Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness最新文献

Introduction: When exercising to preferred music (PM), participants found more satisfaction and less typical exercise-related fatigue, which made it easier and more enjoyable to maintain the physical activity (PA) until the exercise goals were achieved. The purpose of this review and meta-analysis was to determine whether changes on internal training load in adult recreational athletes were modified by listening to PM and non-preferred music (NPM), during different PA.

Evidence acquisition: A music-focused search was performed on the Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science databases to identify relevant articles to this topic published after 2000 to investigate the effects of PM on psychophysiological responses to PA.

Evidence synthesis: Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the qualitative analysis. The research studies' sample sizes varied from ten to twenty-five participants. Heart rate (HR) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) on internal training load were the selected indicators. The use of different kinds of music had mostly, non-significant effects on HR and RPE toward the ability of music to allow participants to dissociate from the intensity level they are experiencing.

Conclusions: The meta-analysis confirmed that preferred music had no significant effect on HRmean or RPE. The results of this review contradict the idea that listening to music improves exercise performance.

Background: Understanding the dietary intake of elite adolescent athletes and its adequacy with sport nutrition recommendation is a key issue for health and player development, as well as performance and recovery. Energy availability needs to be considered to ensure optimal health and performance in young athletes. The present study aimed to quantify energy availability, energy expenditure and macronutrient intake in young male rugby union players competing at national level.

Methods: Twelve male adolescent players (15.6±0.6 years) completed a 7-days prospective observational study (5 days of training and 2 days of full recovery). Total energy expenditure was estimated using indirect calorimetry and heart rate measurement. Energy intake was assessed using weighed food by a dietitian in cafeteria (training days) and image-based dietary (recovery days). Energy availability was calculated using (energy intake-exercise energy expenditure)/fat-free mass.

Results: Mean energy availability was 38.5±7.5, 40.2±5.4 and 47.8±5.1 kcal/kgFFM/d on heavy training, moderate training and recovery days, respectively. Players consumed a low carbohydrate (~5.0 g/kg/d), high protein (~2.0 g/kg/d) and high fat (~1.8 g/kg/d) diet on training and recovery days in relation to current international nutritional recommendations for young athletes.

Conclusions: Athletes showed sub-optimal energy availability on training days, high energy availability on recovery days and did not comply with carbohydrate intake recommendations on training nor recovery days. These results highlight the short-term inadequacy of energy availability as a result of low carbohydrate intake, warning about the possible adverse short-term metabolic effects on health and performance of young athletes.

Background: Although runners are healthier than most of the population, they can incur a risk of injury. Literature shows a strong evidence of risk factors for running-related injuries (RRIs) based on characteristics of running. This study aimed to assess differences in psychosocial factors between injured and uninjured recreational runners.

Methods: The study was designed as a 1-year prospective study with 108 participants (age 36.3±8.4y). The primary outcome was the incidence of RRIs at 1-year follow-up. The primary exposure variables were running-related characteristics and psychosocial factors assessed upon entry into the study. The differences between injured and uninjured runners were assessed using Mann-Whitney U Test, independent samples t-test and the effect size was assessed by Cohen's d.

Results: No statistically significant differences were observed between injured and uninjured runners in relation to the psychosocial factors examined.

Conclusions: However, it is noteworthy that we identified medium-sized effects for the amount of sleep (d=0.46) and restless sleep (d=0.43), providing a basis for future research with larger sample sizes and more refined measures of sleep patterns to elucidate the potential role of sleep in RRIs.

Background: Assessing player readiness is crucial in elite basketball. This study aims to provide a practical method for monitoring player readiness through the handgrip test and identify associations with wellness scales.

Methods: Fifteen players (age: 25.3±3.3 years; weight: 92.2±11.8 kg; height: 1.94±0.09 m; BMI: 24.3±1.8 kg/m²; experience: 6.5±3.4 years) from an elite basketball team participated in this cohort study, which was conducted over 9 weeks of training and official competitions. All players were medically cleared and injury-free for three months prior. Daily psychometric questionnaires assessed different aspects of wellness using analog scales, combined with a handgrip test. Training cycles were developed according to the Game-Day method.

