Organizational design scholars observe that advances in information technology are helping blur the boundaries between a firm’s internal and external activities. Yet despite the central role of information processing in managing the coordination of activities within the firm, we know little about the firm’s ability to process information beyond its boundaries. We provide a framework for understanding the coordination of activities beyond the firm’s boundaries in terms of micro-structural solutions to information provision. Our core insight is that organizational design can be modeled at the level of data. The firm’s ‘data model’ shapes processes of data integration using artificial intelligence, enabling agents to frame and find their problem contexts and self-organize activities. We contribute to the organizational design and strategy literatures by showing how coordination beyond boundaries has major, yet neglected, micro-structural effects on how firms organize. We discuss research implications for managerial capabilities, corporate strategy amid digitalization, and models of strategic representations.
{"title":"Data Models as Organizational Design: Coordinating beyond Boundaries Using Artificial Intelligence","authors":"T. Steinberger, M. Wiersema","doi":"10.1561/111.00000019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1561/111.00000019","url":null,"abstract":"Organizational design scholars observe that advances in information technology are helping blur the boundaries between a firm’s internal and external activities. Yet despite the central role of information processing in managing the coordination of activities within the firm, we know little about the firm’s ability to process information beyond its boundaries. We provide a framework for understanding the coordination of activities beyond the firm’s boundaries in terms of micro-structural solutions to information provision. Our core insight is that organizational design can be modeled at the level of data. The firm’s ‘data model’ shapes processes of data integration using artificial intelligence, enabling agents to frame and find their problem contexts and self-organize activities. We contribute to the organizational design and strategy literatures by showing how coordination beyond boundaries has major, yet neglected, micro-structural effects on how firms organize. We discuss research implications for managerial capabilities, corporate strategy amid digitalization, and models of strategic representations.","PeriodicalId":17054,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Software Maintenance and Evolution: Research and Practice","volume":"1 1","pages":"119-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90139531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.15358/2511-8676-2021-2-71
M. Büttgen
As blockchain technology is maturing to be confidently used in practice, its applications are becoming evident and, correspondingly, more blockchain research is being published, also extending to more domains than before. To date, scientific research in the field has predominantly focused on subject areas such as finance, computer science, and engineering, while the area of service management has largely neglected this topic. Therefore, we invited a group of renowned scholars from different academic fields to share their views on emerging topics regarding blockchain in service management and service research. Their individual commentaries and conceptual contributions refer to different theoretical and domain perspectives, including managerial implications for service companies as well as forward-looking suggestions for further research.
{"title":"Blockchain in Service Management and Service Research - Developing a Research Agenda and Managerial Implications","authors":"M. Büttgen","doi":"10.15358/2511-8676-2021-2-71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15358/2511-8676-2021-2-71","url":null,"abstract":"As blockchain technology is maturing to be confidently used in practice, its applications are becoming evident and, correspondingly, more blockchain research is being published, also extending to more domains than before. To date, scientific research in the field has predominantly focused on subject areas such as finance, computer science, and engineering, while the area of service management has largely neglected this topic. Therefore, we invited a group of renowned scholars from different academic fields to share their views on emerging topics regarding blockchain in service management and service research. Their individual commentaries and conceptual contributions refer to different theoretical and domain perspectives, including managerial implications for service companies as well as forward-looking suggestions for further research.","PeriodicalId":17054,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Software Maintenance and Evolution: Research and Practice","volume":"195 1","pages":"71-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77866883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.20333/2500136-2021-1-96-103
