Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness最新文献

The Mediterranean lifestyle has attracted significant research attention in recent years. This lifestyle is supported by several key pillars, including dietary habits, social and spiritual engagement, and physical activity. Although much of the research has focused on the health benefits of the Mediterranean diet, physical activity has received comparatively less emphasis. Nevertheless, physical activity remains a vital component of the Mediterranean lifestyle, deeply embedded in cultural traditions and daily routines. This paper examines the defining features, movement patterns, and cultural foundations of physical activity within the traditional Mediterranean lifestyle. By drawing on historical sources, anthropological studies, and contemporary research, we characterize Traditional Mediterranean Physical Activity (TMPA) as a set of habitual, non-structured movement patterns integrated into daily life. These activities include farming, fishing, manual labor, dancing, and walking for transportation, all reflecting a functionally active lifestyle shaped by environmental and occupational demands. The study also explores how TMPA has evolved and its potential alignment with modern physical activity paradigms. The key components of TMPA include functional movements, outdoor engagement, and communal participation, reflecting a culturally embedded approach to physical activity in Mediterranean societies. This study provides a foundation for understanding TMPA as a distinct movement model shaped by tradition and sustainability and offers insights into how these activity patterns have persisted or adapted in contemporary settings.

Introduction: Swimming, as a universal popular sport, can carry a high risk of injury. The current research aimed to demonstrate a comprehensive overview of swimming-related musculoskeletal injuries in amateur, competitive and elite swimmers through the utilization of a systematic review and meta-analysis methodology.

Evidence acquisition: A comprehensive search was performed in the five valid databases (the Scopus, PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Web of Science) utilizing two sets of keywords up to January 2025 based on the PRISMA approach. The prevalence of shoulder injuries and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated applying a random effect model. The quality assessment of the papers in the current review was performed utilizing the critical appraisal tools of Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI).

Evidence synthesis: The included papers totally comprised 10,973 individuals. The prevalence of injuries in these individuals was in the range between 0.3 and 91.2%. Shoulder injuries in 66 out of 94 studies (70.2%), knee in 34 out of 94 studies (36.1%), arm/forearm in 20 out of 94 studies (21.2%), neck in 16 out of 94 studies (17.02%), hand injuries in 14 out of 94 studies (14.8%), low back in 13 out of 94 studies (13.8%), and spine in 11 out of 94 studies (11.7%) were the highest prevalence in diversified injuries. The subgroup analysis showed that the polled prevalence of shoulder injuries in elite swimmers (46.03%; 95% CI 35.85, 56.22) was higher than the amateur (45.77%; 95% CI 29.96, 61.57) and competitive (33.96%; 95% CI 30.59, 37.33) individuals. The subgroup analysis showed that the polled prevalence of shoulder injuries in elite swimmers (46.03%; 95% CI 35.85, 56.22) was higher than the amateur (45.77%; 95% CI 29.96, 61.57) and competitive (33.96%; 95% CI 30.59, 37.33) individuals.

Conclusions: These outcomes spotlight the urgent need for injury prevention and management protocols, in particular targeting vulnerable regions such as the shoulder and knee in swimmers.

Background: The aim of this study was to determine sex- and age-specific handgrip strength percentiles in French adults and investigate sociodemographic and anthropometric variables associated with lower upper arm strength.

Methods: A sample of 18,532 French adults (5262 men, 13,090 women), aged 18-91, from the NutriNet-Santé cohort (2011-2014) was assessed for handgrip strength. For each hand, the maximum grip strength in kilograms was recorded. Grip strength was analyzed in absolute terms and relative units (relative to body weight and BMI). Percentiles (5^th to 95^th) were established by age and sex. Sociodemographic, lifestyle, and anthropometric factors associated with low handgrip strength (<20^th percentile) were evaluated using logistic regression, considering age, education, income, smoking status, BMI, physical activity, and sitting time.

