Cuesta Mucho”: Latina immigrant mothers navigating remote learning and caregiving during COVID-19 “我很高兴”:拉丁裔移民母亲在COVID-19期间的远程学习和护理
IF 3.9 1区 社会学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2022-09-02 DOI: 10.1111/josi.12546
Sarah Bruhn

Before the pandemic, immigrant mothers from Latin America in the United States typically shouldered the weight of caregiving for children, maintained jobs, and managed transnational care responsibilities. But as COVID-19 erupted across the globe, the combination of gendered roles and a collapsing economy ruptured the already fragile arrangement of childcare and paid labor for Latina immigrant mothers. In this article, I examine how school closures intersected with Latina women's identities and social positions as immigrant mothers who suddenly confronted job loss, illness, and increased familial responsibilities. I show how Latina immigrant women renegotiated relationships to schooling, becoming teachers overnight in an unfamiliar system. Mothers shifted educational aspirations for their children to prioritize safety, as they managed increased stress and conflict while schools remained remote. I demonstrate how the breakdowns in care infrastructure forced mothers to rethink the elusive balance between paid labor and childcare, especially for those who were undocumented. Throughout, I explore how immigrant women's intersecting identities left them vulnerable to structural racism and exclusionary immigration policies. Despite the multiple layers of struggle, women continued to support their children's education and socio-emotional well-being, even in the face of multiple levels of gendered, racialized inequalities.

在大流行之前,来自拉丁美洲的移民母亲通常肩负着照顾孩子、维持工作和管理跨国照顾责任的重担。但随着COVID-19在全球爆发,性别角色和经济崩溃的结合打破了拉丁裔移民母亲本已脆弱的托儿和有偿劳动安排。在这篇文章中,我研究了学校关闭如何与拉丁裔妇女的身份和社会地位相关联,作为移民母亲,她们突然面临失业、疾病和家庭责任的增加。我展示了拉丁裔移民妇女如何重新协商与学校的关系,在一个陌生的系统中一夜之间成为教师。母亲们将孩子的教育愿望转变为优先考虑安全,因为她们要在学校仍然偏远的情况下应对不断增加的压力和冲突。我展示了护理基础设施的崩溃如何迫使母亲们重新思考有偿劳动和儿童保育之间难以捉摸的平衡,尤其是对那些没有证件的人。在整个过程中,我探讨了移民女性的交叉身份如何使她们容易受到结构性种族主义和排他性移民政策的影响。尽管面临着多层次的斗争,妇女仍然继续支持孩子的教育和社会情感福祉,即使面临着多层次的性别、种族不平等。
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引用次数: 9
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