E. Ahmedova, A. Senchenko, T. Taranushenko
The aim of the research is to analyze indicators and structure of infant mortality in Krasnoyarsk Territory for the period from 2014 to 2018. Material and methods. Th e article studies indicators of population mortality and fertility, infant mortality in Krasnoyarsk Territory for fi ve-year period from 2014 to 2018. Th e analysis of the results obtained is carried out in comparison with other constituent entities of the Russian Federation and with the country in general. Newborns morbidity rates in Krasnoyarsk Territory over a five-year period were studied in comparison with the data for the Russian Federation during 2017 and 2018. Results. The study revealed the excess of mortality over births in the region by 2018, with the coeffi cient 0.7 for 1000 population. It was found that in the period from 2014 to 2018 there is a decrease in infant mortality rate in the Russian Federation by 31.1 %; by 21.8 % in the Siberian Federal District; by 33.7 % (from 8.8 to 5.5 for 1000 alive births) in Krasnoyarsk Territory. The main causes of infant mortality in the territory are: conditions occurring in perinatal period, external causes and congenital anomalies (malformations). Decrease of infant mortality in the territory is primarily determined by the decrease in the number of deaths among children under 1 year of age due to the above-mentioned causes. Despite the annual decrease in infant mortality rate, on average, every third death occurs in the first 28 days of a child’s life. When studying the morbidity of newborns, one can mark a steady decline of the indicator both in the Russian Federation and in Krasnoyarsk Territory. At the same time, every year more than 80 % of absolute number of sick newborns falls on full-term babies. Conclusion. Th e results obtained during the study indicate a decrease in infant mortality rate over the study period. Th e study of indicators of infant mortality and morbidity in newborn children is fundamental in the fi eld of maternal and child health. Pediatricians need to pay special attention when examining newborns and children of the first year of life; they should timely identify pathological conditions and diseases, which will help reduce the risk of complications, chronic diseases, and, deaths.
{"title":"Main indicators in the assessment of child health in the fi rst year of life in Krasnoyarsk Territory","authors":"E. Ahmedova, A. Senchenko, T. Taranushenko","doi":"10.20333/2500136-2021-1-96-103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20333/2500136-2021-1-96-103","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the research is to analyze indicators and structure of infant mortality in Krasnoyarsk Territory for the period from 2014 to 2018. Material and methods. Th e article studies indicators of population mortality and fertility, infant mortality in Krasnoyarsk Territory for fi ve-year period from 2014 to 2018. Th e analysis of the results obtained is carried out in comparison with other constituent entities of the Russian Federation and with the country in general. Newborns morbidity rates in Krasnoyarsk Territory over a five-year period were studied in comparison with the data for the Russian Federation during 2017 and 2018. Results. The study revealed the excess of mortality over births in the region by 2018, with the coeffi cient 0.7 for 1000 population. It was found that in the period from 2014 to 2018 there is a decrease in infant mortality rate in the Russian Federation by 31.1 %; by 21.8 % in the Siberian Federal District; by 33.7 % (from 8.8 to 5.5 for 1000 alive births) in Krasnoyarsk Territory. The main causes of infant mortality in the territory are: conditions occurring in perinatal period, external causes and congenital anomalies (malformations). Decrease of infant mortality in the territory is primarily determined by the decrease in the number of deaths among children under 1 year of age due to the above-mentioned causes. Despite the annual decrease in infant mortality rate, on