Pub Date : 2016-08-08DOI: 10.1109/JPETS.2016.2598565
P. Atwater, J. DeHaan
The IEEE Standard 1246-2011 Guide provides a method to predict worker touch voltage at grounded worksites in high-voltage alternating current substations using impedance correction K-factors for temporary protective grounds (TPGs). This is the second of two papers that provide supportive information for the grounding models and derivations of TPG impedance equations presented in that Guide.
{"title":"Temporary Protective Ground Cable Impedance K-Factors for Predicting Worker Touch Voltage—Bracket Grounding (2 of 2)","authors":"P. Atwater, J. DeHaan","doi":"10.1109/JPETS.2016.2598565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPETS.2016.2598565","url":null,"abstract":"The IEEE Standard 1246-2011 Guide provides a method to predict worker touch voltage at grounded worksites in high-voltage alternating current substations using impedance correction K-factors for temporary protective grounds (TPGs). This is the second of two papers that provide supportive information for the grounding models and derivations of TPG impedance equations presented in that Guide.","PeriodicalId":170601,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Power and Energy Technology Systems Journal","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132701910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-12DOI: 10.1109/JPETS.2016.2586072
R. Bass, J. Carr, José Aguilar, K. Whitener
The integration of distributed energy generation systems has begun to impact the operation of distribution feeders within the balancing areas of numerous electrical utilities. Battery energy storage systems may be used to facilitate greater integration of renewable energy generation. This paper describes a method for determining the power and energy capacities a battery energy storage system would need in order to accommodate a particular photovoltaic penetration level within a distribution feeder, or conversely, the amount of photovoltaic that could be installed on a feeder with a minimal investment in power and energy battery energy storage system (BESS) capacities. This method determines the BESS capacities required to compensate both intra-hour and inter-hour load and photovoltaic fluctuations to achieve a flat feeder power profile. By managing the feeder power, the voltage drop along the length of feeder may be managed, thereby mitigating the voltage fluctuation induced by the stochastic nature of both renewables generation and load. Doing so facilitates system benefits, such as conservation voltage reduction, fewer operations of load tap changers, and voltage regulators, and allows for deferment of capital expenditures.
{"title":"Determining the Power and Energy Capacities of a Battery Energy Storage System to Accommodate High Photovoltaic Penetration on a Distribution Feeder","authors":"R. Bass, J. Carr, José Aguilar, K. Whitener","doi":"10.1109/JPETS.2016.2586072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPETS.2016.2586072","url":null,"abstract":"The integration of distributed energy generation systems has begun to impact the operation of distribution feeders within the balancing areas of numerous electrical utilities. Battery energy storage systems may be used to facilitate greater integration of renewable energy generation. This paper describes a method for determining the power and energy capacities a battery energy storage system would need in order to accommodate a particular photovoltaic penetration level within a distribution feeder, or conversely, the amount of photovoltaic that could be installed on a feeder with a minimal investment in power and energy battery energy storage system (BESS) capacities. This method determines the BESS capacities required to compensate both intra-hour and inter-hour load and photovoltaic fluctuations to achieve a flat feeder power profile. By managing the feeder power, the voltage drop along the length of feeder may be managed, thereby mitigating the voltage fluctuation induced by the stochastic nature of both renewables generation and load. Doing so facilitates system benefits, such as conservation voltage reduction, fewer operations of load tap changers, and voltage regulators, and allows for deferment of capital expenditures.","PeriodicalId":170601,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Power and Energy Technology Systems Journal","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116809955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-07DOI: 10.1109/JPETS.2016.2586847
B. Guha, Rami J. Haddad, Y. Kalaani
One of the main challenges of integrating distributed generation into the power grid is islanding, which occurs when a disconnected power line is adversely energized by a local distributed generation source. If islanding is not quickly detected, it can present serious safety and hazardous conditions. Conventional passive detection techniques used today are entirely dependent on the parameters of the power system, which under certain operating conditions may fail to detect islanding. In this paper, a novel and efficient passive islanding detection technique for grid-connected photovoltaic-based inverters is presented. In this technique, the ripple content of the inverter output voltage at the point of common coupling is monitored for deviations using time-domain spectral analysis. Islanding is then detected whenever the ripple spectral content exceeds a preset threshold level for a certain period of time. The performance of this technique was extensively tested and quantified under a wide range of operating conditions. It was determined that the proposed technique did not exhibit any non-detection zone and was able to detect all types of islanding cases within 300 ms of the allowed delay time. Furthermore, the proposed technique was found to be robust and inherently immune to other degrading factors, since it is relatively independent of system parameters, power system scaling, or the number of distributed generation sources present within the islanding zone.