Results: Low BMI was linked to low handgrip strength in both sexes, whereas overweight was protective in men (OR 0.77). In women, lower education correlated with higher odds of low strength (OR 0.78-0.84). Male former or current smokers had higher odds of low grip strength (OR 1.20-1.35), while women showed an inverse association (OR 0.86). Physical activity reduced risk in both sexes, particularly at high activity levels (men OR 0.74; women OR 0.73). Age was a key factor in women, with increased odds in the 45-49 and 55-59 age groups (OR 1.27 and 1.32).

Conclusions: The reference values provide reference data for French adults, and these data should be useful in identifying populations at risk of low muscle strength and sarcopenia.

Background: The aim of our research was to compare the effects of the TRX Suspension Trainer and Physioball devices on developing trunk muscles among primary school students.

Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, we used non-randomized sampling methods. 40 primary school students were involved in the study (14 years old). The participants exclusively used TRX and Physioball devices between the warm-up and relaxation part. For the measurement we applied the trunk stability test (modified plank test) and the dynamic balance test (Y-balance test, star balance test). Statistical tests used: Wilcoxon test, Mann-Whitney U Test. The P value was set at P<0.050. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0 software.

Results: The local muscular endurance of the core muscles was significantly improved in both groups (P<0.001). In the TRX and in the Physioball group the stability of the upper limb was significantly improved (P<0.050), except for one direction (P=0.059) in the TRX group. In the lower limb of the TRX and of the Physioball group there was a significant improvement (P<0.050) except for two directions (medial: P=0.083; anteromedial: P=0.154) in the TRX group and two directions (anterior: P=0.052; posteromedial: P=0.085) in the Physioball group.

Conclusions: The applied program had a positive effect, but no significant difference was found between the developmental effects of the TRX and Physioball. Despite the different availability prices of the devices and the similar but different mechanisms of action of the devices, it can be said that both devices are equally effective.

Introduction: Down syndrome (DS), caused by an extra chromosome 21, leads to physical and cognitive challenges. Physical activity is underutilized as a therapeutic approach. This study reviews the effectiveness of physical exercise in improving body composition and health outcomes in individuals with DS.

Evidence acquisition: Following PRISMA guidelines, this review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42024561407). A systematic search across six databases identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving physical activity interventions in DS populations compared to controls. Data were analyzed using a random-effects model, with heterogeneity assessed through REML, Q-test, and I². Risk of bias was evaluated using RoB 2.

Evidence synthesis: From 245 records, 13 RCTs (447 participants from eight countries) met inclusion criteria. Interventions lasted 6 to 43 weeks, with 1 to 5 sessions per week. Body mass decreased significantly (SMD: -0.2099, 95% CI: -0.3539 to -0.0658). BMI and body fat also reduced significantly (SMD: -0.2369 and -0.4255, respectively). Waist circumference showed no significant changes, but favorable trends were noted. Muscle strength improvements in chest and leg press were positive but not statistically significant.

Conclusions: Physical exercise significantly improves body composition in individuals with DS, notably reducing body mass, BMI, and body fat. These findings highlight the value of structured physical activity as part of DS management to improve health and quality of life.

Background: Blood flow restriction (BFR) implemented during aerobic exercise has been shown to alter cardiopulmonary responses under intensity-matched conditions, but its effects relative to maximal running speed and the gas exchange threshold (GET) remain unclear. The purpose of this investigation was to examine cardiopulmonary (oxygen consumption [V̇O2] and carbon dioxide production [V̇CO2]) responses during submaximal running with BFR relative to maximal running without BFR and the GET.

Methods: Fifteen aerobically trained females completed a custom ramp protocol to determine peak running speed and GET. Participants randomly completed four, three-minute running bouts at 70%BFR, 80%BFR, and 90%BFR of their top speed with BFR and 100%NOBFR of their top speed without BFR. Separate Bayesian repeated-measure models were performed to examine differences in V̇O2 and V̇CO2 during the final minute of the bouts.

Results: V̇O2 largely increased across bouts but was similar between the 80%BFR and 90%BFR (Meandiff=-2.26±-0.44 mL·kg^-1·min^-1) bouts as well as the 90%BFR and 100%NOBFR (Meandiff=-2.54±0.03 mL·kg^-1·min^-1) bouts. V̇CO2 also increased across bouts and was similar between the 90%BFR and 100%NOBFR (Meandiff=-0.25±-0.02 L·min^-1) bouts. Relative to GET, V̇O2 and V̇CO2 was greater during each bout (GET < 70%BFR, 80%BFR, 90%BFR, and 100%NOBFR).