average, every third death occurs in the first 28 days of a child’s life. When studying the morbidity of newborns, one can mark a steady decline of the indicator both in the Russian Federation and in Krasnoyarsk Territory. At the same time, every year more than 80 % of absolute number of sick newborns falls on full-term babies. Conclusion. Th e results obtained during the study indicate a decrease in infant mortality rate over the study period. Th e study of indicators of infant mortality and morbidity in newborn children is fundamental in the fi eld of maternal and child health. Pediatricians need to pay special attention when examining newborns and children of the first year of life; they should timely identify pathological conditions and diseases, which will help reduce the risk of complications, chronic diseases, and, deaths.","PeriodicalId":17054,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Software Maintenance and Evolution: Research and Practice","volume":"14 1","pages":"96-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87678894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.20333/2500136-2021-1-68-72
N. M. Hovalyg, O. V. Remneva, O. V. Kolyado
The aim of the research is to assess the epidemiology of premature birth and measures for organizing medical evacuation of patients from agricultural regions in vast territory of the Tyva Republic and Altay Territory for the period 2015-2019. Material and methods. Th e statistical reports data on the work of obstetric service in the Tyva Republic and Altay Territory for the period 2015-2019 are analyzed. Th e frequency, structure, dynamics of premature birth, features of organizing medical evacuation have been studied. Th e analysis of the information received was carried out using absolute, relative and intensive fi gures. Th e statistical signifi cance of the temporal dynamics of data was assessed using regression analysis with calculation of determination coefficient. Results. The analysis showed that premature birth frequency in two agricultural regions with a vast territory and diff erent nationalities in the Tyva Republic and Altay Territory over the past 5 years has no tendency to decrease (2019 – 6.2 % and 7.1 %, respectively) and the data are comparable with an average Russian indicator (2018 - 6.0 %). Distribution of PB by clinical phenotype and gestational age in the studied territories does not diff er and correspond to global indicators. Th e share of very early premature births (22-27 weeks of gestation) is not more than 7 %. A distinctive feature of Altai Territory in comparison with the Tyva Republic is a rarer (p <0.001) obstetric delivery of patients with PB in obstetric hospitals, level III (63.3 % and 96.8 %, respectively), which is associated with high frequency of late PB (53.1 %) and suffi cient capacity of medical organizations, level II. During medical evacuation in the regions, beta-adrenergic agonist ginipral (95 %) was used for acute tocolysis. Conclusion. Organization of medical evacuation in the Tyva Republic is characterized by more frequent use of air ambulance for patient transportation to obstetric hospital, level III, which is explainable by 7 times lower population density compared to Altay Territory with the same schemes of acute tocolysis.
{"title":"Epidemiology of premature birth and details of medical evacuation in the Tyva Republic and Altai Territory","authors":"N. M. Hovalyg, O. V. Remneva, O. V. Kolyado","doi":"10.20333/2500136-2021-1-68-72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20333/2500136-2021-1-68-72","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the research is to assess the epidemiology of premature birth and measures for organizing medical evacuation of patients from agricultural regions in vast territory of the Tyva Republic and Altay Territory for the period 2015-2019. Material and methods. Th e statistical reports data on the work of obstetric service in the Tyva Republic and Altay Territory for the period 2015-2019 are analyzed. Th e frequency, structure, dynamics of premature birth, features of organizing medical evacuation have been studied. Th e analysis of the information received was carried out using absolute, relative and intensive fi gures. Th e statistical signifi cance of the temporal dynamics of data was assessed using regression analysis with calculation of determination coefficient. Results. The analysis showed that premature birth frequency in two agricultural regions with a vast territory and diff erent nationalities in the Tyva Republic and Altay