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Sound of Quantitative Metres in Medieval Hebrew Poetry 中世纪希伯来语诗歌中的量音律
IF 0.2 4区 社会学 0 ASIAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-06-16 DOI: 10.1093/jss/fgad017
Boris Kleiner
The conventional view of quantitative metres in medieval Hispano-Hebrew poetry confuses vowels and syllables. This is because it was syllable structure, rather than vowel typology, that produced the quantitative oppositions. Vocalic shewa was not a furtive but a regular short vowel; its syllable was light because it was not closed by a consonant. Heavy syllables were formed by closing consonants, replaceable by a long vowel, as in Arabic and other languages. Arabic metres could be used in Hebrew with no modification of their phonological basis. However, the quantitative prosody of Arabic poetry was the same as in Qurʾānic recitation, whereas its application to Hebrew contradicted the accentual prosody of the Bible. This appears to be the reason for the controversy surrounding the introduction of Arabic metrics into Hebrew poetry. Quantitative metres require only the focus on the articulatory structures to become audible. Musical durations and accents can corroborate the metre, but they can also be non-related without compromising metre perception.
中世纪希班诺-希伯来语诗歌中传统的计量表观点混淆了元音和音节。这是因为产生数量对立的是音节结构,而不是元音类型。元音shewa不是偷偷摸摸的,而是一个规则的短元音;它的音节很轻,因为它没有被辅音封闭。在阿拉伯语和其他语言中,重音节是由闭合的辅音形成的,可以用长元音代替。阿拉伯语的音位可以在希伯来语中使用,而不需要修改其音位基础。然而,阿拉伯诗歌的数量韵律与《古兰经》朗诵中的韵律相同,而其在希伯来语中的应用与《圣经》的重音韵律相矛盾。这似乎是围绕将阿拉伯语度量标准引入希伯来语诗歌引发争议的原因。定量测量只需要关注发音结构就可以听得见。音乐持续时间和重音可以证实节拍,但它们也可以在不影响节拍感知的情况下不相关。
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引用次数: 0
A donation list from Elephantine: Judaean and Non-Judaean onomastic characteristics from the Persian period in Egypt 大象的捐赠清单:埃及波斯时期的犹太和非犹太经济学特征
IF 0.2 4区 社会学 0 ASIAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-06-15 DOI: 10.1093/jss/fgad014
Mitka R. Golub
This study uses quantitative methods in the analysis and comparison of 195 names on a donation list from the Nile island of Elephantine, dated to 400 bce, with Judaean names from the end of the First Temple period. The goal is to shed more light on the origin of the individuals named on the list and their relationship, if any, to Judaeans. The onomastic analysis is based on the distributions of name types, theophoric elements and prefixed/suffixed theophoric elements, as well as on the most popular roots in names and the prevalence of names common to the donors and Judaeans. The results revealed several Judaean onomastic characteristics in Elephantine that help support the claim that the origin of these Elephantine donors is Judaean. At the same time, other onomastic characteristics which differ from those in Judah may be attributed to the influence of the surrounding multi-cultural society, as well as the time gap between the donors and Judaeans.
本研究使用定量方法分析和比较了公元前400年尼罗河大象岛捐赠名单上的195个名字与第一圣殿时期末的犹太名字。目标是更多地了解名单上所列个人的起源,以及他们与犹太教徒的关系(如果有的话)。命名分析基于名称类型、象征元素和前缀/后缀象征元素的分布,以及名称中最流行的词根和捐赠者和犹太教徒常见的名称的普遍性。研究结果揭示了大象的几个犹太拟声特征,这有助于支持这些大象捐赠者的起源是犹太的说法。同时,其他与犹大不同的经济学特征可能归因于周围多元文化社会的影响,以及捐赠者与犹太人之间的时间差距。
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引用次数: 0
Furthering the Further Quest for Ugaritic 进一步探索乌加里特语
IF 0.2 4区 社会学 0 ASIAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-06-05 DOI: 10.1093/jss/fgad008
P. Daniels
Emendations to a Festschrift contribution, suggested by the honouree, dealing with the decipherment of the Ugaritic script.
