Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, Carcinogenesis, Gene Expression Regulation, Tumor Microenvironment. Intoduction: Cancer as one of the most common genetic diseases is the leading cause of death worldwide. Cancer cells undergo various genetic and phenotypic changes to spread and survive. In the early stages, these changes lead to the development of tumor, while at the advanced stages they can provide a suitable pre-metastatic microenvironment in which various uncontrolled events occur including cell proliferation, traversing through the extracellular matrix, and crossing barriers to enter the bloodstream. Extracellular changes in this microenvironment can induce intracellular changes in primary cancer cells that assist in the sustainability and propagation of these cells. Complicated interactions between the external and internal factors result in the establishment of various regulatory networks between different types of carcinogenesis promoting factors. Identification of these modifications plays a critical role in understanding the mechanisms of disease progression, prognosis and management. Text: Various mutations and differential gene expression trigger metastasis of cancer cells by epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) mechanism, among which the role of chromatin structural changes, intracellular signal transduction pathways, regulation of cell cycle and microRNAs, and genomic instability has been reported. The alterations in gene expression patterns of mentioned pathways lead to potential regulatory complications that faced the management of disease progression and response to therapies with problems. Cancer cells provide their requirements by neutralizing biological barriers, modifying the regulation of inhibiting processes of cancer progression, establishing de novo endogenous mechanisms and providing specialized molecular and structural markers, and various combinations of these methods have been demonstrated in different types of cancer. Furthermore, EMT and Structural, cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Cancer Journal of Cell and Tissue 13(2) (2022) 71-94 cancer stem cells (CSCs) have a mutual relationship in which the presence of one assists the occurrence of the other. Altogether, cancer cells take the advantage of multiple approaches including upregulation of main transcription factors such as snail, slug, Foxc2, Twist and ZEB1/2, benefiting the mechanisms of telomere length protection, production of CD133,CD44 and BMI1 biomarkers, mutation in P53 coding gene, Failure in acquiring aging phenotype, mutation in amino acid residue S115 of SIM2S gene and increased genomic instability, enhanced activity of signaling pathways such as NF-κB, TGF-β, Wnt, Notch and Hh, mitotic rounding process, facilitated cell division, epigenetic changes such as acetylation and methylation of histones and dysregulation of miRNAs. Conclusion: EMT plays a crucial role in cancer progression, crossi
上皮-间质转化，癌变，基因表达调控，肿瘤微环境。导言:癌症作为最常见的遗传性疾病之一，是世界范围内导致死亡的主要原因。癌细胞通过各种遗传和表型变化来扩散和生存。在早期阶段，这些变化导致肿瘤的发展，而在晚期阶段，它们可以提供一个合适的转移前微环境，在这个微环境中发生各种不受控制的事件，包括细胞增殖、穿过细胞外基质和跨越屏障进入血液。这种微环境的细胞外变化可以诱导原发性癌细胞的细胞内变化，从而帮助这些细胞的可持续性和繁殖。外部和内部因素之间复杂的相互作用导致不同类型的致癌促进因子之间建立了多种调控网络。鉴定这些修饰在理解疾病进展、预后和管理机制方面起着关键作用。文本:各种突变和差异基因表达通过上皮向间充质转化(epithelial to mesenchymal transition, EMT)机制触发癌细胞转移，其中染色质结构改变、细胞内信号转导途径、细胞周期和microrna调控以及基因组不稳定性等作用已被报道。上述途径的基因表达模式的改变导致潜在的调节并发症，这些并发症面临着疾病进展的管理和对治疗的反应存在问题。癌细胞通过中和生物屏障、修改肿瘤进展抑制过程的调控、建立新的内源性机制和提供专门的分子和结构标记来满足它们的需求，这些方法的各种组合已在不同类型的癌症中得到证实。此外，EMT和癌症上皮-间充质转化过程中涉及的结构、细胞和分子机制细胞与组织杂志13(2)(2022)71-94癌症干细胞(CSCs)具有相互关系，其中一个的存在有助于另一个的发生。总的来说，癌细胞通过上调snail、slug、Foxc2、Twist和ZEB1/2等主要转录因子，发挥端粒长度保护、CD133、CD44和BMI1生物标志物的产生、P53编码基因突变、衰老表型获取失败、SIM2S基因氨基酸残基S115突变和基因组不稳定性增加、NF-κB、TGF-β、Wnt等信号通路活性增强等多种机制。Notch和Hh，有丝分裂圆切过程，促进细胞分裂、表观遗传变化，如组蛋白的乙酰化和甲基化以及mirna的失调。结论:EMT在肿瘤进展、细胞跨越生物和机体屏障、转移等过程中起着至关重要的作用，而转移往往与癌症患者预后不良有关。细胞发育主要通路的分子和细胞变化被认为是EMT的促进因素，是由于EMT中基因与正常表型细胞的差异表达所致。这些变化及其在癌症进展中的作用的探索进展可以显著影响疾病的早期诊断、治疗和管理。目的:本文从信号转导途径、染色质和端粒的结构变化、mirna等小分子非编码rna的上调/下调、细胞周期调节和基因组不稳定性等方面对EMT进展和癌症的分子和细胞机制进行了研究。هرود،تفابولولس13هرامش،2،لاس1401تاحفص،71ات94
{"title":"Structural, cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Cancer","authors":"Moniri Javadhesari, Vaezi Heris","doi":"10.52547/jct.13.2.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/jct.13.2.71","url":null,"abstract":"Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, Carcinogenesis, Gene Expression Regulation, Tumor Microenvironment. Intoduction: Cancer as one of the most common genetic diseases is the leading cause of death worldwide. Cancer cells undergo various genetic and phenotypic changes to spread and survive. In the early stages, these changes lead to the development of tumor, while at the advanced stages they can provide a suitable pre-metastatic microenvironment in which various uncontrolled events occur including cell proliferation, traversing through the extracellular matrix, and crossing barriers to enter the bloodstream. Extracellular changes in this microenvironment can induce intracellular changes in primary cancer cells that assist in the sustainability and propagation of these cells. Complicated interactions between the external and internal factors result in the establishment of various regulatory networks between different types of carcinogenesis promoting factors. Identification of these modifications plays a critical role in understanding the mechanisms of disease progression, prognosis and management. Text: Various mutations and differential gene expression trigger metastasis of cancer cells by epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) mechanism, among which the role of chromatin structural changes, intracellular signal transduction pathways, regulation of cell cycle and microRNAs, and genomic instability has been reported. The