{"title":"Voltage Ripple-Based Passive Islanding Detection Technique for Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Inverters","authors":"B. Guha, Rami J. Haddad, Y. Kalaani","doi":"10.1109/JPETS.2016.2586847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPETS.2016.2586847","url":null,"abstract":"One of the main challenges of integrating distributed generation into the power grid is islanding, which occurs when a disconnected power line is adversely energized by a local distributed generation source. If islanding is not quickly detected, it can present serious safety and hazardous conditions. Conventional passive detection techniques used today are entirely dependent on the parameters of the power system, which under certain operating conditions may fail to detect islanding. In this paper, a novel and efficient passive islanding detection technique for grid-connected photovoltaic-based inverters is presented. In this technique, the ripple content of the inverter output voltage at the point of common coupling is monitored for deviations using time-domain spectral analysis. Islanding is then detected whenever the ripple spectral content exceeds a preset threshold level for a certain period of time. The performance of this technique was extensively tested and quantified under a wide range of operating conditions. It was determined that the proposed technique did not exhibit any non-detection zone and was able to detect all types of islanding cases within 300 ms of the allowed delay time. Furthermore, the proposed technique was found to be robust and inherently immune to other degrading factors, since it is relatively independent of system parameters, power system scaling, or the number of distributed generation sources present within the islanding zone.","PeriodicalId":170601,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Power and Energy Technology Systems Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131090965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-07DOI: 10.1109/JPETS.2016.2577682
Al Harrasi, A. Zobaa
This paper introduces a combinational modulation method to be used in classic full-bridge single phase inverters. The proposed method eliminates even-order harmonics at the pulse width modulation (PWM) stage in the control section, unlike the conventional method of even order harmonic cancelation in the power stage, and offers a cost-effective design by switching one leg at high frequency. Using a low-cost digital signal controller platform, a regular sampling technique based on real-time calculation was employed to verify the feasibility of the proposed method on a 500-W single phase voltage source inverter. Performance characteristics, such as switching losses and harmonic distortions, are presented for the new approach and compared with a classic inverter modulation method.
{"title":"A Cost-Effective Harmonic Cancellation Method for High-Frequency Silicon Carbide MOSFET-Based Single Phase Inverter","authors":"Al Harrasi, A. Zobaa","doi":"10.1109/JPETS.2016.2577682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPETS.2016.2577682","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a combinational modulation method to be used in classic full-bridge single phase inverters. The proposed method eliminates even-order harmonics at the pulse width modulation (PWM) stage in the control section, unlike the conventional method of even order harmonic cancelation in the power stage, and offers a cost-effective design by switching one leg at high frequency. Using a low-cost digital signal controller platform, a regular sampling technique based on real-time calculation was employed to verify the feasibility of the proposed method on a 500-W single phase voltage source inverter. Performance characteristics, such as switching losses and harmonic distortions, are presented for the new approach and compared with a classic inverter modulation method.","PeriodicalId":170601,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Power and Energy Technology Systems Journal","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129306693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-10DOI: 10.1109/JPETS.2016.2560135
J. Lyon, S. Maslennikov, M. Sahraei-Ardakani, T. Zheng, E. Litvinov, Xingpeng Li, P. Balasubramanian, K. Hedman
Despite the significant attention transmission switching (TS) has gained over the last decade, important challenges remain. This paper addresses the state-of-the-art challenges of TS by studying the benefits of corrective switching using authentic Independent System Operator of New England (ISO-NE) data and software. Thus, the results and analyses presented in this paper are more convincing than any other study conducted to date. TS is successfully implemented for reliability applications as a corrective mechanism. ISO-NE maintains N -1 reliability based on the preventive dispatch and enforcing proxy reserve requirements along with N - 1 - 1 reliability based on reserves and interface limits. This paper incorporates TS as a corrective mechanism in response to both the N - 1 and N - 1 - 1 events. Not only does this paper investigate the capability of corrective switching to alleviate thermal overloads but also the economic benefits of corrective switching with actual market data and in-house market software at ISO-NE. The results show that corrective TS can improve the reliability of the system and save millions of dollars each year by providing a cheaper corrective action alternative for ISO-NE. The results also suggest that TS would provide more significant benefits for systems with more transmission congestion such as Pennsylvania New Jersey Maryland, Midcontinent Independent System Operator, and Electric Reliability Council of Texas.