对获奖者建议的一份关于乌加里特语文字破译的Festschrift文稿的修订。
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引用次数: 0
Body and Mind, Husband and Household, Collaborators and Communities: Centrifugal Spheres of Protection in an Aramaic Incantation Bowl (MC 77.233) 身体和心灵,丈夫和家庭,合作者和社区:阿拉姆咒语碗中的离心保护球体(MC 77.233)
4区 社会学 0 ASIAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-05-27 DOI: 10.1093/jss/fgad005
Alexander Marcus
Abstract MC 77.233, an incantation bowl in Jewish Babylonian Aramaic script held in the Magnes Collection, is here published for the first time. Written primarily for Ḥammādā daughter of Xwārōy, it deepens and nuances our understanding of apotropaic activities in late antique Babylonia and surrounding regions, with terminology and phrases that are, at turns, typical and unique. Notable, too, are its combinations of, and allusions to, motifs that are elaborated with greater detail on other specimens. My discussion focuses on the role of both client and scribe in the bowl’s production, highlighting connections to bowls of other clients, to several well-attested formula repertoires, and to other Sasanian literary sources like the Babylonian Talmud. Throughout, I emphasize the opportunities for comparative analysis that are now available due to the increasing volume of bowl publications and recent scholarship on religious life, material culture, and interactions between Jews and others in late antique Mesopotamia.
马格纳斯收藏的犹太巴比伦亚拉姆文咒语碗MC 77.233在此首次公开。这本书主要是为Xwārōy的女儿Ḥammādā写的,它加深和细微差别了我们对古代晚期巴比伦和周围地区的净化活动的理解,其中的术语和短语是轮流的,典型的和独特的。同样值得注意的是,它对图案的组合和暗示,在其他标本上得到了更详细的阐述。我的讨论重点是客户和抄写员在碗的制作中的作用,强调与其他客户的碗的联系,与几个得到充分证明的公式,以及其他萨珊文学来源,如巴比伦塔木德。在整个过程中,我强调了比较分析的机会,由于碗出版物的数量增加,以及最近关于美索不达米亚古代晚期犹太人和其他人之间的宗教生活、物质文化和互动的学术研究。
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引用次数: 0
— Yiqtol as Evidential Strategy in Biblical Hebrew 《圣经》中希伯来语的证据策略
IF 0.2 4区 社会学 0 ASIAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-05-26 DOI: 10.1093/jss/fgad004
Vladimir Olivero
The goal of this study is to argue that the — yiqtol construction has an evidential meaning when employed with reference to the past. The yiqtol functions in these situations as an evidential strategy and is used to express the source of information. For instance, Exod. 15:1, which famously begins with , should be understood as ‘then (as reported / as they say) Moses sang’. The words added between brackets refer to the source of information. In most biblical passages where this rare and puzzling construction is attested the evidential yiqtol appears with deictic markers that tie the world of the narrative to that of the authors and of the audience. Interestingly, paratextual elements and redactional observations support the idea that we are dealing with evidential strategies. Finally, the Hebrew Bible seems to contain additional instances of the evidential yiqtol in a similar construction ( — yiqtol).
本研究的目的是要证明- yiqtol结构在与过去相关时具有证据意义。在这些情况下,yiqtol作为一种证据策略发挥作用,并用于表示信息的来源。例如,出埃及记15:1,著名的开头是这样的,应该理解为“然后(据报道/他们说)摩西唱歌”。括号内加的字是指资料来源。在大多数圣经段落中,这种罕见而令人费解的结构得到了证实,证据性的符号出现了指示性的标记,将叙事的世界与作者和观众的世界联系起来。有趣的是,副文本元素和注释性观察支持我们正在处理证据策略的观点。最后,希伯来圣经似乎在一个类似的结构(- yiqtol)中包含了额外的证据yiqtol的实例。
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引用次数: 0
A Phantom Verb: Yuttan in Biblical Hebrew 一个虚幻的动词:圣经希伯来语中的Yuttan
IF 0.2 4区 社会学 0 ASIAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-05-22 DOI: 10.1093/jss/fgad011
Raanan Eichler
The verb נתן ‘to give’ is pointed as hophal eight times in the Bible. The scholarly consensus is that these occurrences were originally intended as qal-passive, and that there was no hophal נתן in original Biblical Hebrew. It is argued here that there was neither hophal nor qal-passive נתן in original Biblical Hebrew: these occurrences were originally intended as qal, their subjects were indefinite, and they were intuitively revocalized as hophal when the third-person singular indefinite subject fell out of use in Hebrew.