alterations in gene expression patterns of mentioned pathways lead to potential regulatory complications that faced the management of disease progression and response to therapies with problems. Cancer cells provide their requirements by neutralizing biological barriers, modifying the regulation of inhibiting processes of cancer progression, establishing de novo endogenous mechanisms and providing specialized molecular and structural markers, and various combinations of these methods have been demonstrated in different types of cancer. Furthermore, EMT and Structural, cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Cancer Journal of Cell and Tissue 13(2) (2022) 71-94 cancer stem cells (CSCs) have a mutual relationship in which the presence of one assists the occurrence of the other. Altogether, cancer cells take the advantage of multiple approaches including upregulation of main transcription factors such as snail, slug, Foxc2, Twist and ZEB1/2, benefiting the mechanisms of telomere length protection, production of CD133,CD44 and BMI1 biomarkers, mutation in P53 coding gene, Failure in acquiring aging phenotype, mutation in amino acid residue S115 of SIM2S gene and increased genomic instability, enhanced activity of signaling pathways such as NF-κB, TGF-β, Wnt, Notch and Hh, mitotic rounding process, facilitated cell division, epigenetic changes such as acetylation and methylation of histones and dysregulation of miRNAs. Conclusion: EMT plays a crucial role in cancer progression, crossi","PeriodicalId":17049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Stem Cell Research and Tissue Engineering","volume":"246 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72871152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Daneshyar, A. Khosravi, F. Omidali, S. Shokati Basir
high-fat Regular exercise training could augment the HFD-induced upregulation of ATG7 expression. However, it could not the HFD-induced upregulation of ATG5 gene expression. Based on the results could be exercise training accompanied by a high-fat diet may stimulate the autophagy mechanism in white adipose tissue, resulting in a positive adaptation in white adipose tissue development.
{"title":"The effect of regular exercise training on gene expression of Autophagy related protein 5 (ATG5) and Autophagy related protein 7 (ATG7) of white adipose tissue of mice with a high-fat diet","authors":"S. Daneshyar, A. Khosravi, F. Omidali, S. Shokati Basir","doi":"10.52547/jct.13.2.95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/jct.13.2.95","url":null,"abstract":"high-fat Regular exercise training could augment the HFD-induced upregulation of ATG7 expression. However, it could not the HFD-induced upregulation of ATG5 gene expression. Based on the results could be exercise training accompanied by a high-fat diet may stimulate the autophagy mechanism in white adipose tissue, resulting in a positive adaptation in white adipose tissue development.","PeriodicalId":17049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Stem Cell Research and Tissue Engineering","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90101962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Snail1, siRNA, miR-143, Breast cancer Aim: In the past decades, many efforts have been made with the aim of searching for new tools to treat cancer. In this regard, the discovery, investigation and application of techniques related to small interfering RNAs (siRNA) has been one of the most significant advances in the field of cancer detection and treatment. Small interfering RNA, sometimes known as short interfering RNA or silencing RNA, is usually 21 bp long and interferes with the expression of specific genes with complementary nucleotide sequences and prevents translation by degrading mRNA after transcription. Many studies have shown that siRNAs affect the regulation of the expression of some genes that play a role in cancers. siRNAs are effective on Snail transcription factors, which play an important role in the invasion and metastasis of cancer cells, and miR-143, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cancers. miRNAs together with transcription factors can disrupt the biological pathways involved in carcinogenesis. However, the exact effect of siRNA on the expression of snail1 and miRNA-143 genes in breast cancer cells is not completely clear. Based on this, the present study investigated the effects of siRNA on snail1 and miRNA-143 on breast cancer cells.Material and Methods were purchased from Pasteur Institute of Iran. The cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium containing 10% FBS. Snail1 gene kit (Santacruz biotechnology, California, USA) was used to treat cancer cells with specific siRNA. The cells were divided into two groups: control (no treatment) and treated cells (transfected with siRNA). In order to determine the effective time, the cells were exposed to a dose of 60 Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting from Functionally Graded Beams Using Modified Shear Deformation Theories 2 Mechanics of Advanced and Smart Materials Journal 1(2) (2022) 151 – 166 picomoles of siRNA for 24, 48 and 72 hours. Beta actin gene was used as internal control gene. Morphology of MDA-MB-468 metastatic cells were examined using light microscopy before and after specific gene transfection. Cell proliferation was checked by trypan blue staining. Snail1 and miR-143 gene expression levels were evaluated by qRT-PCR. Data were analyzed using t-test. Results: In this study, in MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells, the relative level of Snail1 gene expression was significantly decreased in the effective time of 48 hours and when exposed to the effective dose of 60 pmol (P < 0.0001). However, the knockdown of Snail1 gene by specific siRNA in MDA-MB-468 cancer cells when exposed to an effective dose of 60 pmol and an effective time of 48 hours caused an increase in the relative expression level of miR-143 gene compared to the control group (P < 0.0001). Also, the growth rate of MDA-MB-468 cancer cells decreased with Snail1 gene knockdown. Conclusion: The results of this research showed that the transfection of MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells by specific siRNA can