Conclusions: Pulmonary gas exchange during submaximal running with BFR was comparable to maximal running without BFR (i.e., 90%BFR and 100%NOBFR) and greater than speed-matched running (i.e., relative to GET). Thus, BFR may serve as a training adjunct to lower the intensity (i.e., ≤10%) relative to the GET.

Background: This study evaluated the effects of external focus distance for novice soccer players to determine motor skills and enhancing shooting accuracy in soccer. Soccer demands a unique combination of physicality and technical finesse, with precision, accuracy, and ball-handling skills distinguishing great players. This study aims to investigate the impact of different external focus cues on the shooting accuracy of novice male soccer players during a crossbar challenge. It aims to provide insights for coaches and players to optimize training techniques for skill development.

Methods: The study involved 45 male participants aged 18-25 who were assigned to the distal external focus, proximal external focus, and control group. Participants performed a practice trial followed by five experimental trials with specific focus instructions. Shooting accuracy was measured using the Loughborough Soccer Shooting Test. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 20, which included a mixed paired t-test and one-way ANOVA to compare the group performances.

Results: Participants with a distal external focus (M=2.4080) group consistently achieved the highest scores, followed by the proximal external focus group (M=1.5573), with the control group (M=1.3467) having the lowest scores.

Conclusions: The study shows that, in comparison to a proximal external focus and a control group, a distal external focus significantly increases soccer shooting accuracy. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing motor skills and enhancing shooting accuracy in soccer.

Background: This study aimed to determine the effects of changes in muscle mass and quality on muscle function and physical performance following an 8-week resistance training (RT) intervention.

Methods: Thirty-three healthy young women (23.1±2.2 years) underwent high- or low-velocity concentric knee extension RT at 60% one-repetition maximum strength (1RM) load for 10 repetitions × 4 sets, 3 times a week for 8 weeks. Before and after the RT intervention, quadriceps femoris muscle thickness (MT) (muscle mass index) and echo intensity (EI) (muscle quality index) were measured using B-mode ultrasound. Muscle function, including maximum isokinetic muscle strength, 1RM, rate of velocity development (RVD), and peak power, was assessed. Physical performance was evaluated using the countermovement jump (CMJ). Percentage changes (%change) in all parameters before and after the intervention were calculated for subsequent analyses. Multiple regression analysis was used to examined the contributions of changes in EI and MT to various muscle functions and physical performance, with the intervention group included as the covariate.

Results: MT %change was associated with 1RM %change (std.β=0.51, P=0.003), whereas EI %change was correlated with RVD %change (std.β=-0.39, P=0.025), peak power %change (std.β=--0.39, P=0.025), and CMJ %change (std.β=-0.44, P=0.011).

Conclusions: RT-induced increases in muscle mass contributed to improvements in 1RM, whereas enhancements in muscle quality were associated with gains in peak power, RVD, and CMJ. These results suggest training programs aimed at improving dynamic explosive performance in young adults should not only target muscle hypertrophy but also incorporate strategies to enhance muscle quality.

Plantar fasciopathy is a prevalent cause of heel pain, often mischaracterized as an inflammatory condition. It primarily affects individuals aged 40 to 60, with risk factors including foot biomechanics, obesity, and prolonged standing. Diagnosis relies on clinical assessment, incorporating validated tests such as the Windlass and Foot Posture Index tests, alongside imaging when necessary. Treatment follows a stepwise approach based on foot morphology, starting with conservative measures such as activity modification, targeted stretching of the plantar fascia and calf muscles, footwear optimization, and orthotic support. If symptoms persist beyond 8-12 weeks, shockwave therapy and, in refractory cases, corticosteroid or platelet-rich plasma injections may be considered. Surgery remains a last resort. A personalized treatment strategy based on biomechanical evaluation and patient-specific factors is crucial for successful outcomes. This guide provides an evidence-based framework for clinicians to accurately diagnose and effectively manage plantar fasciopathy.