动词“给予”在《圣经》中被指为hophal八次。学术界的共识是,这些事件最初是作为qal-被动的,并且在原始的圣经希伯来语中没有hophal。这里的论点是,在原始的圣经希伯来语中既没有hophal也没有qal-被动的(qal-):这些事件最初是作为qal出现的,它们的主语是不确定的,当希伯来语中第三人称单数不确定主语不再使用时,它们被直观地称为hophal。
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引用次数: 0
Dioscorides and Galen in the Syriac Tradition: A Reconsideration of Three Passages About Herbs in an Anonymous Syriac Pharmacological Book 叙利亚传统中的迪奥斯科里德和盖伦:重新考虑一本匿名叙利亚药理学书中关于草药的三段
4区 社会学 0 ASIAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-05-12 DOI: 10.1093/jss/fgad012
Lijuan Lin
Abstract This article centres on three passages about herbs and herb remedies (§91, §92 and §97) selected from the anonymous Syriac pharmacological book which Philippe Gignoux recently edited. It argues that all three passages have parallels in Galen’s On Simple Drugs, while the last section of §91 finds a parallel in Dioscorides’ De materia medica 1.107. The parallels not only help us to decipher several terms which remain unresolved in earlier research, but also facilitate a better understanding of some passages which are occasionally misleading due to the highly abbreviated character of the Syriac text. Furthermore, a comparison between the anonymous Syriac pharmacological text and earlier Syriac translations of Galen shows that our text is a multiple-layered pharmacopoeia which combines both earlier elements from Sergius of Rēš ͑ainā in the sixth century and new terminologies from Ḥunayn ibn Isḥāq in the ʿAbbāsid translation movement.
摘要:本文集中在三个段落关于草药和草药治疗(§91,§92和§97)选择从匿名叙利亚药理学的书,菲利普吉格努最近编辑。它认为,这三个段落都与盖伦的《论简单药物》有相似之处,而§91的最后一部分在狄奥斯科里德的《药物论》1.107中找到了相似之处。这些相似之处不仅帮助我们破译了一些在早期研究中仍未解决的术语,而且还有助于更好地理解一些段落,这些段落偶尔会因为叙利亚文本的高度缩写而产生误导。此外,将匿名的叙利亚语药理学文本与盖伦的早期叙利亚语翻译文本进行比较表明,我们的文本是一个多层药典,它结合了六世纪Rēš的Sergius的早期元素和在Abbāsid翻译运动中Ḥunayn ibn Isḥāq的新术语。
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引用次数: 0
On Negation with the Bipartite Constructions ʿĒB-(V/V:)Š and MĀ-(V/V:)Š in Šrūgi Arabic 论阿拉伯语Šrūgi中二部构式的否定:ĒB-(V/V:)Š和MĀ-(V/V:)Š
IF 0.2 4区 社会学 0 ASIAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-05-12 DOI: 10.1093/jss/fgad007
Q. Hassan
The split of the gǝlǝt dialects into Šrūgi and non-Šrūgi types was first introduced by the author in three studies. Here a correlation was observed between the geographic distribution of the gǝlǝt dialects and the sectarian affiliation of their speakers (Hassan 2020: 167, 2021a: 52, 2021b: 195 n. 1). The term Šrūgi refers to all gǝlǝt dialects over-whelmingly spoken by the Shīʿa population in southern Iraq and the Middle Euphrates Area, whereas the term non-Šrūgi denotes the gǝlǝt dialects of the Sunna population in the northern and western parts of the country. Accordingly, the term Šrūgi appears to be broader in scope than the traditional ‘southern Iraq’, which refers to only the southern part of the Šrūgi area. Research on negation in Šrūgi Arabic in general and on the bipartite negative constructions ʿēb-(v/v:)š and mā-(v/v:)š in particular, has thus far been very scant. In the published literature, only the single negative particles ʿēb and mā- and the split morpheme mā-(v/v:)š have been discussed, but no mention has been made of the bipartite construction ʿēb-(v/v:)š. What is more, the single negator ʿēb and the bipartite construction mā-(v/v:)š have usually been considered, although in passing, exclusive marshland features, a view that has unnecessarily been adopted in subsequent related contributions on negation in Šrūgi Arabic. However, recent research conducted by the author has shown the wide distribution of these constructions, mā-(v/v:)š in particular, in the Šrūgi area, in fact establishing an isogloss between the Šrūgi and the non-Šrūgi dialectal areas. The goal of this paper is to add new information to our knowledge of negation with the bipartite constructions ʿēb-(v/v:)š and mā-(v/v:)š in Šrūgi Arabic, showing at the same time that both constructions are not recent innovations, but their distribution has not been reported until now.