{"title":"Evaluation of siRNA Effects on Expression Levels of snail and miR143 in Metastatic Breast Cancer Cells","authors":"M. Sattarivand, R. Mohammadzadeh","doi":"10.52547/jct.13.2.151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/jct.13.2.151","url":null,"abstract":"Snail1, siRNA, miR-143, Breast cancer Aim: In the past decades, many efforts have been made with the aim of searching for new tools to treat cancer. In this regard, the discovery, investigation and application of techniques related to small interfering RNAs (siRNA) has been one of the most significant advances in the field of cancer detection and treatment. Small interfering RNA, sometimes known as short interfering RNA or silencing RNA, is usually 21 bp long and interferes with the expression of specific genes with complementary nucleotide sequences and prevents translation by degrading mRNA after transcription. Many studies have shown that siRNAs affect the regulation of the expression of some genes that play a role in cancers. siRNAs are effective on Snail transcription factors, which play an important role in the invasion and metastasis of cancer cells, and miR-143, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cancers. miRNAs together with transcription factors can disrupt the biological pathways involved in carcinogenesis. However, the exact effect of siRNA on the expression of snail1 and miRNA-143 genes in breast cancer cells is not completely clear. Based on this, the present study investigated the effects of siRNA on snail1 and miRNA-143 on breast cancer cells.Material and Methods were purchased from Pasteur Institute of Iran. The cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium containing 10% FBS. Snail1 gene kit (Santacruz biotechnology, California, USA) was used to treat cancer cells with specific siRNA. The cells were divided into two groups: control (no treatment) and treated cells (transfected with siRNA). In order to determine the effective time, the cells were exposed to a dose of 60 Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting from Functionally Graded Beams Using Modified Shear Deformation Theories 2 Mechanics of Advanced and Smart Materials Journal 1(2) (2022) 151 – 166 picomoles of siRNA for 24, 48 and 72 hours. Beta actin gene was used as internal control gene. Morphology of MDA-MB-468 metastatic cells were examined using light microscopy before and after specific gene transfection. Cell proliferation was checked by trypan blue staining. Snail1 and miR-143 gene expression levels were evaluated by qRT-PCR. Data were analyzed using t-test. Results: In this study, in MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells, the relative level of Snail1 gene expression was significantly decreased in the effective time of 48 hours and when exposed to the effective dose of 60 pmol (P < 0.0001). However, the knockdown of Snail1 gene by specific siRNA in MDA-MB-468 cancer cells when exposed to an effective dose of 60 pmol and an effective time of 48 hours caused an increase in the relative expression level of miR-143 gene compared to the control group (P < 0.0001). Also, the growth rate of MDA-MB-468 cancer cells decreased with Snail1 gene knockdown. Conclusion: The results of this research showed that the transfection of MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells by specific siRNA can","PeriodicalId":17049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Stem Cell Research and Tissue Engineering","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72920717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Breast cancer, Threedimensional cell culture, Drug response, Molecular phenotype Aim: The three-dimensional (3D) culture of cancer cells is a method that provides the possibility for growth and comprehensive communication of cells in a 3D space, leading to the generation of tumorspheres. In recent years, developing tumor models from cancer cells by using the 3D cell culture method has attracted a lot of attention because it has been introduced as an accurate and reliable strategy for studying cancer stem cells (CSCs) and CSC-based therapeutics. The 3D tumor models in comparison to the monolayer culture (two-dimensional (2D) culture) of cells more resemble in vivo conditions. Because in tumor models, the tumor microenvironment, cell to cell and cell to extracellular matrix interactions and hypoxia condition, which is necessary for the survival of CSCs, are well reproduced. Through the use of several types of cells, including cancer and stromal cells, tumor models have the ability to develop and reflect the complexity of the tissue of interest, which in such a case, are even more accurate models in reflecting the biochemical and physical conditions of the body. Therefore, in the present study, the 3D model of breast cancer has been constructed with the aim of investigating the relationship between the cell behavior and the cell culture conditions (2D and 3D), and a comparative study of the growth and drug response of the two human breast cancer cell lines; MCF-7, and MDA-MB-231. Material and Methods: The two breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7, and MDA-MB-231, were cultured in 2D and 3D (in two modes; on top and embedded) on the Matrigel-based scaffold. The molecular phenotype of cells based on surface Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting from Functionally Graded Beams Using Modified Shear Deformation Theories 122 Mechanics of Advanced and Smart Materials Journal 1(2) (2022) 121– 134 markers was examined by flow cytometry. Mammosphere growth was followed in 12 days and their growth kinetics was determined. To evaluate the drug response of cells, two anticancer drugs; actinomycin D and paclitaxel were applied. Primarily, the IC50 values of the two drugs were evaluated, then the generated mammospheres were treated at the indicated dose of the drugs, and their effect on the growth of the mammospheres was followed. Results: The MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines cultured in 2 and 3D, showed a significant difference in their molecular phenotypes. So, it seems that the expression of CD44 has significantly decreased. On the other hand, the growth rate of cells in two different modes of 3D culture; on to and embedded, is different. Likely, the drug response evaluation shows a significant difference in 2D and 3D culture, so that the inhibitory effect of paclitaxel compared to actinomycin D has decreased in 3D culture. In addition, the results show that MCF-7 and MDA-MB231 have different drug responses, which can be affected by their different molecular phenotypes. Conc
{"title":"The comparative study of growth and drug response of MCF-7 and MDA-MB231 human breast cancer cells in two- and three-dimensional culture","authors":"E. Sefidgar, Shiva Akbari-Birgani","doi":"10.52547/jct.13.2.121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/jct.13.2.121","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer, Threedimensional cell culture, Drug response, Molecular phenotype Aim: The three-dimensional (3D) culture of cancer cells is a method that provides the possibility for growth and comprehensive communication of cells in a 3D space, leading to the generation of tumorspheres. In recent years, developing tumor models from cancer cells by using the 3D cell culture method has attracted a lot of attention because it has been introduced as an accurate and reliable strategy for studying cancer stem cells (CSCs) and CSC-based therapeutics. The 3D tumor models in comparison to the monolayer culture (two-dimensional (2D) culture) of cells more resemble in vivo conditions. Because in tumor models, the tumor microenvironment, cell to cell and cell to extracellular matrix interactions and hypoxia condition, which is necessary for the survival of CSCs, are well reproduced. Through the use of several types of cells, including cancer and stromal cells, tumor models have the ability to develop and reflect the complexity of the tissue of interest, which in such a case, are even more accurate models in reflecting the biochemical and physical conditions of the body. Therefore, in the present study, the 3D model of breast cancer has been constructed with the aim of investigating the relationship between the cell behavior and the cell culture conditions (2D and 3D), and a comparative study of the growth and drug response of the two human breast cancer cell lines; MCF-7, and MDA-MB-231. Material and Methods: The two breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7, and MDA-MB-231, were cultured in 2D and 3D (in two modes; on top and embedded) on the Matrigel-based scaffold. The molecular phenotype of cells based on surface Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting from Functionally Graded Beams Using Modified Shear Deformation Theories 122 Mechanics of Advanced and Smart Materials Journal 1(2) (2022) 121– 134 markers was examined by flow cytometry. Mammosphere growth was followed in 12 days and their growth kinetics was determined. To evaluate the drug response of cells, two anticancer drugs; actinomycin D and paclitaxel were applied. Primarily, the IC50 values of the two drugs were evaluated, then the generated mammospheres were treated at the indicated dose of the drugs, and their effect on the growth of the mammospheres was followed. Results: The MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines cultured in 2 and 3D, showed a significant difference in their molecular phenotypes. So, it seems that the expression of CD44 has significantly decreased. On the other hand, the growth rate of cells in two different modes of 3D culture; on to and embedded, is different. Likely, the drug response evaluation shows a significant difference in 2D and 3D culture, so that the inhibitory effect of paclitaxel compared to actinomycin D has decreased in 3D culture. In addition, the results show that MCF-7 and MDA-MB231 have different drug responses, which can be affected by their different molecular phenotypes. Conc","PeriodicalId":17049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Stem Cell Research and Tissue Engineering","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83093960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Morovati, T. Mohammadi, M. Pooyanmehr, L. Soltani