{"title":"Harnessing Flexible Transmission: Corrective Transmission Switching for ISO-NE","authors":"J. Lyon, S. Maslennikov, M. Sahraei-Ardakani, T. Zheng, E. Litvinov, Xingpeng Li, P. Balasubramanian, K. Hedman","doi":"10.1109/JPETS.2016.2560135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPETS.2016.2560135","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the significant attention transmission switching (TS) has gained over the last decade, important challenges remain. This paper addresses the state-of-the-art challenges of TS by studying the benefits of corrective switching using authentic Independent System Operator of New England (ISO-NE) data and software. Thus, the results and analyses presented in this paper are more convincing than any other study conducted to date. TS is successfully implemented for reliability applications as a corrective mechanism. ISO-NE maintains N -1 reliability based on the preventive dispatch and enforcing proxy reserve requirements along with N - 1 - 1 reliability based on reserves and interface limits. This paper incorporates TS as a corrective mechanism in response to both the N - 1 and N - 1 - 1 events. Not only does this paper investigate the capability of corrective switching to alleviate thermal overloads but also the economic benefits of corrective switching with actual market data and in-house market software at ISO-NE. The results show that corrective TS can improve the reliability of the system and save millions of dollars each year by providing a cheaper corrective action alternative for ISO-NE. The results also suggest that TS would provide more significant benefits for systems with more transmission congestion such as Pennsylvania New Jersey Maryland, Midcontinent Independent System Operator, and Electric Reliability Council of Texas.","PeriodicalId":170601,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Power and Energy Technology Systems Journal","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127138600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-04DOI: 10.1109/JPETS.2016.2546282
Parag Mitra, V. Vittal, B. Keel, Jenish M. Mistry
Cascading outages can have a catastrophic impact on power systems. One such recent incident was the September 8, 2011 blackout that affected San Diego and large parts of the southwestern United States. To prepare for such events, the NERC transmission planning standards require utilities to plan for ${n}$ -1-1 outages. However, such analyses can be computationally burdensome for any realistic power system owing to the staggering number of possible ${n}$ -1-1 contingencies. This paper proposes a systematic approach to analyze ${n}$ -1-1 contingencies in a computationally tractable manner for power system security assessment. The proposed approach addresses both static and dynamic security assessment. The proposed methods have been tested on the Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) system. The test results show that a substantial reduction in computational effort is achieved by implementing these methods for an ${n}$ -1-1 contingency analysis. In addition, the reliability of the proposed methods is evaluated by an exhaustive contingency analysis.