Territory over the past 5 years has no tendency to decrease (2019 – 6.2 % and 7.1 %, respectively) and the data are comparable with an average Russian indicator (2018 - 6.0 %). Distribution of PB by clinical phenotype and gestational age in the studied territories does not diff er and correspond to global indicators. Th e share of very early premature births (22-27 weeks of gestation) is not more than 7 %. A distinctive feature of Altai Territory in comparison with the Tyva Republic is a rarer (p <0.001) obstetric delivery of patients with PB in obstetric hospitals, level III (63.3 % and 96.8 %, respectively), which is associated with high frequency of late PB (53.1 %) and suffi cient capacity of medical organizations, level II. During medical evacuation in the regions, beta-adrenergic agonist ginipral (95 %) was used for acute tocolysis. Conclusion. Organization of medical evacuation in the Tyva Republic is characterized by more frequent use of air ambulance for patient transportation to obstetric hospital, level III, which is explainable by 7 times lower population density compared to Altay Territory with the same schemes of acute tocolysis.","PeriodicalId":17054,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Software Maintenance and Evolution: Research and Practice","volume":"13 1","pages":"68-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84849037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.20333/2500136-2021-1-58-62
I. Rosenfeld
The aim of the research. The work considers the results of posterior cruraraphy along with hernioplasty, using polypropylene and biocarbon implant in surgical treatment of diaphragmatic hernias of various sizes. Material and methods. Totally 716 patients were divided into 3 study groups, based on the size of esophageal hernia defect: group I (314 people) – with small and medium size of hiatal hernias, who underwent posterior cruraphy; group II (323 patients) – with large hernias: subgroup 1 (92 patients) underwent posterior cruraphy, subgroup 2 (231 patients) – underwent hernioplasty. Subgroup 2 was divided into: subgroup A (89 people) – plastic surgery with polypropylene implant and subgroup B (142 people) – plastic surgery with biocarbon implant. Group III (79 patients) – patients with giant hiatal hernias: subgroup A (29 people) – plastic surgery with polypropylene implant and subgroup B (50 patients) – biocarbon construction. Results. While comparing group Ӏ with group II, subgroup 1 signifi cant diff erences were found in the degrees and types of hernias. Th e age of patients was not statistically important. While comparing subgroup 1 with subgroup 2 of group II, statistically insignifi cant diff erences were revealed in degrees and types of hernias. Th e age of patients was also statistically insignifi cant. While comparing subgroup A with subgroup B of group II, insignifi cant diff erences were revealed in degrees and types of hernias. While comparing subgroup 2, group II with group III, the diff erence turned out to be signifi cant in types and degrees of hernias. While comparing subgroup A with subgroup B, group III, statistically insignifi cant diff erences were revealed in the degrees and types of hiatal hernias. Conclusion. Posterior cruraphy in small and medium diaphragmatic hernias differed in types, degrees and size of hernia defect in comparison to the one in large hernias. Posterior cruraphy with plasty for large hernias did not diff er signifi cantly according to any of the criteria. Plastic surgery by polypropylene implant with biocarbon in case of large hernias did not diff er signifi cantly by any criteria. Plastic surgery for large hernias compared to giant ones, diff ered only in the degree and types, as well as in hernia defect size. Plastic surgery by polypropylene implant with biocarbon in giant hernias did not differ in any criteria, except for gender distribution, which was not signifi cant, that made it possible to compare treatment results in these subgroups more correctly.