Mesenchymal stem cells, differentiatio n, osteogenic, silymarin, ALP. Aim: Cell therapy using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be a promising tool in regenerative medicine. One of the richest sources of mesenchymal stem cells is fetal bone marrow. Silymarin has strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities with a positive effect on the proliferation of some cells as well as antiosteoporosis properties. This study aimed to show the effect of silymarin on the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells derived from the bone marrow of sheep embryos into the osteogenic line. Materials and Methods: Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from the bone marrow of sheep embryos. MTT test was performed to investigate the cytotoxicity of silymarin on cells at different concentrations for 24 and 72 hours. Then, cells in one of 8 groups 1: negative control; 2: treated with 10 μmol/liter silymarin in the usual environment, 3: treated with 20 μmol/liter silymarin in the usual environment, 4: treated with 100 μmol/liter estradiol in the usual environment, 5: positive control, 6: treatment treated with 10 μmol/liter silymarin in the differentiation medium, 7: treated with 20 μmol/liter silymarin in the differentiation medium, 8: treated with 100 μmol/liter in the differentiation medium, were cultured for 21 days. To determine the osteogenic differentiation of cells, the deposition of hydroxyapatite ions was examined using alizarin staining, and also, the amount of ALP enzyme secretion was also measured in the studied groups. Results: Comparing the average optical absorption of cells at different concentrations between 24 and 72 hours after treatment showed that the average optical absorption of cells at zero concentration of silymarin after 72 hours of treatment decreased in Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting from Functionally Graded Beams Using Modified Shear Deformation Theories 2 Mechanics of Advanced and Smart Materials Journal 1(2) (2022) 135 – 150 comparison with those treated for 24 hours (P<0.05), but no significant difference was observed in other concentrations (P>0.05). Examining the level of ALP enzyme secretion, 21 days after treatment with silymarin in the studied groups showed that the highest level of enzyme secretion was in group 8 (P≤0.05). The lowest amount of enzyme secretion was observed in group 1 (negative control) and then in group 2 and group 3 respectively (P<0.05). No significant difference was observed between groups 4, 5, and 6 (P>0.05). Based on the alizarin red staining results, calcium ions deposition was observed in all the groups related to the differentiation medium, which increased in groups 8, 7, 6, and 5, respectively. In the groups cultured in the usual environment, there was no calcification in group 1 and the amount of calcification increased in groups 2, 3, and 4, respectively. In total, the amount of calcification in the differentiation environment groups was higher in comparison with the usual environment. Conclusion: D
{"title":"Silymarin Effects on Ovine Fetal Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Differentiation into Osteogenic Lineage","authors":"I. Morovati, T. Mohammadi, M. Pooyanmehr, L. Soltani","doi":"10.52547/jct.13.2.135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/jct.13.2.135","url":null,"abstract":"Mesenchymal stem cells, differentiatio n, osteogenic, silymarin, ALP. Aim: Cell therapy using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be a promising tool in regenerative medicine. One of the richest sources of mesenchymal stem cells is fetal bone marrow. Silymarin has strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities with a positive effect on the proliferation of some cells as well as antiosteoporosis properties. This study aimed to show the effect of silymarin on the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells derived from the bone marrow of sheep embryos into the osteogenic line. Materials and Methods: Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from the bone marrow of sheep embryos. MTT test was performed to investigate the cytotoxicity of silymarin on cells at different concentrations for 24 and 72 hours. Then, cells in one of 8 groups 1: negative control; 2: treated with 10 μmol/liter silymarin in the usual environment, 3: treated with 20 μmol/liter silymarin in the usual environment, 4: treated with 100 μmol/liter estradiol in the usual environment, 5: positive control, 6: treatment treated with 10 μmol/liter silymarin in the differentiation medium, 7: treated with 20 μmol/liter silymarin in the differentiation medium, 8: treated with 100 μmol/liter in the differentiation medium, were cultured for 21 days. To determine the osteogenic differentiation of cells, the deposition of hydroxyapatite ions was examined using alizarin staining, and also, the amount of ALP enzyme secretion was also measured in the studied groups. Results: Comparing the average optical absorption of cells at different concentrations between 24 and 72 hours after treatment showed that the average optical absorption of cells at zero concentration of silymarin after 72 hours of treatment decreased in Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting from Functionally Graded Beams Using Modified Shear Deformation Theories 2 Mechanics of Advanced and Smart Materials Journal 1(2) (2022) 135 – 150 comparison with those treated for 24 hours (P<0.05), but no significant difference was observed in other concentrations (P>0.05). Examining the level of ALP enzyme secretion, 21 days after treatment with silymarin in the studied groups showed that the highest level of enzyme secretion was in group 8 (P≤0.05). The lowest amount of enzyme secretion was observed in group 1 (negative control) and then in group 2 and group 3 respectively (P<0.05). No significant difference was observed between groups 4, 5, and 6 (P>0.05). Based on the alizarin red staining results, calcium ions deposition was observed in all the groups related to the differentiation medium, which increased in groups 8, 7, 6, and 5, respectively. In the groups cultured in the usual environment, there was no calcification in group 1 and the amount of calcification increased in groups 2, 3, and 4, respectively. In total, the amount of calcification in the differentiation environment groups was higher in comparison with the usual environment. Conclusion: D","PeriodicalId":17049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Stem Cell Research and Tissue Engineering","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76886117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mesenchymal stem cells, Berberis, integrrima, Osteoblast, Differentiatio n. Aim: In recent years using of Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) in regenerative medicine, tissue engineering and gene therapy is highly regarded. Convenient access, ability to expand and MSC differentiation capacity along with the ability of adhesion to plastic surfaces and in-vitro growth and development are considered as the characteristic feature of these cells. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells possess the ability to differentiate into mesodermal lineage, among other adult cells, can be used in tissue engineering and are good candidates for transplantation. Lovastatin as a lowering cholesterol agent and reducing inflammation, as well as antioxidant and, in particular, neuroprotective effects can be effective in the treatment of neurogenic diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of lovastatin on survival, proliferation and expression of GDNF and oct4 genes of Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Lovastatin is presumed to exert their neuroprotective effects by inducing neurotrophic factor gene expression and cell proliferation. Material and methods: In this experimental study, we used 4-6 week adult Wistar rats. The BMSCs were isolated from rat femurs and tibias and cultured in α-MEM. The cell pellet was resuspended in α-MEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 1% penicillin and streptomycin and cultured in 25-cm2 culture flasks at a density of 2 × 104 cells and incubated at 37°C and 5% CO2. For lovastatin treatment, we exposed MSCs to 1 μM, 5 μm, 10 μm and 15 μm of lovastatin for 24 h. The survival rate of cells was measured by MTT assay. The growth rate and proliferation of cells at 24 hours after culture were assessed by staining with DAPI. The expression of Oct4 and GDNF factors was also evaluated by RT-PCR. Results: MSCs were attached to culture plate and were quickly proliferated. In the culture plate, these cells were usually appeared in three forms: small spherical, fusiform and fibroblast-like and Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting from Functionally Graded Beams Using Modified Shear Deformation Theories 2 Mechanics of Advanced and Smart Materials Journal 1(2) (2022) 107 – 120 flattened. The results of this study indicate that the proliferation rate at 5, 10 and 15 μM lovastatin showed a significant increase compared to control groups (P<0.5). Gene expression density of gelial derived neurotrophic factors (GDNF) and oct4 genes showed that, there were significant differences between MSCs treatment groups and control group (P<0.5). Cell viability and proliferation rate indicate that experimental groups has a higher proliferation rate than control group. Moreover, results showed an increase in mRNA expression for GDNF and Oct4 compared to the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion:Therefore, lovastatin can be used to improve the culture of mesenchymal stem cells, which is used for transplantation and cell therapy. BMSCs may be a usef
{"title":"The effect of lovastatin on cell proliferation and neurotrophic factor expression of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro","authors":"bageri A, MT Ghorbanian, A. Kosha","doi":"10.52547/jct.13.2.107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/jct.13.2.107","url":null,"abstract":"Mesenchymal stem cells, Berberis, integrrima, Osteoblast, Differentiatio n. Aim: In recent years using of Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) in regenerative medicine, tissue engineering and gene therapy is highly regarded. Convenient access, ability to expand and MSC differentiation capacity along with the ability of adhesion to plastic surfaces and in-vitro growth and development are considered as the characteristic feature of these cells. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells possess the ability to differentiate into mesodermal lineage, among other adult cells, can be used in tissue engineering and are good candidates for transplantation. Lovastatin as a lowering cholesterol agent and reducing inflammation, as well as antioxidant and, in particular, neuroprotective effects can be effective in the treatment of neurogenic diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of lovastatin on survival, proliferation and expression of GDNF and oct4 genes of Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Lovastatin is presumed to exert their neuroprotective effects by inducing neurotrophic factor gene expression and cell proliferation. Material and methods: In this experimental study, we used 4-6 week adult Wistar rats. The BMSCs were isolated from rat femurs and tibias and cultured in α-MEM. The cell pellet was resuspended in α-MEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 1% penicillin and streptomycin and cultured in 25-cm2 culture flasks at a density of 2 × 104 cells and incubated at 37°C and 5% CO2. For lovastatin treatment, we exposed MSCs to 1 μM, 5 μm, 10 μm and 15 μm of lovastatin for 24 h. The survival rate of cells was measured by MTT assay. The growth rate and proliferation of cells at 24 hours after culture were assessed by staining with DAPI. The expression of Oct4 and GDNF factors was also evaluated by RT-PCR. Results: MSCs were attached to culture plate and were quickly proliferated. In the culture plate, these cells were usually appeared in three forms: small spherical, fusiform and fibroblast-like and Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting from Functionally Graded Beams Using Modified Shear Deformation Theories 2 Mechanics of Advanced and Smart Materials Journal 1(2) (2022) 107 – 120 flattened. The results of this study indicate that the proliferation rate at 5, 10 and 15 μM lovastatin showed a significant increase