{"title":"A Systematic Approach to ${n}$ -1-1 Analysis for Power System Security Assessment","authors":"Parag Mitra, V. Vittal, B. Keel, Jenish M. Mistry","doi":"10.1109/JPETS.2016.2546282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPETS.2016.2546282","url":null,"abstract":"Cascading outages can have a catastrophic impact on power systems. One such recent incident was the September 8, 2011 blackout that affected San Diego and large parts of the southwestern United States. To prepare for such events, the NERC transmission planning standards require utilities to plan for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">${n}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-1-1 outages. However, such analyses can be computationally burdensome for any realistic power system owing to the staggering number of possible <inline-formula> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">${n}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-1-1 contingencies. This paper proposes a systematic approach to analyze <inline-formula> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">${n}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-1-1 contingencies in a computationally tractable manner for power system security assessment. The proposed approach addresses both static and dynamic security assessment. The proposed methods have been tested on the Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) system. The test results show that a substantial reduction in computational effort is achieved by implementing these methods for an <inline-formula> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">${n}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-1-1 contingency analysis. In addition, the reliability of the proposed methods is evaluated by an exhaustive contingency analysis.","PeriodicalId":170601,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Power and Energy Technology Systems Journal","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126916768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-02DOI: 10.1109/JPETS.2016.2560119
A. Salloum, Yousef M. Al-Abdullah, V. Vittal, K. Hedman
Constraint relaxations by definition mean that certain constraints are allowed to be violated in energy market models for a pre-determined penalty price. System operators utilize this mechanism in an effort to impose a price-cap on shadow prices in the markets. In addition, constraint relaxations can serve as corrective approximations that help to reduce the occurrence of infeasible or extreme solutions in market models. This paper aims to capture the impact constraint relaxations have on AC operating conditions. Moreover, this analysis also provides a better understanding of the correlation between DC market models and AC systems, and analyzes how relaxations in market models propagate to system operations. This information can be used to assess the risk associated with constraint relaxations. The practice of constraint relaxations was replicated in this paper using a test case and a real-life large-scale system, while capturing both the energy market aspects and AC system performance. System performance investigation included static and dynamic security analyses for base-case and post-contingency conditions.
{"title":"Impacts of Constraint Relaxations on Power System Operational Security","authors":"A. Salloum, Yousef M. Al-Abdullah, V. Vittal, K. Hedman","doi":"10.1109/JPETS.2016.2560119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPETS.2016.2560119","url":null,"abstract":"Constraint relaxations by definition mean that certain constraints are allowed to be violated in energy market models for a pre-determined penalty price. System operators utilize this mechanism in an effort to impose a price-cap on shadow prices in the markets. In addition, constraint relaxations can serve as corrective approximations that help to reduce the occurrence of infeasible or extreme solutions in market models. This paper aims to capture the impact constraint relaxations have on AC operating conditions. Moreover, this analysis also provides a better understanding of the correlation between DC market models and AC systems, and analyzes how relaxations in market models propagate to system operations. This information can be used to assess the risk associated with constraint relaxations. The practice of constraint relaxations was replicated in this paper using a test case and a real-life large-scale system, while capturing both the energy market aspects and AC system performance. System performance investigation included static and dynamic security analyses for base-case and post-contingency conditions.","PeriodicalId":170601,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Power and Energy Technology Systems Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124776429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-28DOI: 10.1109/JPETS.2016.2559507
D. Teshome, T. D. Huang, K. Lian
The performance of a nonintrusive load monitoring (NILM) system heavily depends on the uniqueness of the preferred load signature (LS) extracted from each appliance. Some electrical characteristics, such as instantaneous current waveform (CW), instantaneous power waveform, current harmonic, and voltage-current (V-I) trajectory have been proposed as appliance features in the literature. However, in some situations, these LSs cannot effectively distinguish different loads apart. In this paper, a time-domainbased advanced power theory is used to decompose the load current into the active and nonactive orthogonal components. Then, two new LSs have been established based on the nonactive component of the load current, namely, the nonactive CW (if) and the voltage-nonactive current (V-If ) characteristics curve. Simulation and experimental tests show that both of these features can distinguish different appliances. Hence, the proposed LSs can significantly enhance the existing NILM systems.