{"title":"Back сruroraphy and hernioplasty for diaphragm hernias of various sizes","authors":"I. Rosenfeld","doi":"10.20333/2500136-2021-1-58-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20333/2500136-2021-1-58-62","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the research. The work considers the results of posterior cruraraphy along with hernioplasty, using polypropylene and biocarbon implant in surgical treatment of diaphragmatic hernias of various sizes. Material and methods. Totally 716 patients were divided into 3 study groups, based on the size of esophageal hernia defect: group I (314 people) – with small and medium size of hiatal hernias, who underwent posterior cruraphy; group II (323 patients) – with large hernias: subgroup 1 (92 patients) underwent posterior cruraphy, subgroup 2 (231 patients) – underwent hernioplasty. Subgroup 2 was divided into: subgroup A (89 people) – plastic surgery with polypropylene implant and subgroup B (142 people) – plastic surgery with biocarbon implant. Group III (79 patients) – patients with giant hiatal hernias: subgroup A (29 people) – plastic surgery with polypropylene implant and subgroup B (50 patients) – biocarbon construction. Results. While comparing group Ӏ with group II, subgroup 1 signifi cant diff erences were found in the degrees and types of hernias. Th e age of patients was not statistically important. While comparing subgroup 1 with subgroup 2 of group II, statistically insignifi cant diff erences were revealed in degrees and types of hernias. Th e age of patients was also statistically insignifi cant. While comparing subgroup A with subgroup B of group II, insignifi cant diff erences were revealed in degrees and types of hernias. While comparing subgroup 2, group II with group III, the diff erence turned out to be signifi cant in types and degrees of hernias. While comparing subgroup A with subgroup B, group III, statistically insignifi cant diff erences were revealed in the degrees and types of hiatal hernias. Conclusion. Posterior cruraphy in small and medium diaphragmatic hernias differed in types, degrees and size of hernia defect in comparison to the one in large hernias. Posterior cruraphy with plasty for large hernias did not diff er signifi cantly according to any of the criteria. Plastic surgery by polypropylene implant with biocarbon in case of large hernias did not diff er signifi cantly by any criteria. Plastic surgery for large hernias compared to giant ones, diff ered only in the degree and types, as well as in hernia defect size. Plastic surgery by polypropylene implant with biocarbon in giant hernias did not differ in any criteria, except for gender distribution, which was not signifi cant, that made it possible to compare treatment results in these subgroups more correctly.","PeriodicalId":17054,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Software Maintenance and Evolution: Research and Practice","volume":"51 1","pages":"58-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86829950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.20333/2500136-2021-1-90-95
T. V. Kalinkina, N. Lareva, M. V. Chistyakova, V. K. Stenkina, T. B. Puntsokdashina
The aim of the research is to optimize the assessment of collagen volumetric fraction in patients with stage 1 and 2 hypertensions. Material and methods. In total 39 patients with arterial hypertension took part in the study. Group 1 included patients (n = 13) with stage 1 hypertension, the second group included patients with stage 2 hypertension (n = 26). To verify structural changes in the left ventricle, all subjects underwent comprehensive examination, including history taking, anthropometric data taking, ECG study with the calculation of general QRS (mm) as a total indicator of R wave amplitude in 12 electrocardiographic leads, and echocardiography according to standard technique. Statistical analysis, based on the data obtained, was carried out using SPSS soft ware package. Furthermore, there was comparison of collagen volumetric fraction calculation (СVFC) according to the method of J. Shirani et al. (1992), and by our own formula based on nonlinear regression equation. Results. When calculating СVFC in accordance with the formula of J. Shirani et al. (1992), СVFC values (%) in the 1st group of subjects were 8.48 [5.5; 9.7]; in the 2nd group they were 11.16 [0.5; 1.7], (U = 51.0, p = 0.45). When studying groups СVFC in accordance with the alternative formula, more statistically signifi cant diff erences were observed: СVFC values in the 1st group were 23.5 [21.4; 30.4], in the 2nd group - 29.5 [25.5; 35.7] (U = 105.0, p = 0.049). Conclusion. The developed method for calculating collagen volumetric fraction is more pathogenetically suffi cient. Th is makes it possible to determine this indicator more accurately for identifying a group of patients suffering from stage 1 and 2 hypertension, with a high risk of heart failure development for its wide use in clinical practice to monitor them more frequent and to correct their therapy.