compared to control groups (P<0.5). Gene expression density of gelial derived neurotrophic factors (GDNF) and oct4 genes showed that, there were significant differences between MSCs treatment groups and control group (P<0.5). Cell viability and proliferation rate indicate that experimental groups has a higher proliferation rate than control group. Moreover, results showed an increase in mRNA expression for GDNF and Oct4 compared to the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion:Therefore, lovastatin can be used to improve the culture of mesenchymal stem cells, which is used for transplantation and cell therapy. BMSCs may be a usef","PeriodicalId":17049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Stem Cell Research and Tissue Engineering","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89936064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Apoptosis, Cytotoxicity, DNA synthesis, Medicinal plants, Plant extract. Aim: Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and its treatment is always associated with side effects such as drug resistance. So, there is a strong tendency for the identification of new herbal anti-cancer compounds. Material and Methods: In this study, a range of 0.5-12 μg/mL of hydroalcoholic extract of Tamarindus indica kernel and 5-Fluorouracil was applied to prostate cancer (LNCaP), colon cancer (HT-29) and normal fibroblast (HSkMC) cells for 24 hours. The cytotoxic effect of the extracts was measured by the MTT method. The rate of DNA synthesis and incidence of apoptosis was measured by BrdU and TUNEL assays, respectively. Results: Following treatment with the highest amount of the extract, the viability of prostate, colon, and fibroblast cells was reduced to 4.8, 65.1, and 60.5%, respectively. The IC50 for the three cell lines was 4.60, 17.0 and 13.79 μg/mL respectively. The rate of DNA synthesis also reduced by 32, 37 and 15% for prostate, colon and fibroblast cancer cells, respectively. The rate of apoptosis in LNCaP and HT-29 cells was 31 and 4%, respectively. Conclusion: Collectively, the toxicity of the extract was higher for LNCaP cells than for the other two cells (p-value ˂0.01). Further studies in vivo and analysis of compounds in tamarind can lead to the identification of anti-cancer compounds
{"title":"A study on the effect of Tamarindus indica kernel extracts on viability, proliferation, and induction of apoptosis in human prostate cancer (LNCaP), colon cancer (HT-29), and fibroblast cell lines","authors":"M. Pourali, MM Yaghoobi","doi":"10.52547/jct.13.1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/jct.13.1.11","url":null,"abstract":"Apoptosis, Cytotoxicity, DNA synthesis, Medicinal plants, Plant extract. Aim: Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and its treatment is always associated with side effects such as drug resistance. So, there is a strong tendency for the identification of new herbal anti-cancer compounds. Material and Methods: In this study, a range of 0.5-12 μg/mL of hydroalcoholic extract of Tamarindus indica kernel and 5-Fluorouracil was applied to prostate cancer (LNCaP), colon cancer (HT-29) and normal fibroblast (HSkMC) cells for 24 hours. The cytotoxic effect of the extracts was measured by the MTT method. The rate of DNA synthesis and incidence of apoptosis was measured by BrdU and TUNEL assays, respectively. Results: Following treatment with the highest amount of the extract, the viability of prostate, colon, and fibroblast cells was reduced to 4.8, 65.1, and 60.5%, respectively. The IC50 for the three cell lines was 4.60, 17.0 and 13.79 μg/mL respectively. The rate of DNA synthesis also reduced by 32, 37 and 15% for prostate, colon and fibroblast cancer cells, respectively. The rate of apoptosis in LNCaP and HT-29 cells was 31 and 4%, respectively. Conclusion: Collectively, the toxicity of the extract was higher for LNCaP cells than for the other two cells (p-value ˂0.01). Further studies in vivo and analysis of compounds in tamarind can lead to the identification of anti-cancer compounds","PeriodicalId":17049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Stem Cell Research and Tissue Engineering","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83892374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
3-(tetrazole-5-yL) coumarin, Single-stranded DNA, Fluorescence spectroscopy, Circular dichroism spectroscopy Aim: According to the importance of coumarin derivatives as an effective medication on cancer cells and various other therapeutic effects, in this study we investigated the effect of a new derivative of coumarin named 3(tetrazol5-yl) coumarin on single-stranded DNA by different spectroscopic methods in solution. Material and Methods: The present study has investigated the effect of 3(tetrazol-5-il) coumarin on single-stranded DNA in vitro. The findings demonstrates that the rate of single strand DNA absorption enhances by interaction with 3-(tetrazol-5-yl) coumarin at 210 and 260 nm. The fluorescence intensity of single-stranded DNA increases in a concentrationdependent of 3(tetrazol-5-yl) coumarin, indicating the binding of 3(tetrazol5-yl) coumarin to the chromophores in single-stranded DNA. Results: Binding of 3(tetrazol-5-yl) coumarin to single-stranded DNA causes a significant increase in ellipticity in circular dichroism of DNA molecules in the regions of 220 and 275 nm which is more positive at 245 nm. The results indicate a stronger binding of 3(tetrazol-5-l) coumarin to single-stranded DNA, which may be due to the fact that single-stranded DNA may be more available during replication. Conclusion: The results obtained from the effect of 3(tetrazol-5-yl) coumarin on single-stranded DNA can provide valuable information to design medications by coumarin derivatives which have more anti-tumor effect and less side effects. هرود ،تفاب و لولس 13 هرامش ، 1 لاس ، 1401 تاحفص ، 23 ات 33