Results: All parameters investigated, except the handgrip test, (means ranging from 53.43±8.06 kg to 54.03±7.79 kg) showed significant variations in the weekly training cycle (P<0.05). The linear regression results indicate that while the overall model is statistically significant (P=0.039), the predictive power of the individual independent variables is not strong, with the model able to explain approximately 4.13% of the variability in the dependent variable "Handgrip." The calculation of the minimal detectable change (MDC) confirmed that for this variable, on average, significant changes (approximately 6.77 kg) are generally required to be noteworthy.

Conclusions: This study demonstrates that the handgrip test is not an effective tool for objectively assessing player readiness in elite basketball. Regular monitoring using this method cannot help in making informed decisions about training and competition readiness. Conversely, psychometric have shown stronger sensitivity in determining player status during the weekly training cycle.

Background: So-called scores are a frequently used evaluation system in clinical examinations to assess the function or limitations of a joint such as the shoulder. However, research indicates that these general scores often have limited validity for specific patient groups, such as athletes. Known as a demanding patient population, athletes have unique needs. We address this by introducing a sport-specific shoulder score questionnaire developed specifically for functional fitness and weightlifting populations.

Methods: Utilizing MRIs (magnet resonance imaging) and clinical examinations from a group of 51 athletes in the functional fitness and weightlifting field who are experiencing shoulder pain, we initially validated a sport-specific score system. With these data and an approach via PCA (principal component analyze), the weights for the questionnaire were calculated, Later, we conducted clinical examinations and interviews with 92 athletes from the same field, comprising both athletes with no clinical issues and athletes with shoulder pain. With the help of the N.=92 individuals, we validated the questionnaire and adjusted the weighting of the questions where necessary. The principle of the PCA was to show which questions were most frequently answered with a high score by those athletes with structural damage in the MRI or positive clinical tests.

Results: A total of 143 athletes were analyzed, all having undergone clinical examinations with a primary focus on rotator cuff and long head of the biceps (LHB) pathologies, as well as glenohumeral instability. In N.=51 an additional MRI was available. The sensitivity was found to be 89%, precision was 67%, and specificity was 42%. The calculated F1 score was 0.76. The scoring threshold for the questionnaire was set at 22 out of 100.

Conclusions: This score offers a cost-effective, risk-free tool for identifying shoulder pathologies in weightlifting athletes, boasting a high sensitivity of 89%. It is intended to be an extension of existing score questionnaires that are more focused on a specific, very demanding patient population such as weightlifting and functional fitness athletes.

Endurance sports have witnessed an increase in female participation, demanding a constant and evolving reassessment of the specific physiological and health implications of female athletes. In the present review, we analyze cardiovascular, hematological adaptations and anthropometry and hormonal fluctuations highlighting sex-specific differences in response to exercise, with estrogen playing a fundamental role in modulating body composition and metabolic processes. Nutritional aspects, in particular energy availability, macronutrient distribution and hydration, are fundamental in supporting training demands and menstrual function. Nevertheless, the repercussions of nutritional deficiencies, interacting in the female athlete triad - which also includes amenorrhea, osteoporosis and eating disorders - underline the importance of comprehensive management strategies. In addition, we comprehensively discuss the multiorgan effects of physical training, highlighting the intersections between sex-specific differences, nutritional needs, and cardiovascular adaptations. Cardiovascular remodeling in female endurance athletes reveals both morphological and functional adaptations, requiring a deep understanding of effective cardiovascular risk assessment and screening. The synthesis of current knowledge highlights the complexity of the physiological landscape of the female athlete practicing endurance sports, requiring ongoing exploration and tailored interventions. In conclusion, this review aims to support a gender-based approach to athletic training and health management and research, intending to optimize performance while safeguarding the well-being of female athletes.