该研究的目的是优化1期和2期高血压患者胶原体积分数的评估。材料和方法。共有39例动脉高血压患者参与了这项研究。第一组纳入1期高血压患者13例，第二组纳入2期高血压患者26例。为验证左心室结构的改变，所有受试者均进行了全面检查，包括病史记录、人体测量资料采集、心电图研究(计算总QRS (mm)作为12条心电图导联R波振幅的总指标)，并按标准技术进行超声心动图检查。根据所得数据，采用SPSS软件包进行统计分析。并比较了J. Shirani et al.(1992)的胶原体积分数计算方法(СVFC)和我们自己基于非线性回归方程的计算公式。结果。根据J. Shirani et al.(1992)的公式计算СVFC时，第一组受试者的СVFC值(%)为8.48 [5.5;9.7);第二组为11.16 [0.5];1.7]， (U = 51.0, p = 0.45)。当按替代公式研究СVFC组时，差异有统计学意义:第一组СVFC = 23.5 [21.4;30.4]，第二组29.5 [25.5];35.7] (U = 105.0, p = 0.049)。结论。所开发的计算胶原体积分数的方法在病理上更充分。这使得更准确地确定这一指标，以识别一组患有1期和2期高血压的患者，这些患者有心力衰竭发展的高风险，在临床实践中广泛使用该指标，以更频繁地监测他们并纠正他们的治疗。
{"title":"Experience of calculating interstitial collagen volumetric fraction in patients with hypertonic disease","authors":"T. V. Kalinkina, N. Lareva, M. V. Chistyakova, V. K. Stenkina, T. B. Puntsokdashina","doi":"10.20333/2500136-2021-1-90-95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20333/2500136-2021-1-90-95","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the research is to optimize the assessment of collagen volumetric fraction in patients with stage 1 and 2 hypertensions. Material and methods. In total 39 patients with arterial hypertension took part in the study. Group 1 included patients (n = 13) with stage 1 hypertension, the second group included patients with stage 2 hypertension (n = 26). To verify structural changes in the left ventricle, all subjects underwent comprehensive examination, including history taking, anthropometric data taking, ECG study with the calculation of general QRS (mm) as a total indicator of R wave amplitude in 12 electrocardiographic leads, and echocardiography according to standard technique. Statistical analysis, based on the data obtained, was carried out using SPSS soft ware package. Furthermore, there was comparison of collagen volumetric fraction calculation (СVFC) according to the method of J. Shirani et al. (1992), and by our own formula based on nonlinear regression equation. Results. When calculating СVFC in accordance with the formula of J. Shirani et al. (1992), СVFC values (%) in the 1st group of subjects were 8.48 [5.5; 9.7]; in the 2nd group they were 11.16 [0.5; 1.7], (U = 51.0, p = 0.45). When studying groups СVFC in accordance with the alternative formula, more statistically signifi cant diff erences were observed: СVFC values in the 1st group were 23.5 [21.4; 30.4], in the 2nd group - 29.5 [25.5; 35.7] (U = 105.0, p = 0.049). Conclusion. The developed method for calculating collagen volumetric fraction is more pathogenetically suffi cient. Th is makes it possible to determine this indicator more accurately for identifying a group of patients suffering from stage 1 and 2 hypertension, with a high risk of heart failure development for its wide use in clinical practice to monitor them more frequent and to correct their therapy.","PeriodicalId":17054,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Software Maintenance and Evolution: Research and Practice","volume":"82 1","pages":"90-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81591219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hopping Tables — An Introduction to the SMR Special Issue on Open Innovation","authors":"J. Bercovitz, H. Chesbrough","doi":"10.1561/111.00000014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1561/111.00000014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17054,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Software Maintenance and Evolution: Research and Practice","volume":"51 1","pages":"207-222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72951990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Open innovation ecosystems rely on cooperation among participating firms, but conflict also arises between participants. Yet, there is limited understanding regarding how interorganizational conflict influences ecosystem dynamics. We discuss a theoretical framework that explains how disagreements that reflect unanticipated changes in the value of contested technologies alter public, club, and private benefits for ecosystem participants and, thereby, shape their incentives to cooperate. We argue that firms are likely to increase cooperation after conflict arises when they are more technologically interdependent and have fewer outside options but otherwise are apt to reduce cooperation. Further, we propose that ecosystem participants can shape the degree of openness and the boundaries of the ecosystem to manage the implications of disagreements. Our arguments align with observations of the dear enemy recognition of cooperation among territorial biological species, which we argue also operates in organizational ecosystems.