{"title":"Evaluation of binding affinity of synthesized coumarin derivative on single-stranded DNA by spectroscopic methods","authors":"J. Sargolzaei, S. Khaghaninejad","doi":"10.52547/jct.13.1.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/jct.13.1.23","url":null,"abstract":"3-(tetrazole-5-yL) coumarin, Single-stranded DNA, Fluorescence spectroscopy, Circular dichroism spectroscopy Aim: According to the importance of coumarin derivatives as an effective medication on cancer cells and various other therapeutic effects, in this study we investigated the effect of a new derivative of coumarin named 3(tetrazol5-yl) coumarin on single-stranded DNA by different spectroscopic methods in solution. Material and Methods: The present study has investigated the effect of 3(tetrazol-5-il) coumarin on single-stranded DNA in vitro. The findings demonstrates that the rate of single strand DNA absorption enhances by interaction with 3-(tetrazol-5-yl) coumarin at 210 and 260 nm. The fluorescence intensity of single-stranded DNA increases in a concentrationdependent of 3(tetrazol-5-yl) coumarin, indicating the binding of 3(tetrazol5-yl) coumarin to the chromophores in single-stranded DNA. Results: Binding of 3(tetrazol-5-yl) coumarin to single-stranded DNA causes a significant increase in ellipticity in circular dichroism of DNA molecules in the regions of 220 and 275 nm which is more positive at 245 nm. The results indicate a stronger binding of 3(tetrazol-5-l) coumarin to single-stranded DNA, which may be due to the fact that single-stranded DNA may be more available during replication. Conclusion: The results obtained from the effect of 3(tetrazol-5-yl) coumarin on single-stranded DNA can provide valuable information to design medications by coumarin derivatives which have more anti-tumor effect and less side effects. هرود ،تفاب و لولس 13 هرامش ، 1 لاس ، 1401 تاحفص ، 23 ات 33","PeriodicalId":17049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Stem Cell Research and Tissue Engineering","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80317785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cervical cancer, Nitric oxide synthase, Tumor cell Hela, Topotecan Aim: The aim of this study was the effect of topotecan on the activity of nitric oxide synthase in the tumor cell line Hela in comparison with the normal Hek cell line. Material and Methods: For this purpose, Hela and Hek cells were randomly divided into the control groups and treatment groups exposed to 7.8, 15.6,31.25, 62.5,125, and 250 μg/ml of topotecan for 24,48,72 hr. Then, the data analysis of plate supernatant was evaluated the number of live cells using the MTT method, grease reaction as well as Real-Time PCR method and the data were compared using the one-way ANOVA statistical method between groups. Results: The viability of Hela cells exposed to 250, 125, and 61.5 μg/ml of topotecan significantly decreased in comparison to the control group in 24, 48, and 72 h (p≤0.05). Also, the level of nitric oxide in Hela cells that were exposed to 250 μg/ml drug increased 1⁄2 times in comparison to the control group. Conclusion: Topotecan has an inhibitory effect on cervical cancer cells. Also, topotecan increased the level of nitric oxide in Hela cells and this amount of nitric oxide kills the cells in cervical cancer cells. هرود ،تفاب و لولس 13 هرامش ، 1 لاس ، 1401 تاحفص ، 1 ات 11
{"title":"Comparison of the effect of topotecan on the activity of nitric oxide synthase in the tumor cell line Hela and normal Hek cell line","authors":"S. Azampour, T. Naji, R. Ahmadi","doi":"10.52547/jct.13.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/jct.13.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Cervical cancer, Nitric oxide synthase, Tumor cell Hela, Topotecan Aim: The aim of this study was the effect of topotecan on the activity of nitric oxide synthase in the tumor cell line Hela in comparison with the normal Hek cell line. Material and Methods: For this purpose, Hela and Hek cells were randomly divided into the control groups and treatment groups exposed to 7.8, 15.6,31.25, 62.5,125, and 250 μg/ml of topotecan for 24,48,72 hr. Then, the data analysis of plate supernatant was evaluated the number of live cells using the MTT method, grease reaction as well as Real-Time PCR method and the data were compared using the one-way ANOVA statistical method between groups. Results: The viability of Hela cells exposed to 250, 125, and 61.5 μg/ml of topotecan significantly decreased in comparison to the control group in 24, 48, and 72 h (p≤0.05). Also, the level of nitric oxide in Hela cells that were exposed to 250 μg/ml drug increased 1⁄2 times in comparison to the control group. Conclusion: Topotecan has an inhibitory effect on cervical cancer cells. Also, topotecan increased the level of nitric oxide in Hela cells and this amount of nitric oxide kills the cells in cervical cancer cells. هرود ،تفاب و لولس 13 هرامش ، 1 لاس ، 1401 تاحفص ، 1 ات 11","PeriodicalId":17049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Stem Cell Research and Tissue Engineering","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84443060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The assesment of morphological changes of ovary and fallopian tube after aplication of Antiprogesterone and Esterogen in the hyperstimulated mice","authors":"A. Hasanpur, F. Afshari, E. Issabeagloo","doi":"10.52547/jct.13.1.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/jct.13.1.45","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Stem Cell Research and Tissue Engineering","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81800138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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