Introduction: Sports injuries involving bi-articular muscles like the hip flexors, hamstrings, quadriceps, and gastrocnemius significantly affect athletes' performance and quality of life. Comprehensive rehabilitation is crucial for a pain-free return to play (RTP). Over the past 15 years, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has emerged for its potential in tissue regeneration. However, the effects in pain relief and early RTP remained debated. This systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) aimed to evaluate the efficacy of PRP in pain management for injured athletes.

Evidence acquisition: A systematic review searched on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on PRP injections in injured athletes up to May 28, 2024. Studies had to meet the following population, intervention, control and outcome (PICO) criteria: professional athletes treated with leukocyte-rich or leukocyte-poor PRP versus other treatments, with pain measured by visual analogue scale (VAS), numeric rating scale (NRS), or verbal rating scale (VRS) scales. Systematic review registered on PROSPERO (CRD42024552342).

Evidence synthesis: Out of total of 1675 articles, we included seven RCTs on PRP treatment for muscle injuries and tendinopathies in athletes. Two studies on hamstring injuries had conflicting results on PRP's efficacy; two studies on different muscles showed significant pain relief and quicker recovery with ultrasound-guided PRP, limited by small sample sizes and lack of double-blind protocols. For tendinopathies, an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction study with autologous bone-patellar tendon-bone grafts showed significant pain improvements but had a small sample size. Another study on patellar tendinopathy found no PRP benefits over placebo. A third study found long-term improvement with PRP over shockwave therapy for patellar tendinitis, despite design limitations.

Conclusions: This systematic review suggested that PRP might aid in pain management for athletes, but high-quality evidence is lacking. Further research with standardized methodologies is needed to confirm the PRP efficacy, which could complement multidisciplinary rehabilitation.

Introduction: This systematic review is aimed to evaluate the outcomes of published studies on the topic of fatigue-induced neuromuscular and biomechanical changes after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.

Evidence acquisition: The identification of studies involved a search across three databases - PubMed, Scopus, and Sportdiscus - until July 2023. The key terms utilized were fatigue, anterior cruciate ligament, biomechanics, electromyography, and landing. Included in the analysis were studies that examined the impact of fatigue on neuromuscular or biomechanical variables in individuals with ACLR, with comparisons drawn to either the contralateral side or healthy controls.

Evidence synthesis: Fourteen studies, involving 396 athletes (245 males, 151 females; mean age 23.43 years) met the inclusion criteria. Among these studies, eleven employed general fatigue protocols, and three used peripheral protocols. The tasks varied across the studies, including single-leg landing tasks, maximum voluntary isometric contraction tests, forward jump, and squat. Despite differing tasks, the findings regarding the impact of fatigue on lower limb kinematics, kinetics, and surface electromyography muscle activation patterns were inconsistent. However, in the majority of cases, the response to fatigue was similar between individuals who had undergone ACL reconstruction (ACLR) and healthy.

Conclusions: The main finding of this systematic review was that fatigue changed things sometimes, however, fatigue did not change biomechanics and activity patterns differently in patients after ACLR vs. controls. General fatigue protocols did not produce enough stimulation to show deference between ACLRs and controls. Future studies should focus on different fatigue protocols (such as sport-specific protocols) and more challenging landing tasks.

Background: This study explored the effects of innovative physical training during COVID-19 periods on college students' health self-efficacy, body image, and subjective well-being.

Methods: Forty-one students were recruited through convenience sampling and assigned to three exercise groups (i.e., aerobic plus resistance exercise [AE+RE], resistance plus aerobic exercise [RE+AE], and traditional dispersed aerobic plus resistance exercise [control]). The intervention sessions for each group were conducted 3 days per week for 30 min per session. The control group participated in a traditional exercise program comprising 5 days per week.

Results: Study results indicated that all three types of physical training programs effectively improved the participants' health self-efficacy (P<0.05). Female students scored significantly higher on health self-efficacy, body image, and subjective well-being than male students (P<0.05). The AE+RE group scored significantly higher on body image and subjective well-being than did the other two groups (RE+AE and control, P<0.05).

Conclusions: This study provides valuable insights that can assist in developing innovative physical education courses at higher education institutions to improve body satisfaction and well-being for the college students.