作者在三项研究中首次介绍了gǝl 477 t方言分为Šrúgi和非Šrügi两种类型。在这里,观察到gǝlǝ; t方言的地理分布与其使用者的教派归属之间的相关性(Hassan 2020:1672021a:52021b:195n.1)。Šrúgi一词指的是伊拉克南部和幼发拉底河中部的Shīʿa人口所说的所有gǝl 477 t方言,而非Šrāgi一术语则指的是该国北部和西部的Sunna人口的g 477 lǞt方言。因此,什鲁吉一词的范围似乎比传统的“伊拉克南部”更广,后者仅指什鲁吉地区的南部。迄今为止,对Šrúgi阿拉伯语中的否定,特别是对二部否定结构ʿēb-(v/v:)š和mā-(v/v:)š的研究非常少。在已发表的文献中,只讨论了单个负粒子ʿēb和mā-以及分裂词素mā–(v/v:)š,但没有提到二分结构703ēb-(v/v:)š。更重要的是,单否定符ʿēb和二分结构mā-(v/v:)š通常被认为是排他性的沼泽地特征,这一观点在随后关于Šrúgi阿拉伯语否定的相关贡献中被不必要地采用。然而,作者最近进行的研究表明,这些结构的广泛分布,尤其是mā-(v/v:)š,在Šrúgi地区,事实上建立了Šrāgi和非Šrīgi方言区之间的同源性。本文的目的是用Šrúgi阿拉伯语中的二分结构ʿēb-(v/v:)š和mā-(v/v:)š为我们的否定知识添加新的信息,同时表明这两种结构都不是最近的创新,但它们的分布直到现在还没有报道。
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引用次数: 0
The Non-Triliteral Theory of Verbal Morphology of the Karaite Joseph IBN NŪH 卡拉特·约瑟夫·IBN的非三音节词法理论NŪH
4区 社会学 0 ASIAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-05-12 DOI: 10.1093/jss/fgad013
Joshua Dachman
Abstract This study examines the morphological theory of Joseph (Yūsuf) Ibn Nūḥ, a tenth-century Hebraist with a non-triliteral theory of Hebrew. Ibn Nūḥ’s approach is first outlined using the previously-developed framework for non-triliteral Hebrew verbal morphology. Ibn Nūḥ’s morphological model is then explored and it is determined that Ibn Nūḥ has an Item-and-Process model of morphology. With that insight it is suggested that Ibn Nūḥ recognizes roots only ‘abstractively’, with word-forms being constructed from ‘bases’ rather than ‘roots’. Example passages are presented to demonstrate the contrast between Ibn Nūḥ’s and Dunash Ibn Labraṭ’s respective models of morphology.
摘要本研究考察了约瑟夫(Yūsuf)伊本Nūḥ的词形理论,伊本Nūḥ是一位十世纪的希伯来语学者,他的希伯来语是非三体理论。伊本Nūḥ的方法首先概述了使用以前开发的框架非三音节希伯来语词形。然后对Ibn Nūḥ的形态学模型进行了探索,确定Ibn Nūḥ具有一个Item-and-Process形态学模型。根据这一见解,有人认为伊本Nūḥ只能“抽象地”识别词根,词形是由“基”而不是“根”构成的。举例段落提出了对比伊本Nūḥ和杜纳什伊本labraha各自的形态模型。
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引用次数: 0
Contrastive Focus Reduplication in Kuwaiti Arabic 科威特阿拉伯语对比焦点重复
IF 0.2 4区 社会学 0 ASIAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-05-12 DOI: 10.1093/jss/fgad006
Yousuf B. AlBader
This study examines a case of total reduplication in Kuwaiti Arabic known as contrastive focus reduplication (i.e. complete copying of words or phrases). For example, tišrab čāy ḥalīb willa ČĀY–čāy? ‘Would you like to drink tea with milk, or TEA–tea’ [denoting black tea as opposed to karak chai]. The study explores the morpho-semantic properties of this construction in the dialect, shows the different meanings it allows and how it elucidates the permissible lexical units that can be reduplicated. The reduplication of a lexical item can be applied to a range of grammatical and lexical categories. Over 150 samples were collected by observing contrastive focus reduplication from participants’ (male and female native Kuwaiti speakers in their twenties and seventies) natural speech in everyday conversations. This study contributes to research on the prosody and grammar of the dialect and the theory of semantics, thereby enhancing understanding of reduplication and repetition in Semitic dialectology.1
本研究审查了科威特阿拉伯语中被称为对比焦点重复(即完全复制单词或短语)的完全重复的情况。例如:tišrab čāy ḥalīb willa ČĀY -čāy ?“你喜欢喝加牛奶的茶,还是tea - tea ?”(指红茶,而不是红茶)。本研究探讨了这种结构在方言中的形态语义特性,显示了它允许的不同含义以及它如何阐明了可以重复的允许的词汇单位。词汇项的重复可以应用于一系列语法和词汇类别。通过观察参与者(20多岁和70多岁的科威特本土男性和女性)在日常对话中的自然语言的对比焦点重复,收集了150多个样本。本研究有助于对闪族方言的韵律和语法以及语义学理论的研究,从而加强对闪族方言中重复和重复的理解
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Semitic Studies
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