{"title":"Dear Enemy: The Dynamics of Conflict and Cooperation in Open Innovation Ecosystems","authors":"G. Vasudeva, A. Leiponen, Stephen L. Jones","doi":"10.1561/111.00000008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1561/111.00000008","url":null,"abstract":"Open innovation ecosystems rely on cooperation among participating firms, but conflict also arises between participants. Yet, there is limited understanding regarding how interorganizational conflict influences ecosystem dynamics. We discuss a theoretical framework that explains how disagreements that reflect unanticipated changes in the value of contested technologies alter public, club, and private benefits for ecosystem participants and, thereby, shape their incentives to cooperate. We argue that firms are likely to increase cooperation after conflict arises when they are more technologically interdependent and have fewer outside options but otherwise are apt to reduce cooperation. Further, we propose that ecosystem participants can shape the degree of openness and the boundaries of the ecosystem to manage the implications of disagreements. Our arguments align with observations of the dear enemy recognition of cooperation among territorial biological species, which we argue also operates in organizational ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":17054,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Software Maintenance and Evolution: Research and Practice","volume":"167 1","pages":"355-379"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80515522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this short essay we argue that open innovation requires a point of view—a firmspecific theory. In competitive environments, openness is not a free and obvious resource: openness can be costly and requires a theory of what a firm should uniquely be open to. Openness is most effective when firms are not merely scanning or filtering the environment, but rather when they know what they are looking for—a critical distinction. Thus we argue that the commonly-used funnel or filtering metaphor of open innovation—where the firm seeks to be more and more open to the environment—is misleading and problematic. Instead, openness should be conceived of as a directed activity: an activity directed by the theories, hypotheses and problems of the firm. To use a metaphor, rather than increase the aperture, lens size, breadth and overall capacity to be open to and absorb external factors (information, ideas, products, solutions), we argue that the best outcomes from openness emerge from a more targeted searchor flashlight approach. We conclude with a discussion of future directions building on this agenda.
{"title":"Open Innovation: A Theory-Based View","authors":"Teppo Felin, Todd R. Zenger","doi":"10.1561/111.00000011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1561/111.00000011","url":null,"abstract":"In this short essay we argue that open innovation requires a point of view—a firmspecific theory. In competitive environments, openness is not a free and obvious resource: openness can be costly and requires a theory of what a firm should uniquely be open to. Openness is most effective when firms are not merely scanning or filtering the environment, but rather when they know what they are looking for—a critical distinction. Thus we argue that the commonly-used funnel or filtering metaphor of open innovation—where the firm seeks to be more and more open to the environment—is misleading and problematic. Instead, openness should be conceived of as a directed activity: an activity directed by the theories, hypotheses and problems of the firm. To use a metaphor, rather than increase the aperture, lens size, breadth and overall capacity to be open to and absorb external factors (information, ideas, products, solutions), we argue that the best outcomes from openness emerge from a more targeted searchor flashlight approach. We conclude with a discussion of future directions building on this agenda.","PeriodicalId":17054,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Software Maintenance and Evolution: Research and Practice","volume":"4 1","pages":"223-232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79786917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Open innovation involves some of the most strategic functions of the enterprise, and yet relatively little has been written about how it fits into a larger strategic management framework. This article fills that gap by relating open innovation to the dynamic capabilities framework and begins by briefly summarizing the two perspectives. It then reviews the modest theoretical and empirical literature that looks at open innovation from a capabilities perspective. It identifies where open innovation fits into the dynamic capabilities framework and explores how treating open innovation as a separate construct can enrich a dynamic capabilities approach to the management of the enterprise. A case study of China’s Haier then provides an example of these principles in practice.
{"title":"Hand in Glove: Open Innovation and the Dynamic Capabilities Framework","authors":"D. Teece","doi":"10.1561/111.00000010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1561/111.00000010","url":null,"abstract":"Open innovation involves some of the most strategic functions of the enterprise, and yet relatively little has been written about how it fits into a larger strategic management framework. This article fills that gap by relating open innovation to the dynamic capabilities framework and begins by briefly summarizing the two perspectives. It then reviews the modest theoretical and empirical literature that looks at open innovation from a capabilities perspective. It identifies where open innovation fits into the dynamic capabilities framework and explores how treating open innovation as a separate construct can enrich a dynamic capabilities approach to the management of the enterprise. A case study of China’s Haier then provides an example of these principles in practice.","PeriodicalId":17054,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Software Maintenance and Evolution: Research and Practice","volume":"8 1","pages":"233-253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91357571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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