{"title":"Distinctive Load Feature Extraction Based on Fryze’s Time-Domain Power Theory","authors":"D. Teshome, T. D. Huang, K. Lian","doi":"10.1109/JPETS.2016.2559507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPETS.2016.2559507","url":null,"abstract":"The performance of a nonintrusive load monitoring (NILM) system heavily depends on the uniqueness of the preferred load signature (LS) extracted from each appliance. Some electrical characteristics, such as instantaneous current waveform (CW), instantaneous power waveform, current harmonic, and voltage-current (V-I) trajectory have been proposed as appliance features in the literature. However, in some situations, these LSs cannot effectively distinguish different loads apart. In this paper, a time-domainbased advanced power theory is used to decompose the load current into the active and nonactive orthogonal components. Then, two new LSs have been established based on the nonactive component of the load current, namely, the nonactive CW (if) and the voltage-nonactive current (V-If ) characteristics curve. Simulation and experimental tests show that both of these features can distinguish different appliances. Hence, the proposed LSs can significantly enhance the existing NILM systems.","PeriodicalId":170601,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Power and Energy Technology Systems Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124102916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-27DOI: 10.1109/JPETS.2016.2558471
P. Kydd, J. Anstrom, Paul D. Heitmann, Kevin J. Komara, M. E. Crouse
Vehicle-solar-grid (VSG) integration is a novel vehicle-to-grid concept that utilizes otherwise underemployed residential grid-tied solar inverters and electric vehicle batteries to provide ancillary services to the grid. The bidirectional flow of power in turn can provide revenue that can offset the cost of the vehicle and the photovoltaic system. This paper describes the VSG concept and the design and construction of an installation, which has demonstrated it in practice.
{"title":"Vehicle-Solar-Grid Integration: Concept and Construction","authors":"P. Kydd, J. Anstrom, Paul D. Heitmann, Kevin J. Komara, M. E. Crouse","doi":"10.1109/JPETS.2016.2558471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPETS.2016.2558471","url":null,"abstract":"Vehicle-solar-grid (VSG) integration is a novel vehicle-to-grid concept that utilizes otherwise underemployed residential grid-tied solar inverters and electric vehicle batteries to provide ancillary services to the grid. The bidirectional flow of power in turn can provide revenue that can offset the cost of the vehicle and the photovoltaic system. This paper describes the VSG concept and the design and construction of an installation, which has demonstrated it in practice.","PeriodicalId":170601,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Power and Energy Technology Systems Journal","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115738435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-14DOI: 10.1109/JPETS.2016.2519611
Conor Kelly, J. Ging, A. Kansal, M. Walsh
Balancing electricity supply and demand is a complex task. Renewable energy sources are often intermittent, while electrical loads vary throughout the day. This can result in an abundant supply that suppresses spot prices in one region, while another region simultaneously experiences tight supply margins and price spikes. Connecting these two regions through electrical interconnectors would enable greater utilization of renewable energy, but this can be expensive and is unfeasible for distant regions, such as between continents. However, datacenters are becoming ubiquitous around the world and are linked through fiber connections. This paper proposes a virtual interconnector (VIC) scheme using fiber to dynamically move energy demand, in the form of computation, to datacenters in other market regions with surplus low cost and renewable energy. This increases the global renewable penetration without requiring expensive grid interconnections. The associated benefits for the datacenter operator, the electricity grid controller, consumers, and the environment are discussed.
{"title":"Balancing Power Systems With Datacenters Using a Virtual Interconnector","authors":"Conor Kelly, J. Ging, A. Kansal, M. Walsh","doi":"10.1109/JPETS.2016.2519611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPETS.2016.2519611","url":null,"abstract":"Balancing electricity supply and demand is a complex task. Renewable energy sources are often intermittent, while electrical loads vary throughout the day. This can result in an abundant supply that suppresses spot prices in one region, while another region simultaneously experiences tight supply margins and price spikes. Connecting these two regions through electrical interconnectors would enable greater utilization of renewable energy, but this can be expensive and is unfeasible for distant regions, such as between continents. However, datacenters are becoming ubiquitous around the world and are linked through fiber connections. This paper proposes a virtual interconnector (VIC) scheme using fiber to dynamically move energy demand, in the form of computation, to datacenters in other market regions with surplus low cost and renewable energy. This increases the global renewable penetration without requiring expensive grid interconnections. The associated benefits for the datacenter operator, the electricity grid controller, consumers, and the environment are discussed.","PeriodicalId":170601,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Power and Energy Technology Systems Journal","volume":"280 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115425492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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